/*

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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package jdk.internal.reflect;

import java.io.Externalizable;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

import java.io.ObjectStreamClass;

import java.io.OptionalDataException;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.lang.reflect.Executable;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import java.util.Objects;

import java.util.Properties;

import jdk.internal.misc.VM;

import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;

import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;

import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;

/** <P> The master factory for all reflective objects, both those in

    java.lang.reflect (Fields, Methods, Constructors) as well as their

    delegates (FieldAccessors, MethodAccessors, ConstructorAccessors).

    </P>

    <P> The methods in this class are extremely unsafe and can cause

    subversion of both the language and the verifier. For this reason,

    they are all instance methods, and access to the constructor of

    this factory is guarded by a security check, in similar style to

    {@link jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe}. </P>

*/

public class ReflectionFactory {

    private static boolean initted = false;

    private static final ReflectionFactory soleInstance = new ReflectionFactory();

    // Provides access to package-private mechanisms in java.lang.reflect

    private static volatile LangReflectAccess langReflectAccess;

    /* Method for static class initializer <clinit>, or null */

    private static volatile Method hasStaticInitializerMethod;

    //

    // "Inflation" mechanism. Loading bytecodes to implement

    // Method.invoke() and Constructor.newInstance() currently costs

    // 3-4x more than an invocation via native code for the first

    // invocation (though subsequent invocations have been benchmarked

    // to be over 20x faster). Unfortunately this cost increases

    // startup time for certain applications that use reflection

    // intensively (but only once per class) to bootstrap themselves.

    // To avoid this penalty we reuse the existing JVM entry points

    // for the first few invocations of Methods and Constructors and

    // then switch to the bytecode-based implementations.

    //

    // Package-private to be accessible to NativeMethodAccessorImpl

    // and NativeConstructorAccessorImpl

    private static boolean noInflation        = false;

    private static int     inflationThreshold = 15;

    // true if deserialization constructor checking is disabled

    private static boolean disableSerialConstructorChecks = false;

    private ReflectionFactory() {

    }

    /**

     * A convenience class for acquiring the capability to instantiate

     * reflective objects.  Use this instead of a raw call to {@link

     * #getReflectionFactory} in order to avoid being limited by the

     * permissions of your callers.

     *

     * <p>An instance of this class can be used as the argument of

     * <code>AccessController.doPrivileged</code>.

     */

    public static final class GetReflectionFactoryAction

        implements PrivilegedAction<ReflectionFactory> {

        public ReflectionFactory run() {

            return getReflectionFactory();

        }

    }

    /**

     * Provides the caller with the capability to instantiate reflective

     * objects.

     *

     * <p> First, if there is a security manager, its

     * <code>checkPermission</code> method is called with a {@link

     * java.lang.RuntimePermission} with target

     * <code>"reflectionFactoryAccess"</code>.  This may result in a

     * security exception.

     *

     * <p> The returned <code>ReflectionFactory</code> object should be

     * carefully guarded by the caller, since it can be used to read and

     * write private data and invoke private methods, as well as to load

     * unverified bytecodes.  It must never be passed to untrusted code.

     *

     * @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     *             <code>checkPermission</code> method doesn't allow

     *             access to the RuntimePermission "reflectionFactoryAccess".  */

    public static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (security != null) {

            security.checkPermission(

                SecurityConstants.REFLECTION_FACTORY_ACCESS_PERMISSION);

        }

        return soleInstance;

    }

    /**

     * Returns an alternate reflective Method instance for the given method

     * intended for reflection to invoke, if present.

     *

     * A trusted method can define an alternate implementation for a method `foo`

     * by defining a method named "reflected$foo" that will be invoked

     * reflectively.

     */

    private static Method findMethodForReflection(Method method) {

        String altName = "reflected$" + method.getName();

        try {

           return method.getDeclaringClass()

                        .getDeclaredMethod(altName, method.getParameterTypes());

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {

            return null;

        }

    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    //

    // Routines used by java.lang.reflect

    //

    //

    /** Called only by java.lang.reflect.Modifier's static initializer */

    public void setLangReflectAccess(LangReflectAccess access) {

        langReflectAccess = access;

    }

    /**

     * Note: this routine can cause the declaring class for the field

     * be initialized and therefore must not be called until the

     * first get/set of this field.

     * @param field the field

     * @param override true if caller has overridden accessibility

     */

    public FieldAccessor newFieldAccessor(Field field, boolean override) {

        checkInitted();

        Field root = langReflectAccess.getRoot(field);

        if (root != null) {

            // FieldAccessor will use the root unless the modifiers have

            // been overrridden

            if (root.getModifiers() == field.getModifiers() || !override) {

                field = root;

            }

        }

        return UnsafeFieldAccessorFactory.newFieldAccessor(field, override);

    }

    public MethodAccessor newMethodAccessor(Method method) {

        checkInitted();

        if (Reflection.isCallerSensitive(method)) {

            Method altMethod = findMethodForReflection(method);

            if (altMethod != null) {

                method = altMethod;

            }

        }

        // use the root Method that will not cache caller class

        Method root = langReflectAccess.getRoot(method);

        if (root != null) {

            method = root;

        }

        if (noInflation && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(method.getDeclaringClass())) {

            return new MethodAccessorGenerator().

                generateMethod(method.getDeclaringClass(),

                               method.getName(),

                               method.getParameterTypes(),

                               method.getReturnType(),

                               method.getExceptionTypes(),

                               method.getModifiers());

        } else {

            NativeMethodAccessorImpl acc =

                new NativeMethodAccessorImpl(method);

            DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl res =

                new DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl(acc);

            acc.setParent(res);

            return res;

        }

    }

    public ConstructorAccessor newConstructorAccessor(Constructor<?> c) {

        checkInitted();

        Class<?> declaringClass = c.getDeclaringClass();

        if (Modifier.isAbstract(declaringClass.getModifiers())) {

            return new InstantiationExceptionConstructorAccessorImpl(null);

        }

        if (declaringClass == Class.class) {

            return new InstantiationExceptionConstructorAccessorImpl

                ("Can not instantiate java.lang.Class");

        }

        // use the root Constructor that will not cache caller class

        Constructor<?> root = langReflectAccess.getRoot(c);

        if (root != null) {

            c = root;

        }

        // Bootstrapping issue: since we use Class.newInstance() in

        // the ConstructorAccessor generation process, we have to

        // break the cycle here.

        if (Reflection.isSubclassOf(declaringClass,

                                    ConstructorAccessorImpl.class)) {

            return new BootstrapConstructorAccessorImpl(c);

        }

        if (noInflation && !ReflectUtil.isVMAnonymousClass(c.getDeclaringClass())) {

            return new MethodAccessorGenerator().

                generateConstructor(c.getDeclaringClass(),

                                    c.getParameterTypes(),

                                    c.getExceptionTypes(),

                                    c.getModifiers());

        } else {

            NativeConstructorAccessorImpl acc =

                new NativeConstructorAccessorImpl(c);

            DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl res =

                new DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl(acc);

            acc.setParent(res);

            return res;

        }

    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    //

    // Routines used by java.lang

    //

    //

    /** Creates a new java.lang.reflect.Field. Access checks as per

        java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject are not overridden. */

    public Field newField(Class<?> declaringClass,

                          String name,

                          Class<?> type,

                          int modifiers,

                          int slot,

                          String signature,

                          byte[] annotations)

    {

        return langReflectAccess().newField(declaringClass,

                                            name,

                                            type,

                                            modifiers,

                                            slot,

                                            signature,

                                            annotations);

    }

    /** Creates a new java.lang.reflect.Method. Access checks as per

        java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject are not overridden. */

    public Method newMethod(Class<?> declaringClass,

                            String name,

                            Class<?>[] parameterTypes,

                            Class<?> returnType,

                            Class<?>[] checkedExceptions,

                            int modifiers,

                            int slot,

                            String signature,

                            byte[] annotations,

                            byte[] parameterAnnotations,

                            byte[] annotationDefault)

    {

        return langReflectAccess().newMethod(declaringClass,

                                             name,

                                             parameterTypes,

                                             returnType,

                                             checkedExceptions,

                                             modifiers,

                                             slot,

                                             signature,

                                             annotations,

                                             parameterAnnotations,

                                             annotationDefault);

    }

    /** Creates a new java.lang.reflect.Constructor. Access checks as

        per java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject are not overridden. */

    public Constructor<?> newConstructor(Class<?> declaringClass,

                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes,

                                         Class<?>[] checkedExceptions,

                                         int modifiers,

                                         int slot,

                                         String signature,

                                         byte[] annotations,

                                         byte[] parameterAnnotations)

    {

        return langReflectAccess().newConstructor(declaringClass,

                                                  parameterTypes,

                                                  checkedExceptions,

                                                  modifiers,

                                                  slot,

                                                  signature,

                                                  annotations,

                                                  parameterAnnotations);

    }

    /** Gets the MethodAccessor object for a java.lang.reflect.Method */

    public MethodAccessor getMethodAccessor(Method m) {

        return langReflectAccess().getMethodAccessor(m);

    }

    /** Sets the MethodAccessor object for a java.lang.reflect.Method */

    public void setMethodAccessor(Method m, MethodAccessor accessor) {

        langReflectAccess().setMethodAccessor(m, accessor);

    }

    /** Gets the ConstructorAccessor object for a

        java.lang.reflect.Constructor */

    public ConstructorAccessor getConstructorAccessor(Constructor<?> c) {

        return langReflectAccess().getConstructorAccessor(c);

    }

    /** Sets the ConstructorAccessor object for a

        java.lang.reflect.Constructor */

    public void setConstructorAccessor(Constructor<?> c,

                                       ConstructorAccessor accessor)

    {

        langReflectAccess().setConstructorAccessor(c, accessor);

    }

    /** Makes a copy of the passed method. The returned method is a

        "child" of the passed one; see the comments in Method.java for

        details. */

    public Method copyMethod(Method arg) {

        return langReflectAccess().copyMethod(arg);

    }

    /** Makes a copy of the passed method. The returned method is NOT

     * a "child" but a "sibling" of the Method in arg. Should only be

     * used on non-root methods. */

    public Method leafCopyMethod(Method arg) {

        return langReflectAccess().leafCopyMethod(arg);

    }

    /** Makes a copy of the passed field. The returned field is a

        "child" of the passed one; see the comments in Field.java for

        details. */

    public Field copyField(Field arg) {

        return langReflectAccess().copyField(arg);

    }

    /** Makes a copy of the passed constructor. The returned

        constructor is a "child" of the passed one; see the comments

        in Constructor.java for details. */

    public <T> Constructor<T> copyConstructor(Constructor<T> arg) {

        return langReflectAccess().copyConstructor(arg);

    }

    /** Gets the byte[] that encodes TypeAnnotations on an executable.

     */

    public byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {

        return langReflectAccess().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);

    }

    public Class<?>[] getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(Executable ex) {

        return langReflectAccess().getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(ex);

    }

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------

    //

    // Routines used by serialization

    //

    //

    public final Constructor<?> newConstructorForExternalization(Class<?> cl) {

        if (!Externalizable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl)) {

            return null;

        }

        try {

            Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor();

            cons.setAccessible(true);

            return cons;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {

            return null;

        }

    }

    public final Constructor<?> newConstructorForSerialization(Class<?> cl,

                                                               Constructor<?> constructorToCall)

    {

        if (constructorToCall.getDeclaringClass() == cl) {

            constructorToCall.setAccessible(true);

            return constructorToCall;

        }

        return generateConstructor(cl, constructorToCall);

    }

    /**

     * Given a class, determines whether its superclass has

     * any constructors that are accessible from the class.

     * This is a special purpose method intended to do access

     * checking for a serializable class and its superclasses

     * up to, but not including, the first non-serializable

     * superclass. This also implies that the superclass is

     * always non-null, because a serializable class must be a

     * class (not an interface) and Object is not serializable.

     *

     * @param cl the class from which access is checked

     * @return whether the superclass has a constructor accessible from cl

     */

    private boolean superHasAccessibleConstructor(Class<?> cl) {

        Class<?> superCl = cl.getSuperclass();

        assert Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(cl);

        assert superCl != null;

        if (packageEquals(cl, superCl)) {

            // accessible if any non-private constructor is found

            for (Constructor<?> ctor : superCl.getDeclaredConstructors()) {

                if ((ctor.getModifiers() & Modifier.PRIVATE) == 0) {

                    return true;

                }

            }

            return false;

        } else {

                return false;

            }

            for (Constructor<?> ctor : superCl.getDeclaredConstructors()) {

                if ((ctor.getModifiers() & (Modifier.PROTECTED | Modifier.PUBLIC)) != 0) {

                    return true;

                }

            }

            return false;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns a constructor that allocates an instance of cl and that then initializes

     * the instance by calling the no-arg constructor of its first non-serializable

     * superclass. This is specified in the Serialization Specification, section 3.1,

     * in step 11 of the deserialization process. If cl is not serializable, returns

     * cl's no-arg constructor. If no accessible constructor is found, or if the

     * class hierarchy is somehow malformed (e.g., a serializable class has no

     * superclass), null is returned.

     *

     * @param cl the class for which a constructor is to be found

     * @return the generated constructor, or null if none is available

     */

    public final Constructor<?> newConstructorForSerialization(Class<?> cl) {

        Class<?> initCl = cl;

        while (Serializable.class.isAssignableFrom(initCl)) {

            Class<?> prev = initCl;

            if ((initCl = initCl.getSuperclass()) == null ||

                (!disableSerialConstructorChecks && !superHasAccessibleConstructor(prev))) {

                return null;

            }

        }

        Constructor<?> constructorToCall;

        try {

            constructorToCall = initCl.getDeclaredConstructor();

            int mods = constructorToCall.getModifiers();

            if ((mods & Modifier.PRIVATE) != 0 ||

                    ((mods & (Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PROTECTED)) == 0 &&

                            !packageEquals(cl, initCl))) {

                return null;

            }

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {

            return null;

        }

        return generateConstructor(cl, constructorToCall);

    }

    private final Constructor<?> generateConstructor(Class<?> cl,

                                                     Constructor<?> constructorToCall) {