| author | serb |
| Thu, 31 May 2018 09:52:32 -0700 | |
| changeset 50358 | 1ba28f0dbc33 |
| parent 48264 | efda6932a433 |
| child 52831 | 4e9739110cf1 |
| permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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<!doctype html> |
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<html lang="en"> |
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<head> |
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<meta charset="utf-8"/> |
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<title>The AWT Modality</title> |
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</head> |
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<!-- |
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Copyright (c) 2005, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
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DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
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This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
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published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this |
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particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided |
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by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. |
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This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
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accompanied this code). |
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
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2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
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Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
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Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA |
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or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any |
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questions. |
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--> |
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<body> |
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<main role="main"> |
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<h1>The AWT Modality</h1> |
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<p> |
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This document, together with the API documentation for modality-related |
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classes (such as <code>java.awt.Dialog</code>), briefly describes the new |
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modality features and how to use them. It contains the following sections: |
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</p><ul> |
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<li><a href="#Definitions">Definitions</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#ModalityTypes">Modality types</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#ShowHideBlocking">Show/hide blocking</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#ModalExclusion">Modal exclusion</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#Related">Related AWT features</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#Security">Security</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#PlatformSupport">Platform support</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#Compatibility">Compatibility</a></li> |
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<li><a href="#Examples">Examples</a></li> |
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</ul> |
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<a id="Definitions"></a> |
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<h2>Definitions</h2> |
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<p> |
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<u>Document</u> - a window without an owner that, together with |
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all its child hierarchy, may be operated on as a single self-contained |
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document. |
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Every window belongs to some document — its root can be found as |
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the closest ancestor window without an owner. |
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</p><p> |
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<a id="ModalBlocked"></a> |
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<u>Modal blocked window</u> - a window, that: |
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</p><ul> |
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<li>doesn't receive any user input events |
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</li><li>doesn't receive input focus |
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</li><li>keeps its Z-order below the modal dialog that blocks it |
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</li></ul> |
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<blockquote> |
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<hr> |
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<b>Warning!</b> Some window managers allow users to change the window |
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Z-order in an arbitrary way — in that case the last requirement |
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may not be met. |
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<hr> |
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</blockquote> |
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<p> |
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<u>Modal dialog</u> - a dialog that blocks some windows while it is |
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visible. The blocked windows are determined according to the dialog's |
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scope of blocking. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Modal excluded window</u> - a window that stays unblocked |
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while the modal dialog is visible. If a window is modal excluded |
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then all its owned windows and child components are also excluded. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Scope of blocking (SB)</u> - the set of windows (instances of |
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<code>java.awt.Window</code> and all derived classes) that are blocked by |
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the modal dialog while it is visible. |
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<blockquote><hr> |
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<b>Note</b>: Everywhere in this document the notion of "window" is equal |
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to a top-level window in the Java programming language — in other words |
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an instance of <code>java.awt.Window</code> or any descendant class. |
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<hr></blockquote> |
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<a id="ModalityTypes"></a> |
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<h2>Modality types</h2> |
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<p> |
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There are four supported modality types : |
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</p><ul> |
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<li>toolkit |
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</li><li>application |
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</li><li>document |
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</li><li>modeless |
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</li></ul> |
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A dialog is, by default, modeless. A modal dialog is, by default, |
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application-modal. |
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<ol> |
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<li><u>Modeless dialogs</u><br> |
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A modeless dialog doesn't block any windows while visible. |
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</li><li><u>Document-modal dialogs</u><br> |
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A document-modal dialog blocks all windows from the same |
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document except those from its child hierarchy. The document root |
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is determined as the closest ancestor window without an |
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owner. |
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</li><li><u>Application-modal dialogs</u><br> |
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An application-modal dialog blocks all windows from the same |
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application except for those from its child hierarchy. |
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If there are several applets launched in a browser, they can be |
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treated either as separate applications or a single application. |
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This behavior is implementation-dependent. |
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</li><li><u>Toolkit-modal dialogs</u><br> |
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A toolkit-modal dialog blocks all windows that run in the same |
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toolkit except those from its child hierarchy. If there |
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are several applets launched all of them run with the same toolkit, |
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so a toolkit-modal dialog shown from an applet may affect other |
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applets and all windows of the browser instance which embeds the |
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Java runtime environment for this toolkit. |
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See the security section below. |
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</li></ol> |
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<p> |
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Modality priority is arranged by the strength of blocking: modeless, |
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document-modal, application-modal and toolkit-modal. This arrangement |
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is used when determining what dialog should remain unblocked if two |
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are visible and block each other. It naturally reflects the nesting |
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of a dialog's scope of blocking (SB): a modeless dialog has an empty SB, |
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a document-modal dialog's SB is complete in some applications, |
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and all the applications are run in one toolkit. </p><p> |
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Notes about owners: |
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</p><ul> |
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<li>Creating a document-modal dialog without an owner:<br> |
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Since <code>Dialog</code> is a class derived from |
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<code>Window</code>, a <code>Dialog</code> instance automatically |
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becomes the root of the document if it has no owner. Thus, if |
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such a dialog is document-modal, its scope of blocking is empty |
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and it behaves the same way as a modeless dialog. |
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</li><li>Creating an application-modal or toolkit-modal dialog with an |
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owner:<br> |
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The scope of blocking for an application- or toolkit-modal |
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dialog, as opposed to a document-modal dialog, doesn't depend on |
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its owner. Thus, in this case the only thing that the owner |
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affects is the Z-order: the dialog always stays on top of its owner. |
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</li></ul> |
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<blockquote><hr> |
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<b>Implementation note</b>: Changing the modality type for a visible |
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dialog may have no effect until it is hidden and then shown again. |
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<hr></blockquote> |
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<a id="ShowHideBlocking"></a> |
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<h2>Show/hide blocking</h2> |
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<p> |
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<u>Showing the window or modeless dialog: "F"</u><br> |
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All the visible modal dialogs are looked through — if F is from the SB |
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of one of them, it becomes blocked by it. If there are several such |
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dialogs, the first shown is used. If no such dialogs exist, F remains |
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unblocked. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Showing the modal dialog: "M"</u><br> |
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When modal dialog M is shown, all the visible windows fall into one of |
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three distinct groups: |
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<ul> |
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<li>Blockers of M (modal dialogs that block M and |
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either are in M's child hierarchy, or are not blocked by M, or have |
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a greater mode of modality, or block some other blocker of M) |
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<li>Blocked by M (windows from M's SB that are not blockers and are |
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not in child hierarchy of any blocker) |
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<li>All other windows (windows or modeless |
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dialogs outside M's SB and modal dialogs outside M's SB that do not |
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block M). |
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</ul> |
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<p> |
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After the modal dialog M is shown, it becomes blocked by the first shown |
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dialog from the first group (if there are any), all the windows from the |
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second one become blocked by M, and all the windows from the third group |
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remain untouched. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>In typical cases</u>, when no child dialogs are shown before their owners, |
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this rule can be simplified. (The following, simplified case, may |
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leave out some details). |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Showing the document-modal dialog: "M"</u><br> |
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All the visible application- and toolkit-modal dialogs are looked |
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through — if M is from the SB of one of them, |
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it becomes blocked by it. If there are several such dialogs, |
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the first shown is used. If no such dialogs exist, M remains unblocked. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Showing the application-modal dialog: "M"</u><br> |
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All the visible toolkit-modal dialogs are looked through — |
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if M is from the SB of one of them, it becomes blocked by it. |
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If there are several such dialogs, the first shown is used. |
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If no such dialogs exist, M remains unblocked. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Showing the toolkit-modal dialog: "M"</u><br> |
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M remains unblocked. |
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</p><p> |
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<!-- <center> --> |
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</p> |
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<table border="1"> |
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<caption>The Standard Blocking Matrix</caption> |
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<tbody><tr align="center"> |
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<td align="center">current/shown</td> |
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<td align="center">frame & modeless</td> |
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<td align="center">document</td> |
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<td align="center">application</td> |
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<td align="center">toolkit</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr align="center"> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr align="center"> |
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<td align="center">document</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr align="center"> |
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<td align="center">application</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr align="center"> |
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<td align="center">toolkit</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">blocked</td> |
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<td align="center">-</td> |
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</tr> |
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</tbody></table> |
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<!-- </center> --> |
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<p> |
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After the modal dialog is shown, all the windows from its SB are blocked, |
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except those that block this modal dialog. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Hiding the window or modeless dialog: "F"</u><br> |
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If F was blocked by any modal dialog M, it becomes unblocked and is |
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removed from M's blocked windows list. |
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</p><p> |
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<u>Hiding the modal dialog: "M"</u><br> |
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If M was blocked by any other modal dialog, for example, "N", |
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it becomes unblocked and |
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is removed from N's blocked windows list. Then, all the windows and dialogs |
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blocked by M become unblocked, and after that the same checks |
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(as in Showing the modal dialog: "M") |
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are performed for each of them in the order they were initially shown. |
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<a id="ModalExclusion"></a> |
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</p><h2>Modal exclusion</h2> |
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<p> |
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There are two modal exclusion types introduced as of JDK 6 |
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</p><ul> |
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<li>Exclusion from blocking of toolkit-modal dialogs |
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</li><li>Exclusion from blocking of application-modal dialogs |
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</li></ul> |
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By default, a window's modal exclusion property is turned off. |
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<ol> |
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<li><u>Application-modal exclusion</u><br> |
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If a window is application-modal excluded, it is not blocked by any |
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application-modal dialogs. Also, it is not blocked by document-modal |
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dialogs from outside of its child hierarchy. |
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</li><li><u>Toolkit-modal exclusion</u><br> |
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If a window is toolkit-modal excluded, it is not blocked |
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by any application- or toolkit-modal dialogs. Also, it is not |
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blocked by document-modal dialogs from outside of their child hierarchy. |
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</li></ol> |
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<blockquote> |
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<hr> |
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<b>Implementation note</b>: Changing the modal exclusion type for a visible window |
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may have no effect until it is hidden and then shown again. |
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</blockquote> |
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<a id="Related"></a> |
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<h2>Related AWT features</h2> |
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<p> |
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<u>Always-On-Top</u><br> |
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When a modal dialog that is not always-on-top blocks an always-on-top window, |
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their relative Z-order is unspecified and platform-dependent. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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<u>The <code>toFront()</code> and <code>toBack()</code> methods</u><br> |
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A modal dialog should always be above all its blocked windows. Thus, if a blocked |
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window is brought to the front, its blocking dialog, if any, is also brought to the |
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front and remains above the blocked window. Likewise, if a modal dialog is sent to |
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the back, all of its blocked windows are sent to the back to keep them below the |
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blocking dialog. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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<u>Minimizing, maximizing and closing blocked windows</u><br> |
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When a modal dialog blocks a window, the user may not be able to maximize or |
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minimize the blocked window— however, the actual behavior is unspecified |
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and platform-dependent. In any case, the user can't close the blocked window |
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interactively— but it can be closed programmatically by calling the |
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<code>setVisible(false)</code> or <code>dispose()</code> methods on the blocked |
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window. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
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<u>Blocked windows activations</u><br> |
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When the user selects a blocked window, it may be brought to the front, along |
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with the blocking modal dialog which would then become the active window— |
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however, the actual behavior is unspecified and platform-dependent. |
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</p> |
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<p> |
|
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<u>Hiding a modal dialog</u><br> |
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When the modal dialog that currently has focus is hidden, it is unspecified |
|
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and platform-dependent, which other window will become the active window. |
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Any of the following may become the active window: |
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<ol> |
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<li>The owner of the modal dialog - if the owner is unblocked. |
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</li><li>The <code>Window</code>, which was active before this modal dialog gained |
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focus - if the owner of the modal dialog is absent or is blocked. |
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</li></ol> |
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If the modal dialog to be hidden does not have focus, the active window remains |
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unchanged. |
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<a id="Security"></a> |
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<h2>Security</h2> |
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|
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<p> |
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A special <code>AWTPermission</code>, <code>"toolkitModality"</code>, |
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is required to show toolkit-modal |
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dialogs. This would prevent, for example, blocking a browser or |
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Java Web Start (JWS) by modal dialogs shown from applets. |
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</p><p> |
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The same permission is required to exclude a window from toolkit modality. |
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This would prevent, for example, a dialog shown from an applet not to be |
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blocked by a browser's or JWS's modal dialog. |
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<a id="PlatformSupport"></a> |
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</p><h2>Platform support</h2> |
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|
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<p> |
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Two <code>java.awt.Toolkit</code> methods allow you to check whether |
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the current platform supports specific modality features: |
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</p><ul> |
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<li><code>isModalityTypeSupported(modalityType)</code><br> |
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Returns whether the specified modality type is supported on |
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the current platform. |
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If mode "M" is not supported and a dialog is set to M-modal, |
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it behaves as modeless. |
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</li> |
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<li><code>isModalExclusionTypeSupported(modalExclusionType)</code><br> |
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Returns whether the given modal exclusion type is supported on |
|
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the current platform. If exclusion type "E" is not supported |
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and a window is marked as E-excluded, this has no effect. |
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</li></ul> |
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<a id="Compatibility"></a> |
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<h2>Compatibility</h2> |
| 2 | 367 |
|
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<p> |
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The default modality type is application-modal. It is used by the API |
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calls: <code>Dialog.setModal(true)</code>, |
| 2 | 371 |
<code>Dialog(owner, true)</code>, etc. Prior to JDK 6 |
372 |
the default type was toolkit-modal, |
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but the only distinction between application- and toolkit-modality is for |
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applets and applications launched from Java Web Start. |
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<a id="Examples"></a> |
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</p><h2>Examples</h2> |
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<table border="0"> |
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<tbody><tr> |
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<td align="left" > |
| 2 | 382 |
<ol> |
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<li>Frame "F" is shown<br> |
|
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<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>i</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>F becomes blocked by D<sub>i</sub> — it's in the same document<br> |
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<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>ii</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>D<sub>i</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — it's in the |
| 2 | 388 |
same document<br> |
389 |
</ol> |
|
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<br> |
|
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</td> |
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<td align="center"> |
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<img src="modal-example1.gif" alt="Example 1"> |
| 2 | 394 |
<br> |
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</td> |
|
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td align="left"> |
| 2 | 399 |
<ol> |
400 |
<li>Frame "F" is shown<br> |
|
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<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>i</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>F becomes blocked by D<sub>i</sub> — it's in the same document<br> |
| 2 | 403 |
<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>ii</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>D<sub>i</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — |
| 2 | 405 |
it's in the same document<br> |
406 |
<li>D<sub>i</sub> is hidden<br> |
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<li>F becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — it's in the same document<br> |
| 2 | 408 |
</ol> |
409 |
<br> |
|
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</td> |
|
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<td align="center"> |
|
| 29882 | 412 |
<img src="modal-example2.gif" alt="Example 2"> |
| 2 | 413 |
<br> |
414 |
</td> |
|
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</tr> |
|
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<tr> |
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<td align="left"> |
| 2 | 418 |
<ol> |
419 |
<li>Frame "F" is shown<br> |
|
420 |
<li>Toolkit-modal dialog "D<sub>i</sub>" is created, but not shown<br> |
|
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<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>ii</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>F becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — it's in the same document<br> |
| 2 | 423 |
<li>Application-modal dialog "D<sub>iii</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>D<sub>ii</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>iii</sub> — |
| 2 | 425 |
it's in the same application<br> |
426 |
<li>D<sub>i</sub> is shown<br> |
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<li>D<sub>i</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — it's its owner<br> |
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<li>D<sub>iii</sub> remains unblocked — it blocks D<sub>ii</sub> and |
| 2 | 429 |
D<sub>ii</sub> blocks D<sub>i</sub><br> |
430 |
</ol> |
|
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<br> |
|
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</td> |
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<td align="center"> |
| 29882 | 434 |
<img src="modal-example3.gif" alt="Example 3"> |
| 2 | 435 |
<br> |
436 |
</td> |
|
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</tr> |
|
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<tr> |
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<td align="left"> |
| 2 | 440 |
<ol> |
441 |
<li>Frame "F" is shown<br> |
|
442 |
<li>Toolkit-modal dialog "D<sub>i</sub>" is created, but not shown<br> |
|
443 |
<li>Document-modal dialog "D<sub>ii</sub>" is shown<br> |
|
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<li>F becomes blocked by D<sub>ii</sub> — it's in the same document<br> |
| 2 | 445 |
<li>Application-modal dialog "D<sub>iii</sub>" is shown<br> |
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<li>D<sub>ii</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>iii</sub> — it's in the |
| 2 | 447 |
same application<br> |
448 |
<li>D<sub>i</sub> is shown<br> |
|
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<li>D<sub>iii</sub> becomes blocked by D<sub>i</sub> — D<sub>i</sub> |
| 2 | 450 |
is not blocked<br> |
451 |
<li>D<sub>i</sub> remains unblocked<br> |
|
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</ol> |
|
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<br> |
|
454 |
</td> |
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<td align="center"> |
| 29882 | 456 |
<img src="modal-example4.gif" alt="Example 4"> |
| 2 | 457 |
<br> |
458 |
</td> |
|
459 |
</tr> |
|
460 |
</tbody></table> |
|
| 50358 | 461 |
</main> |
| 2 | 462 |
</body></html> |