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	xmlns:m="https://trac.frantovo.cz/xml-web-generator/wiki/xmlns/makro">

	<nadpis>Examples</nadpis>

	<perex>Usage examples of Relational pipes tools</perex>

	<pořadí>40</pořadí>

	<text xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

		<h3>relpipe-tr-validator</h3>

		<p>

			Just a passthrough command, so these pipelines should produce the same hash:

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash"><![CDATA[

relpipe-in-fstab | relpipe-tr-validator | sha512sum

relpipe-in-fstab | sha512sum]]></m:pre>

		<p>

			This tool can be used for testing whether a file contains valid relational data:

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash"><![CDATA[

if relpipe-tr-validator < "some-file.rp" &> /dev/null; then

	echo "valid relational data";

else

	echo "garbage";

fi]]></m:pre>

		<p>or as a one-liner:</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash"><![CDATA[relpipe-tr-validator < "some-file.rp" &> /dev/null && echo "ok" || echo "error"]]></m:pre>

		<p>

			If an error is found, it is reported on STDERR. So just omit the <code>&amp;</code> in order to see the error message.

		</p>

		<h3>/etc/fstab formatting using -in-fstab, -out-nullbyte, xargs and Perl</h3>

		<p>

			As we have seen before, we can convert <code>/etc/fstab</code> (or <code>mtab</code>)

			to e.g. an XML or a nice and colorful table using <m:name/>.

			But we can also convert these data back to the <code>fstab</code> format. And do it with proper indentation/padding.

			Fstab has a simple format where values are separated by one or more whitespace characters.

			But without proper indentation, these files look a bit obfuscated and hard to read (however, they are valid).

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="text" src="examples/relpipe-out-fstab.txt"/>

		<p>

			So let's build a pipeline that reformats the <code>fstab</code> and makes it more readable.

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash">relpipe-in-fstab | relpipe-out-fstab &gt; reformatted-fstab.txt</m:pre>

		<p>

			We can hack together a script called <code>relpipe-out-fstab</code> that accepts relational data and produces <code>fstab</code> data.

			Later this will be probably implemented as a regular tool, but for now, it is just an example of a ad-hoc shell script:

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash" src="examples/relpipe-out-fstab.sh" odkaz="ano"/>

		<p>

			In the first part, we prepend a single record (<code>relpipe-in-cli</code>) before the data coming from STDIN (<code>cat</code>).

			Then, we use <code>relpipe-out-nullbyte</code> to convert relational data to values separated by a null-byte.

			This command processes only attribute values (skips relation and attribute names).

			Then we used <code>xargs</code> to read the null-separated values and execute a Perl command for each record (pass to it a same number of arguments, as we have attributes: <code>--max-args=7</code>).

			Perl does the actual formatting: adds padding and does some little tunning (merges two attributes and replaces empty values with <em>none</em>).

		</p>

		<p>This is formatted version of the <code>fstab</code> above:</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="text" src="examples/relpipe-out-fstab.formatted.txt"/>

		<p>

			And using following command we can verify, that the files differ only in comments and whitespace:

		</p>

		<pre>relpipe-in-fstab | relpipe-out-fstab | diff -w /etc/fstab -</pre>

		<p>

			Regular implementation of <code>relpipe-out-fstab</code> will probably keep the comments

			(it needs also one more attribute and small change in <code>relpipe-in-fstab</code>).

		</p>

		<p>

			For just mere <code>fstab</code> reformatting, this approach is a bit overengineering.

			We could skip the whole relational thing and do just something like this:

		</p>

		<m:pre jazyk="bash">cat /etc/fstab | grep -v '^#' | sed -E 's/\s+/\n/g' | tr \\n \\0 | xargs -0 -n7 ...</m:pre>

		<p>

			plus prepend the comment (or do everything in Perl).

			But this example is intended as a demostration, how we can

			1) prepend some additional data before the data from STDIN

			2) use <m:name/> and traditional tools like <code>xargs</code> or <code>perl</code> together.

			And BTW we have implemented a (simple but working) <em>relpipe output filter</em> – and did it without any serious programming, just put some existing commands together :-)

		</p>

		<blockquote>

			<p>

				There is more Unix-nature in one line of shell script than there is in ten thousand lines of C.

				<m:podČarou>see <a href="http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/unix-koans/ten-thousand.html">Master Foo and the Ten Thousand Lines</a></m:podČarou>

			</p>

		</blockquote>

	</text>

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