src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/assembler_ppc.hpp
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 46809 057f21a10f5f
child 47521 122833427b36
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/hotspot/cpu/ppc/assembler_ppc.hpp	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,2359 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2017 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
+#define CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP
+
+#include "asm/register.hpp"
+
+// Address is an abstraction used to represent a memory location
+// as used in assembler instructions.
+// PPC instructions grok either baseReg + indexReg or baseReg + disp.
+class Address VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
+ private:
+  Register _base;         // Base register.
+  Register _index;        // Index register.
+  intptr_t _disp;         // Displacement.
+
+ public:
+  Address(Register b, Register i, address d = 0)
+    : _base(b), _index(i), _disp((intptr_t)d) {
+    assert(i == noreg || d == 0, "can't have both");
+  }
+
+  Address(Register b, address d = 0)
+    : _base(b), _index(noreg), _disp((intptr_t)d) {}
+
+  Address(Register b, intptr_t d)
+    : _base(b), _index(noreg), _disp(d) {}
+
+  Address(Register b, RegisterOrConstant roc)
+    : _base(b), _index(noreg), _disp(0) {
+    if (roc.is_constant()) _disp = roc.as_constant(); else _index = roc.as_register();
+  }
+
+  Address()
+    : _base(noreg), _index(noreg), _disp(0) {}
+
+  // accessors
+  Register base()  const { return _base; }
+  Register index() const { return _index; }
+  int      disp()  const { return (int)_disp; }
+  bool     is_const() const { return _base == noreg && _index == noreg; }
+};
+
+class AddressLiteral VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
+ private:
+  address          _address;
+  RelocationHolder _rspec;
+
+  RelocationHolder rspec_from_rtype(relocInfo::relocType rtype, address addr) {
+    switch (rtype) {
+    case relocInfo::external_word_type:
+      return external_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
+    case relocInfo::internal_word_type:
+      return internal_word_Relocation::spec(addr);
+    case relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type:
+      return opt_virtual_call_Relocation::spec();
+    case relocInfo::static_call_type:
+      return static_call_Relocation::spec();
+    case relocInfo::runtime_call_type:
+      return runtime_call_Relocation::spec();
+    case relocInfo::none:
+      return RelocationHolder();
+    default:
+      ShouldNotReachHere();
+      return RelocationHolder();
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // creation
+  AddressLiteral() : _address(NULL), _rspec(NULL) {}
+
+ public:
+  AddressLiteral(address addr, RelocationHolder const& rspec)
+    : _address(addr),
+      _rspec(rspec) {}
+
+  AddressLiteral(address addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
+    : _address((address) addr),
+      _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
+
+  AddressLiteral(oop* addr, relocInfo::relocType rtype = relocInfo::none)
+    : _address((address) addr),
+      _rspec(rspec_from_rtype(rtype, (address) addr)) {}
+
+  intptr_t value() const { return (intptr_t) _address; }
+
+  const RelocationHolder& rspec() const { return _rspec; }
+};
+
+// Argument is an abstraction used to represent an outgoing
+// actual argument or an incoming formal parameter, whether
+// it resides in memory or in a register, in a manner consistent
+// with the PPC Application Binary Interface, or ABI. This is
+// often referred to as the native or C calling convention.
+
+class Argument VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
+ private:
+  int _number;  // The number of the argument.
+ public:
+  enum {
+    // Only 8 registers may contain integer parameters.
+    n_register_parameters = 8,
+    // Can have up to 8 floating registers.
+    n_float_register_parameters = 8,
+
+    // PPC C calling conventions.
+    // The first eight arguments are passed in int regs if they are int.
+    n_int_register_parameters_c = 8,
+    // The first thirteen float arguments are passed in float regs.
+    n_float_register_parameters_c = 13,
+    // Only the first 8 parameters are not placed on the stack. Aix disassembly
+    // shows that xlC places all float args after argument 8 on the stack AND
+    // in a register. This is not documented, but we follow this convention, too.
+    n_regs_not_on_stack_c = 8,
+  };
+  // creation
+  Argument(int number) : _number(number) {}
+
+  int  number() const { return _number; }
+
+  // Locating register-based arguments:
+  bool is_register() const { return _number < n_register_parameters; }
+
+  Register as_register() const {
+    assert(is_register(), "must be a register argument");
+    return as_Register(number() + R3_ARG1->encoding());
+  }
+};
+
+#if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
+// A ppc64 function descriptor.
+struct FunctionDescriptor VALUE_OBJ_CLASS_SPEC {
+ private:
+  address _entry;
+  address _toc;
+  address _env;
+
+ public:
+  inline address entry() const { return _entry; }
+  inline address toc()   const { return _toc; }
+  inline address env()   const { return _env; }
+
+  inline void set_entry(address entry) { _entry = entry; }
+  inline void set_toc(  address toc)   { _toc   = toc; }
+  inline void set_env(  address env)   { _env   = env; }
+
+  inline static ByteSize entry_offset() { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _entry); }
+  inline static ByteSize toc_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _toc); }
+  inline static ByteSize env_offset()   { return byte_offset_of(FunctionDescriptor, _env); }
+
+  // Friend functions can be called without loading toc and env.
+  enum {
+    friend_toc = 0xcafe,
+    friend_env = 0xc0de
+  };
+
+  inline bool is_friend_function() const {
+    return (toc() == (address) friend_toc) && (env() == (address) friend_env);
+  }
+
+  // Constructor for stack-allocated instances.
+  FunctionDescriptor() {
+    _entry = (address) 0xbad;
+    _toc   = (address) 0xbad;
+    _env   = (address) 0xbad;
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+
+// The PPC Assembler: Pure assembler doing NO optimizations on the
+// instruction level; i.e., what you write is what you get. The
+// Assembler is generating code into a CodeBuffer.
+
+class Assembler : public AbstractAssembler {
+ protected:
+  // Displacement routines
+  static int  patched_branch(int dest_pos, int inst, int inst_pos);
+  static int  branch_destination(int inst, int pos);
+
+  friend class AbstractAssembler;
+
+  // Code patchers need various routines like inv_wdisp()
+  friend class NativeInstruction;
+  friend class NativeGeneralJump;
+  friend class Relocation;
+
+ public:
+
+  enum shifts {
+    XO_21_29_SHIFT = 2,
+    XO_21_30_SHIFT = 1,
+    XO_27_29_SHIFT = 2,
+    XO_30_31_SHIFT = 0,
+    SPR_5_9_SHIFT  = 11u, // SPR_5_9 field in bits 11 -- 15
+    SPR_0_4_SHIFT  = 16u, // SPR_0_4 field in bits 16 -- 20
+    RS_SHIFT       = 21u, // RS field in bits 21 -- 25
+    OPCODE_SHIFT   = 26u, // opcode in bits 26 -- 31
+  };
+
+  enum opcdxos_masks {
+    XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
+    ADDI_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    BXX_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    BCXX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    // trap instructions
+    TDI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    TWI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    TD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
+    TW_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
+    LD_OPCODE_MASK      = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (3u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    STD_OPCODE_MASK     = LD_OPCODE_MASK,
+    STDU_OPCODE_MASK    = STD_OPCODE_MASK,
+    STDX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
+    STDUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STDX_OPCODE_MASK,
+    STW_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STWU_OPCODE_MASK    = STW_OPCODE_MASK,
+    STWX_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (1023u << 1),
+    STWUX_OPCODE_MASK   = STWX_OPCODE_MASK,
+    MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK   = ~(31u << RS_SHIFT),
+    ORI_OPCODE_MASK     = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ORIS_OPCODE_MASK    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT) | (7u << XO_27_29_SHIFT)
+  };
+
+  enum opcdxos {
+    ADD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 266u << 1),
+    ADDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  10u << 1),
+    ADDI_OPCODE   = (14u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ADDIS_OPCODE  = (15u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ADDIC__OPCODE = (13u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ADDE_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 138u << 1),
+    ADDME_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 234u << 1),
+    ADDZE_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 202u << 1),
+    SUBF_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  40u << 1),
+    SUBFC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   8u << 1),
+    SUBFE_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 136u << 1),
+    SUBFIC_OPCODE = (8u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    SUBFME_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 232u << 1),
+    SUBFZE_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 200u << 1),
+    DIVW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 491u << 1),
+    MULLW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 235u << 1),
+    MULHW_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  75u << 1),
+    MULHWU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  11u << 1),
+    MULLI_OPCODE  = (7u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    AND_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  28u << 1),
+    ANDI_OPCODE   = (28u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ANDIS_OPCODE  = (29u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ANDC_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  60u << 1),
+    ORC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 412u << 1),
+    OR_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 444u << 1),
+    ORI_OPCODE    = (24u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    ORIS_OPCODE   = (25u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    XOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 316u << 1),
+    XORI_OPCODE   = (26u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    XORIS_OPCODE  = (27u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    NEG_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 104u << 1),
+
+    RLWINM_OPCODE = (21u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    CLRRWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
+    CLRLWI_OPCODE = RLWINM_OPCODE,
+
+    RLWIMI_OPCODE = (20u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    SLW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  24u << 1),
+    SLWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
+    SRW_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 536u << 1),
+    SRWI_OPCODE   = RLWINM_OPCODE,
+    SRAW_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 792u << 1),
+    SRAWI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 824u << 1),
+
+    CMP_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << 1),
+    CMPI_OPCODE   = (11u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    CMPL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  32u << 1),
+    CMPLI_OPCODE  = (10u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    ISEL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  15u << 1),
+
+    // Special purpose registers
+    MTSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 467u << 1),
+    MFSPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 339u << 1),
+
+    MTXER_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFXER_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MTDSCR_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFDSCR_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MTLR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFLR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MTCTR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFCTR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 9 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    // Attention: Higher and lower half are inserted in reversed order.
+    MTTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 0 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFTFHAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 0 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MTTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFTFIAR_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 1 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MTTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 2 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFTEXASR_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 2 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MTTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFTEXASRU_OPCODE = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 4 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 3 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MTVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MTSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 0 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+    MFVRSAVE_OPCODE  = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 0 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MFTB_OPCODE   = (MFSPR_OPCODE | 8 << SPR_5_9_SHIFT | 12 << SPR_0_4_SHIFT),
+
+    MTCRF_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 144u << 1),
+    MFCR_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 19u << 1),
+    MCRF_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 0u << 1),
+
+    // condition register logic instructions
+    CRAND_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 257u << 1),
+    CRNAND_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 225u << 1),
+    CROR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 449u << 1),
+    CRXOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 193u << 1),
+    CRNOR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  33u << 1),
+    CREQV_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 289u << 1),
+    CRANDC_OPCODE = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 129u << 1),
+    CRORC_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 417u << 1),
+
+    BCLR_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 16u << 1),
+    BXX_OPCODE      = (18u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    BCXX_OPCODE     = (16u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    // CTR-related opcodes
+    BCCTR_OPCODE  = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 528u << 1),
+
+    LWZ_OPCODE   = (32u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LWZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  23u << 1),
+    LWZU_OPCODE  = (33u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LWBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  534 << 1),
+
+    LHA_OPCODE   = (42u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LHAX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 343u << 1),
+    LHAU_OPCODE  = (43u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    LHZ_OPCODE   = (40u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LHZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 279u << 1),
+    LHZU_OPCODE  = (41u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LHBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  790 << 1),
+
+    LBZ_OPCODE   = (34u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    LBZX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  87u << 1),
+    LBZU_OPCODE  = (35u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    STW_OPCODE   = (36u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 151u << 1),
+    STWU_OPCODE  = (37u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STWUX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 183u << 1),
+    STWBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 662u << 1),
+
+    STH_OPCODE   = (44u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 407u << 1),
+    STHU_OPCODE  = (45u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STHBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 918u << 1),
+
+    STB_OPCODE   = (38u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    STBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 215u << 1),
+    STBU_OPCODE  = (39u << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+
+    EXTSB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 954u << 1),
+    EXTSH_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 922u << 1),
+    EXTSW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 986u << 1),               // X-FORM
+
+    // 32 bit opcode encodings
+
+    LWA_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    LWAX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 341u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+
+    CNTLZW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  26u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+
+    // 64 bit opcode encodings
+
+    LD_OPCODE     = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    LDU_OPCODE    = (58u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    LDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+    LDBRX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 532u << 1),              // X-FORM
+
+    STD_OPCODE    = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    STDU_OPCODE   = (62u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_30_31_SHIFT), // DS-FORM
+    STDUX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 181u << 1),              // X-FORM
+    STDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 149u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+    STDBRX_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 660u << 1),              // X-FORM
+
+    RLDICR_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   1u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
+    RLDICL_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   0u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
+    RLDIC_OPCODE  = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   2u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
+    RLDIMI_OPCODE = (30u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   3u << XO_27_29_SHIFT), // MD-FORM
+
+    SRADI_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 413u << XO_21_29_SHIFT), // XS-FORM
+
+    SLD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  27u << 1),              // X-FORM
+    SRD_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 539u << 1),              // X-FORM
+    SRAD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 794u << 1),              // X-FORM
+
+    MULLD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 233u << 1),              // XO-FORM
+    MULHD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  73u << 1),              // XO-FORM
+    MULHDU_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   9u << 1),              // XO-FORM
+    DIVD_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 489u << 1),              // XO-FORM
+
+    CNTLZD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  58u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+    NAND_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 476u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+    NOR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 124u << XO_21_30_SHIFT), // X-FORM
+
+
+    // opcodes only used for floating arithmetic
+    FADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
+    FADDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  21u << 1),
+    FCMPU_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  00u << 1),
+    FDIV_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
+    FDIVS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  18u << 1),
+    FMR_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  72u << 1),
+    // These are special Power6 opcodes, reused for "lfdepx" and "stfdepx"
+    // on Power7.  Do not use.
+    // MFFGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 607u << 1),
+    // MFTGPR_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 735u << 1),
+    CMPB_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  508  << 1),
+    POPCNTB_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  122  << 1),
+    POPCNTW_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  378  << 1),
+    POPCNTD_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  506  << 1),
+    FABS_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u << 1),
+    FNABS_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  136u << 1),
+    FMUL_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
+    FMULS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   25u << 1),
+    FNEG_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u << 1),
+    FSUB_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
+    FSUBS_OPCODE   = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
+
+    // PPC64-internal FPU conversion opcodes
+    FCFID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
+    FCFIDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
+    FCTID_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
+    FCTIDZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  815u << 1),
+    FCTIW_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u << 1),
+    FCTIWZ_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   15u << 1),
+    FRSP_OPCODE    = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u << 1),
+
+    // Fused multiply-accumulate instructions.
+    FMADD_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
+    FMADDS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   29u << 1),
+    FMSUB_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
+    FMSUBS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   28u << 1),
+    FNMADD_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
+    FNMADDS_OPCODE = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   31u << 1),
+    FNMSUB_OPCODE  = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
+    FNMSUBS_OPCODE = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   30u << 1),
+
+    LFD_OPCODE     = (50u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    LFDU_OPCODE    = (51u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    LFDX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  599u << 1),
+    LFS_OPCODE     = (48u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    LFSU_OPCODE    = (49u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    LFSX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  535u << 1),
+
+    STFD_OPCODE    = (54u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    STFDU_OPCODE   = (55u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    STFDX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  727u << 1),
+    STFS_OPCODE    = (52u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    STFSU_OPCODE   = (53u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   00u << 1),
+    STFSX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  663u << 1),
+
+    FSQRT_OPCODE   = (63u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
+    FSQRTS_OPCODE  = (59u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   22u << 1),            // A-FORM
+
+    // Vector instruction support for >= Power6
+    // Vector Storage Access
+    LVEBX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    7u << 1),
+    LVEHX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u << 1),
+    LVEWX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   71u << 1),
+    LVX_OPCODE     = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  103u << 1),
+    LVXL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  359u << 1),
+    STVEBX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  135u << 1),
+    STVEHX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  167u << 1),
+    STVEWX_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  199u << 1),
+    STVX_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  231u << 1),
+    STVXL_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  487u << 1),
+    LVSL_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u << 1),
+    LVSR_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u << 1),
+
+    // Vector-Scalar (VSX) instruction support.
+    LXVD2X_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  844u << 1),
+    STXVD2X_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  972u << 1),
+    MTVSRD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  179u << 1),
+    MTVSRWZ_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  243u << 1),
+    MFVSRD_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   51u << 1),
+    MTVSRWA_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  211u << 1),
+    MFVSRWZ_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  115u << 1),
+    XXPERMDI_OPCODE= (60u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   10u << 3),
+    XXMRGHW_OPCODE = (60u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   18u << 3),
+    XXMRGLW_OPCODE = (60u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   50u << 3),
+
+    // Vector Permute and Formatting
+    VPKPX_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u     ),
+    VPKSHSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  398u     ),
+    VPKSWSS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  462u     ),
+    VPKSHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  270u     ),
+    VPKSWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  334u     ),
+    VPKUHUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   14u     ),
+    VPKUWUM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   78u     ),
+    VPKUHUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  142u     ),
+    VPKUWUS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  206u     ),
+    VUPKHPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u     ),
+    VUPKHSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  526u     ),
+    VUPKHSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  590u     ),
+    VUPKLPX_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  974u     ),
+    VUPKLSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u     ),
+    VUPKLSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u     ),
+
+    VMRGHB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   12u     ),
+    VMRGHW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  140u     ),
+    VMRGHH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   76u     ),
+    VMRGLB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  268u     ),
+    VMRGLW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  396u     ),
+    VMRGLH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  332u     ),
+
+    VSPLT_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  524u     ),
+    VSPLTH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  588u     ),
+    VSPLTW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  652u     ),
+    VSPLTISB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  780u     ),
+    VSPLTISH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  844u     ),
+    VSPLTISW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  908u     ),
+
+    VPERM_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   43u     ),
+    VSEL_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   42u     ),
+
+    VSL_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  452u     ),
+    VSLDOI_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   44u     ),
+    VSLO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1036u     ),
+    VSR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  708u     ),
+    VSRO_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1100u     ),
+
+    // Vector Integer
+    VADDCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  384u     ),
+    VADDSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  832u     ),
+    VADDSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  768u     ),
+    VADDSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  896u     ),
+    VADDUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    0u     ),
+    VADDUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  128u     ),
+    VADDUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   64u     ),
+    VADDUDM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  192u     ),
+    VADDUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  512u     ),
+    VADDUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  640u     ),
+    VADDUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  576u     ),
+    VSUBCUW_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1408u     ),
+    VSUBSHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1856u     ),
+    VSUBSBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1792u     ),
+    VSUBSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1920u     ),
+    VSUBUBM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1024u     ),
+    VSUBUWM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1152u     ),
+    VSUBUHM_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1088u     ),
+    VSUBUBS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1536u     ),
+    VSUBUWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1664u     ),
+    VSUBUHS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1600u     ),
+
+    VMULESB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  776u     ),
+    VMULEUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  520u     ),
+    VMULESH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  840u     ),
+    VMULEUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  584u     ),
+    VMULOSB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  264u     ),
+    VMULOUB_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    8u     ),
+    VMULOSH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  328u     ),
+    VMULOUH_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   72u     ),
+    VMHADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   32u     ),
+    VMHRADDSHS_OPCODE=(4u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   33u     ),
+    VMLADDUHM_OPCODE=(4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   34u     ),
+    VMSUBUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   36u     ),
+    VMSUMMBM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   37u     ),
+    VMSUMSHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   40u     ),
+    VMSUMSHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   41u     ),
+    VMSUMUHM_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   38u     ),
+    VMSUMUHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   39u     ),
+
+    VSUMSWS_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1928u     ),
+    VSUM2SWS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1672u     ),
+    VSUM4SBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1800u     ),
+    VSUM4UBS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1544u     ),
+    VSUM4SHS_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1608u     ),
+
+    VAVGSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1282u     ),
+    VAVGSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1410u     ),
+    VAVGSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1346u     ),
+    VAVGUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1026u     ),
+    VAVGUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1154u     ),
+    VAVGUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1090u     ),
+
+    VMAXSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  258u     ),
+    VMAXSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  386u     ),
+    VMAXSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  322u     ),
+    VMAXUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    2u     ),
+    VMAXUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  130u     ),
+    VMAXUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   66u     ),
+    VMINSB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  770u     ),
+    VMINSW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  898u     ),
+    VMINSH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  834u     ),
+    VMINUB_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  514u     ),
+    VMINUW_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  642u     ),
+    VMINUH_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  578u     ),
+
+    VCMPEQUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    6u     ),
+    VCMPEQUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   70u     ),
+    VCMPEQUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  134u     ),
+    VCMPGTSH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  838u     ),
+    VCMPGTSB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  774u     ),
+    VCMPGTSW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  902u     ),
+    VCMPGTUB_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  518u     ),
+    VCMPGTUH_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  582u     ),
+    VCMPGTUW_OPCODE= (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  646u     ),
+
+    VAND_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1028u     ),
+    VANDC_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1092u     ),
+    VNOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1284u     ),
+    VOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1156u     ),
+    VXOR_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1220u     ),
+    VRLD_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  196u     ),
+    VRLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u     ),
+    VRLW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  132u     ),
+    VRLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u     ),
+    VSLB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  260u     ),
+    VSKW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  388u     ),
+    VSLH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  324u     ),
+    VSRB_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  516u     ),
+    VSRW_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  644u     ),
+    VSRH_OPCODE    = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  580u     ),
+    VSRAB_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  772u     ),
+    VSRAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  900u     ),
+    VSRAH_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |  836u     ),
+
+    // Vector Floating-Point
+    // not implemented yet
+
+    // Vector Status and Control
+    MTVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1604u     ),
+    MFVSCR_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1540u     ),
+
+    // AES (introduced with Power 8)
+    VCIPHER_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1288u),
+    VCIPHERLAST_OPCODE  = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1289u),
+    VNCIPHER_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1352u),
+    VNCIPHERLAST_OPCODE = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1353u),
+    VSBOX_OPCODE        = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1480u),
+
+    // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
+    VSHASIGMAD_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1730u),
+    VSHASIGMAW_OPCODE   = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1666u),
+
+    // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
+    VPMSUMB_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1032u),
+    VPMSUMD_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1224u),
+    VPMSUMH_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1096u),
+    VPMSUMW_OPCODE      = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1160u),
+
+    // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
+    VPERMXOR_OPCODE     = (4u  << OPCODE_SHIFT |   45u),
+
+    // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
+    TBEGIN_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  654u << 1),
+    TEND_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  686u << 1),
+    TABORT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  910u << 1),
+    TABORTWC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  782u << 1),
+    TABORTWCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  846u << 1),
+    TABORTDC_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  814u << 1),
+    TABORTDCI_OPCODE = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  878u << 1),
+    TSR_OPCODE       = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  750u << 1),
+    TCHECK_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  718u << 1),
+
+    // Icache and dcache related instructions
+    DCBA_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  758u << 1),
+    DCBZ_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT | 1014u << 1),
+    DCBST_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   54u << 1),
+    DCBF_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   86u << 1),
+
+    DCBT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  278u << 1),
+    DCBTST_OPCODE  = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  246u << 1),
+    ICBI_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  982u << 1),
+
+    // Instruction synchronization
+    ISYNC_OPCODE   = (19u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
+    // Memory barriers
+    SYNC_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  598u << 1),
+    EIEIO_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  854u << 1),
+
+    // Wait instructions for polling.
+    WAIT_OPCODE    = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   62u << 1),
+
+    // Trap instructions
+    TDI_OPCODE     = (2u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    TWI_OPCODE     = (3u  << OPCODE_SHIFT),
+    TD_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   68u << 1),
+    TW_OPCODE      = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |    4u << 1),
+
+    // Atomics.
+    LBARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   52u << 1),
+    LHARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  116u << 1),
+    LWARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   20u << 1),
+    LDARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |   84u << 1),
+    LQARX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  276u << 1),
+    STBCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  694u << 1),
+    STHCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  726u << 1),
+    STWCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  150u << 1),
+    STDCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  214u << 1),
+    STQCX_OPCODE   = (31u << OPCODE_SHIFT |  182u << 1)
+
+  };
+
+  // Trap instructions TO bits
+  enum trap_to_bits {
+    // single bits
+    traptoLessThanSigned      = 1 << 4, // 0, left end
+    traptoGreaterThanSigned   = 1 << 3,
+    traptoEqual               = 1 << 2,
+    traptoLessThanUnsigned    = 1 << 1,
+    traptoGreaterThanUnsigned = 1 << 0, // 4, right end
+
+    // compound ones
+    traptoUnconditional       = (traptoLessThanSigned |
+                                 traptoGreaterThanSigned |
+                                 traptoEqual |
+                                 traptoLessThanUnsigned |
+                                 traptoGreaterThanUnsigned)
+  };
+
+  // Branch hints BH field
+  enum branch_hint_bh {
+    // bclr cases:
+    bhintbhBCLRisReturn            = 0,
+    bhintbhBCLRisNotReturnButSame  = 1,
+    bhintbhBCLRisNotPredictable    = 3,
+
+    // bcctr cases:
+    bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame = 0,
+    bhintbhBCCTRisNotPredictable   = 3
+  };
+
+  // Branch prediction hints AT field
+  enum branch_hint_at {
+    bhintatNoHint     = 0,  // at=00
+    bhintatIsNotTaken = 2,  // at=10
+    bhintatIsTaken    = 3   // at=11
+  };
+
+  // Branch prediction hints
+  enum branch_hint_concept {
+    // Use the same encoding as branch_hint_at to simply code.
+    bhintNoHint       = bhintatNoHint,
+    bhintIsNotTaken   = bhintatIsNotTaken,
+    bhintIsTaken      = bhintatIsTaken
+  };
+
+  // Used in BO field of branch instruction.
+  enum branch_condition {
+    bcondCRbiIs0      =  4, // bo=001at
+    bcondCRbiIs1      = 12, // bo=011at
+    bcondAlways       = 20  // bo=10100
+  };
+
+  // Branch condition with combined prediction hints.
+  enum branch_condition_with_hint {
+    bcondCRbiIs0_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatNoHint,
+    bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
+    bcondCRbiIs0_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs0 | bhintatIsTaken,
+    bcondCRbiIs1_bhintNoHint     = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatNoHint,
+    bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsNotTaken = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsNotTaken,
+    bcondCRbiIs1_bhintIsTaken    = bcondCRbiIs1 | bhintatIsTaken,
+  };
+
+  // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
+  enum Elemental_Membar_mask_bits {
+    StoreStore = 1 << 0,
+    StoreLoad  = 1 << 1,
+    LoadStore  = 1 << 2,
+    LoadLoad   = 1 << 3
+  };
+
+  // Branch prediction hints.
+  inline static int add_bhint_to_boint(const int bhint, const int boint) {
+    switch (boint) {
+      case bcondCRbiIs0:
+      case bcondCRbiIs1:
+        // branch_hint and branch_hint_at have same encodings
+        assert(   (int)bhintNoHint     == (int)bhintatNoHint
+               && (int)bhintIsNotTaken == (int)bhintatIsNotTaken
+               && (int)bhintIsTaken    == (int)bhintatIsTaken,
+               "wrong encodings");
+        assert((bhint & 0x03) == bhint, "wrong encodings");
+        return (boint & ~0x03) | bhint;
+      case bcondAlways:
+        // no branch_hint
+        return boint;
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Extract bcond from boint.
+  inline static int inv_boint_bcond(const int boint) {
+    int r_bcond = boint & ~0x03;
+    assert(r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs0 ||
+           r_bcond == bcondCRbiIs1 ||
+           r_bcond == bcondAlways,
+           "bad branch condition");
+    return r_bcond;
+  }
+
+  // Extract bhint from boint.
+  inline static int inv_boint_bhint(const int boint) {
+    int r_bhint = boint & 0x03;
+    assert(r_bhint == bhintatNoHint ||
+           r_bhint == bhintatIsNotTaken ||
+           r_bhint == bhintatIsTaken,
+           "bad branch hint");
+    return r_bhint;
+  }
+
+  // Calculate opposite of given bcond.
+  inline static int opposite_bcond(const int bcond) {
+    switch (bcond) {
+      case bcondCRbiIs0:
+        return bcondCRbiIs1;
+      case bcondCRbiIs1:
+        return bcondCRbiIs0;
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Calculate opposite of given bhint.
+  inline static int opposite_bhint(const int bhint) {
+    switch (bhint) {
+      case bhintatNoHint:
+        return bhintatNoHint;
+      case bhintatIsNotTaken:
+        return bhintatIsTaken;
+      case bhintatIsTaken:
+        return bhintatIsNotTaken;
+      default:
+        ShouldNotReachHere();
+        return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // PPC branch instructions
+  enum ppcops {
+    b_op    = 18,
+    bc_op   = 16,
+    bcr_op  = 19
+  };
+
+  enum Condition {
+    negative         = 0,
+    less             = 0,
+    positive         = 1,
+    greater          = 1,
+    zero             = 2,
+    equal            = 2,
+    summary_overflow = 3,
+  };
+
+ public:
+  // Helper functions for groups of instructions
+
+  enum Predict { pt = 1, pn = 0 }; // pt = predict taken
+
+  // Instruction must start at passed address.
+  static int instr_len(unsigned char *instr) { return BytesPerInstWord; }
+
+  // longest instructions
+  static int instr_maxlen() { return BytesPerInstWord; }
+
+  // Test if x is within signed immediate range for nbits.
+  static bool is_simm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
+    assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
+    const int   min      = -(((int)1) << nbits-1);
+    const int   maxplus1 =  (((int)1) << nbits-1);
+    return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
+  }
+
+  static bool is_simm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
+    assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
+    const jlong min      = -(((jlong)1) << nbits-1);
+    const jlong maxplus1 =  (((jlong)1) << nbits-1);
+    return min <= x && x < maxplus1;
+  }
+
+  // Test if x is within unsigned immediate range for nbits.
+  static bool is_uimm(int x, unsigned int nbits) {
+    assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 32, "out of bounds");
+    const unsigned int maxplus1 = (((unsigned int)1) << nbits);
+    return (unsigned int)x < maxplus1;
+  }
+
+  static bool is_uimm(jlong x, unsigned int nbits) {
+    assert(0 < nbits && nbits < 64, "out of bounds");
+    const julong maxplus1 = (((julong)1) << nbits);
+    return (julong)x < maxplus1;
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  // helpers
+
+  // X is supposed to fit in a field "nbits" wide
+  // and be sign-extended. Check the range.
+  static void assert_signed_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
+    assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
+           "value out of range");
+  }
+
+  static void assert_signed_word_disp_range(intptr_t x, int nbits) {
+    assert((x & 3) == 0, "not word aligned");
+    assert_signed_range(x, nbits + 2);
+  }
+
+  static void assert_unsigned_const(int x, int nbits) {
+    assert(juint(x) < juint(1 << nbits), "unsigned constant out of range");
+  }
+
+  static int fmask(juint hi_bit, juint lo_bit) {
+    assert(hi_bit >= lo_bit && hi_bit < 32, "bad bits");
+    return (1 << ( hi_bit-lo_bit + 1 )) - 1;
+  }
+
+  // inverse of u_field
+  static int inv_u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
+    juint r = juint(x) >> lo_bit;
+    r &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
+    return int(r);
+  }
+
+  // signed version: extract from field and sign-extend
+  static int inv_s_field_ppc(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
+    x = x << (31-hi_bit);
+    x = x >> (31-hi_bit+lo_bit);
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  static int u_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
+    assert((x & ~fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit)) == 0, "value out of range");
+    int r = x << lo_bit;
+    assert(inv_u_field(r, hi_bit, lo_bit) == x, "just checking");
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  // Same as u_field for signed values
+  static int s_field(int x, int hi_bit, int lo_bit) {
+    int nbits = hi_bit - lo_bit + 1;
+    assert(nbits == 32 || (-(1 << nbits-1) <= x && x < (1 << nbits-1)),
+      "value out of range");
+    x &= fmask(hi_bit, lo_bit);
+    int r = x << lo_bit;
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  // inv_op for ppc instructions
+  static int inv_op_ppc(int x) { return inv_u_field(x, 31, 26); }
+
+  // Determine target address from li, bd field of branch instruction.
+  static intptr_t inv_li_field(int x) {
+    intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 25, 2);
+    r = (r << 2);
+    return r;
+  }
+  static intptr_t inv_bd_field(int x, intptr_t pos) {
+    intptr_t r = inv_s_field_ppc(x, 15, 2);
+    r = (r << 2) + pos;
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  #define inv_opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
+  #define inv_opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) inv_s_field_ppc(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
+  // Extract instruction fields from instruction words.
+ public:
+  static int inv_ra_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
+  static int inv_rb_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 20, 16); }
+  static int inv_rt_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
+  static int inv_rta_field(int x) { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
+  static int inv_rs_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
+  // Ds uses opp_s_field(x, 31, 16), but lowest 2 bits must be 0.
+  // Inv_ds_field uses range (x, 29, 16) but shifts by 2 to ensure that lowest bits are 0.
+  static int inv_ds_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 29, 16) << 2; }
+  static int inv_d1_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
+  static int inv_si_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
+  static int inv_to_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10, 6);  }
+  static int inv_lk_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 31, 31); }
+  static int inv_bo_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 10,  6); }
+  static int inv_bi_field(int x)  { return inv_opp_u_field(x, 15, 11); }
+
+  #define opp_u_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) u_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
+  #define opp_s_field(x, hi_bit, lo_bit) s_field(x, 31-(lo_bit), 31-(hi_bit))
+
+  // instruction fields
+  static int aa(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
+  static int ba(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
+  static int bb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  static int bc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
+  static int bd(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29, 16); }
+  static int bf( ConditionRegister cr) { return  bf(cr->encoding()); }
+  static int bf(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              8,  6); }
+  static int bfa(ConditionRegister cr) { return  bfa(cr->encoding()); }
+  static int bfa(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             13, 11); }
+  static int bh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 19); }
+  static int bi(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
+  static int bi0(ConditionRegister cr, Condition c) { return (cr->encoding() << 2) | c; }
+  static int bo(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int bt(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int d1(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
+  static int ds(       int         x)  { assert((x & 0x3) == 0, "unaligned offset"); return opp_s_field(x, 31, 16); }
+  static int eh(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
+  static int flm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             14,  7); }
+  static int fra(    FloatRegister r)  { return  fra(r->encoding());}
+  static int frb(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frb(r->encoding());}
+  static int frc(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frc(r->encoding());}
+  static int frs(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frs(r->encoding());}
+  static int frt(    FloatRegister r)  { return  frt(r->encoding());}
+  static int fra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
+  static int frb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  static int frc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
+  static int frs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int frt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int fxm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 12); }
+  static int l10(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10, 10); }
+  static int l15(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 15); }
+  static int l910(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  9); }
+  static int e1215(    int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
+  static int lev(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             26, 20); }
+  static int li(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             29,  6); }
+  static int lk(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
+  static int mb2125(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
+  static int me2630(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }
+  static int mb2126(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(((x & 0x1f) << 1) | ((x & 0x20) >> 5), 26, 21); }
+  static int me2126(   int         x)  { return  mb2126(x); }
+  static int nb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  //static int opcd(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,              5,  0); } // is contained in our opcodes
+  static int oe(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); }
+  static int ra(       Register    r)  { return  ra(r->encoding()); }
+  static int ra(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
+  static int rb(       Register    r)  { return  rb(r->encoding()); }
+  static int rb(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  static int rc(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 31); }
+  static int rs(       Register    r)  { return  rs(r->encoding()); }
+  static int rs(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  // we don't want to use R0 in memory accesses, because it has value `0' then
+  static int ra0mem(   Register    r)  { assert(r != R0, "cannot use register R0 in memory access"); return ra(r); }
+  static int ra0mem(   int         x)  { assert(x != 0,  "cannot use register 0 in memory access");  return ra(x); }
+
+  // register r is target
+  static int rt(       Register    r)  { return rs(r); }
+  static int rt(       int         x)  { return rs(x); }
+  static int rta(      Register    r)  { return ra(r); }
+  static int rta0mem(  Register    r)  { rta(r); return ra0mem(r); }
+
+  static int sh1620(   int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  static int sh30(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 30); }
+  static int sh162030( int         x)  { return  sh1620(x & 0x1f) | sh30((x & 0x20) >> 5); }
+  static int si(       int         x)  { return  opp_s_field(x,             31, 16); }
+  static int spr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
+  static int sr(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); }
+  static int tbr(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 11); }
+  static int th(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  7); }
+  static int thct(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 0, "must be valid cache specification");  return th(x); }
+  static int thds(     int         x)  { assert((x&8) == 8, "must be valid stream specification"); return th(x); }
+  static int to(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int u(        int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             19, 16); }
+  static int ui(       int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 16); }
+
+  // Support vector instructions for >= Power6.
+  static int vra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); }
+  static int vrb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 16); }
+  static int vrc(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 21); }
+  static int vrs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+  static int vrt(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             10,  6); }
+
+  static int vra(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vra(r->encoding());}
+  static int vrb(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrb(r->encoding());}
+  static int vrc(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrc(r->encoding());}
+  static int vrs(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrs(r->encoding());}
+  static int vrt(   VectorRegister r)  { return  vrt(r->encoding());}
+
+  // Only used on SHA sigma instructions (VX-form)
+  static int vst(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             16, 16); }
+  static int vsix(     int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             20, 17); }
+
+  // Support Vector-Scalar (VSX) instructions.
+  static int vsra(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x & 0x1F,     15, 11) | opp_u_field((x & 0x20) >> 5, 29, 29); }
+  static int vsrb(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x & 0x1F,     20, 16) | opp_u_field((x & 0x20) >> 5, 30, 30); }
+  static int vsrs(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x & 0x1F,     10,  6) | opp_u_field((x & 0x20) >> 5, 31, 31); }
+  static int vsrt(      int         x)  { return  vsrs(x); }
+  static int vsdm(      int         x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,            23, 22); }
+
+  static int vsra(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsra(r->encoding());}
+  static int vsrb(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrb(r->encoding());}
+  static int vsrs(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrs(r->encoding());}
+  static int vsrt(   VectorSRegister r)  { return  vsrt(r->encoding());}
+
+  static int vsplt_uim( int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 12); } // for vsplt* instructions
+  static int vsplti_sim(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             15, 11); } // for vsplti* instructions
+  static int vsldoi_shb(int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             25, 22); } // for vsldoi instruction
+  static int vcmp_rc(   int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             21, 21); } // for vcmp* instructions
+
+  //static int xo1(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo2(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 21); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo3(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 22); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo4(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 26); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo5(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             29, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo6(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             30, 27); }// is contained in our opcodes
+  //static int xo7(     int        x)  { return  opp_u_field(x,             31, 30); }// is contained in our opcodes
+
+ protected:
+  // Compute relative address for branch.
+  static intptr_t disp(intptr_t x, intptr_t off) {
+    int xx = x - off;
+    xx = xx >> 2;
+    return xx;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  // signed immediate, in low bits, nbits long
+  static int simm(int x, int nbits) {
+    assert_signed_range(x, nbits);
+    return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
+  }
+
+  // unsigned immediate, in low bits, nbits long
+  static int uimm(int x, int nbits) {
+    assert_unsigned_const(x, nbits);
+    return x & ((1 << nbits) - 1);
+  }
+
+  static void set_imm(int* instr, short s) {
+    // imm is always in the lower 16 bits of the instruction,
+    // so this is endian-neutral. Same for the get_imm below.
+    uint32_t w = *(uint32_t *)instr;
+    *instr = (int)((w & ~0x0000FFFF) | (s & 0x0000FFFF));
+  }
+
+  static int get_imm(address a, int instruction_number) {
+    return (short)((int *)a)[instruction_number];
+  }
+
+  static inline int hi16_signed(  int x) { return (int)(int16_t)(x >> 16); }
+  static inline int lo16_unsigned(int x) { return x & 0xffff; }
+
+ protected:
+
+  // Extract the top 32 bits in a 64 bit word.
+  static int32_t hi32(int64_t x) {
+    int32_t r = int32_t((uint64_t)x >> 32);
+    return r;
+  }
+
+ public:
+
+  static inline unsigned int align_addr(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
+    return ((addr + (a - 1)) & ~(a - 1));
+  }
+
+  static inline bool is_aligned(unsigned int addr, unsigned int a) {
+    return (0 == addr % a);
+  }
+
+  void flush() {
+    AbstractAssembler::flush();
+  }
+
+  inline void emit_int32(int);  // shadows AbstractAssembler::emit_int32
+  inline void emit_data(int);
+  inline void emit_data(int, RelocationHolder const&);
+  inline void emit_data(int, relocInfo::relocType rtype);
+
+  // Emit an address.
+  inline address emit_addr(const address addr = NULL);
+
+#if !defined(ABI_ELFv2)
+  // Emit a function descriptor with the specified entry point, TOC,
+  // and ENV. If the entry point is NULL, the descriptor will point
+  // just past the descriptor.
+  // Use values from friend functions as defaults.
+  inline address emit_fd(address entry = NULL,
+                         address toc = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_toc,
+                         address env = (address) FunctionDescriptor::friend_env);
+#endif
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // PPC instructions
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // Memory instructions use r0 as hard coded 0, e.g. to simulate loading
+  // immediates. The normal instruction encoders enforce that r0 is not
+  // passed to them. Use either extended mnemonics encoders or the special ra0
+  // versions.
+
+  // Issue an illegal instruction.
+  inline void illtrap();
+  static inline bool is_illtrap(int x);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.8, Fixed-Point Arithmetic Instructions
+  inline void addi( Register d, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void addis(Register d, Register a, int si16);
+ private:
+  inline void addi_r0ok( Register d, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void addis_r0ok(Register d, Register a, int si16);
+ public:
+  inline void addic_( Register d, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void subfic( Register d, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void add(    Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void add_(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subf(   Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = b - a    "Sub_from", as in ppc spec.
+  inline void sub(    Register d, Register a, Register b);  // d = a - b    Swap operands of subf for readability.
+  inline void subf_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addc(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addc_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfc(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfc_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void adde(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void adde_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfe(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfe_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addme(  Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addme_( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfme( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfme_(Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addze(  Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addze_( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfze( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfze_(Register d, Register a);
+  inline void neg(    Register d, Register a);
+  inline void neg_(   Register d, Register a);
+  inline void mulli(  Register d, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void mulld(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulld_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mullw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mullw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhw(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhw_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhwu( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhwu_(Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhd(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhd_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhdu( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulhdu_(Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divd(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divd_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divw(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divw_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+
+  // Fixed-Point Arithmetic Instructions with Overflow detection
+  inline void addo(    Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addo_(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfo(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfo_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addco(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addco_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfco(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfco_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addeo(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addeo_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfeo(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void subfeo_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void addmeo(  Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addmeo_( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfmeo( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfmeo_(Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addzeo(  Register d, Register a);
+  inline void addzeo_( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfzeo( Register d, Register a);
+  inline void subfzeo_(Register d, Register a);
+  inline void nego(    Register d, Register a);
+  inline void nego_(   Register d, Register a);
+  inline void mulldo(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mulldo_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mullwo(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mullwo_( Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divdo(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divdo_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divwo(   Register d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void divwo_(  Register d, Register a, Register b);
+
+  // extended mnemonics
+  inline void li(   Register d, int si16);
+  inline void lis(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void addir(Register d, int si16, Register a);
+
+  static bool is_addi(int x) {
+     return ADDI_OPCODE == (x & ADDI_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_addis(int x) {
+     return ADDIS_OPCODE == (x & ADDIS_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_bxx(int x) {
+     return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_b(int x) {
+     return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 0;
+  }
+  static bool is_bl(int x) {
+     return BXX_OPCODE == (x & BXX_OPCODE_MASK) && inv_lk_field(x) == 1;
+  }
+  static bool is_bcxx(int x) {
+     return BCXX_OPCODE == (x & BCXX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_bxx_or_bcxx(int x) {
+     return is_bxx(x) || is_bcxx(x);
+  }
+  static bool is_bctrl(int x) {
+     return x == 0x4e800421;
+  }
+  static bool is_bctr(int x) {
+     return x == 0x4e800420;
+  }
+  static bool is_bclr(int x) {
+     return BCLR_OPCODE == (x & XL_FORM_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_li(int x) {
+     return is_addi(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
+  }
+  static bool is_lis(int x) {
+     return is_addis(x) && inv_ra_field(x)==0;
+  }
+  static bool is_mtctr(int x) {
+     return MTCTR_OPCODE == (x & MTCTR_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_ld(int x) {
+     return LD_OPCODE == (x & LD_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_std(int x) {
+     return STD_OPCODE == (x & STD_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stdu(int x) {
+     return STDU_OPCODE == (x & STDU_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stdx(int x) {
+     return STDX_OPCODE == (x & STDX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stdux(int x) {
+     return STDUX_OPCODE == (x & STDUX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stwx(int x) {
+     return STWX_OPCODE == (x & STWX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stwux(int x) {
+     return STWUX_OPCODE == (x & STWUX_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stw(int x) {
+     return STW_OPCODE == (x & STW_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_stwu(int x) {
+     return STWU_OPCODE == (x & STWU_OPCODE_MASK);
+  }
+  static bool is_ori(int x) {
+     return ORI_OPCODE == (x & ORI_OPCODE_MASK);
+  };
+  static bool is_oris(int x) {
+     return ORIS_OPCODE == (x & ORIS_OPCODE_MASK);
+  };
+  static bool is_rldicr(int x) {
+     return (RLDICR_OPCODE == (x & RLDICR_OPCODE_MASK));
+  };
+  static bool is_nop(int x) {
+    return x == 0x60000000;
+  }
+  // endgroup opcode for Power6
+  static bool is_endgroup(int x) {
+    return is_ori(x) && inv_ra_field(x) == 1 && inv_rs_field(x) == 1 && inv_d1_field(x) == 0;
+  }
+
+
+ private:
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.9, Fixed-Point Compare Instructions
+  inline void cmpi( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void cmp(  ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void cmpli(ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, int ui16);
+  inline void cmpl( ConditionRegister bf, int l, Register a, Register b);
+
+ public:
+  // extended mnemonics of Compare Instructions
+  inline void cmpwi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void cmpdi( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void cmpw(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void cmpd(  ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void cmplwi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
+  inline void cmpldi(ConditionRegister crx, Register a, int ui16);
+  inline void cmplw( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void cmpld( ConditionRegister crx, Register a, Register b);
+
+  inline void isel(   Register d, Register a, Register b, int bc);
+  // Convenient version which takes: Condition register, Condition code and invert flag. Omit b to keep old value.
+  inline void isel(   Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, bool inv, Register a, Register b = noreg);
+  // Set d = 0 if (cr.cc) equals 1, otherwise b.
+  inline void isel_0( Register d, ConditionRegister cr, Condition cc, Register b = noreg);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.11, Fixed-Point Logical Instructions
+         void andi(   Register a, Register s, long ui16);   // optimized version
+  inline void andi_(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void andis_( Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void ori(    Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void oris(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void xori(   Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void xoris(  Register a, Register s, int ui16);
+  inline void andr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'and' is C++ keyword
+  inline void and_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  // Turn or0(rx,rx,rx) into a nop and avoid that we accidently emit a
+  // SMT-priority change instruction (see SMT instructions below).
+  inline void or_unchecked(Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void orr(    Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'or' is C++ keyword
+  inline void or_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void xorr(   Register a, Register s, Register b);  // suffixed by 'r' as 'xor' is C++ keyword
+  inline void xor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void nand(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void nand_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void nor(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void nor_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void andc(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void andc_(  Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void orc(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void orc_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void extsb(  Register a, Register s);
+  inline void extsb_( Register a, Register s);
+  inline void extsh(  Register a, Register s);
+  inline void extsh_( Register a, Register s);
+  inline void extsw(  Register a, Register s);
+  inline void extsw_( Register a, Register s);
+
+  // extended mnemonics
+  inline void nop();
+  // NOP for FP and BR units (different versions to allow them to be in one group)
+  inline void fpnop0();
+  inline void fpnop1();
+  inline void brnop0();
+  inline void brnop1();
+  inline void brnop2();
+
+  inline void mr(      Register d, Register s);
+  inline void ori_opt( Register d, int ui16);
+  inline void oris_opt(Register d, int ui16);
+
+  // endgroup opcode for Power6
+  inline void endgroup();
+
+  // count instructions
+  inline void cntlzw(  Register a, Register s);
+  inline void cntlzw_( Register a, Register s);
+  inline void cntlzd(  Register a, Register s);
+  inline void cntlzd_( Register a, Register s);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.12, Fixed-Point Rotate and Shift Instructions
+  inline void sld(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void sld_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void slw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void slw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srd(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srd_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srw(     Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srw_(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srad(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void srad_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void sraw(    Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void sraw_(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void sradi(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void sradi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void srawi(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+  inline void srawi_(  Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+
+  // extended mnemonics for Shift Instructions
+  inline void sldi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void sldi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void slwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+  inline void slwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+  inline void srdi(    Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void srdi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh6);
+  inline void srwi(    Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+  inline void srwi_(   Register a, Register s, int sh5);
+
+  inline void clrrdi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
+  inline void clrrdi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
+  inline void clrldi(  Register a, Register s, int ui6);
+  inline void clrldi_( Register a, Register s, int ui6);
+  inline void clrlsldi(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
+  inline void clrlsldi_(Register a, Register s, int clrl6, int shl6);
+  inline void extrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n, int b);
+  // testbit with condition register
+  inline void testbitdi(ConditionRegister cr, Register a, Register s, int ui6);
+
+  // rotate instructions
+  inline void rotldi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
+  inline void rotrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
+  inline void rotlwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
+  inline void rotrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n);
+
+  // Rotate Instructions
+  inline void rldic(   Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldic_(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldicr(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldicr_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldicl(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldicl_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rlwinm(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
+  inline void rlwinm_( Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
+  inline void rldimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rldimi_( Register a, Register s, int sh6, int mb6);
+  inline void rlwimi(  Register a, Register s, int sh5, int mb5, int me5);
+  inline void insrdi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
+  inline void insrwi(  Register a, Register s, int n,   int b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.2 Fixed-Point Load Instructions
+  // 4 bytes
+  inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void lwzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 4 bytes
+  inline void lwax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 4 bytes reversed
+  inline void lwbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  // 2 bytes
+  inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void lhzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 2 bytes reversed
+  inline void lhbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  // 2 bytes
+  inline void lhax( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lha(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void lhau( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 1 byte
+  inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void lbzu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 8 bytes
+  inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void ld(   Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void ldu(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  // 8 bytes reversed
+  inline void ldbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  // For convenience. Load pointer into d from b+s1.
+  inline void ld_ptr(Register d, int b, Register s1);
+  DEBUG_ONLY(inline void ld_ptr(Register d, ByteSize b, Register s1);)
+
+  //  PPC 1, section 3.3.3 Fixed-Point Store Instructions
+  inline void stwx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stw(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void stwu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void stwbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  inline void sthx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void sth(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void sthu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void sthbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  inline void stbx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stb(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void stbu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+
+  inline void stdx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void std(  Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void stdu( Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  inline void stdux(Register s, Register a,  Register b);
+  inline void stdbrx( Register d, Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  inline void st_ptr(Register d, int si16,    Register s1);
+  DEBUG_ONLY(inline void st_ptr(Register d, ByteSize b, Register s1);)
+
+  // PPC 1, section 3.3.13 Move To/From System Register Instructions
+  inline void mtlr( Register s1);
+  inline void mflr( Register d);
+  inline void mtctr(Register s1);
+  inline void mfctr(Register d);
+  inline void mtcrf(int fxm, Register s);
+  inline void mfcr( Register d);
+  inline void mcrf( ConditionRegister crd, ConditionRegister cra);
+  inline void mtcr( Register s);
+
+  // Special purpose registers
+  // Exception Register
+  inline void mtxer(Register s1);
+  inline void mfxer(Register d);
+  // Vector Register Save Register
+  inline void mtvrsave(Register s1);
+  inline void mfvrsave(Register d);
+  // Timebase
+  inline void mftb(Register d);
+  // Introduced with Power 8:
+  // Data Stream Control Register
+  inline void mtdscr(Register s1);
+  inline void mfdscr(Register d );
+  // Transactional Memory Registers
+  inline void mftfhar(Register d);
+  inline void mftfiar(Register d);
+  inline void mftexasr(Register d);
+  inline void mftexasru(Register d);
+
+  // TEXASR bit description
+  enum transaction_failure_reason {
+    // Upper half (TEXASRU):
+    tm_failure_persistent =  7, // The failure is likely to recur on each execution.
+    tm_disallowed         =  8, // The instruction is not permitted.
+    tm_nesting_of         =  9, // The maximum transaction level was exceeded.
+    tm_footprint_of       = 10, // The tracking limit for transactional storage accesses was exceeded.
+    tm_self_induced_cf    = 11, // A self-induced conflict occurred in Suspended state.
+    tm_non_trans_cf       = 12, // A conflict occurred with a non-transactional access by another processor.
+    tm_trans_cf           = 13, // A conflict occurred with another transaction.
+    tm_translation_cf     = 14, // A conflict occurred with a TLB invalidation.
+    tm_inst_fetch_cf      = 16, // An instruction fetch was performed from a block that was previously written transactionally.
+    tm_tabort             = 31, // Termination was caused by the execution of an abort instruction.
+    // Lower half:
+    tm_suspended          = 32, // Failure was recorded in Suspended state.
+    tm_failure_summary    = 36, // Failure has been detected and recorded.
+    tm_tfiar_exact        = 37, // Value in the TFIAR is exact.
+    tm_rot                = 38, // Rollback-only transaction.
+  };
+
+  // PPC 1, section 2.4.1 Branch Instructions
+  inline void b(  address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void b(  Label& L);
+  inline void bl( address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bl( Label& L);
+  inline void bc( int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bc( int boint, int biint, Label& L);
+  inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, address a, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bcl(int boint, int biint, Label& L);
+
+  inline void bclr(  int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bclrl( int boint, int biint, int bhint, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bcctr( int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCCTRisNotReturnButSame,
+                         relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bcctrl(int boint, int biint, int bhint = bhintbhBCLRisReturn,
+                         relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+
+  // helper function for b, bcxx
+  inline bool is_within_range_of_b(address a, address pc);
+  inline bool is_within_range_of_bcxx(address a, address pc);
+
+  // get the destination of a bxx branch (b, bl, ba, bla)
+  static inline address  bxx_destination(address baddr);
+  static inline address  bxx_destination(int instr, address pc);
+  static inline intptr_t bxx_destination_offset(int instr, intptr_t bxx_pos);
+
+  // extended mnemonics for branch instructions
+  inline void blt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bgt(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void beq(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bso(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bge(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void ble(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bne(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bns(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+
+  // Branch instructions with static prediction hints.
+  inline void blt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bgt_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void beq_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bso_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bge_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void ble_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bne_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bns_predict_taken(    ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void blt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bgt_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void beq_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bso_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bge_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void ble_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bne_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bns_predict_not_taken(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+
+  // for use in conjunction with testbitdi:
+  inline void btrue( ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bfalse(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+
+  inline void bltl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bgtl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void beql(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bsol(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bgel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void blel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bnel(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+  inline void bnsl(ConditionRegister crx, Label& L);
+
+  // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions via LR
+  // We use `blr' for returns.
+  inline void blr(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+
+  // extended mnemonics for Branch Instructions with CTR
+  // bdnz means `decrement CTR and jump to L if CTR is not zero'
+  inline void bdnz(Label& L);
+  // Decrement and branch if result is zero.
+  inline void bdz(Label& L);
+  // we use `bctr[l]' for jumps/calls in function descriptor glue
+  // code, e.g. calls to runtime functions
+  inline void bctr( relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bctrl(relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  // conditional jumps/branches via CTR
+  inline void beqctr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void beqctrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bnectr( ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+  inline void bnectrl(ConditionRegister crx, relocInfo::relocType rt = relocInfo::none);
+
+  // condition register logic instructions
+  // NOTE: There's a preferred form: d and s2 should point into the same condition register.
+  inline void crand( int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void crnand(int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void cror(  int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void crxor( int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void crnor( int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void creqv( int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void crandc(int d, int s1, int s2);
+  inline void crorc( int d, int s1, int s2);
+
+  // More convenient version.
+  int condition_register_bit(ConditionRegister cr, Condition c) {
+    return 4 * (int)(intptr_t)cr + c;
+  }
+  void crand( ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void crnand(ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void cror(  ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void crxor( ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void crnor( ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void creqv( ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void crandc(ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+  void crorc( ConditionRegister crdst, Condition cdst, ConditionRegister crsrc, Condition csrc);
+
+  // icache and dcache related instructions
+  inline void icbi(  Register s1, Register s2);
+  //inline void dcba(Register s1, Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
+  inline void dcbz(  Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void dcbst( Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void dcbf(  Register s1, Register s2);
+
+  enum ct_cache_specification {
+    ct_primary_cache   = 0,
+    ct_secondary_cache = 2
+  };
+  // dcache read hint
+  inline void dcbt(    Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void dcbtct(  Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
+  inline void dcbtds(  Register s1, Register s2, int ds);
+  // dcache write hint
+  inline void dcbtst(  Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void dcbtstct(Register s1, Register s2, int ct);
+
+  //  machine barrier instructions:
+  //
+  //  - sync    two-way memory barrier, aka fence
+  //  - lwsync  orders  Store|Store,
+  //                     Load|Store,
+  //                     Load|Load,
+  //            but not Store|Load
+  //  - eieio   orders memory accesses for device memory (only)
+  //  - isync   invalidates speculatively executed instructions
+  //            From the Power ISA 2.06 documentation:
+  //             "[...] an isync instruction prevents the execution of
+  //            instructions following the isync until instructions
+  //            preceding the isync have completed, [...]"
+  //            From IBM's AIX assembler reference:
+  //             "The isync [...] instructions causes the processor to
+  //            refetch any instructions that might have been fetched
+  //            prior to the isync instruction. The instruction isync
+  //            causes the processor to wait for all previous instructions
+  //            to complete. Then any instructions already fetched are
+  //            discarded and instruction processing continues in the
+  //            environment established by the previous instructions."
+  //
+  //  semantic barrier instructions:
+  //  (as defined in orderAccess.hpp)
+  //
+  //  - release  orders Store|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
+  //                     Load|Store
+  //  - acquire  orders  Load|Store,       (maps to lwsync)
+  //                     Load|Load
+  //  - fence    orders Store|Store,       (maps to sync)
+  //                     Load|Store,
+  //                     Load|Load,
+  //                    Store|Load
+  //
+ private:
+  inline void sync(int l);
+ public:
+  inline void sync();
+  inline void lwsync();
+  inline void ptesync();
+  inline void eieio();
+  inline void isync();
+  inline void elemental_membar(int e); // Elemental Memory Barriers (>=Power 8)
+
+  // Wait instructions for polling. Attention: May result in SIGILL.
+  inline void wait();
+  inline void waitrsv(); // >=Power7
+
+  // atomics
+  inline void lbarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0); // >=Power 8
+  inline void lharx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0); // >=Power 8
+  inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
+  inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0);
+  inline void lqarx_unchecked(Register d, Register a, Register b, int eh1 = 0); // >=Power 8
+  inline bool lxarx_hint_exclusive_access();
+  inline void lbarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
+  inline void lharx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
+  inline void lwarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
+  inline void ldarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
+  inline void lqarx(  Register d, Register a, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access = false);
+  inline void stbcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void sthcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void stwcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void stdcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void stqcx_( Register s, Register a, Register b);
+
+  // Instructions for adjusting thread priority for simultaneous
+  // multithreading (SMT) on Power5.
+ private:
+  inline void smt_prio_very_low();
+  inline void smt_prio_medium_high();
+  inline void smt_prio_high();
+
+ public:
+  inline void smt_prio_low();
+  inline void smt_prio_medium_low();
+  inline void smt_prio_medium();
+  // >= Power7
+  inline void smt_yield();
+  inline void smt_mdoio();
+  inline void smt_mdoom();
+  // >= Power8
+  inline void smt_miso();
+
+  // trap instructions
+  inline void twi_0(Register a); // for load with acquire semantics use load+twi_0+isync (trap can't occur)
+  // NOT FOR DIRECT USE!!
+ protected:
+  inline void tdi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void twi_unchecked(int tobits, Register a, int si16);
+  inline void tdi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
+  inline void twi(          int tobits, Register a, int si16);   // asserts UseSIGTRAP
+  inline void td(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
+  inline void tw(           int tobits, Register a, Register b); // asserts UseSIGTRAP
+
+  static bool is_tdi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
+     return (TDI_OPCODE == (x & TDI_OPCODE_MASK))
+         && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
+         && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
+         && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
+  }
+
+  static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra, int si16) {
+     return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
+         && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
+         && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
+         && (si16 == inv_si_field(x));
+  }
+
+  static bool is_twi(int x, int tobits, int ra) {
+     return (TWI_OPCODE == (x & TWI_OPCODE_MASK))
+         && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
+         && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x));
+  }
+
+  static bool is_td(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
+     return (TD_OPCODE == (x & TD_OPCODE_MASK))
+         && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
+         && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
+         && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
+  }
+
+  static bool is_tw(int x, int tobits, int ra, int rb) {
+     return (TW_OPCODE == (x & TW_OPCODE_MASK))
+         && (tobits == inv_to_field(x))
+         && (ra == -1/*any reg*/ || ra == inv_ra_field(x))
+         && (rb == -1/*any reg*/ || rb == inv_rb_field(x));
+  }
+
+ public:
+  // PPC floating point instructions
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.2 Floating-Point Load Instructions
+  inline void lfs(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void lfsu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void lfsx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void lfd(  FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void lfdu( FloatRegister d, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void lfdx( FloatRegister d, Register a, Register b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.3 Floating-Point Store Instructions
+  inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void stfsu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void stfdu( FloatRegister s, int si16,   Register a);
+  inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register a, Register b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.4 Floating-Point Move Instructions
+  inline void fmr(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmr_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+
+  //  inline void mffgpr( FloatRegister d, Register b);
+  //  inline void mftgpr( Register d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void cmpb(   Register a, Register s, Register b);
+  inline void popcntb(Register a, Register s);
+  inline void popcntw(Register a, Register s);
+  inline void popcntd(Register a, Register s);
+
+  inline void fneg(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fneg_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fabs(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fabs_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnabs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnabs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.5.1 Floating-Point Elementary Arithmetic Instructions
+  inline void fadd(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fadd_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fadds( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fadds_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fsub(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fsub_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fsubs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fsubs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmul(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
+  inline void fmul_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
+  inline void fmuls( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
+  inline void fmuls_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c);
+  inline void fdiv(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fdiv_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fdivs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fdivs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+
+  // Fused multiply-accumulate instructions.
+  // WARNING: Use only when rounding between the 2 parts is not desired.
+  // Some floating point tck tests will fail if used incorrectly.
+  inline void fmadd(   FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmadd_(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmadds(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmadds_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmsub(   FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmsub_(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmsubs(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fmsubs_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmadd(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmadd_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmadds( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmadds_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmsub(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmsub_( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmsubs( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fnmsubs_(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister c, FloatRegister b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.6 Floating-Point Rounding and Conversion Instructions
+  inline void frsp(  FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fctid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fctidz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fctiw( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fctiwz(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fcfid( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fcfids(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+
+  // PPC 1, section 4.6.7 Floating-Point Compare Instructions
+  inline void fcmpu( ConditionRegister crx, FloatRegister a, FloatRegister b);
+
+  inline void fsqrt( FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+  inline void fsqrts(FloatRegister d, FloatRegister b);
+
+  // Vector instructions for >= Power6.
+  inline void lvebx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvehx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvewx(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvx(      VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvxl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stvebx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stvehx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stvewx(   VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stvx(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void stvxl(    VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvsl(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void lvsr(     VectorRegister d, Register s1, Register s2);
+  inline void vpkpx(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkshss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkswss(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkshus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkswus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkuhum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkuwum(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkuhus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpkuwus(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupkhpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupkhsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupkhsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupklpx(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupklsb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vupklsh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrghb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrghw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrghh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrglb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrglw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmrglh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsplt(    VectorRegister d, int ui4,          VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsplth(   VectorRegister d, int ui3,          VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vspltw(   VectorRegister d, int ui2,          VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vspltisb( VectorRegister d, int si5);
+  inline void vspltish( VectorRegister d, int si5);
+  inline void vspltisw( VectorRegister d, int si5);
+  inline void vperm(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vsel(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vsl(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsldoi(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, int ui4);
+  inline void vslo(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsr(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsro(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddubm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vadduwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vadduhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddudm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vaddubs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vadduws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vadduhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubcuw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubshs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubsbs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsububm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubuwm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubuhm(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsububs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubuws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsubuhs(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmulesb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmuleub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmulesh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmuleuh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmulosb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmuloub(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmulosh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmulouh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmhaddshs(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmhraddshs(VectorRegister d,VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmladduhm(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsubuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsummbm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsumshm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsumshs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsumuhm( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vmsumuhs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+  inline void vsumsws(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsum2sws( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsum4sbs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsum4ubs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsum4shs( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavgsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavgsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavgsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavgub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavguw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vavguh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmaxuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminsb(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminsw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminsh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminub(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminuw(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vminuh(   VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsb( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtub( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtuh( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtuw( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpequw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsb_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtsw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtub_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtuh_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcmpgtuw_(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vand(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vandc(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vnor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vor(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vmr(      VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a);
+  inline void vxor(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vrld(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vrlb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vrlw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vrlh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vslb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vskw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vslh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsrb(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsrw(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsrh(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsrab(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsraw(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsrah(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  // Vector Floating-Point not implemented yet
+  inline void mtvscr(   VectorRegister b);
+  inline void mfvscr(   VectorRegister d);
+
+  // Vector-Scalar (VSX) instructions.
+  inline void lxvd2x(   VectorSRegister d, Register a);
+  inline void lxvd2x(   VectorSRegister d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void stxvd2x(  VectorSRegister d, Register a);
+  inline void stxvd2x(  VectorSRegister d, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void mtvrwz(   VectorRegister  d, Register a);
+  inline void mfvrwz(   Register        a, VectorRegister d);
+  inline void mtvrd(    VectorRegister  d, Register a);
+  inline void mfvrd(    Register        a, VectorRegister d);
+  inline void xxpermdi( VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, VectorSRegister b, int dm);
+  inline void xxmrghw(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, VectorSRegister b);
+  inline void xxmrglw(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, VectorSRegister b);
+
+  // VSX Extended Mnemonics
+  inline void xxspltd(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, int x);
+  inline void xxmrghd(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, VectorSRegister b);
+  inline void xxmrgld(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a, VectorSRegister b);
+  inline void xxswapd(  VectorSRegister d, VectorSRegister a);
+
+  // Vector-Scalar (VSX) instructions.
+  inline void mtfprd(   FloatRegister   d, Register a);
+  inline void mtfprwa(  FloatRegister   d, Register a);
+  inline void mffprd(   Register        a, FloatRegister d);
+
+  // AES (introduced with Power 8)
+  inline void vcipher(     VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vcipherlast( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vncipher(    VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vncipherlast(VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vsbox(       VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a);
+
+  // SHA (introduced with Power 8)
+  // Not yet implemented.
+
+  // Vector Binary Polynomial Multiplication (introduced with Power 8)
+  inline void vpmsumb(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpmsumd(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpmsumh(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+  inline void vpmsumw(  VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b);
+
+  // Vector Permute and Xor (introduced with Power 8)
+  inline void vpermxor( VectorRegister d, VectorRegister a, VectorRegister b, VectorRegister c);
+
+  // Transactional Memory instructions (introduced with Power 8)
+  inline void tbegin_();    // R=0
+  inline void tbeginrot_(); // R=1 Rollback-Only Transaction
+  inline void tend_();    // A=0
+  inline void tendall_(); // A=1
+  inline void tabort_();
+  inline void tabort_(Register a);
+  inline void tabortwc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void tabortwci_(int t, Register a, int si);
+  inline void tabortdc_(int t, Register a, Register b);
+  inline void tabortdci_(int t, Register a, int si);
+  inline void tsuspend_(); // tsr with L=0
+  inline void tresume_();  // tsr with L=1
+  inline void tcheck(int f);
+
+  static bool is_tbegin(int x) {
+    return TBEGIN_OPCODE == (x & (0x3f << OPCODE_SHIFT | 0x3ff << 1));
+  }
+
+  // The following encoders use r0 as second operand. These instructions
+  // read r0 as '0'.
+  inline void lwzx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lwz(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void lwax( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lwa(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void lwbrx(Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lhzx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lhz(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void lhax( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lha(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void lhbrx(Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lbzx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void lbz(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void ldx(  Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void ld(   Register d, int si16);
+  inline void ldbrx(Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void stwx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void stw(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void stwbrx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void sthx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void sth(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void sthbrx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void stbx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void stb(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void stdx( Register d, Register s2);
+  inline void std(  Register d, int si16);
+  inline void stdbrx( Register d, Register s2);
+
+  // PPC 2, section 3.2.1 Instruction Cache Instructions
+  inline void icbi(    Register s2);
+  // PPC 2, section 3.2.2 Data Cache Instructions
+  //inlinevoid dcba(   Register s2); // Instruction for embedded processor only.
+  inline void dcbz(    Register s2);
+  inline void dcbst(   Register s2);
+  inline void dcbf(    Register s2);
+  // dcache read hint
+  inline void dcbt(    Register s2);
+  inline void dcbtct(  Register s2, int ct);
+  inline void dcbtds(  Register s2, int ds);
+  // dcache write hint
+  inline void dcbtst(  Register s2);
+  inline void dcbtstct(Register s2, int ct);
+
+  // Atomics: use ra0mem to disallow R0 as base.
+  inline void lbarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
+  inline void lharx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
+  inline void lwarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
+  inline void ldarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
+  inline void lqarx_unchecked(Register d, Register b, int eh1);
+  inline void lbarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
+  inline void lharx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
+  inline void lwarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
+  inline void ldarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
+  inline void lqarx( Register d, Register b, bool hint_exclusive_access);
+  inline void stbcx_(Register s, Register b);
+  inline void sthcx_(Register s, Register b);
+  inline void stwcx_(Register s, Register b);
+  inline void stdcx_(Register s, Register b);
+  inline void stqcx_(Register s, Register b);
+  inline void lfs(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
+  inline void lfsx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
+  inline void lfd(   FloatRegister d, int si16);
+  inline void lfdx(  FloatRegister d, Register b);
+  inline void stfs(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
+  inline void stfsx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
+  inline void stfd(  FloatRegister s, int si16);
+  inline void stfdx( FloatRegister s, Register b);
+  inline void lvebx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvehx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvewx( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvx(   VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvxl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void stvebx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void stvehx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void stvewx(VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void stvx(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void stvxl( VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvsl(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+  inline void lvsr(  VectorRegister d, Register s2);
+
+  // RegisterOrConstant versions.
+  // These emitters choose between the versions using two registers and
+  // those with register and immediate, depending on the content of roc.
+  // If the constant is not encodable as immediate, instructions to
+  // load the constant are emitted beforehand. Store instructions need a
+  // tmp reg if the constant is not encodable as immediate.
+  // Size unpredictable.
+  void ld(  Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void lwa( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void lwz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void lha( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void lhz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void lbz( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg);
+  void std( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
+  void stw( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
+  void sth( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
+  void stb( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg, Register tmp = noreg);
+  void add( Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
+  void subf(Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
+  void cmpd(ConditionRegister d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1);
+  // Load pointer d from s1+roc.
+  void ld_ptr(Register d, RegisterOrConstant roc, Register s1 = noreg) { ld(d, roc, s1); }
+
+  // Emit several instructions to load a 64 bit constant. This issues a fixed
+  // instruction pattern so that the constant can be patched later on.
+  enum {
+    load_const_size = 5 * BytesPerInstWord
+  };
+         void load_const(Register d, long a,            Register tmp = noreg);
+  inline void load_const(Register d, void* a,           Register tmp = noreg);
+  inline void load_const(Register d, Label& L,          Register tmp = noreg);
+  inline void load_const(Register d, AddressLiteral& a, Register tmp = noreg);
+  inline void load_const32(Register d, int i); // load signed int (patchable)
+
+  // Load a 64 bit constant, optimized, not identifyable.
+  // Tmp can be used to increase ILP. Set return_simm16_rest = true to get a
+  // 16 bit immediate offset. This is useful if the offset can be encoded in
+  // a succeeding instruction.
+         int load_const_optimized(Register d, long a,  Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false);
+  inline int load_const_optimized(Register d, void* a, Register tmp = noreg, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
+    return load_const_optimized(d, (long)(unsigned long)a, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
+  }
+
+  // If return_simm16_rest, the return value needs to get added afterwards.
+         int add_const_optimized(Register d, Register s, long x, Register tmp = R0, bool return_simm16_rest = false);
+  inline int add_const_optimized(Register d, Register s, void* a, Register tmp = R0, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
+    return add_const_optimized(d, s, (long)(unsigned long)a, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
+  }
+
+  // If return_simm16_rest, the return value needs to get added afterwards.
+  inline int sub_const_optimized(Register d, Register s, long x, Register tmp = R0, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
+    return add_const_optimized(d, s, -x, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
+  }
+  inline int sub_const_optimized(Register d, Register s, void* a, Register tmp = R0, bool return_simm16_rest = false) {
+    return sub_const_optimized(d, s, (long)(unsigned long)a, tmp, return_simm16_rest);
+  }
+
+  // Creation
+  Assembler(CodeBuffer* code) : AbstractAssembler(code) {
+#ifdef CHECK_DELAY
+    delay_state = no_delay;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Testing
+#ifndef PRODUCT
+  void test_asm();
+#endif
+};
+
+
+#endif // CPU_PPC_VM_ASSEMBLER_PPC_HPP