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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

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package java.nio.channels;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater;

import java.io.IOException;

/**

 * A token representing the registration of a {@link SelectableChannel} with a

 * {@link Selector}.

 *

 * <p> A selection key is created each time a channel is registered with a

 * selector.  A key remains valid until it is <i>cancelled</i> by invoking its

 * {@link #cancel cancel} method, by closing its channel, or by closing its

 * selector.  Cancelling a key does not immediately remove it from its

 * selector; it is instead added to the selector's <a

 * href="Selector.html#ks"><i>cancelled-key set</i></a> for removal during the

 * next selection operation.  The validity of a key may be tested by invoking

 * its {@link #isValid isValid} method.

 *

 * <a name="opsets">

 *

 * <p> A selection key contains two <i>operation sets</i> represented as

 * integer values.  Each bit of an operation set denotes a category of

 * selectable operations that are supported by the key's channel.

 *

 * <ul>

 *

 *   <li><p> The <i>interest set</i> determines which operation categories will

 *   be tested for readiness the next time one of the selector's selection

 *   methods is invoked.  The interest set is initialized with the value given

 *   when the key is created; it may later be changed via the {@link

 *   #interestOps(int)} method. </p></li>

 *

 *   <li><p> The <i>ready set</i> identifies the operation categories for which

 *   the key's channel has been detected to be ready by the key's selector.

 *   The ready set is initialized to zero when the key is created; it may later

 *   be updated by the selector during a selection operation, but it cannot be

 *   updated directly. </p></li>

 *

 * </ul>

 *

 * <p> That a selection key's ready set indicates that its channel is ready for

 * some operation category is a hint, but not a guarantee, that an operation in

 * such a category may be performed by a thread without causing the thread to

 * block.  A ready set is most likely to be accurate immediately after the

 * completion of a selection operation.  It is likely to be made inaccurate by

 * external events and by I/O operations that are invoked upon the

 * corresponding channel.

 *

 * <p> This class defines all known operation-set bits, but precisely which

 * bits are supported by a given channel depends upon the type of the channel.

 * Each subclass of {@link SelectableChannel} defines an {@link

 * SelectableChannel#validOps() validOps()} method which returns a set

 * identifying just those operations that are supported by the channel.  An

 * attempt to set or test an operation-set bit that is not supported by a key's

 * channel will result in an appropriate run-time exception.

 *

 * <p> It is often necessary to associate some application-specific data with a

 * selection key, for example an object that represents the state of a

 * higher-level protocol and handles readiness notifications in order to

 * implement that protocol.  Selection keys therefore support the

 * <i>attachment</i> of a single arbitrary object to a key.  An object can be

 * attached via the {@link #attach attach} method and then later retrieved via

 * the {@link #attachment() attachment} method.

 *

 * <p> Selection keys are safe for use by multiple concurrent threads.  The

 * operations of reading and writing the interest set will, in general, be

 * synchronized with certain operations of the selector.  Exactly how this

 * synchronization is performed is implementation-dependent: In a naive

 * implementation, reading or writing the interest set may block indefinitely

 * if a selection operation is already in progress; in a high-performance

 * implementation, reading or writing the interest set may block briefly, if at

 * all.  In any case, a selection operation will always use the interest-set

 * value that was current at the moment that the operation began.  </p>

 *

 *

 * @author Mark Reinhold

 * @author JSR-51 Expert Group

 * @since 1.4

 *

 * @see SelectableChannel

 * @see Selector

 */

public abstract class SelectionKey {

    /**

     * Constructs an instance of this class.

     */

    protected SelectionKey() { }

    // -- Channel and selector operations --

    /**

     * Returns the channel for which this key was created.  This method will

     * continue to return the channel even after the key is cancelled.  </p>

     *

     * @return  This key's channel

     */

    public abstract SelectableChannel channel();

    /**

     * Returns the selector for which this key was created.  This method will

     * continue to return the selector even after the key is cancelled.  </p>

     *

     * @return  This key's selector

     */

    public abstract Selector selector();

    /**

     * Tells whether or not this key is valid.

     *

     * <p> A key is valid upon creation and remains so until it is cancelled,

     * its channel is closed, or its selector is closed.  </p>

     *

     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if, this key is valid

     */

    public abstract boolean isValid();

    /**

     * Requests that the registration of this key's channel with its selector

     * be cancelled.  Upon return the key will be invalid and will have been

     * added to its selector's cancelled-key set.  The key will be removed from

     * all of the selector's key sets during the next selection operation.

     *

     * <p> If this key has already been cancelled then invoking this method has

     * no effect.  Once cancelled, a key remains forever invalid. </p>

     *

     * <p> This method may be invoked at any time.  It synchronizes on the

     * selector's cancelled-key set, and therefore may block briefly if invoked

     * concurrently with a cancellation or selection operation involving the

     * same selector.  </p>

     */

    public abstract void cancel();

    // -- Operation-set accessors --

    /**

     * Retrieves this key's interest set.

     *

     * <p> It is guaranteed that the returned set will only contain operation

     * bits that are valid for this key's channel.

     *

     * <p> This method may be invoked at any time.  Whether or not it blocks,

     * and for how long, is implementation-dependent.  </p>

     *

     * @return  This key's interest set

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public abstract int interestOps();

    /**

     * Sets this key's interest set to the given value.

     *

     * <p> This method may be invoked at any time.  Whether or not it blocks,

     * and for how long, is implementation-dependent.  </p>

     *

     * @param  ops  The new interest set

     *

     * @return  This selection key

     *

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException

     *          If a bit in the set does not correspond to an operation that

     *          is supported by this key's channel, that is, if

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public abstract SelectionKey interestOps(int ops);

    /**

     * Retrieves this key's ready-operation set.

     *

     * <p> It is guaranteed that the returned set will only contain operation

     * bits that are valid for this key's channel.  </p>

     *

     * @return  This key's ready-operation set

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public abstract int readyOps();

    // -- Operation bits and bit-testing convenience methods --

    /**

     * Operation-set bit for read operations.

     *

     * <p> Suppose that a selection key's interest set contains

     * <tt>OP_READ</tt> at the start of a <a

     * href="Selector.html#selop">selection operation</a>.  If the selector

     * detects that the corresponding channel is ready for reading, has reached

     * end-of-stream, has been remotely shut down for further reading, or has

     * an error pending, then it will add <tt>OP_READ</tt> to the key's

     * ready-operation set and add the key to its selected-key&nbsp;set.  </p>

     */

    public static final int OP_READ = 1 << 0;

    /**

     * Operation-set bit for write operations.  </p>

     *

     * <p> Suppose that a selection key's interest set contains

     * <tt>OP_WRITE</tt> at the start of a <a

     * href="Selector.html#selop">selection operation</a>.  If the selector

     * detects that the corresponding channel is ready for writing, has been

     * remotely shut down for further writing, or has an error pending, then it

     * will add <tt>OP_WRITE</tt> to the key's ready set and add the key to its

     * selected-key&nbsp;set.  </p>

     */

    public static final int OP_WRITE = 1 << 2;

    /**

     * Operation-set bit for socket-connect operations.  </p>

     *

     * <p> Suppose that a selection key's interest set contains

     * <tt>OP_CONNECT</tt> at the start of a <a

     * href="Selector.html#selop">selection operation</a>.  If the selector

     * detects that the corresponding socket channel is ready to complete its

     * connection sequence, or has an error pending, then it will add

     * <tt>OP_CONNECT</tt> to the key's ready set and add the key to its

     * selected-key&nbsp;set.  </p>

     */

    public static final int OP_CONNECT = 1 << 3;

    /**

     * Operation-set bit for socket-accept operations.  </p>

     *

     * <p> Suppose that a selection key's interest set contains

     * <tt>OP_ACCEPT</tt> at the start of a <a

     * href="Selector.html#selop">selection operation</a>.  If the selector

     * detects that the corresponding server-socket channel is ready to accept

     * another connection, or has an error pending, then it will add

     * <tt>OP_ACCEPT</tt> to the key's ready set and add the key to its

     * selected-key&nbsp;set.  </p>

     */

    public static final int OP_ACCEPT = 1 << 4;

    /**

     * Tests whether this key's channel is ready for reading.

     *

     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>k.isReadable()</tt>

     * behaves in exactly the same way as the expression

     *

     *

     * <p> If this key's channel does not support read operations then this

     * method always returns <tt>false</tt>.  </p>

     *

     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if,

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public final boolean isReadable() {

        return (readyOps() & OP_READ) != 0;

    }

    /**

     * Tests whether this key's channel is ready for writing.

     *

     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>k.isWritable()</tt>

     * behaves in exactly the same way as the expression

     *

     *

     * <p> If this key's channel does not support write operations then this

     * method always returns <tt>false</tt>.  </p>

     *

     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if,

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public final boolean isWritable() {

        return (readyOps() & OP_WRITE) != 0;

    }

    /**

     * Tests whether this key's channel has either finished, or failed to

     * finish, its socket-connection operation.

     *

     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>k.isConnectable()</tt>

     * behaves in exactly the same way as the expression

     *

     *

     * <p> If this key's channel does not support socket-connect operations

     * then this method always returns <tt>false</tt>.  </p>

     *

     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if,

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public final boolean isConnectable() {

        return (readyOps() & OP_CONNECT) != 0;

    }

    /**

     * Tests whether this key's channel is ready to accept a new socket

     * connection.

     *

     * <p> An invocation of this method of the form <tt>k.isAcceptable()</tt>

     * behaves in exactly the same way as the expression

     *

     *

     * <p> If this key's channel does not support socket-accept operations then

     * this method always returns <tt>false</tt>.  </p>

     *

     * @return  <tt>true</tt> if, and only if,

     *

     * @throws  CancelledKeyException

     *          If this key has been cancelled

     */

    public final boolean isAcceptable() {

        return (readyOps() & OP_ACCEPT) != 0;

    }

    // -- Attachments --

    private volatile Object attachment = null;

    private static final AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater<SelectionKey,Object>

        attachmentUpdater = AtomicReferenceFieldUpdater.newUpdater(

            SelectionKey.class, Object.class, "attachment"

        );

    /**

     * Attaches the given object to this key.

     *

     * <p> An attached object may later be retrieved via the {@link #attachment()

     * attachment} method.  Only one object may be attached at a time; invoking

     * this method causes any previous attachment to be discarded.  The current

     * attachment may be discarded by attaching <tt>null</tt>.  </p>

     *

     * @param  ob

     *         The object to be attached; may be <tt>null</tt>

     *

     * @return  The previously-attached object, if any,

     *          otherwise <tt>null</tt>

     */

    public final Object attach(Object ob) {

        return attachmentUpdater.getAndSet(this, ob);

    }

    /**

     * Retrieves the current attachment.  </p>

     *

     * @return  The object currently attached to this key,

     *          or <tt>null</tt> if there is no attachment

     */

    public final Object attachment() {

        return attachment;

    }

}