/*

 * Copyright (c) 2015, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zAddress.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zCollectedHeap.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zFuture.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zGlobals.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zLock.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zPage.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zPageAllocator.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zPageCache.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zPreMappedMemory.inline.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zStat.hpp"

#include "gc/z/zTracer.inline.hpp"

#include "runtime/init.hpp"

static const ZStatCounter       ZCounterAllocationRate("Memory", "Allocation Rate", ZStatUnitBytesPerSecond);

static const ZStatCriticalPhase ZCriticalPhaseAllocationStall("Allocation Stall");

class ZPageAllocRequest : public StackObj {

  friend class ZList<ZPageAllocRequest>;

private:

  const uint8_t                _type;

  const size_t                 _size;

  const ZAllocationFlags       _flags;

  const unsigned int           _total_collections;

  ZListNode<ZPageAllocRequest> _node;

  ZFuture<ZPage*>              _result;

public:

  ZPageAllocRequest(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags, unsigned int total_collections) :

      _type(type),

      _size(size),

      _flags(flags),

      _total_collections(total_collections) {}

  uint8_t type() const {

    return _type;

  }

  size_t size() const {

    return _size;

  }

  ZAllocationFlags flags() const {

    return _flags;

  }

  unsigned int total_collections() const {

    return _total_collections;

  }

  ZPage* wait() {

    return _result.get();

  }

  void satisfy(ZPage* page) {

    _result.set(page);

  }

};

ZPage* const ZPageAllocator::gc_marker = (ZPage*)-1;

ZPageAllocator::ZPageAllocator(size_t min_capacity, size_t max_capacity, size_t max_reserve) :

    _lock(),

    _virtual(),

    _physical(max_capacity, ZPageSizeMin),

    _cache(),

    _max_reserve(max_reserve),

    _pre_mapped(_virtual, _physical, try_ensure_unused_for_pre_mapped(min_capacity)),

    _used_high(0),

    _used_low(0),

    _used(0),

    _allocated(0),

    _reclaimed(0),

    _queue(),

    _detached() {}

bool ZPageAllocator::is_initialized() const {

  return _physical.is_initialized() &&

         _virtual.is_initialized() &&

         _pre_mapped.is_initialized();

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::max_capacity() const {

  return _physical.max_capacity();

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::current_max_capacity() const {

  return _physical.current_max_capacity();

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::capacity() const {

  return _physical.capacity();

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::max_reserve() const {

  return _max_reserve;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::used_high() const {

  return _used_high;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::used_low() const {

  return _used_low;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::used() const {

  return _used;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::allocated() const {

  return _allocated;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::reclaimed() const {

  return _reclaimed > 0 ? (size_t)_reclaimed : 0;

}

void ZPageAllocator::reset_statistics() {

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Should be at safepoint");

  _allocated = 0;

  _reclaimed = 0;

  _used_high = _used_low = _used;

}

void ZPageAllocator::increase_used(size_t size, bool relocation) {

  if (relocation) {

    // Allocating a page for the purpose of relocation has a

    // negative contribution to the number of reclaimed bytes.

    _reclaimed -= size;

  }

  _allocated += size;

  _used += size;

  if (_used > _used_high) {

    _used_high = _used;

  }

}

void ZPageAllocator::decrease_used(size_t size, bool reclaimed) {

  if (reclaimed) {

    // Only pages explicitly released with the reclaimed flag set

    // counts as reclaimed bytes. This flag is typically true when

    // a worker releases a page after relocation, and is typically

    // false when we release a page to undo an allocation.

    _reclaimed += size;

  }

  _used -= size;

  if (_used < _used_low) {

    _used_low = _used;

  }

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::max_available(bool no_reserve) const {

  size_t available = current_max_capacity() - used();

  if (no_reserve) {

    // The reserve should not be considered available

    available -= MIN2(available, max_reserve());

  }

  return available;

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::try_ensure_unused(size_t size, bool no_reserve) {

  // Ensure that we always have space available for the reserve. This

  // is needed to avoid losing the reserve because of failure to map

  // more memory before reaching max capacity.

  _physical.try_ensure_unused_capacity(size + max_reserve());

  size_t unused = _physical.unused_capacity();

  if (no_reserve) {

    // The reserve should not be considered unused

    unused -= MIN2(unused, max_reserve());

  }

  return MIN2(size, unused);

}

size_t ZPageAllocator::try_ensure_unused_for_pre_mapped(size_t size) {

  // This function is called during construction, where the

  // physical memory manager might have failed to initialied.

  if (!_physical.is_initialized()) {

    return 0;

  }

  return try_ensure_unused(size, true /* no_reserve */);

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::create_page(uint8_t type, size_t size) {

  // Allocate physical memory

  const ZPhysicalMemory pmem = _physical.alloc(size);

  if (pmem.is_null()) {

    // Out of memory

    return NULL;

  }

  // Allocate virtual memory

  const ZVirtualMemory vmem = _virtual.alloc(size);

  if (vmem.is_null()) {

    // Out of address space

    _physical.free(pmem);

    return NULL;

  }

  // Allocate page

  return new ZPage(type, vmem, pmem);

}

void ZPageAllocator::flush_pre_mapped() {

  if (_pre_mapped.available() == 0) {

    return;

  }

  // Detach the memory mapping.

  detach_memory(_pre_mapped.virtual_memory(), _pre_mapped.physical_memory());

  _pre_mapped.clear();

}

void ZPageAllocator::map_page(ZPage* page) {

  // Map physical memory

  _physical.map(page->physical_memory(), page->start());

}

void ZPageAllocator::detach_page(ZPage* page) {

  // Detach the memory mapping.

  detach_memory(page->virtual_memory(), page->physical_memory());

  // Add to list of detached pages

  _detached.insert_last(page);

}

void ZPageAllocator::destroy_page(ZPage* page) {

  assert(page->is_detached(), "Invalid page state");

  // Free virtual memory

  {

    _virtual.free(page->virtual_memory());

  }

  delete page;

}

void ZPageAllocator::flush_detached_pages(ZList<ZPage>* list) {

  list->transfer(&_detached);

}

void ZPageAllocator::flush_cache(size_t size) {

  ZList<ZPage> list;

  _cache.flush(&list, size);

  for (ZPage* page = list.remove_first(); page != NULL; page = list.remove_first()) {

    detach_page(page);

  }

}

void ZPageAllocator::check_out_of_memory_during_initialization() {

  if (!is_init_completed()) {

    vm_exit_during_initialization("java.lang.OutOfMemoryError", "Java heap too small");

  }

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::alloc_page_common_inner(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags) {

  const size_t max = max_available(flags.no_reserve());

  if (max < size) {

    // Not enough free memory

    return NULL;

  }

  // Try allocating from the page cache

  ZPage* const cached_page = _cache.alloc_page(type, size);

  if (cached_page != NULL) {

    return cached_page;

  }

  // Try allocate from the pre-mapped memory

  ZPage* const pre_mapped_page = _pre_mapped.alloc_page(type, size);

  if (pre_mapped_page != NULL) {

    return pre_mapped_page;

  }

  // Flush any remaining pre-mapped memory so that

  // subsequent allocations can use the physical memory.

  flush_pre_mapped();

  // Try ensure that physical memory is available

  const size_t unused = try_ensure_unused(size, flags.no_reserve());

  if (unused < size) {

    // Flush cache to free up more physical memory

    flush_cache(size - unused);

  }

  // Create new page and allocate physical memory

  return create_page(type, size);

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::alloc_page_common(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags) {

  ZPage* const page = alloc_page_common_inner(type, size, flags);

  if (page == NULL) {

    // Out of memory

    return NULL;

  }

  // Update used statistics

  increase_used(size, flags.relocation());

  // Send trace event

  ZTracer::tracer()->report_page_alloc(size, used(), max_available(flags.no_reserve()), _cache.available(), flags);

  return page;

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::alloc_page_blocking(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags) {

  // Prepare to block

  ZPageAllocRequest request(type, size, flags, ZCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections());

  _lock.lock();

  // Try non-blocking allocation

  ZPage* page = alloc_page_common(type, size, flags);

  if (page == NULL) {

    // Allocation failed, enqueue request

    _queue.insert_last(&request);

  }

  _lock.unlock();

  if (page == NULL) {

    // Allocation failed

    ZStatTimer timer(ZCriticalPhaseAllocationStall);

    // We can only block if VM is fully initialized

    check_out_of_memory_during_initialization();

    do {

      // Start asynchronous GC

      ZCollectedHeap::heap()->collect(GCCause::_z_allocation_stall);

      // Wait for allocation to complete or fail

      page = request.wait();

    } while (page == gc_marker);

    {

      // Guard deletion of underlying semaphore. This is a workaround for a

      // bug in sem_post() in glibc < 2.21, where it's not safe to destroy

      // the semaphore immediately after returning from sem_wait(). The

      // reason is that sem_post() can touch the semaphore after a waiting

      // thread have returned from sem_wait(). To avoid this race we are

      // forcing the waiting thread to acquire/release the lock held by the

      // posting thread. https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12674

    }

  }

  return page;

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::alloc_page_nonblocking(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags) {

  return alloc_page_common(type, size, flags);

}

ZPage* ZPageAllocator::alloc_page(uint8_t type, size_t size, ZAllocationFlags flags) {

  ZPage* const page = flags.non_blocking()

                      ? alloc_page_nonblocking(type, size, flags)

                      : alloc_page_blocking(type, size, flags);

  if (page == NULL) {

    // Out of memory

    return NULL;

  }

  // Map page if needed

  if (!page->is_mapped()) {

    map_page(page);

  }

  // Reset page. This updates the page's sequence number and must

  // be done after page allocation, which potentially blocked in

  // a safepoint where the global sequence number was updated.

  page->reset();

  // Update allocation statistics. Exclude worker threads to avoid

  // artificial inflation of the allocation rate due to relocation.

  if (!flags.worker_thread()) {

    // Note that there are two allocation rate counters, which have

    // different purposes and are sampled at different frequencies.

    const size_t bytes = page->size();

    ZStatInc(ZCounterAllocationRate, bytes);

    ZStatInc(ZStatAllocRate::counter(), bytes);

  }

  return page;

}

void ZPageAllocator::satisfy_alloc_queue() {

  for (;;) {

    ZPageAllocRequest* const request = _queue.first();

    if (request == NULL) {

      // Allocation queue is empty

      return;

    }

    ZPage* const page = alloc_page_common(request->type(), request->size(), request->flags());

    if (page == NULL) {

      // Allocation could not be satisfied, give up

      return;

    }

    // Allocation succeeded, dequeue and satisfy request. Note that

    // the dequeue operation must happen first, since the request

    // will immediately be deallocated once it has been satisfied.

    _queue.remove(request);

    request->satisfy(page);

  }

}

void ZPageAllocator::detach_memory(const ZVirtualMemory& vmem, ZPhysicalMemory& pmem) {

  const uintptr_t addr = vmem.start();

  // Unmap physical memory

  _physical.unmap(pmem, addr);

  // Free physical memory

  _physical.free(pmem);

  // Clear physical mapping

  pmem.clear();

}

void ZPageAllocator::flip_page(ZPage* page) {

  const ZPhysicalMemory& pmem = page->physical_memory();

  const uintptr_t addr = page->start();

  // Flip physical mapping

  _physical.flip(pmem, addr);

}

void ZPageAllocator::flip_pre_mapped() {

  if (_pre_mapped.available() == 0) {

    // Nothing to flip

    return;

  }

  const ZPhysicalMemory& pmem = _pre_mapped.physical_memory();

  const ZVirtualMemory& vmem = _pre_mapped.virtual_memory();

  // Flip physical mapping

  _physical.flip(pmem, vmem.start());

}

void ZPageAllocator::free_page(ZPage* page, bool reclaimed) {

  // Update used statistics

  decrease_used(page->size(), reclaimed);

  // Cache page

  _cache.free_page(page);

  // Try satisfy blocked allocations

  satisfy_alloc_queue();

}

bool ZPageAllocator::is_alloc_stalled() const {

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Should be at safepoint");

  return !_queue.is_empty();

}

void ZPageAllocator::check_out_of_memory() {

  // Fail allocation requests that were enqueued before the

  // last GC cycle started, otherwise start a new GC cycle.

  for (ZPageAllocRequest* request = _queue.first(); request != NULL; request = _queue.first()) {

    if (request->total_collections() == ZCollectedHeap::heap()->total_collections()) {

      // Start a new GC cycle, keep allocation requests enqueued

      request->satisfy(gc_marker);

      return;

    }

    // Out of memory, fail allocation request

    _queue.remove_first();

    request->satisfy(NULL);

  }

}