/*

 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 */

package java.util;

import java.util.concurrent.RecursiveAction;

import java.util.concurrent.CountedCompleter;

/**

 * Helper utilities for the parallel sort methods in Arrays.parallelSort.

 *

 * For each primitive type, plus Object, we define a static class to

 * contain the Sorter and Merger implementations for that type:

 *

 * Sorter classes based mainly on CilkSort

 * <A href="http://supertech.lcs.mit.edu/cilk/"> Cilk</A>:

 * Basic algorithm:

 * if array size is small, just use a sequential quicksort (via Arrays.sort)

 *         Otherwise:

 *         1. Break array in half.

 *         2. For each half,

 *             a. break the half in half (i.e., quarters),

 *             b. sort the quarters

 *             c. merge them together

 *         3. merge together the two halves.

 *

 * One reason for splitting in quarters is that this guarantees that

 * the final sort is in the main array, not the workspace array.

 * (workspace and main swap roles on each subsort step.)  Leaf-level

 * sorts use the associated sequential sort.

 *

 * Merger classes perform merging for Sorter.  They are structured

 * such that if the underlying sort is stable (as is true for

 * TimSort), then so is the full sort.  If big enough, they split the

 * largest of the two partitions in half, find the greatest point in

 * smaller partition less than the beginning of the second half of

 * larger via binary search; and then merge in parallel the two

 * partitions.  In part to ensure tasks are triggered in

 * stability-preserving order, the current CountedCompleter design

 * requires some little tasks to serve as place holders for triggering

 * completion tasks.  These classes (EmptyCompleter and Relay) don't

 * need to keep track of the arrays, and are never themselves forked,

 * so don't hold any task state.

 *

 * The primitive class versions (FJByte... FJDouble) are

 * identical to each other except for type declarations.

 *

 * The base sequential sorts rely on non-public versions of TimSort,

 * ComparableTimSort, and DualPivotQuicksort sort methods that accept

 * temp workspace array slices that we will have already allocated, so

 * avoids redundant allocation. (Except for DualPivotQuicksort byte[]

 * sort, that does not ever use a workspace array.)

 */

/*package*/ class ArraysParallelSortHelpers {

    /*

     * Style note: The task classes have a lot of parameters, that are

     * stored as task fields and copied to local variables and used in

     * compute() methods, We pack these into as few lines as possible,

     * and hoist consistency checks among them before main loops, to

     * reduce distraction.

     */

    /**

     * A placeholder task for Sorters, used for the lowest

     * quartile task, that does not need to maintain array state.

     */

    static final class EmptyCompleter extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

        @java.io.Serial

        static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

        EmptyCompleter(CountedCompleter<?> p) { super(p); }

        public final void compute() { }

    }

    /**

     * A trigger for secondary merge of two merges

     */

    static final class Relay extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

        @java.io.Serial

        static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

        final CountedCompleter<?> task;

        Relay(CountedCompleter<?> task) {

            super(null, 1);

            this.task = task;

        }

        public final void compute() { }

        public final void onCompletion(CountedCompleter<?> t) {

            task.compute();

        }

    }

    /** Object + Comparator support class */

    static final class FJObject {

        static final class Sorter<T> extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final int base, size, wbase, gran;

            Comparator<? super T> comparator;

            Sorter(CountedCompleter<?> par, T[] a, T[] w, int base, int size,

                   int wbase, int gran,

                   Comparator<? super T> comparator) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w; this.base = base; this.size = size;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

                this.comparator = comparator;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                CountedCompleter<?> s = this;

                Comparator<? super T> c = this.comparator;

                T[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int b = this.base, n = this.size, wb = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                while (n > g) {

                    int h = n >>> 1, q = h >>> 1, u = h + q; // quartiles

                    Relay fc = new Relay(new Merger<>(s, w, a, wb, h,

                                                      wb+h, n-h, b, g, c));

                    Relay rc = new Relay(new Merger<>(fc, a, w, b+h, q,

                                                      b+u, n-u, wb+h, g, c));

                    new Sorter<>(rc, a, w, b+u, n-u, wb+u, g, c).fork();

                    new Sorter<>(rc, a, w, b+h, q, wb+h, g, c).fork();;

                    Relay bc = new Relay(new Merger<>(fc, a, w, b, q,

                                                      b+q, h-q, wb, g, c));

                    new Sorter<>(bc, a, w, b+q, h-q, wb+q, g, c).fork();

                    s = new EmptyCompleter(bc);

                    n = q;

                }

                TimSort.sort(a, b, b + n, c, w, wb, n);

                s.tryComplete();

            }

        }

        static final class Merger<T> extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final int lbase, lsize, rbase, rsize, wbase, gran;

            Comparator<? super T> comparator;

            Merger(CountedCompleter<?> par, T[] a, T[] w,

                   int lbase, int lsize, int rbase,

                   int rsize, int wbase, int gran,

                   Comparator<? super T> comparator) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w;

                this.lbase = lbase; this.lsize = lsize;

                this.rbase = rbase; this.rsize = rsize;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

                this.comparator = comparator;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                Comparator<? super T> c = this.comparator;

                T[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int lb = this.lbase, ln = this.lsize, rb = this.rbase,

                    rn = this.rsize, k = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                if (a == null || w == null || lb < 0 || rb < 0 || k < 0 ||

                    c == null)

                    throw new IllegalStateException(); // hoist checks

                for (int lh, rh;;) {  // split larger, find point in smaller

                    if (ln >= rn) {

                        if (ln <= g)

                            break;

                        rh = rn;

                        T split = a[(lh = ln >>> 1) + lb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < rh; ) {

                            int rm = (lo + rh) >>> 1;

                            if (c.compare(split, a[rm + rb]) <= 0)

                                rh = rm;

                            else

                                lo = rm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    else {

                        if (rn <= g)

                            break;

                        lh = ln;

                        T split = a[(rh = rn >>> 1) + rb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < lh; ) {

                            int lm = (lo + lh) >>> 1;

                            if (c.compare(split, a[lm + lb]) <= 0)

                                lh = lm;

                            else

                                lo = lm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    Merger<T> m = new Merger<>(this, a, w, lb + lh, ln - lh,

                                               rb + rh, rn - rh,

                                               k + lh + rh, g, c);

                    rn = rh;

                    ln = lh;

                    addToPendingCount(1);

                    m.fork();

                }

                int lf = lb + ln, rf = rb + rn; // index bounds

                while (lb < lf && rb < rf) {

                    T t, al, ar;

                    if (c.compare((al = a[lb]), (ar = a[rb])) <= 0) {

                        lb++; t = al;

                    }

                    else {

                        rb++; t = ar;

                    }

                    w[k++] = t;

                }

                if (rb < rf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, rb, w, k, rf - rb);

                else if (lb < lf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, lb, w, k, lf - lb);

                tryComplete();

            }

        }

    } // FJObject

    /** byte support class */

    static final class FJByte {

        static final class Sorter extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final byte[] a, w;

            final int base, size, wbase, gran;

            Sorter(CountedCompleter<?> par, byte[] a, byte[] w, int base,

                   int size, int wbase, int gran) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w; this.base = base; this.size = size;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                CountedCompleter<?> s = this;

                byte[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int b = this.base, n = this.size, wb = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                while (n > g) {

                    int h = n >>> 1, q = h >>> 1, u = h + q; // quartiles

                    Relay fc = new Relay(new Merger(s, w, a, wb, h,

                                                    wb+h, n-h, b, g));

                    Relay rc = new Relay(new Merger(fc, a, w, b+h, q,

                                                    b+u, n-u, wb+h, g));

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+u, n-u, wb+u, g).fork();

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+h, q, wb+h, g).fork();;

                    Relay bc = new Relay(new Merger(fc, a, w, b, q,

                                                    b+q, h-q, wb, g));

                    new Sorter(bc, a, w, b+q, h-q, wb+q, g).fork();

                    s = new EmptyCompleter(bc);

                    n = q;

                }

                DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, b, b + n - 1);

                s.tryComplete();

            }

        }

        static final class Merger extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final byte[] a, w; // main and workspace arrays

            final int lbase, lsize, rbase, rsize, wbase, gran;

            Merger(CountedCompleter<?> par, byte[] a, byte[] w,

                   int lbase, int lsize, int rbase,

                   int rsize, int wbase, int gran) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w;

                this.lbase = lbase; this.lsize = lsize;

                this.rbase = rbase; this.rsize = rsize;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                byte[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int lb = this.lbase, ln = this.lsize, rb = this.rbase,

                    rn = this.rsize, k = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                if (a == null || w == null || lb < 0 || rb < 0 || k < 0)

                    throw new IllegalStateException(); // hoist checks

                for (int lh, rh;;) {  // split larger, find point in smaller

                    if (ln >= rn) {

                        if (ln <= g)

                            break;

                        rh = rn;

                        byte split = a[(lh = ln >>> 1) + lb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < rh; ) {

                            int rm = (lo + rh) >>> 1;

                            if (split <= a[rm + rb])

                                rh = rm;

                            else

                                lo = rm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    else {

                        if (rn <= g)

                            break;

                        lh = ln;

                        byte split = a[(rh = rn >>> 1) + rb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < lh; ) {

                            int lm = (lo + lh) >>> 1;

                            if (split <= a[lm + lb])

                                lh = lm;

                            else

                                lo = lm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    Merger m = new Merger(this, a, w, lb + lh, ln - lh,

                                          rb + rh, rn - rh,

                                          k + lh + rh, g);

                    rn = rh;

                    ln = lh;

                    addToPendingCount(1);

                    m.fork();

                }

                int lf = lb + ln, rf = rb + rn; // index bounds

                while (lb < lf && rb < rf) {

                    byte t, al, ar;

                    if ((al = a[lb]) <= (ar = a[rb])) {

                        lb++; t = al;

                    }

                    else {

                        rb++; t = ar;

                    }

                    w[k++] = t;

                }

                if (rb < rf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, rb, w, k, rf - rb);

                else if (lb < lf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, lb, w, k, lf - lb);

                tryComplete();

            }

        }

    } // FJByte

    /** char support class */

    static final class FJChar {

        static final class Sorter extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final char[] a, w;

            final int base, size, wbase, gran;

            Sorter(CountedCompleter<?> par, char[] a, char[] w, int base,

                   int size, int wbase, int gran) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w; this.base = base; this.size = size;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                CountedCompleter<?> s = this;

                char[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int b = this.base, n = this.size, wb = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                while (n > g) {

                    int h = n >>> 1, q = h >>> 1, u = h + q; // quartiles

                    Relay fc = new Relay(new Merger(s, w, a, wb, h,

                                                    wb+h, n-h, b, g));

                    Relay rc = new Relay(new Merger(fc, a, w, b+h, q,

                                                    b+u, n-u, wb+h, g));

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+u, n-u, wb+u, g).fork();

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+h, q, wb+h, g).fork();;

                    Relay bc = new Relay(new Merger(fc, a, w, b, q,

                                                    b+q, h-q, wb, g));

                    new Sorter(bc, a, w, b+q, h-q, wb+q, g).fork();

                    s = new EmptyCompleter(bc);

                    n = q;

                }

                DualPivotQuicksort.sort(a, b, b + n - 1, w, wb, n);

                s.tryComplete();

            }

        }

        static final class Merger extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final char[] a, w; // main and workspace arrays

            final int lbase, lsize, rbase, rsize, wbase, gran;

            Merger(CountedCompleter<?> par, char[] a, char[] w,

                   int lbase, int lsize, int rbase,

                   int rsize, int wbase, int gran) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w;

                this.lbase = lbase; this.lsize = lsize;

                this.rbase = rbase; this.rsize = rsize;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                char[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int lb = this.lbase, ln = this.lsize, rb = this.rbase,

                    rn = this.rsize, k = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                if (a == null || w == null || lb < 0 || rb < 0 || k < 0)

                    throw new IllegalStateException(); // hoist checks

                for (int lh, rh;;) {  // split larger, find point in smaller

                    if (ln >= rn) {

                        if (ln <= g)

                            break;

                        rh = rn;

                        char split = a[(lh = ln >>> 1) + lb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < rh; ) {

                            int rm = (lo + rh) >>> 1;

                            if (split <= a[rm + rb])

                                rh = rm;

                            else

                                lo = rm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    else {

                        if (rn <= g)

                            break;

                        lh = ln;

                        char split = a[(rh = rn >>> 1) + rb];

                        for (int lo = 0; lo < lh; ) {

                            int lm = (lo + lh) >>> 1;

                            if (split <= a[lm + lb])

                                lh = lm;

                            else

                                lo = lm + 1;

                        }

                    }

                    Merger m = new Merger(this, a, w, lb + lh, ln - lh,

                                          rb + rh, rn - rh,

                                          k + lh + rh, g);

                    rn = rh;

                    ln = lh;

                    addToPendingCount(1);

                    m.fork();

                }

                int lf = lb + ln, rf = rb + rn; // index bounds

                while (lb < lf && rb < rf) {

                    char t, al, ar;

                    if ((al = a[lb]) <= (ar = a[rb])) {

                        lb++; t = al;

                    }

                    else {

                        rb++; t = ar;

                    }

                    w[k++] = t;

                }

                if (rb < rf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, rb, w, k, rf - rb);

                else if (lb < lf)

                    System.arraycopy(a, lb, w, k, lf - lb);

                tryComplete();

            }

        }

    } // FJChar

    /** short support class */

    static final class FJShort {

        static final class Sorter extends CountedCompleter<Void> {

            @java.io.Serial

            static final long serialVersionUID = 2446542900576103244L;

            final short[] a, w;

            final int base, size, wbase, gran;

            Sorter(CountedCompleter<?> par, short[] a, short[] w, int base,

                   int size, int wbase, int gran) {

                super(par);

                this.a = a; this.w = w; this.base = base; this.size = size;

                this.wbase = wbase; this.gran = gran;

            }

            public final void compute() {

                CountedCompleter<?> s = this;

                short[] a = this.a, w = this.w; // localize all params

                int b = this.base, n = this.size, wb = this.wbase, g = this.gran;

                while (n > g) {

                    int h = n >>> 1, q = h >>> 1, u = h + q; // quartiles

                    Relay fc = new Relay(new Merger(s, w, a, wb, h,

                                                    wb+h, n-h, b, g));

                    Relay rc = new Relay(new Merger(fc, a, w, b+h, q,

                                                    b+u, n-u, wb+h, g));

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+u, n-u, wb+u, g).fork();

                    new Sorter(rc, a, w, b+h, q, wb+h, g).fork();;