/*

 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 */

package jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.types;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DALOAD;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DASTORE;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP2;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP2_X1;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP2_X2;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP_X1;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.DUP_X2;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.H_INVOKESTATIC;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.IALOAD;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.IASTORE;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.LALOAD;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.LASTORE;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.NEWARRAY;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.POP;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.POP2;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.SWAP;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.T_DOUBLE;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.T_INT;

import static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes.T_LONG;

import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.staticCallNoLookup;

import java.io.DataInput;

import java.io.DataOutput;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.lang.invoke.CallSite;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;

import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.TreeMap;

import java.util.WeakHashMap;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Handle;

import jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;

import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.Call;

import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptObject;

import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Undefined;

import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.linker.Bootstrap;

/**

 * This is the representation of a JavaScript type, disassociated from java

 * Classes, with the basis for conversion weight, mapping to ASM types

 * and implementing the ByteCodeOps interface which tells this type

 * how to generate code for various operations.

 *

 * Except for ClassEmitter, this is the only class that has to know

 * about the underlying byte code generation system.

 *

 * The different types know how to generate bytecode for the different

 * operations, inherited from BytecodeOps, that they support. This avoids

 * if/else chains depending on type in several cases and allows for

 * more readable and shorter code

 *

 * The Type class also contains logic used by the type inference and

 * for comparing types against each other, as well as the concepts

 * of narrower to wider types. The widest type is an object. Ideally we

 * would like as narrow types as possible for code to be efficient, e.g

 * INTs rather than OBJECTs

 */

public abstract class Type implements Comparable<Type>, BytecodeOps, Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /** Human readable name for type */

    private transient final String name;

    /** Descriptor for type */

    private transient final String descriptor;

    /** The "weight" of the type. Used for picking widest/least specific common type */

    private transient final int weight;

    /** How many bytecode slots does this type occupy */

    private transient final int slots;

    /** The class for this type */

    private final Class<?> clazz;

    /**

     * Cache for internal types - this is a query that requires complex stringbuilding inside

     * ASM and it saves startup time to cache the type mappings

     */

    private static final Map<Class<?>, jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type> INTERNAL_TYPE_CACHE =

            Collections.synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Class<?>, jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type>());

    /** Internal ASM type for this Type - computed once at construction */

    private transient final jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type internalType;

    /** Weights are used to decide which types are "wider" than other types */

    protected static final int MIN_WEIGHT = -1;

    /** Set way below Integer.MAX_VALUE to prevent overflow when adding weights. Objects are still heaviest. */

    protected static final int MAX_WEIGHT = 20;

    static final Call BOOTSTRAP = staticCallNoLookup(Bootstrap.class, "mathBootstrap", CallSite.class, MethodHandles.Lookup.class, String.class, MethodType.class, int.class);

    static final Handle MATHBOOTSTRAP = new Handle(H_INVOKESTATIC, BOOTSTRAP.className(), "mathBootstrap", BOOTSTRAP.descriptor());

    /**

     * Constructor

     *

     * @param clazz       class for type

     * @param weight      weight - higher is more generic

     * @param slots       how many bytecode slots the type takes up

     */

    Type(final String name, final Class<?> clazz, final int weight, final int slots) {

        this.name         = name;

        this.clazz        = clazz;

        this.descriptor   = jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getDescriptor(clazz);

        this.weight       = weight;

        assert weight >= MIN_WEIGHT && weight <= MAX_WEIGHT : "illegal type weight: " + weight;

        this.slots        = slots;

        this.internalType = getInternalType(clazz);

    }

    /**

     * Get the weight of this type - use this e.g. for sorting method descriptors

     * @return the weight

     */

    public int getWeight() {

        return weight;

    }

    /**

     * Get the Class representing this type

     * @return the class for this type

     */

    public Class<?> getTypeClass() {

        return clazz;

    }

    /**

     * For specialization, return the next, slightly more difficulty, type

     * to test.

     *

     * @return the next Type

     */

    public Type nextWider() {

        return null;

    }

    /**

     * Get the boxed type for this class

     * @return the boxed version of this type or null if N/A

     */

    public Class<?> getBoxedType() {

        assert !getTypeClass().isPrimitive();

        return null;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the character describing the bytecode type for this value on the stack or local variable, identical to

     * what would be used as the prefix for a bytecode {@code LOAD} or {@code STORE} instruction, therefore it must be

     * one of {@code A, F, D, I, L}. Also, the special value {@code U} is used for local variable slots that haven't

     * been initialized yet (it can't appear for a value pushed to the operand stack, those always have known values).

     * Note that while we allow all JVM internal types, Nashorn doesn't necessarily use them all - currently we don't

     * have floats, only doubles, but that might change in the future.

     * @return the character describing the bytecode type for this value on the stack.

     */

    public abstract char getBytecodeStackType();

    /**

     * Generate a method descriptor given a return type and a param array

     *

     * @param returnType return type

     * @param types      parameters

     *

     * @return a descriptor string

     */

    public static String getMethodDescriptor(final Type returnType, final Type... types) {

        final jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type[] itypes = new jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type[types.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {

            itypes[i] = types[i].getInternalType();

        }

        return jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getMethodDescriptor(returnType.getInternalType(), itypes);

    }

    /**

     * Generate a method descriptor given a return type and a param array

     *

     * @param returnType return type

     * @param types      parameters

     *

     * @return a descriptor string

     */

    public static String getMethodDescriptor(final Class<?> returnType, final Class<?>... types) {

        final jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type[] itypes = new jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type[types.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < types.length; i++) {

            itypes[i] = getInternalType(types[i]);

        }

        return jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getMethodDescriptor(getInternalType(returnType), itypes);

    }

    /**

     * Return a character representing {@code type} in a method signature.

     *

     * @param type parameter type

     * @return descriptor character

     */

    public static char getShortSignatureDescriptor(final Type type) {

        // Use 'Z' for boolean parameters as we need to distinguish from int

        if (type instanceof BooleanType) {

            return 'Z';

        }

        return type.getBytecodeStackType();

    }

    /**

     * Return the type for an internal type, package private - do not use

     * outside code gen

     *

     * @param itype internal type

     * @return Nashorn type

     */

    @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")

    static Type typeFor(final jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type itype) {

        switch (itype.getSort()) {

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.BOOLEAN:

            return BOOLEAN;

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.INT:

            return INT;

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.LONG:

            return LONG;

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.DOUBLE:

            return NUMBER;

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.OBJECT:

            try {

                return Type.typeFor(Class.forName(itype.getClassName()));

            } catch(final ClassNotFoundException e) {

                throw new AssertionError(e);

            }

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.VOID:

            return null;

        case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.ARRAY:

            switch (itype.getElementType().getSort()) {

            case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.DOUBLE:

                return NUMBER_ARRAY;

            case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.INT:

                return INT_ARRAY;

            case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.LONG:

                return LONG_ARRAY;

            default:

                assert false;

            case jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.OBJECT:

                return OBJECT_ARRAY;

            }

        default:

            assert false : "Unknown itype : " + itype + " sort " + itype.getSort();

            break;

        }

        return null;

    }

    /**

     * Get the return type for a method

     *

     * @param methodDescriptor method descriptor

     * @return return type

     */

    public static Type getMethodReturnType(final String methodDescriptor) {

        return Type.typeFor(jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getReturnType(methodDescriptor));

    }

    /**

     * Get type array representing arguments of a method in order

     *

     * @param methodDescriptor method descriptor

     * @return parameter type array

     */

    public static Type[] getMethodArguments(final String methodDescriptor) {

        final jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type itypes[] = jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getArgumentTypes(methodDescriptor);

        final Type types[] = new Type[itypes.length];

        for (int i = 0; i < itypes.length; i++) {

            types[i] = Type.typeFor(itypes[i]);

        }

        return types;

    }

    /**

     * Write a map of {@code int} to {@code Type} to an output stream. This is used to store deoptimization state.

     *

     * @param typeMap the type map

     * @param output data output

     * @throws IOException if write cannot be completed

     */

    public static void writeTypeMap(final Map<Integer, Type> typeMap, final DataOutput output) throws IOException {

        if (typeMap == null) {

            output.writeInt(0);

        } else {

            output.writeInt(typeMap.size());

            for(final Map.Entry<Integer, Type> e: typeMap.entrySet()) {

                output.writeInt(e.getKey());

                final byte typeChar;

                final Type type = e.getValue();

                if(type == Type.OBJECT) {

                    typeChar = 'L';

                } else if (type == Type.NUMBER) {

                    typeChar = 'D';

                } else if (type == Type.LONG) {

                    typeChar = 'J';

                } else {

                    throw new AssertionError();

                }

                output.writeByte(typeChar);

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * Read a map of {@code int} to {@code Type} from an input stream. This is used to store deoptimization state.

     *

     * @param input data input

     * @return type map

     * @throws IOException if read cannot be completed

     */

    public static Map<Integer, Type> readTypeMap(final DataInput input) throws IOException {

        final int size = input.readInt();

        if (size <= 0) {

            return null;

        }

        final Map<Integer, Type> map = new TreeMap<>();

        for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {

            final int pp = input.readInt();

            final int typeChar = input.readByte();

            final Type type;

            switch (typeChar) {

                case 'L': type = Type.OBJECT; break;

                case 'D': type = Type.NUMBER; break;

                case 'J': type = Type.LONG; break;

                default: continue;

            }

            map.put(pp, type);

        }

        return map;

    }

    static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type getInternalType(final String className) {

        return jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getType(className);

    }

    private jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type getInternalType() {

        return internalType;

    }

    private static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type lookupInternalType(final Class<?> type) {

        final Map<Class<?>, jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type> c = INTERNAL_TYPE_CACHE;

        jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type itype = c.get(type);

        if (itype != null) {

            return itype;

        }

        itype = jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getType(type);

        c.put(type, itype);

        return itype;

    }

    private static jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type getInternalType(final Class<?> type) {

        return lookupInternalType(type);

    }

    static void invokestatic(final MethodVisitor method, final Call call) {

        method.visitMethodInsn(INVOKESTATIC, call.className(), call.name(), call.descriptor(), false);

    }

    /**

     * Get the internal JVM name of a type

     * @return the internal name

     */

    public String getInternalName() {

        return jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getInternalName(getTypeClass());

    }

    /**

     * Get the internal JVM name of type type represented by a given Java class

     * @param clazz the class

     * @return the internal name

     */

    public static String getInternalName(final Class<?> clazz) {

        return jdk.internal.org.objectweb.asm.Type.getInternalName(clazz);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is the UNKNOWN type, i.e. not set yet

     * Used for type inference.

     *

     * @return true if UNKNOWN, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isUnknown() {

        return this.equals(Type.UNKNOWN);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether this type represents an primitive type according to the ECMAScript specification,

     * which includes Boolean, Number, and String.

     *

     * @return true if a JavaScript primitive type, false otherwise.

     */

    public boolean isJSPrimitive() {

        return !isObject() || isString();

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is the BOOLEAN type

     * @return true if BOOLEAN, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isBoolean() {

        return this.equals(Type.BOOLEAN);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is the INT type

     * @return true if INTEGER, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isInteger() {

        return this.equals(Type.INT);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is the LONG type

     * @return true if LONG, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isLong() {

        return this.equals(Type.LONG);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is the NUMBER type

     * @return true if NUMBER, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isNumber() {

        return this.equals(Type.NUMBER);

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is numeric, i.e. NUMBER,

     * INT, LONG.

     *

     * @return true if numeric, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isNumeric() {

        return this instanceof NumericType;

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is an array type, i.e.

     * OBJECT_ARRAY or NUMBER_ARRAY (for now)

     *

     * @return true if an array type, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isArray() {

        return this instanceof ArrayType;

    }

    /**

     * Determines if a type takes up two bytecode slots or not

     *

     * @return true if type takes up two bytecode slots rather than one

     */

    public boolean isCategory2() {

        return getSlots() == 2;

    }

    /**

     * Determines whether a type is an OBJECT type, e.g. OBJECT, STRING,

     * NUMBER_ARRAY etc.

     *

     * @return true if object type, false otherwise

     */

    public boolean isObject() {

        return this instanceof ObjectType;

    }

    /**

     * Is this a primitive type (e.g int, long, double, boolean)

     * @return true if primitive

     */