/*

 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 *

 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"

#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"

#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"

#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"

#include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"

#include "runtime/threadCritical.hpp"

#include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"

#include "services/memPtr.hpp"

#include "services/memReporter.hpp"

#include "services/memTracker.hpp"

#include "utilities/decoder.hpp"

#include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"

bool NMT_track_callsite = false;

// walk all 'known' threads at NMT sync point, and collect their recorders

void SyncThreadRecorderClosure::do_thread(Thread* thread) {

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Safepoint required");

  if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {

    JavaThread* javaThread = (JavaThread*)thread;

    MemRecorder* recorder = javaThread->get_recorder();

    if (recorder != NULL) {

      MemTracker::enqueue_pending_recorder(recorder);

      javaThread->set_recorder(NULL);

    }

  }

  _thread_count ++;

}

MemRecorder* volatile           MemTracker::_global_recorder = NULL;

MemSnapshot*                    MemTracker::_snapshot = NULL;

MemBaseline                     MemTracker::_baseline;

Mutex*                          MemTracker::_query_lock = NULL;

MemRecorder* volatile           MemTracker::_merge_pending_queue = NULL;

MemRecorder* volatile           MemTracker::_pooled_recorders = NULL;

MemTrackWorker*                 MemTracker::_worker_thread = NULL;

int                             MemTracker::_sync_point_skip_count = 0;

MemTracker::NMTLevel            MemTracker::_tracking_level = MemTracker::NMT_off;

volatile MemTracker::NMTStates  MemTracker::_state = NMT_uninited;

MemTracker::ShutdownReason      MemTracker::_reason = NMT_shutdown_none;

int                             MemTracker::_thread_count = 255;

volatile jint                   MemTracker::_pooled_recorder_count = 0;

volatile unsigned long          MemTracker::_processing_generation = 0;

volatile bool                   MemTracker::_worker_thread_idle = false;

volatile bool                   MemTracker::_slowdown_calling_thread = false;

debug_only(intx                 MemTracker::_main_thread_tid = 0;)

NOT_PRODUCT(volatile jint       MemTracker::_pending_recorder_count = 0;)

void MemTracker::init_tracking_options(const char* option_line) {

  _tracking_level = NMT_off;

  if (strcmp(option_line, "=summary") == 0) {

    _tracking_level = NMT_summary;

  } else if (strcmp(option_line, "=detail") == 0) {

    _tracking_level = NMT_detail;

  } else if (strcmp(option_line, "=off") != 0) {

    vm_exit_during_initialization("Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]", NULL);

  }

}

// first phase of bootstrapping, when VM is still in single-threaded mode.

void MemTracker::bootstrap_single_thread() {

  if (_tracking_level > NMT_off) {

    assert(_state == NMT_uninited, "wrong state");

    // NMT is not supported with UseMallocOnly is on. NMT can NOT

    // handle the amount of malloc data without significantly impacting

    // runtime performance when this flag is on.

    if (UseMallocOnly) {

      shutdown(NMT_use_malloc_only);

      return;

    }

    _query_lock = new (std::nothrow) Mutex(Monitor::max_nonleaf, "NMT_queryLock");

    if (_query_lock == NULL) {

      shutdown(NMT_out_of_memory);

      return;

    }

    debug_only(_main_thread_tid = os::current_thread_id();)

    _state = NMT_bootstrapping_single_thread;

    NMT_track_callsite = (_tracking_level == NMT_detail && can_walk_stack());

  }

}

// second phase of bootstrapping, when VM is about to or already entered multi-theaded mode.

void MemTracker::bootstrap_multi_thread() {

  if (_tracking_level > NMT_off && _state == NMT_bootstrapping_single_thread) {

  // create nmt lock for multi-thread execution

    assert(_main_thread_tid == os::current_thread_id(), "wrong thread");

    _state = NMT_bootstrapping_multi_thread;

    NMT_track_callsite = (_tracking_level == NMT_detail && can_walk_stack());

  }

}

// fully start nmt

void MemTracker::start() {

  // Native memory tracking is off from command line option

  if (_tracking_level == NMT_off || shutdown_in_progress()) return;

  assert(_main_thread_tid == os::current_thread_id(), "wrong thread");

  assert(_state == NMT_bootstrapping_multi_thread, "wrong state");

  _snapshot = new (std::nothrow)MemSnapshot();

  if (_snapshot != NULL) {

    if (!_snapshot->out_of_memory() && start_worker(_snapshot)) {

      _state = NMT_started;

      NMT_track_callsite = (_tracking_level == NMT_detail && can_walk_stack());

      return;

    }

    delete _snapshot;

    _snapshot = NULL;

  }

  // fail to start native memory tracking, shut it down

  shutdown(NMT_initialization);

}

/**

 * Shutting down native memory tracking.

 * We can not shutdown native memory tracking immediately, so we just

 * setup shutdown pending flag, every native memory tracking component

 * should orderly shut itself down.

 *

 * The shutdown sequences:

 *  1. MemTracker::shutdown() sets MemTracker to shutdown pending state

 *  2. Worker thread calls MemTracker::final_shutdown(), which transites

 *     MemTracker to final shutdown state.

 *  3. At sync point, MemTracker does final cleanup, before sets memory

 *     tracking level to off to complete shutdown.

 */

void MemTracker::shutdown(ShutdownReason reason) {

  if (_tracking_level == NMT_off) return;

  if (_state <= NMT_bootstrapping_single_thread) {

    // we still in single thread mode, there is not contention

    _state = NMT_shutdown_pending;

    _reason = reason;

  } else {

    // we want to know who initialized shutdown

    if ((jint)NMT_started == Atomic::cmpxchg((jint)NMT_shutdown_pending,

                                       (jint*)&_state, (jint)NMT_started)) {

        _reason = reason;

    }

  }

}

// final phase of shutdown

void MemTracker::final_shutdown() {

  // delete all pending recorders and pooled recorders

  delete_all_pending_recorders();

  delete_all_pooled_recorders();

  {

    // shared baseline and snapshot are the only objects needed to

    // create query results

    MutexLockerEx locker(_query_lock, true);

    // cleanup baseline data and snapshot

    _baseline.clear();

    delete _snapshot;

    _snapshot = NULL;

  }

  // shutdown shared decoder instance, since it is only

  // used by native memory tracking so far.

  Decoder::shutdown();

  MemTrackWorker* worker = NULL;

  {

    ThreadCritical tc;

    // can not delete worker inside the thread critical

    if (_worker_thread != NULL && Thread::current() == _worker_thread) {

      worker = _worker_thread;

      _worker_thread = NULL;

    }

  }

  if (worker != NULL) {

    delete worker;

  }

  _state = NMT_final_shutdown;

}

// delete all pooled recorders

void MemTracker::delete_all_pooled_recorders() {

  // free all pooled recorders

  MemRecorder* volatile cur_head = _pooled_recorders;

  if (cur_head != NULL) {

    MemRecorder* null_ptr = NULL;

    while (cur_head != NULL && (void*)cur_head != Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr((void*)null_ptr,

      (void*)&_pooled_recorders, (void*)cur_head)) {

      cur_head = _pooled_recorders;

    }

    if (cur_head != NULL) {

      delete cur_head;

      _pooled_recorder_count = 0;

    }

  }

}

// delete all recorders in pending queue

void MemTracker::delete_all_pending_recorders() {

  // free all pending recorders

  MemRecorder* pending_head = get_pending_recorders();

  if (pending_head != NULL) {

    delete pending_head;

  }

}

/*

 * retrieve per-thread recorder of specified thread.

 * if thread == NULL, it means global recorder

 */

MemRecorder* MemTracker::get_thread_recorder(JavaThread* thread) {

  if (shutdown_in_progress()) return NULL;

  MemRecorder* rc;

  if (thread == NULL) {

    rc = _global_recorder;

  } else {

    rc = thread->get_recorder();

  }

  if (rc != NULL && rc->is_full()) {

    enqueue_pending_recorder(rc);

    rc = NULL;

  }

  if (rc == NULL) {

    rc = get_new_or_pooled_instance();

    if (thread == NULL) {

      _global_recorder = rc;

    } else {

      thread->set_recorder(rc);

    }

  }

  return rc;

}

/*

 * get a per-thread recorder from pool, or create a new one if

 * there is not one available.

 */

MemRecorder* MemTracker::get_new_or_pooled_instance() {

   MemRecorder* cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*> (_pooled_recorders);

   if (cur_head == NULL) {

     MemRecorder* rec = new (std::nothrow)MemRecorder();

     if (rec == NULL || rec->out_of_memory()) {

       shutdown(NMT_out_of_memory);

       if (rec != NULL) {

         delete rec;

         rec = NULL;

       }

     }

     return rec;

   } else {

     MemRecorder* next_head = cur_head->next();

     if ((void*)cur_head != Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr((void*)next_head, (void*)&_pooled_recorders,

       (void*)cur_head)) {

       return get_new_or_pooled_instance();

     }

     cur_head->set_next(NULL);

     Atomic::dec(&_pooled_recorder_count);

     cur_head->set_generation();

     return cur_head;

  }

}

/*

 * retrieve all recorders in pending queue, and empty the queue

 */

MemRecorder* MemTracker::get_pending_recorders() {

  MemRecorder* cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_merge_pending_queue);

  MemRecorder* null_ptr = NULL;

  while ((void*)cur_head != Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr((void*)null_ptr, (void*)&_merge_pending_queue,

    (void*)cur_head)) {

    cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_merge_pending_queue);

  }

  NOT_PRODUCT(Atomic::store(0, &_pending_recorder_count));

  return cur_head;

}

/*

 * release a recorder to recorder pool.

 */

void MemTracker::release_thread_recorder(MemRecorder* rec) {

  assert(rec != NULL, "null recorder");

  // we don't want to pool too many recorders

  rec->set_next(NULL);

  if (shutdown_in_progress() || _pooled_recorder_count > _thread_count * 2) {

    delete rec;

    return;

  }

  rec->clear();

  MemRecorder* cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_pooled_recorders);

  rec->set_next(cur_head);

  while ((void*)cur_head != Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr((void*)rec, (void*)&_pooled_recorders,

    (void*)cur_head)) {

    cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_pooled_recorders);

    rec->set_next(cur_head);

  }

  Atomic::inc(&_pooled_recorder_count);

}

/*

 * This is the most important method in whole nmt implementation.

 *

 * Create a memory record.

 * 1. When nmt is in single-threaded bootstrapping mode, no lock is needed as VM

 *    still in single thread mode.

 * 2. For all threads other than JavaThread, ThreadCritical is needed

 *    to write to recorders to global recorder.

 * 3. For JavaThreads that are not longer visible by safepoint, also

 *    need to take ThreadCritical and records are written to global

 *    recorders, since these threads are NOT walked by Threads.do_thread().

 * 4. JavaThreads that are running in native state, have to transition

 *    to VM state before writing to per-thread recorders.

 * 5. JavaThreads that are running in VM state do not need any lock and

 *    records are written to per-thread recorders.

 * 6. For a thread has yet to attach VM 'Thread', they need to take

 *    ThreadCritical to write to global recorder.

 *

 *    Important note:

 *    NO LOCK should be taken inside ThreadCritical lock !!!

 */

void MemTracker::create_memory_record(address addr, MEMFLAGS flags,

    size_t size, address pc, Thread* thread) {

  assert(addr != NULL, "Sanity check");

  if (!shutdown_in_progress()) {

    // single thread, we just write records direct to global recorder,'

    // with any lock

    if (_state == NMT_bootstrapping_single_thread) {

      assert(_main_thread_tid == os::current_thread_id(), "wrong thread");

      thread = NULL;

    } else {

      if (thread == NULL) {

          // don't use Thread::current(), since it is possible that

          // the calling thread has yet to attach to VM 'Thread',

          // which will result assertion failure

          thread = ThreadLocalStorage::thread();

      }

    }

    if (thread != NULL) {

      // slow down all calling threads except NMT worker thread, so it

      // can catch up.

      if (_slowdown_calling_thread && thread != _worker_thread) {

        os::yield_all();

      }

      if (thread->is_Java_thread() && ((JavaThread*)thread)->is_safepoint_visible()) {

        JavaThread*      java_thread = (JavaThread*)thread;

        JavaThreadState  state = java_thread->thread_state();

        if (SafepointSynchronize::safepoint_safe(java_thread, state)) {

          // JavaThreads that are safepoint safe, can run through safepoint,

          // so ThreadCritical is needed to ensure no threads at safepoint create

          // new records while the records are being gathered and the sequence number is changing

          ThreadCritical tc;

          create_record_in_recorder(addr, flags, size, pc, java_thread);

        } else {

          create_record_in_recorder(addr, flags, size, pc, java_thread);

        }

      } else {

        // other threads, such as worker and watcher threads, etc. need to

        // take ThreadCritical to write to global recorder

        ThreadCritical tc;

        create_record_in_recorder(addr, flags, size, pc, NULL);

      }

    } else {

      if (_state == NMT_bootstrapping_single_thread) {

        // single thread, no lock needed

        create_record_in_recorder(addr, flags, size, pc, NULL);

      } else {

        // for thread has yet to attach VM 'Thread', we can not use VM mutex.

        // use native thread critical instead

        ThreadCritical tc;

        create_record_in_recorder(addr, flags, size, pc, NULL);

      }

    }

  }

}

// write a record to proper recorder. No lock can be taken from this method

// down.

void MemTracker::create_record_in_recorder(address addr, MEMFLAGS flags,

    size_t size, address pc, JavaThread* thread) {

    MemRecorder* rc = get_thread_recorder(thread);

    if (rc != NULL) {

      rc->record(addr, flags, size, pc);

    }

}

/**

 * enqueue a recorder to pending queue

 */

void MemTracker::enqueue_pending_recorder(MemRecorder* rec) {

  assert(rec != NULL, "null recorder");

  // we are shutting down, so just delete it

  if (shutdown_in_progress()) {

    rec->set_next(NULL);

    delete rec;

    return;

  }

  MemRecorder* cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_merge_pending_queue);

  rec->set_next(cur_head);

  while ((void*)cur_head != Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr((void*)rec, (void*)&_merge_pending_queue,

    (void*)cur_head)) {

    cur_head = const_cast<MemRecorder*>(_merge_pending_queue);

    rec->set_next(cur_head);

  }

  NOT_PRODUCT(Atomic::inc(&_pending_recorder_count);)

}

/*

 * The method is called at global safepoint

 * during it synchronization process.

 *   1. enqueue all JavaThreads' per-thread recorders

 *   2. enqueue global recorder

 *   3. retrieve all pending recorders

 *   4. reset global sequence number generator

 *   5. call worker's sync

 */

#define MAX_SAFEPOINTS_TO_SKIP     128

#define SAFE_SEQUENCE_THRESHOLD    30

#define HIGH_GENERATION_THRESHOLD  60

#define MAX_RECORDER_THREAD_RATIO  30

void MemTracker::sync() {

  assert(_tracking_level > NMT_off, "NMT is not enabled");

  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "Safepoint required");

  // Some GC tests hit large number of safepoints in short period of time

  // without meaningful activities. We should prevent going to

  // sync point in these cases, which can potentially exhaust generation buffer.

  // Here is the factots to determine if we should go into sync point:

  // 1. not to overflow sequence number

  // 2. if we are in danger to overflow generation buffer

  // 3. how many safepoints we already skipped sync point

  if (_state == NMT_started) {

    // worker thread is not ready, no one can manage generation

    // buffer, so skip this safepoint

    if (_worker_thread == NULL) return;

    if (_sync_point_skip_count < MAX_SAFEPOINTS_TO_SKIP) {

      int per_seq_in_use = SequenceGenerator::peek() * 100 / max_jint;

      int per_gen_in_use = _worker_thread->generations_in_use() * 100 / MAX_GENERATIONS;

      if (per_seq_in_use < SAFE_SEQUENCE_THRESHOLD && per_gen_in_use >= HIGH_GENERATION_THRESHOLD) {

        _sync_point_skip_count ++;

        return;

      }

    }

    _sync_point_skip_count = 0;

    {

      // This method is running at safepoint, with ThreadCritical lock,

      // it should guarantee that NMT is fully sync-ed.

      ThreadCritical tc;

      SequenceGenerator::reset();

      // walk all JavaThreads to collect recorders

      SyncThreadRecorderClosure stc;

      Threads::threads_do(&stc);

      _thread_count = stc.get_thread_count();

      MemRecorder* pending_recorders = get_pending_recorders();

      if (_global_recorder != NULL) {

        _global_recorder->set_next(pending_recorders);

        pending_recorders = _global_recorder;

        _global_recorder = NULL;

      }

      // see if NMT has too many outstanding recorder instances, it usually

      // means that worker thread is lagging behind in processing them.

      if (!AutoShutdownNMT) {

        _slowdown_calling_thread = (MemRecorder::_instance_count > MAX_RECORDER_THREAD_RATIO * _thread_count);

      }

      // check _worker_thread with lock to avoid racing condition

      if (_worker_thread != NULL) {

        _worker_thread->at_sync_point(pending_recorders, InstanceKlass::number_of_instance_classes());

      }

      assert(SequenceGenerator::peek() == 1, "Should not have memory activities during sync-point");

    }

  }

  // now, it is the time to shut whole things off

  if (_state == NMT_final_shutdown) {

    // walk all JavaThreads to delete all recorders

    SyncThreadRecorderClosure stc;