/*

 * Copyright (c) 2018, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * Copyright (c) 2018, 2019 SAP SE. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "logging/log.hpp"

#include "logging/logStream.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/chunkManager.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/internStat.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/metachunk.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/metaDebug.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/metaspaceCommon.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/metaspaceStatistics.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/smallBlocks.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/spaceManager.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace/virtualSpaceList.hpp"

#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"

#include "runtime/init.hpp"

#include "services/memoryService.hpp"

#include "utilities/align.hpp"

#include "utilities/debug.hpp"

#include "utilities/globalDefinitions.hpp"

namespace metaspace {

#define LOGFMT_SPCMGR         "SpcMgr @" PTR_FORMAT " (%s)"

#define LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS    p2i(this), this->_name

// Given a net allocation word size, return the raw word size

// we need to actually allocate in order to:

// 1) be able to deallocate the allocation - deallocated blocks are stored either in SmallBlocks

//    (an array of short lists) or, beyond a certain size, in a dictionary tree.

//    For that to work the allocated block must be at least three words.

// 2) be aligned to sizeof(void*)

// Note: externally visible for gtests.

//static

size_t get_raw_allocation_word_size(size_t net_word_size) {

  size_t byte_size = net_word_size * BytesPerWord;

  byte_size = MAX2(byte_size, (size_t)SmallBlocks::small_block_min_byte_size());

  byte_size = align_up(byte_size, Metachunk::allocation_alignment_bytes);

  size_t word_size = byte_size / BytesPerWord;

  assert(word_size * BytesPerWord == byte_size, "Sanity");

  return word_size;

}

static const size_t highest_possible_delta_between_raw_and_net_size = get_raw_allocation_word_size(1) - 1;

// The inverse function to get_raw_allocation_word_size: Given a raw size, return the max net word size

// fitting into it.

static size_t get_net_allocation_word_size(size_t raw_word_size) {

  size_t byte_size = raw_word_size * BytesPerWord;

  byte_size = align_down(byte_size, Metachunk::allocation_alignment_bytes);

  if (byte_size < SmallBlocks::small_block_min_byte_size()) {

    return 0;

  }

  return byte_size / BytesPerWord;

}

// Given a requested word size, will allocate a chunk large enough to at least fit that

// size, but may be larger according to internal heuristics.

//

// On success, it will replace the current chunk with the newly allocated one, which will

// become the current chunk. The old current chunk should be retired beforehand.

//

// May fail if we could not allocate a new chunk. In that case the current chunk remains

// unchanged and false is returned.

bool SpaceManager::allocate_new_current_chunk(size_t requested_word_size) {

  assert_lock_strong(lock());

  guarantee(requested_word_size <= chklvl::MAX_CHUNK_WORD_SIZE,

            "Requested size too large (" SIZE_FORMAT ") - max allowed size per allocation is " SIZE_FORMAT ".",

            requested_word_size, chklvl::MAX_CHUNK_WORD_SIZE);

  // If we have a current chunk, it should have been retired (almost empty) beforehand.

  // See: retire_current_chunk().

  assert(current_chunk() == NULL ||

         (_is_micro_loader || current_chunk()->free_below_committed_words() <= 10), "Must retire chunk beforehand");

  const chklvl_t min_level = chklvl::level_fitting_word_size(requested_word_size);

  chklvl_t pref_level = _chunk_alloc_sequence->get_next_chunk_level(_chunks.size());

  if (pref_level > min_level) {

    pref_level = min_level;

  }

  log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": requested word size_ " SIZE_FORMAT ", num chunks so far: %d, preferred level: "

                       CHKLVL_FORMAT ", min level: " CHKLVL_FORMAT ".",

                       LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, requested_word_size, _chunks.size(), pref_level, min_level);

  Metachunk* c = _chunk_manager->get_chunk(min_level, pref_level);

  if (c == NULL) {

    log_debug(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": failed to allocate new chunk for requested word size " SIZE_FORMAT ".",

                         LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, requested_word_size);

    return false;

  }

  assert(c->is_in_use(), "Wrong chunk state.");

  assert(c->level() <= min_level && c->level() >= pref_level, "Sanity");

  _chunks.add(c);

  log_debug(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": allocated new chunk " METACHUNK_FORMAT " for requested word size " SIZE_FORMAT ".",

                       LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, METACHUNK_FORMAT_ARGS(c), requested_word_size);

  // Workaround for JDK-8233019: never return space allocated at a 32bit aligned address

  if (Settings::do_not_return_32bit_aligned_addresses() &&

      (((intptr_t)c->base()) & 0xFFFFFFFF) == 0)

  {

    bool ignored;

    c->allocate(1, &ignored);

    _total_used_words_counter->increment();

  }

  return c;

}

void SpaceManager::create_block_freelist() {

  assert(_block_freelist == NULL, "Only call once");

  _block_freelist = new BlockFreelist();

}

void SpaceManager::add_allocation_to_block_freelist(MetaWord* p, size_t word_size) {

  if (_block_freelist == NULL) {

    _block_freelist = new BlockFreelist(); // Create only on demand

  }

  _block_freelist->return_block(p, word_size);

}

SpaceManager::SpaceManager(ChunkManager* chunk_manager,

             const ChunkAllocSequence* alloc_sequence,

             Mutex* lock,

             SizeAtomicCounter* total_used_words_counter,

             const char* name,

             bool is_micro_loader)

: _lock(lock),

  _chunk_manager(chunk_manager),

  _chunk_alloc_sequence(alloc_sequence),

  _chunks(),

  _total_used_words_counter(total_used_words_counter),

  _name(name),

  _is_micro_loader(is_micro_loader)

{

}

SpaceManager::~SpaceManager() {

  MutexLocker fcl(lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

  Metachunk* c = _chunks.first();

  Metachunk* c2 = NULL;

  while(c) {

    // c may become invalid. Take care while iterating.

    c2 = c->next();

    _total_used_words_counter->decrement_by(c->used_words());

    _chunks.remove(c);

    _chunk_manager->return_chunk(c);

    c = c2;

  }

  DEBUG_ONLY(chunk_manager()->verify(true);)

  delete _block_freelist;

}

// The remaining committed free space in the current chunk is chopped up and stored in the block

// free list for later use. As a result, the current chunk will remain current but completely

// used up. This is a preparation for calling allocate_new_current_chunk().

void SpaceManager::retire_current_chunk() {

  assert_lock_strong(lock());

  Metachunk* c = current_chunk();

  assert(c != NULL, "Sanity");

  // Side note:

  // In theory it could happen that we are asked to retire a completely empty chunk. This may be the

  // result of rolled back allocations (see deallocate in place) and a lot of luck.

  // But since these cases should be exceedingly rare, we do not handle them special in order to keep

  // the code simple.

  size_t raw_remaining_words = c->free_below_committed_words();

  size_t net_remaining_words = get_net_allocation_word_size(raw_remaining_words);

  // Note: Micro class loaders (lambdas, reflection) are typically the vast majority of loaders. They

  //  will typically only once - if at all - ever retire a chunk, and the remaining size is typically

  //  very small.

  // That means that the structure needed to manage this left over space will not see much action. However,

  //  that structure is expensive as well (pointer lists) and therefore we only should generate it if the

  //  benefit of managing free space out-weights the costs for that structure.

  // Non-micro loaders may continue loading, deallocating and retiring more chunks, so the cost of that

  //  structure may amortize over time. But micro loaders probably never will.

  const size_t dont_bother_below_word_size = _is_micro_loader ? 64 : 0;

  if (net_remaining_words > dont_bother_below_word_size) {

    log_debug(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR " @" PTR_FORMAT " : retiring chunk " METACHUNK_FULL_FORMAT ".",

                         LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, p2i(this), METACHUNK_FULL_FORMAT_ARGS(c));

    bool did_hit_limit = false;

    MetaWord* ptr = c->allocate(net_remaining_words, &did_hit_limit);

    assert(ptr != NULL && did_hit_limit == false, "Should have worked");

    _total_used_words_counter->increment_by(net_remaining_words);

    // After this operation: the current chunk should have (almost) no free committed space left.

    assert(current_chunk()->free_below_committed_words() <= highest_possible_delta_between_raw_and_net_size,

           "Chunk retiring did not work (current chunk " METACHUNK_FULL_FORMAT ").",

           METACHUNK_FULL_FORMAT_ARGS(current_chunk()));

    DEBUG_ONLY(verify_locked();)

    DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_chunks_retired();)

  }

}

// Allocate memory from Metaspace.

// 1) Attempt to allocate from the dictionary of deallocated blocks.

// 2) Attempt to allocate from the current chunk.

// 3) Attempt to enlarge the current chunk in place if it is too small.

// 4) Attempt to get a new chunk and allocate from that chunk.

// At any point, if we hit a commit limit, we return NULL.

MetaWord* SpaceManager::allocate(size_t requested_word_size) {

  MutexLocker cl(lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

  const size_t raw_word_size = get_raw_allocation_word_size(requested_word_size);

  log_debug(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": requested " SIZE_FORMAT " words, "

                       "raw word size: " SIZE_FORMAT ".",

                       LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, requested_word_size, raw_word_size);

  MetaWord* p = NULL;

  bool did_hit_limit = false;

  // Allocate first chunk if needed.

  if (current_chunk() == NULL) {

    if (allocate_new_current_chunk(raw_word_size) == false) {

      did_hit_limit = true;

    } else {

      assert(current_chunk() != NULL && current_chunk()->free_words() >= raw_word_size, "Sanity");

    }

  }

  // 1) Attempt to allocate from the dictionary of deallocated blocks.

  // Allocation from the dictionary is expensive in the sense that

  // the dictionary has to be searched for a size.  Don't allocate

  // from the dictionary until it starts to get fat.  Is this

  // a reasonable policy?  Maybe an skinny dictionary is fast enough

  // for allocations.  Do some profiling.  JJJ

  if (_block_freelist != NULL && _block_freelist->total_size() > Settings::allocation_from_dictionary_limit()) {

    p = _block_freelist->get_block(raw_word_size);

    if (p != NULL) {

      DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_allocs_from_deallocated_blocks();)

      log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": .. taken from freelist.", LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS);

      // Note: space in the freeblock dictionary counts as used (see retire_current_chunk()) -

      // that means that we must not increase the used counter again when allocating from the dictionary.

      // Therefore we return here.

      return p;

    }

  }

  // 2) Failing that, attempt to allocate from the current chunk. If we hit commit limit, return NULL.

  if (p == NULL && !did_hit_limit) {

    p = current_chunk()->allocate(raw_word_size, &did_hit_limit);

    log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": .. taken from current chunk.", LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS);

  }

  // 3) Failing that because the remaining chunk space is too small for the requested size

  //     (and not because commit limit), attempt to enlarge the chunk in place.

  if (p == NULL && !did_hit_limit) {

    // Since we did not hit the commit limit, the current chunk must have been too small.

    assert(current_chunk()->free_words() < raw_word_size, "Sanity");

    DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_allocs_failed_chunk_too_small();)

    // Under certain conditions we can just attempt to enlarge the chunk - fusing it with its follower

    // chunk to produce a chunk double the size (level decreased by 1).

    // 0) only if it is not switched off

    // 1) obviously, this only works for non-root chunks

    // 2) ... which are leader of their buddy pair.

    // 3) only if the requested allocation would fit into a thus enlarged chunk

    // 4) do not grow memory faster than what the chunk allocation strategy would allow

    // 5) as a safety feature, only below a certain limit

    if (Settings::enlarge_chunks_in_place() &&              // 0

        current_chunk()->is_root_chunk() == false &&        // 1

        current_chunk()->is_leader() &&                     // 2

        current_chunk()->word_size() + current_chunk()->free_words() >= requested_word_size &&      // 3

        _chunk_alloc_sequence->get_next_chunk_level(_chunks.size()) <= current_chunk()->level() &&  // 4

        current_chunk()->word_size() <= Settings::enlarge_chunks_in_place_max_word_size())          // 5

    {

      if (_chunk_manager->attempt_enlarge_chunk(current_chunk())) {

        // Re-attempt allocation.

        p = current_chunk()->allocate(raw_word_size, &did_hit_limit);

        if (p != NULL) {

          DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_chunk_enlarged();)

          log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": .. taken from current chunk (enlarged chunk).", LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS);

        }

      }

    }

  }

  // 4) Failing that, attempt to get a new chunk and allocate from that chunk. Again, we may hit a commit

  //    limit, in which case we return NULL.

  if (p == NULL && !did_hit_limit) {

    // Since we did not hit the commit limit, the current chunk must have been too small.

    assert(current_chunk()->free_words() < raw_word_size, "Sanity");

    // Before we allocate a new chunk we need to retire the old chunk, which is too small to serve our request

    // but may still have free committed words.

    retire_current_chunk();

    // Allocate a new chunk.

    if (allocate_new_current_chunk(raw_word_size) == false) {

      did_hit_limit = true;

    } else {

      assert(current_chunk() != NULL && current_chunk()->free_words() >= raw_word_size, "Sanity");

      p = current_chunk()->allocate(raw_word_size, &did_hit_limit);

      log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": .. allocated new chunk " CHKLVL_FORMAT " and taken from that.",

                           LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, current_chunk()->level());

    }

  }

  assert(p != NULL || (p == NULL && did_hit_limit), "Sanity");

  SOMETIMES(verify_locked();)

  if (p == NULL) {

    DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_allocs_failed_limit();)

  } else {

    DEBUG_ONLY(InternalStats::inc_num_allocs();)

    _total_used_words_counter->increment_by(raw_word_size);

  }

  log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": returned " PTR_FORMAT ".",

                       LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, p2i(p));

  return p;

}

// Prematurely returns a metaspace allocation to the _block_freelists

// because it is not needed anymore (requires CLD lock to be active).

void SpaceManager::deallocate_locked(MetaWord* p, size_t word_size) {

  assert_lock_strong(lock());

  // Allocations and deallocations are in raw_word_size

  size_t raw_word_size = get_raw_allocation_word_size(word_size);

  log_debug(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": deallocating " PTR_FORMAT

                       ", word size: " SIZE_FORMAT ", raw size: " SIZE_FORMAT ".",

                       LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS, p2i(p), word_size, raw_word_size);

  assert(current_chunk() != NULL, "SpaceManager is empty.");

  assert(is_valid_area(p, word_size),

         "Pointer range not part of this SpaceManager and cannot be deallocated: (" PTR_FORMAT ".." PTR_FORMAT ").",

         p2i(p), p2i(p + word_size));

  // If this allocation has just been allocated from the current chunk, it may still be on the top of the

  // current chunk. In that case, just roll back the allocation.

  if (current_chunk()->attempt_rollback_allocation(p, raw_word_size)) {

    log_trace(metaspace)(LOGFMT_SPCMGR ": ... rollback succeeded.", LOGFMT_SPCMGR_ARGS);

    return;

  }

  DEBUG_ONLY(verify_locked();)

}

// Prematurely returns a metaspace allocation to the _block_freelists because it is not

// needed anymore.

void SpaceManager::deallocate(MetaWord* p, size_t word_size) {

  MutexLocker cl(lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

  deallocate_locked(p, word_size);

}

// Update statistics. This walks all in-use chunks.

void SpaceManager::add_to_statistics(sm_stats_t* out) const {

  MutexLocker cl(lock(), Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

  for (const Metachunk* c = _chunks.first(); c != NULL; c = c->next()) {

    in_use_chunk_stats_t& ucs = out->stats[c->level()];

    ucs.num ++;

    ucs.word_size += c->word_size();

    ucs.committed_words += c->committed_words();

    ucs.used_words += c->used_words();

    // Note: for free and waste, we only count what's committed.

    if (c == current_chunk()) {

      ucs.free_words += c->free_below_committed_words();

    } else {

      ucs.waste_words += c->free_below_committed_words();

    }

  }