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#
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# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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#
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# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this
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# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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# by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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#
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# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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# accompanied this code).
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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#
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# Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
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# CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
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# have any questions.
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#
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# <pre>
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3739
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# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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2
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# This file also includes Pacific islands.
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# Notes are at the end of this file
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###############################################################################
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# Australia
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# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
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Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
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# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
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# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
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# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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# Northern Territory
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Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - CST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus CST
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# Western Australia
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
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8:00 AW WST
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Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
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8:45 AW CWST
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# Queensland
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#
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# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
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# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
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# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
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# Queensland ceased to.
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
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# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
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# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
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# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
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# so use Lindeman.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AQ EST
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Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
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10:00 Holiday EST
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# South Australia
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - CST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus CST 1971
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9:30 AS CST
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# Tasmania
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
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# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
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# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1967
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10:00 AT EST
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Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
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10:00 AT EST
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# Victoria
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus EST 1971
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10:00 AV EST
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# New South Wales
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
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199 |
Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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200 |
Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
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201 |
Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
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202 |
Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
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203 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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204 |
Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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205 |
10:00 Aus EST 1971
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206 |
10:00 AN EST
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207 |
Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
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208 |
10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
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209 |
9:00 - CST 1899 May
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210 |
9:30 Aus CST 1971
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211 |
9:30 AN CST 2000
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212 |
9:30 AS CST
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213 |
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214 |
# Lord Howe Island
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215 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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216 |
Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
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217 |
Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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218 |
Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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219 |
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
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220 |
Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
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221 |
Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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222 |
Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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223 |
Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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224 |
Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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225 |
Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
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226 |
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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227 |
Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
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228 |
Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
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229 |
Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
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230 |
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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231 |
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
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232 |
10:30 LH LHST
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233 |
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234 |
# Australian miscellany
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235 |
#
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236 |
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
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237 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
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238 |
# no times are set
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239 |
#
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240 |
# Coral Sea Is
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241 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
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242 |
# no times are set
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243 |
#
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244 |
# Macquarie
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245 |
# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
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246 |
# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
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247 |
# like Australia/Hobart
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248 |
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249 |
# Christmas
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250 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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251 |
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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252 |
7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
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253 |
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254 |
# Cook Is
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255 |
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
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256 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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257 |
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
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258 |
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
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259 |
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
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260 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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261 |
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
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262 |
-10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
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263 |
-10:00 Cook CK%sT
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264 |
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265 |
# Cocos
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266 |
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
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267 |
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
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268 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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269 |
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
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270 |
6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
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271 |
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272 |
# Fiji
|
|
4959
|
273 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
|
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|
274 |
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
|
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|
275 |
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
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|
276 |
#
|
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|
277 |
# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
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|
278 |
# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
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|
279 |
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
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|
280 |
# </a>
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|
281 |
# or
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|
282 |
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
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|
283 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
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|
284 |
# </a>
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|
|
285 |
|
|
|
286 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
|
|
|
287 |
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
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|
288 |
# amendments:
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|
|
289 |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
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|
290 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
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|
291 |
# </a>
|
|
5130
|
292 |
|
|
|
293 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
|
|
|
294 |
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
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|
295 |
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
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|
296 |
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
|
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|
297 |
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
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|
298 |
#
|
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|
299 |
# Official source:
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|
|
300 |
# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
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|
301 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
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|
302 |
# </a>
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|
|
303 |
#
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|
|
304 |
# A bit more background info here:
|
|
|
305 |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
|
|
|
306 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
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|
307 |
# </a>
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|
|
308 |
|
|
2
|
309 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
310 |
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
311 |
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
4959
|
312 |
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
5130
|
313 |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
|
314 |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
315 |
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
2
|
316 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
317 |
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
|
|
|
318 |
12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
|
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
320 |
# French Polynesia
|
|
|
321 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
322 |
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
|
|
|
323 |
-9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
|
|
|
324 |
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
|
|
|
325 |
-9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
|
|
|
326 |
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
|
|
|
327 |
-10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
|
|
|
328 |
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
|
|
|
329 |
# it is uninhabited.
|
|
|
330 |
|
|
|
331 |
# Guam
|
|
|
332 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
333 |
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
|
|
334 |
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
|
|
|
335 |
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
|
|
|
336 |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
|
|
337 |
|
|
|
338 |
# Kiribati
|
|
|
339 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
340 |
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
|
|
|
341 |
12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
|
|
|
342 |
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
343 |
-12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
|
|
|
344 |
-11:00 - PHOT 1995
|
|
|
345 |
13:00 - PHOT
|
|
|
346 |
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
347 |
-10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
|
|
|
348 |
-10:00 - LINT 1995
|
|
|
349 |
14:00 - LINT
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
351 |
# N Mariana Is
|
|
|
352 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
353 |
Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
|
|
354 |
9:43:00 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
355 |
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
|
|
|
356 |
10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
|
|
|
357 |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
359 |
# Marshall Is
|
|
|
360 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
361 |
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
362 |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
|
|
|
363 |
12:00 - MHT
|
|
|
364 |
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
365 |
11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
|
|
|
366 |
-12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
|
|
|
367 |
12:00 - MHT
|
|
|
368 |
|
|
|
369 |
# Micronesia
|
|
|
370 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
371 |
Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
372 |
10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
|
|
|
373 |
Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
|
|
|
374 |
11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
|
|
|
375 |
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
376 |
11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
|
|
|
377 |
12:00 - KOST 1999
|
|
|
378 |
11:00 - KOST
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
380 |
# Nauru
|
|
|
381 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
382 |
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
|
|
|
383 |
11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
|
|
|
384 |
9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
|
|
|
385 |
11:30 - NRT 1979 May
|
|
|
386 |
12:00 - NRT
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
388 |
# New Caledonia
|
|
|
389 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
390 |
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
391 |
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
392 |
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
|
393 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
|
|
|
394 |
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
395 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
396 |
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
|
|
|
397 |
11:00 NC NC%sT
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
|
400 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
402 |
# New Zealand
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
404 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
405 |
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
406 |
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
407 |
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
|
408 |
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
409 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
410 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
|
411 |
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
|
|
|
412 |
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
|
|
|
413 |
# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
|
|
|
414 |
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
415 |
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
416 |
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
417 |
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
418 |
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
419 |
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
420 |
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
421 |
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
422 |
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
423 |
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
424 |
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
425 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
426 |
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
427 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
428 |
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
429 |
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
430 |
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
431 |
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
432 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
433 |
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
|
|
434 |
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
|
|
|
435 |
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
|
|
|
436 |
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
|
|
|
437 |
12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
|
|
|
438 |
|
|
|
439 |
|
|
|
440 |
# Auckland Is
|
|
|
441 |
# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
|
|
|
442 |
# and scientific personnel have wintered
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
444 |
# Campbell I
|
|
|
445 |
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
|
|
|
446 |
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
|
|
|
447 |
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
|
|
|
448 |
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
450 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
453 |
# Niue
|
|
|
454 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
455 |
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
|
|
|
456 |
-11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
|
|
|
457 |
-11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
|
|
|
458 |
-11:00 - NUT
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
460 |
# Norfolk
|
|
|
461 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
462 |
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
|
|
|
463 |
11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
|
|
|
464 |
11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
466 |
# Palau (Belau)
|
|
|
467 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
468 |
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
|
|
|
469 |
9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
471 |
# Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
472 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
473 |
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
|
|
|
474 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
|
|
|
475 |
10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
477 |
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
478 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
479 |
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
|
|
|
480 |
-8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
|
|
|
481 |
-8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
483 |
# American Samoa
|
|
|
484 |
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
|
485 |
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
|
|
|
486 |
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
|
|
|
487 |
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
|
|
488 |
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
|
|
489 |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
|
|
490 |
|
|
|
491 |
# Samoa
|
|
3739
|
492 |
|
|
5130
|
493 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
|
|
|
494 |
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
|
|
|
495 |
# the following info:
|
|
4279
|
496 |
#
|
|
5130
|
497 |
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
|
|
|
498 |
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
|
|
|
499 |
# Sunday of April 2011."
|
|
|
500 |
#
|
|
|
501 |
# Background info:
|
|
4279
|
502 |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
|
|
|
503 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
|
|
|
504 |
# </a>
|
|
|
505 |
#
|
|
5130
|
506 |
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
|
|
|
507 |
# contain any dates:
|
|
|
508 |
# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
|
|
|
509 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
|
|
|
510 |
# </a>
|
|
4279
|
511 |
|
|
2
|
512 |
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
|
513 |
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
|
|
|
514 |
-11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
|
|
5137
|
515 |
-11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
|
|
5130
|
516 |
-11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3
|
|
4279
|
517 |
-11:00 - WST
|
|
2
|
518 |
|
|
|
519 |
# Solomon Is
|
|
|
520 |
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
521 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
522 |
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
|
|
|
523 |
11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
|
|
|
524 |
|
|
|
525 |
# Tokelau Is
|
|
|
526 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
527 |
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
528 |
-10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
|
|
|
529 |
|
|
|
530 |
# Tonga
|
|
|
531 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
532 |
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
|
533 |
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
534 |
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
535 |
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
|
536 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
537 |
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
538 |
12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
|
|
|
539 |
13:00 - TOT 1999
|
|
|
540 |
13:00 Tonga TO%sT
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
542 |
# Tuvalu
|
|
|
543 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
544 |
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
545 |
12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
548 |
# US minor outlying islands
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
550 |
# Howland, Baker
|
|
|
551 |
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
|
|
|
552 |
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
|
|
|
553 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
|
|
|
554 |
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
|
|
555 |
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
|
|
|
556 |
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
|
|
|
557 |
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
|
|
|
558 |
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
|
|
|
559 |
# until they were abandoned after the war.
|
|
|
560 |
|
|
|
561 |
# Jarvis
|
|
|
562 |
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
|
|
|
563 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
|
|
|
564 |
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
|
|
565 |
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
567 |
# Johnston
|
|
|
568 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
569 |
Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
|
|
|
570 |
|
|
|
571 |
# Kingman
|
|
|
572 |
# uninhabited
|
|
|
573 |
|
|
|
574 |
# Midway
|
|
|
575 |
#
|
|
|
576 |
# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
|
|
|
577 |
# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
|
|
|
578 |
# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
|
|
|
579 |
# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
|
|
|
580 |
# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
|
|
|
581 |
# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
|
|
|
582 |
# designations that I've never seen before:....
|
|
|
583 |
# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
|
|
|
584 |
# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
|
|
|
585 |
#
|
|
|
586 |
Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
587 |
-11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
|
|
|
588 |
-11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
|
|
|
589 |
-11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
|
|
|
590 |
-11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
|
|
|
591 |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
593 |
# Palmyra
|
|
|
594 |
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
596 |
# Wake
|
|
|
597 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
598 |
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
599 |
12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
602 |
# Vanuatu
|
|
|
603 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
604 |
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
605 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
606 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
607 |
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
608 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
609 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
610 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
611 |
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
|
|
|
612 |
11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
|
|
|
613 |
|
|
|
614 |
# Wallis and Futuna
|
|
|
615 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
616 |
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
|
617 |
12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
|
|
|
618 |
|
|
|
619 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
620 |
|
|
|
621 |
# NOTES
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
623 |
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
|
|
624 |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
|
|
625 |
# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
627 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
628 |
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
|
|
|
629 |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
|
|
|
630 |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
|
|
|
631 |
#
|
|
|
632 |
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
|
|
|
633 |
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
|
|
|
634 |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
|
|
|
635 |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
|
|
|
636 |
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
|
|
|
637 |
#
|
|
|
638 |
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
|
|
|
639 |
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
|
|
|
640 |
#
|
|
|
641 |
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
|
|
|
642 |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
|
|
|
643 |
# I found in the UCLA library.
|
|
|
644 |
#
|
|
|
645 |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
|
|
|
646 |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
|
|
|
647 |
#
|
|
|
648 |
# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
|
|
|
649 |
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
|
|
|
650 |
# Corrections are welcome!
|
|
|
651 |
# std dst
|
|
|
652 |
# LMT Local Mean Time
|
|
|
653 |
# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
|
|
|
654 |
# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
|
|
|
655 |
# 9:00 JST Japan
|
|
|
656 |
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
|
|
|
657 |
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
|
|
|
658 |
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
|
|
|
659 |
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
|
|
|
660 |
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
|
|
|
661 |
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
|
|
|
662 |
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
|
|
|
663 |
# -11:00 SST Samoa
|
|
|
664 |
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
|
|
|
665 |
# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
|
|
|
666 |
#
|
|
|
667 |
# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
|
|
|
668 |
# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
|
|
|
669 |
|
|
|
670 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
671 |
|
|
|
672 |
# Australia
|
|
|
673 |
|
|
|
674 |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
|
|
|
675 |
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
|
|
|
676 |
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
|
|
|
677 |
# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
679 |
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
|
|
|
680 |
# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
|
|
|
681 |
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
|
|
|
682 |
# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
|
|
|
683 |
|
|
|
684 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
685 |
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
|
|
|
686 |
# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
|
|
|
687 |
# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
|
|
|
688 |
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
|
|
|
689 |
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
|
|
|
690 |
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
|
|
|
691 |
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
|
|
|
692 |
# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
|
|
|
693 |
# time'.
|
|
|
694 |
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
|
|
|
695 |
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
|
|
|
696 |
# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
|
|
|
697 |
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
|
|
|
698 |
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
|
|
|
699 |
# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
|
|
|
700 |
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
702 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
703 |
# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
|
|
|
704 |
# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
|
|
|
705 |
# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
|
|
|
706 |
# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
|
|
|
707 |
|
|
|
708 |
# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
|
|
|
709 |
# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
|
|
|
710 |
# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
|
|
|
711 |
# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
|
|
|
712 |
# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
|
|
|
713 |
|
|
|
714 |
# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
|
|
|
715 |
# versus "AEST" etc.:
|
|
|
716 |
#
|
|
|
717 |
# I see the following points of dispute:
|
|
|
718 |
#
|
|
|
719 |
# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
|
|
|
720 |
#
|
|
|
721 |
# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
|
|
|
722 |
# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
|
|
|
723 |
# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
|
|
|
724 |
# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
|
|
|
725 |
# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
|
|
|
726 |
# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
|
|
|
727 |
# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
|
|
|
728 |
# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
|
|
|
729 |
#
|
|
|
730 |
# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
|
|
|
731 |
# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
|
|
|
732 |
# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
|
|
|
733 |
# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
|
|
|
734 |
#
|
|
|
735 |
# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
|
|
|
736 |
#
|
|
|
737 |
# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
|
|
|
738 |
# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
|
|
|
739 |
# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
|
|
|
740 |
# Time, for example.
|
|
|
741 |
#
|
|
|
742 |
# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
|
|
|
743 |
# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
|
|
|
744 |
# tiebreaker.
|
|
|
745 |
#
|
|
|
746 |
# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
|
|
|
747 |
# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
|
|
|
748 |
# the word "Australian"?
|
|
|
749 |
#
|
|
|
750 |
# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
|
|
|
751 |
# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
|
|
|
752 |
# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
|
|
|
753 |
# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
|
|
|
754 |
# following count of page hits:
|
|
|
755 |
#
|
|
|
756 |
# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
|
757 |
# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
|
|
|
758 |
# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
|
759 |
# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
|
|
|
760 |
#
|
|
|
761 |
# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
|
|
|
762 |
# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
|
|
|
763 |
# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
|
|
|
764 |
# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
|
|
|
765 |
#
|
|
|
766 |
# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
|
|
|
767 |
# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
|
|
|
768 |
# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
|
|
|
769 |
# are the hit counts anyway:
|
|
|
770 |
#
|
|
|
771 |
# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
|
|
|
772 |
# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
|
|
|
773 |
# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
|
|
|
774 |
# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
|
|
|
775 |
#
|
|
|
776 |
# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
|
|
|
777 |
# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
|
|
|
778 |
# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
|
|
|
779 |
# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
|
|
|
780 |
#
|
|
|
781 |
# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
|
|
|
782 |
# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
|
|
|
783 |
#
|
|
|
784 |
# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
|
|
|
785 |
# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
|
|
|
786 |
# the ambiguities involved.
|
|
|
787 |
#
|
|
|
788 |
# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
|
|
|
789 |
#
|
|
|
790 |
# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
|
|
|
791 |
# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
|
|
|
792 |
# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
|
|
|
793 |
# understood in Australia.
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
795 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
|
|
|
796 |
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
|
797 |
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
|
|
|
798 |
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
|
|
|
799 |
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
|
|
|
800 |
# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
|
|
|
801 |
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
803 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
|
|
|
804 |
#
|
|
|
805 |
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
|
|
|
806 |
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
|
|
|
807 |
# relevant entries in this database.
|
|
|
808 |
#
|
|
|
809 |
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
|
|
|
810 |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
|
|
|
811 |
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
|
|
|
812 |
# </a>
|
|
|
813 |
# ACT
|
|
|
814 |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
|
|
|
815 |
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
|
|
|
816 |
# </a>
|
|
|
817 |
# SA
|
|
|
818 |
# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
|
|
|
819 |
# Standard Time Act, 1898
|
|
|
820 |
# </a>
|
|
|
821 |
|
|
|
822 |
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
|
|
|
823 |
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
|
|
|
824 |
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
|
|
|
825 |
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
|
|
|
826 |
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
|
|
|
827 |
#
|
|
|
828 |
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
|
|
|
829 |
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
|
|
|
830 |
# to extend DST together in 2006.
|
|
|
831 |
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
|
|
|
832 |
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
|
|
|
833 |
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
|
|
|
834 |
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
|
|
|
835 |
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
|
|
|
836 |
# allude to it.
|
|
|
837 |
# But not Queensland
|
|
|
838 |
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
|
|
|
839 |
|
|
|
840 |
# Northern Territory
|
|
|
841 |
|
|
|
842 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
843 |
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
|
|
|
844 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
845 |
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
|
|
|
846 |
# ...
|
|
|
847 |
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
849 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
850 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
851 |
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
852 |
|
|
|
853 |
# Western Australia
|
|
|
854 |
|
|
|
855 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
856 |
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
|
|
|
857 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
858 |
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
|
|
|
859 |
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
|
|
|
860 |
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
|
|
|
861 |
# # before reaching parliament.
|
|
|
862 |
# ...
|
|
|
863 |
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
|
|
|
864 |
# ...
|
|
|
865 |
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
866 |
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
867 |
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
868 |
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
869 |
|
|
|
870 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
871 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
872 |
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
873 |
|
|
|
874 |
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
|
|
|
875 |
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
|
|
|
876 |
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
|
|
|
877 |
# work at 9.00am.)
|
|
|
878 |
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
|
|
|
879 |
# everybody again.
|
|
|
880 |
|
|
|
881 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
882 |
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
|
|
|
883 |
# it matches what was used in the past.
|
|
|
884 |
|
|
|
885 |
# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
|
|
|
886 |
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
|
|
|
887 |
# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
|
|
|
888 |
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
|
|
|
889 |
|
|
|
890 |
# Queensland
|
|
|
891 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
892 |
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
|
|
|
893 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
894 |
# ...
|
|
|
895 |
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
|
|
|
896 |
# ...
|
|
|
897 |
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
898 |
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
899 |
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
900 |
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
901 |
|
|
|
902 |
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
|
|
|
903 |
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
|
|
|
904 |
# October 1989).
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
906 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
907 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
908 |
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
|
909 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
910 |
|
|
|
911 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
912 |
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
|
|
|
913 |
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
|
|
|
914 |
# me.)
|
|
|
915 |
|
|
|
916 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
917 |
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
|
|
|
918 |
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
|
|
|
919 |
# ...
|
|
|
920 |
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
921 |
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
922 |
# ...
|
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
924 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
925 |
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
|
927 |
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
|
|
|
928 |
# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
|
|
|
929 |
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
|
|
|
930 |
# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
|
|
|
931 |
|
|
|
932 |
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
|
|
|
933 |
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
|
|
|
934 |
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
|
|
|
935 |
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
|
|
|
936 |
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
|
|
|
937 |
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
|
|
|
938 |
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
|
|
|
939 |
# Australia and Western Australia....
|
|
|
940 |
#
|
|
|
941 |
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
|
|
|
942 |
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
|
|
|
943 |
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
|
|
|
944 |
# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
|
|
|
945 |
#
|
|
|
946 |
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
|
|
|
947 |
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
|
|
|
948 |
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
|
|
|
949 |
# coast of the continent.
|
|
|
950 |
#
|
|
|
951 |
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
|
|
|
952 |
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
|
|
|
953 |
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
|
|
|
954 |
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
|
|
|
955 |
# the largest population centre in this zone....
|
|
|
956 |
#
|
|
|
957 |
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
|
|
|
958 |
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
|
|
|
959 |
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
|
|
|
960 |
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
|
|
|
961 |
#
|
|
|
962 |
# (2006-12-09):
|
|
|
963 |
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
|
|
|
964 |
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
|
|
|
965 |
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
|
|
|
966 |
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
968 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
|
|
|
969 |
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
|
|
|
970 |
# introduction of standard time in 1895.
|
|
|
971 |
|
|
|
972 |
|
|
|
973 |
# southeast Australia
|
|
|
974 |
#
|
|
|
975 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
976 |
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
|
|
|
977 |
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
978 |
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
|
|
|
979 |
|
|
|
980 |
|
|
|
981 |
# South Australia
|
|
|
982 |
|
|
|
983 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
984 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
985 |
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
|
986 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
987 |
|
|
|
988 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
989 |
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
|
|
|
990 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
991 |
# ...
|
|
|
992 |
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
|
|
|
993 |
# ...
|
|
|
994 |
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
995 |
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
996 |
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
997 |
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
998 |
|
|
|
999 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
|
|
|
1000 |
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
|
|
|
1001 |
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
|
|
|
1002 |
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
|
|
|
1003 |
|
|
|
1004 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
|
|
|
1005 |
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
|
|
|
1006 |
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
|
|
|
1007 |
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
|
|
|
1008 |
# is on...
|
|
|
1009 |
|
|
|
1010 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
|
|
|
1011 |
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
|
|
|
1012 |
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
|
|
|
1013 |
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
|
|
|
1014 |
|
|
|
1015 |
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
|
|
|
1016 |
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
|
|
|
1017 |
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
|
|
|
1018 |
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
|
|
|
1019 |
|
|
|
1020 |
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
|
|
|
1021 |
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
|
|
|
1022 |
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
|
|
|
1023 |
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
|
|
|
1024 |
|
|
|
1025 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1026 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1027 |
|
|
|
1028 |
# Tasmania
|
|
|
1029 |
|
|
|
1030 |
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
|
1031 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1032 |
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
|
1033 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1034 |
|
|
|
1035 |
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
|
|
|
1036 |
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
|
|
|
1037 |
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
|
|
|
1038 |
# (but nothing new about that).
|
|
|
1039 |
|
|
|
1040 |
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
|
|
|
1041 |
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
|
|
|
1042 |
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
|
|
|
1043 |
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
|
|
|
1044 |
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
|
|
|
1045 |
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
1046 |
|
|
|
1047 |
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
|
|
|
1048 |
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
|
|
|
1049 |
|
|
|
1050 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1051 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1052 |
|
|
|
1053 |
# Victoria
|
|
|
1054 |
|
|
|
1055 |
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
|
1056 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1057 |
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
|
1058 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1059 |
|
|
|
1060 |
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
|
|
|
1061 |
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
|
|
|
1062 |
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
|
|
|
1063 |
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
|
|
|
1064 |
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
|
|
|
1065 |
# in Melbourne, Australia.
|
|
|
1066 |
#
|
|
|
1067 |
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
|
|
|
1068 |
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
|
|
|
1069 |
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
|
|
|
1070 |
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
|
|
|
1071 |
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
|
|
|
1072 |
# expected time.
|
|
|
1073 |
#
|
|
|
1074 |
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
|
|
|
1075 |
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
|
|
|
1076 |
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
|
|
|
1077 |
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
|
|
|
1078 |
#
|
|
|
1079 |
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
|
|
|
1080 |
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
|
|
|
1081 |
|
|
|
1082 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1083 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1084 |
|
|
|
1085 |
# New South Wales
|
|
|
1086 |
|
|
|
1087 |
# From Arthur David Olson:
|
|
|
1088 |
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
|
|
|
1089 |
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
|
|
|
1090 |
# who notes:
|
|
|
1091 |
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
|
|
|
1092 |
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
|
|
|
1093 |
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
|
|
|
1094 |
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
|
|
|
1095 |
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
|
|
|
1096 |
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
|
|
|
1097 |
|
|
|
1098 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
|
|
|
1099 |
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
|
|
|
1100 |
# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
|
|
|
1101 |
# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
|
|
|
1102 |
# Two months more daylight saving
|
|
|
1103 |
# </a>
|
|
|
1104 |
# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
|
|
|
1105 |
|
|
|
1106 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
|
|
1107 |
# See the following official NSW source:
|
|
|
1108 |
# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
|
|
|
1109 |
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
|
|
|
1110 |
# </a>
|
|
|
1111 |
#
|
|
|
1112 |
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
|
|
|
1113 |
# daylight saving next year. See:
|
|
|
1114 |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
|
|
|
1115 |
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
|
|
|
1116 |
# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
|
|
|
1117 |
#
|
|
|
1118 |
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
|
|
|
1119 |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
|
|
|
1120 |
# Vic to extend daylight saving
|
|
|
1121 |
# </a> (1999-07-28).
|
|
|
1122 |
#
|
|
|
1123 |
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
|
|
|
1124 |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
|
|
|
1125 |
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
|
|
|
1126 |
# </a> (1999-07-19).
|
|
|
1127 |
#
|
|
|
1128 |
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
|
|
|
1129 |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
|
|
|
1130 |
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
|
|
|
1131 |
# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
|
|
|
1132 |
# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
|
|
|
1133 |
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
|
|
|
1134 |
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
|
|
|
1135 |
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
|
|
|
1136 |
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
|
|
|
1137 |
#
|
|
|
1138 |
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
|
|
|
1139 |
# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
|
|
|
1140 |
# Broken Hill to be behind the times
|
|
|
1141 |
# </a> (1999-07-21).
|
|
|
1142 |
|
|
|
1143 |
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
|
|
|
1144 |
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
|
|
|
1145 |
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
|
|
|
1146 |
|
|
|
1147 |
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
|
|
|
1148 |
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
|
|
|
1149 |
# towns to use Queensland time.
|
|
|
1150 |
|
|
|
1151 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1152 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1153 |
|
|
|
1154 |
# Yancowinna
|
|
|
1155 |
|
|
|
1156 |
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
|
|
1157 |
# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
|
|
|
1158 |
|
|
|
1159 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1160 |
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
|
|
|
1161 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
1162 |
# ...
|
|
|
1163 |
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
|
|
|
1164 |
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
|
|
|
1165 |
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
|
|
|
1166 |
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
|
|
|
1167 |
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
|
|
|
1168 |
# # presently available.
|
|
|
1169 |
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
|
|
|
1170 |
# ...
|
|
|
1171 |
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1172 |
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
1173 |
# [followed by other Rules]
|
|
|
1174 |
|
|
|
1175 |
# Lord Howe Island
|
|
|
1176 |
|
|
|
1177 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1178 |
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
|
|
|
1179 |
# [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
1180 |
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
|
|
|
1181 |
# hour ahead of NSW time.
|
|
|
1182 |
|
|
|
1183 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
|
|
|
1184 |
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
|
|
|
1185 |
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
|
|
|
1186 |
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
|
|
|
1187 |
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
|
|
|
1188 |
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
|
|
|
1189 |
# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
|
|
|
1190 |
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
|
|
|
1191 |
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
|
|
|
1192 |
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
1193 |
|
|
|
1194 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
|
|
|
1195 |
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
|
|
|
1196 |
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
|
|
|
1197 |
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
|
|
|
1198 |
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
|
|
|
1199 |
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
1200 |
|
|
|
1201 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1202 |
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
|
|
|
1203 |
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
|
|
|
1204 |
|
|
|
1205 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1206 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1207 |
|
|
3739
|
1208 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
|
|
|
1209 |
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
|
|
|
1210 |
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
|
|
|
1211 |
# summer (southern hemisphere).
|
|
|
1212 |
#
|
|
|
1213 |
# From
|
|
|
1214 |
# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
|
|
|
1215 |
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
|
|
|
1216 |
# </a>
|
|
|
1217 |
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
|
|
|
1218 |
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
|
|
|
1219 |
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
|
|
|
1220 |
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
|
|
|
1221 |
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
|
|
|
1222 |
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
|
|
|
1223 |
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
|
|
|
1224 |
#
|
|
|
1225 |
# We have a wrap-up here:
|
|
|
1226 |
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
|
|
|
1227 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
|
|
|
1228 |
# </a>
|
|
2
|
1229 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
1230 |
|
|
|
1231 |
# New Zealand
|
|
|
1232 |
|
|
|
1233 |
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
|
|
|
1234 |
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
|
|
|
1235 |
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
|
|
|
1236 |
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
|
|
|
1237 |
# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
|
|
|
1238 |
|
|
|
1239 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1240 |
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
|
|
|
1241 |
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
|
|
|
1242 |
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
|
|
|
1243 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1244 |
# ...
|
|
|
1245 |
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1246 |
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1247 |
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
1248 |
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
1249 |
# ...
|
|
|
1250 |
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
|
|
|
1251 |
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
|
|
|
1252 |
|
|
|
1253 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
1254 |
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
|
|
|
1255 |
# rather than the October 1 value.
|
|
|
1256 |
|
|
|
1257 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
|
|
|
1258 |
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
|
1259 |
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
|
|
|
1260 |
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
|
|
|
1261 |
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
|
|
|
1262 |
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
|
|
|
1263 |
#
|
|
|
1264 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1265 |
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
|
|
|
1266 |
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
|
|
|
1267 |
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
|
1268 |
#
|
|
|
1269 |
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
|
|
|
1270 |
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
|
|
|
1271 |
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
|
|
|
1272 |
|
|
|
1273 |
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
|
|
|
1274 |
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
|
|
|
1275 |
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
|
|
|
1276 |
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
|
|
|
1277 |
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
|
|
|
1278 |
|
|
|
1279 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
1280 |
|
|
|
1281 |
|
|
|
1282 |
# Fiji
|
|
|
1283 |
|
|
|
1284 |
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
|
|
|
1285 |
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
|
|
|
1286 |
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
|
|
|
1287 |
|
|
|
1288 |
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
|
|
|
1289 |
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
|
|
|
1290 |
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
|
|
|
1291 |
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
|
|
|
1292 |
|
|
|
1293 |
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
|
|
|
1294 |
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
|
|
|
1295 |
|
|
|
1296 |
# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
|
|
|
1297 |
# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
|
|
|
1298 |
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
|
|
|
1299 |
# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
|
|
|
1300 |
# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
|
|
|
1301 |
# millenium.
|
|
|
1302 |
|
|
|
1303 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
|
|
|
1304 |
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
|
|
|
1305 |
|
|
|
1306 |
# Johnston
|
|
|
1307 |
|
|
|
1308 |
# Johnston data is from usno1995.
|
|
|
1309 |
|
|
|
1310 |
|
|
|
1311 |
# Kiribati
|
|
|
1312 |
|
|
|
1313 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
|
1314 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
|
|
|
1315 |
# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
|
|
|
1316 |
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
|
|
|
1317 |
|
|
|
1318 |
|
|
|
1319 |
# Kwajalein
|
|
|
1320 |
|
|
|
1321 |
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
|
|
|
1322 |
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
|
|
|
1323 |
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
|
|
|
1324 |
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
|
|
|
1325 |
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
|
|
|
1326 |
|
|
|
1327 |
|
|
|
1328 |
# N Mariana Is, Guam
|
|
|
1329 |
|
|
|
1330 |
# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
|
|
|
1331 |
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
|
|
|
1332 |
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
|
|
|
1333 |
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
|
|
|
1334 |
# see Asia/Manila.
|
|
|
1335 |
|
|
|
1336 |
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
|
|
|
1337 |
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
|
|
|
1338 |
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
|
|
|
1339 |
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
|
|
|
1340 |
|
|
|
1341 |
|
|
|
1342 |
# Micronesia
|
|
|
1343 |
|
|
|
1344 |
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
|
|
|
1345 |
# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
|
|
|
1346 |
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
|
|
|
1347 |
#
|
|
|
1348 |
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
|
|
|
1349 |
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
|
|
|
1350 |
|
|
|
1351 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
|
|
1352 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
|
|
|
1353 |
# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
|
|
|
1354 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
|
|
|
1355 |
# </a> (1999-01-26)
|
|
|
1356 |
# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
|
|
|
1357 |
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
|
|
|
1358 |
|
|
|
1359 |
|
|
|
1360 |
# Midway
|
|
|
1361 |
|
|
|
1362 |
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
|
|
|
1363 |
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
|
|
|
1364 |
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
|
|
|
1365 |
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
|
|
|
1366 |
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
|
|
|
1367 |
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
|
|
|
1368 |
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
|
|
|
1369 |
# air at 6am your time.
|
|
|
1370 |
#
|
|
|
1371 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
|
1372 |
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
|
|
|
1373 |
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
|
|
|
1374 |
# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
|
|
|
1375 |
|
|
|
1376 |
|
|
|
1377 |
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
1378 |
|
|
|
1379 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
|
|
|
1380 |
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
|
|
|
1381 |
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
|
|
|
1382 |
#
|
|
|
1383 |
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
|
|
|
1384 |
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
|
|
|
1385 |
# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
|
|
|
1386 |
#
|
|
|
1387 |
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
|
|
|
1388 |
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
|
|
|
1389 |
# somehow in light of this proclamation.
|
|
|
1390 |
|
|
|
1391 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
|
|
|
1392 |
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
|
|
|
1393 |
# ... at midnight.
|
|
|
1394 |
|
|
|
1395 |
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
|
|
|
1396 |
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
|
|
|
1397 |
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
|
|
|
1398 |
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
|
|
|
1399 |
|
|
|
1400 |
|
|
|
1401 |
# Samoa
|
|
|
1402 |
|
|
|
1403 |
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
|
|
|
1404 |
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
|
|
|
1405 |
# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
|
|
|
1406 |
# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
|
|
|
1407 |
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
|
|
|
1408 |
|
|
|
1409 |
|
|
|
1410 |
# Tonga
|
|
|
1411 |
|
|
|
1412 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
|
1413 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
|
|
|
1414 |
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
|
|
|
1415 |
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
|
|
|
1416 |
|
|
|
1417 |
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
|
|
|
1418 |
# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
|
|
|
1419 |
# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
|
|
|
1420 |
# </a>:
|
|
|
1421 |
|
|
|
1422 |
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
|
|
|
1423 |
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
|
|
|
1424 |
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
|
|
|
1425 |
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
|
|
|
1426 |
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
|
|
1427 |
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
|
|
|
1428 |
#
|
|
|
1429 |
# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
|
|
|
1430 |
# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
|
|
|
1431 |
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
|
|
|
1432 |
#
|
|
|
1433 |
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
|
|
|
1434 |
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
|
|
|
1435 |
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
|
|
|
1436 |
# minutes we have lost?"
|
|
|
1437 |
#
|
|
|
1438 |
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
|
|
|
1439 |
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
|
|
|
1440 |
# to say your prayers in the morning."
|
|
|
1441 |
|
|
|
1442 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1443 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
|
|
|
1444 |
|
|
|
1445 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
|
|
|
1446 |
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
|
|
|
1447 |
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
|
|
|
1448 |
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
|
|
|
1449 |
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
|
|
|
1450 |
# Government.
|
|
|
1451 |
|
|
|
1452 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
|
|
1453 |
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
|
|
|
1454 |
#
|
|
|
1455 |
# I was given this link by John Letts:
|
|
1316
|
1456 |
# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
|
|
2
|
1457 |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
|
|
|
1458 |
# </a>
|
|
|
1459 |
#
|
|
|
1460 |
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
|
|
|
1461 |
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
|
|
|
1462 |
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
|
|
|
1463 |
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
|
|
|
1464 |
|
|
|
1465 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
|
|
1316
|
1466 |
# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
|
|
2
|
1467 |
# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
|
|
|
1468 |
# </a>:
|
|
|
1469 |
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
|
|
|
1470 |
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
|
|
|
1471 |
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
|
|
|
1472 |
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
|
|
|
1473 |
# set back an hour on the closing date."
|
|
|
1474 |
# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
|
|
|
1475 |
|
|
|
1476 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
|
|
|
1477 |
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
|
|
|
1478 |
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
|
|
|
1479 |
|
|
|
1480 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
|
|
|
1481 |
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
|
|
|
1482 |
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
|
|
|
1483 |
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
|
|
|
1484 |
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
|
|
|
1485 |
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
|
|
|
1486 |
# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
|
|
|
1487 |
|
|
|
1488 |
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
|
|
|
1489 |
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
|
|
|
1490 |
|
|
|
1491 |
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
|
|
|
1492 |
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
|
|
|
1493 |
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
|
|
|
1494 |
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
|
|
|
1495 |
# hour to 1:00am.
|
|
|
1496 |
|
|
|
1497 |
# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
|
|
|
1498 |
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
|
|
|
1499 |
|
|
|
1500 |
|
|
|
1501 |
# Wake
|
|
|
1502 |
|
|
|
1503 |
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
|
|
|
1504 |
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
|
|
|
1505 |
#
|
|
|
1506 |
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
|
|
|
1507 |
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
|
|
|
1508 |
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
|
|
|
1509 |
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
|
|
|
1510 |
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
|
|
|
1511 |
# impossible.
|
|
|
1512 |
#
|
|
|
1513 |
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
|
|
|
1514 |
|
|
|
1515 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
|
1516 |
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
|
|
|
1517 |
|
|
|
1518 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
1519 |
|
|
|
1520 |
# The International Date Line
|
|
|
1521 |
|
|
|
1522 |
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
|
|
|
1523 |
#
|
|
|
1524 |
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
|
|
|
1525 |
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
|
|
|
1526 |
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
|
|
|
1527 |
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
|
|
|
1528 |
#
|
|
|
1529 |
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
|
|
|
1530 |
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
|
|
|
1531 |
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
|
|
|
1532 |
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
|
|
|
1533 |
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
|
|
|
1534 |
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
|
|
|
1535 |
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
|
|
|
1536 |
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
|
|
1537 |
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
|
|
|
1538 |
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
|
|
|
1539 |
# correct date is ambiguous.
|
|
|
1540 |
|
|
|
1541 |
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
|
|
|
1542 |
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
|
|
|
1543 |
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
|
|
|
1544 |
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
|
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|
1545 |
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
|
|
|
1546 |
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
|
|
|
1547 |
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
|
|
|
1548 |
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
|
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|
1549 |
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
|
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|
1550 |
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
|
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|
1551 |
# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
|
|
|
1552 |
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
|
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|
1553 |
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
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|
|
1554 |
|
|
|
1555 |
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
|
|
|
1556 |
# (2005-03-20):
|
|
|
1557 |
#
|
|
|
1558 |
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
|
|
|
1559 |
# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
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|
|
1560 |
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
|
|
|
1561 |
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|