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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

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 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

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 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

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 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

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/*

 * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public

 * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

 * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this

 * file:

 *

 * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos

 *

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

 *

 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,

 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 *

 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,

 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation

 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 *

 *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors

 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software

 *    without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

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 */

package java.time;

import static java.time.LocalTime.MINUTES_PER_HOUR;

import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_HOUR;

import static java.time.LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;

import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS;

import java.io.DataInput;

import java.io.DataOutput;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InvalidObjectException;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;

import java.time.temporal.Temporal;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalAdjuster;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalQueries;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;

import java.time.temporal.UnsupportedTemporalTypeException;

import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;

import java.time.zone.ZoneRules;

import java.util.Objects;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**

 * A time-zone offset from Greenwich/UTC, such as {@code +02:00}.

 * <p>

 * A time-zone offset is the period of time that a time-zone differs from Greenwich/UTC.

 * This is usually a fixed number of hours and minutes.

 * <p>

 * Different parts of the world have different time-zone offsets.

 * The rules for how offsets vary by place and time of year are captured in the

 * {@link ZoneId} class.

 * <p>

 * For example, Paris is one hour ahead of Greenwich/UTC in winter and two hours

 * ahead in summer. The {@code ZoneId} instance for Paris will reference two

 * {@code ZoneOffset} instances - a {@code +01:00} instance for winter,

 * and a {@code +02:00} instance for summer.

 * <p>

 * In 2008, time-zone offsets around the world extended from -12:00 to +14:00.

 * To prevent any problems with that range being extended, yet still provide

 * validation, the range of offsets is restricted to -18:00 to 18:00 inclusive.

 * <p>

 * This class is designed for use with the ISO calendar system.

 * The fields of hours, minutes and seconds make assumptions that are valid for the

 * standard ISO definitions of those fields. This class may be used with other

 * calendar systems providing the definition of the time fields matches those

 * of the ISO calendar system.

 * <p>

 * Instances of {@code ZoneOffset} must be compared using {@link #equals}.

 * Implementations may choose to cache certain common offsets, however

 * applications must not rely on such caching.

 *

 * @implSpec

 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.

 *

 * @since 1.8

 */

public final class ZoneOffset

        extends ZoneId

        implements TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable<ZoneOffset>, Serializable {

    /** Cache of time-zone offset by offset in seconds. */

    private static final ConcurrentMap<Integer, ZoneOffset> SECONDS_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 4);

    /** Cache of time-zone offset by ID. */

    private static final ConcurrentMap<String, ZoneOffset> ID_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16, 0.75f, 4);

    /**

     * The abs maximum seconds.

     */

    private static final int MAX_SECONDS = 18 * SECONDS_PER_HOUR;

    /**

     * Serialization version.

     */

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 2357656521762053153L;

    /**

     * The time-zone offset for UTC, with an ID of 'Z'.

     */

    public static final ZoneOffset UTC = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(0);

    /**

     * Constant for the maximum supported offset.

     */

    public static final ZoneOffset MIN = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(-MAX_SECONDS);

    /**

     * Constant for the maximum supported offset.

     */

    public static final ZoneOffset MAX = ZoneOffset.ofTotalSeconds(MAX_SECONDS);

    /**

     * The total offset in seconds.

     */

    private final int totalSeconds;

    /**

     * The string form of the time-zone offset.

     */

    private final transient String id;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using the ID.

     * <p>

     * This method parses the string ID of a {@code ZoneOffset} to

     * return an instance. The parsing accepts all the formats generated by

     * {@link #getId()}, plus some additional formats:

     * <ul>

     * <li>{@code Z} - for UTC

     * <li>{@code +h}

     * <li>{@code +hh}

     * <li>{@code +hh:mm}

     * <li>{@code -hh:mm}

     * <li>{@code +hhmm}

     * <li>{@code -hhmm}

     * <li>{@code +hh:mm:ss}

     * <li>{@code -hh:mm:ss}

     * <li>{@code +hhmmss}

     * <li>{@code -hhmmss}

     * </ul>

     * Note that ± means either the plus or minus symbol.

     * <p>

     * The ID of the returned offset will be normalized to one of the formats

     * described by {@link #getId()}.

     * <p>

     * The maximum supported range is from +18:00 to -18:00 inclusive.

     *

     * @param offsetId  the offset ID, not null

     * @return the zone-offset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset ID is invalid

     */

    @SuppressWarnings("fallthrough")

    public static ZoneOffset of(String offsetId) {

        Objects.requireNonNull(offsetId, "offsetId");

        // "Z" is always in the cache

        ZoneOffset offset = ID_CACHE.get(offsetId);

        if (offset != null) {

            return offset;

        }

        // parse - +h, +hh, +hhmm, +hh:mm, +hhmmss, +hh:mm:ss

        final int hours, minutes, seconds;

        switch (offsetId.length()) {

            case 2:

                offsetId = offsetId.charAt(0) + "0" + offsetId.charAt(1);  // fallthru

            case 3:

                hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);

                minutes = 0;

                seconds = 0;

                break;

            case 5:

                hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);

                minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 3, false);

                seconds = 0;

                break;

            case 6:

                hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);

                minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 4, true);

                seconds = 0;

                break;

            case 7:

                hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);

                minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 3, false);

                seconds = parseNumber(offsetId, 5, false);

                break;

            case 9:

                hours = parseNumber(offsetId, 1, false);

                minutes = parseNumber(offsetId, 4, true);

                seconds = parseNumber(offsetId, 7, true);

                break;

            default:

                throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, invalid format: " + offsetId);

        }

        char first = offsetId.charAt(0);

        if (first != '+' && first != '-') {

            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, plus/minus not found when expected: " + offsetId);

        }

        if (first == '-') {

            return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(-hours, -minutes, -seconds);

        } else {

            return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, minutes, seconds);

        }

    }

    /**

     * Parse a two digit zero-prefixed number.

     *

     * @param offsetId  the offset ID, not null

     * @param pos  the position to parse, valid

     * @param precededByColon  should this number be prefixed by a precededByColon

     * @return the parsed number, from 0 to 99

     */

    private static int parseNumber(CharSequence offsetId, int pos, boolean precededByColon) {

        if (precededByColon && offsetId.charAt(pos - 1) != ':') {

            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, colon not found when expected: " + offsetId);

        }

        char ch1 = offsetId.charAt(pos);

        char ch2 = offsetId.charAt(pos + 1);

        if (ch1 < '0' || ch1 > '9' || ch2 < '0' || ch2 > '9') {

            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid ID for ZoneOffset, non numeric characters found: " + offsetId);

        }

        return (ch1 - 48) * 10 + (ch2 - 48);

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in hours.

     *

     * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18

     * @return the zone-offset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range

     */

    public static ZoneOffset ofHours(int hours) {

        return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, 0, 0);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in

     * hours and minutes.

     * <p>

     * The sign of the hours and minutes components must match.

     * Thus, if the hours is negative, the minutes must be negative or zero.

     * If the hours is zero, the minutes may be positive, negative or zero.

     *

     * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18

     * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to ±59, sign matches hours

     * @return the zone-offset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range

     */

    public static ZoneOffset ofHoursMinutes(int hours, int minutes) {

        return ofHoursMinutesSeconds(hours, minutes, 0);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} using an offset in

     * hours, minutes and seconds.

     * <p>

     * The sign of the hours, minutes and seconds components must match.

     * Thus, if the hours is negative, the minutes and seconds must be negative or zero.

     *

     * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18

     * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to ±59, sign matches hours and seconds

     * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to ±59, sign matches hours and minutes

     * @return the zone-offset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range

     */

    public static ZoneOffset ofHoursMinutesSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {

        validate(hours, minutes, seconds);

        int totalSeconds = totalSeconds(hours, minutes, seconds);

        return ofTotalSeconds(totalSeconds);

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} from a temporal object.

     * <p>

     * This obtains an offset based on the specified temporal.

     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,

     * which this factory converts to an instance of {@code ZoneOffset}.

     * <p>

     * A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents some form of date and time information.

     * This factory converts the arbitrary temporal object to an instance of {@code ZoneOffset}.

     * <p>

     * The conversion uses the {@link TemporalQueries#offset()} query, which relies

     * on extracting the {@link ChronoField#OFFSET_SECONDS OFFSET_SECONDS} field.

     * <p>

     * This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}

     * allowing it to be used in queries via method reference, {@code ZoneOffset::from}.

     *

     * @param temporal  the temporal object to convert, not null

     * @return the zone-offset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code ZoneOffset}

     */

    public static ZoneOffset from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {

        Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");

        ZoneOffset offset = temporal.query(TemporalQueries.offset());

        if (offset == null) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain ZoneOffset from TemporalAccessor: " +

                    temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName());

        }

        return offset;

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Validates the offset fields.

     *

     * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18

     * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to ±59

     * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to ±59

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range

     */

    private static void validate(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {

        if (hours < -18 || hours > 18) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset hours not in valid range: value " + hours +

                    " is not in the range -18 to 18");

        }

        if (hours > 0) {

            if (minutes < 0 || seconds < 0) {

                throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must be positive because hours is positive");

            }

        } else if (hours < 0) {

            if (minutes > 0 || seconds > 0) {

                throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must be negative because hours is negative");

            }

        } else if ((minutes > 0 && seconds < 0) || (minutes < 0 && seconds > 0)) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes and seconds must have the same sign");

        }

        if (Math.abs(minutes) > 59) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset minutes not in valid range: abs(value) " +

                    Math.abs(minutes) + " is not in the range 0 to 59");

        }

        if (Math.abs(seconds) > 59) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset seconds not in valid range: abs(value) " +

                    Math.abs(seconds) + " is not in the range 0 to 59");

        }

        if (Math.abs(hours) == 18 && (Math.abs(minutes) > 0 || Math.abs(seconds) > 0)) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset not in valid range: -18:00 to +18:00");

        }

    }

    /**

     * Calculates the total offset in seconds.

     *

     * @param hours  the time-zone offset in hours, from -18 to +18

     * @param minutes  the time-zone offset in minutes, from 0 to ±59, sign matches hours and seconds

     * @param seconds  the time-zone offset in seconds, from 0 to ±59, sign matches hours and minutes

     * @return the total in seconds

     */

    private static int totalSeconds(int hours, int minutes, int seconds) {

        return hours * SECONDS_PER_HOUR + minutes * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE + seconds;

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Obtains an instance of {@code ZoneOffset} specifying the total offset in seconds

     * <p>

     * The offset must be in the range {@code -18:00} to {@code +18:00}, which corresponds to -64800 to +64800.

     *

     * @param totalSeconds  the total time-zone offset in seconds, from -64800 to +64800

     * @return the ZoneOffset, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the offset is not in the required range

     */

    public static ZoneOffset ofTotalSeconds(int totalSeconds) {

        if (Math.abs(totalSeconds) > MAX_SECONDS) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Zone offset not in valid range: -18:00 to +18:00");

        }

        if (totalSeconds % (15 * SECONDS_PER_MINUTE) == 0) {

            Integer totalSecs = totalSeconds;

            ZoneOffset result = SECONDS_CACHE.get(totalSecs);

            if (result == null) {

                result = new ZoneOffset(totalSeconds);

                SECONDS_CACHE.putIfAbsent(totalSecs, result);

                result = SECONDS_CACHE.get(totalSecs);

                ID_CACHE.putIfAbsent(result.getId(), result);

            }

            return result;

        } else {

            return new ZoneOffset(totalSeconds);

        }

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Constructor.

     *

     * @param totalSeconds  the total time-zone offset in seconds, from -64800 to +64800

     */

    private ZoneOffset(int totalSeconds) {

        super();

        this.totalSeconds = totalSeconds;

        id = buildId(totalSeconds);

    }

    private static String buildId(int totalSeconds) {

        if (totalSeconds == 0) {

            return "Z";

        } else {

            int absTotalSeconds = Math.abs(totalSeconds);

            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

            int absHours = absTotalSeconds / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;

            int absMinutes = (absTotalSeconds / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE) % MINUTES_PER_HOUR;

            buf.append(totalSeconds < 0 ? "-" : "+")

                .append(absHours < 10 ? "0" : "").append(absHours)

                .append(absMinutes < 10 ? ":0" : ":").append(absMinutes);

            int absSeconds = absTotalSeconds % SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;

            if (absSeconds != 0) {

                buf.append(absSeconds < 10 ? ":0" : ":").append(absSeconds);

            }

            return buf.toString();

        }

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Gets the total zone offset in seconds.

     * <p>

     * This is the primary way to access the offset amount.

     * It returns the total of the hours, minutes and seconds fields as a

     * single offset that can be added to a time.

     *

     * @return the total zone offset amount in seconds

     */

    public int getTotalSeconds() {

        return totalSeconds;

    }

    /**

     * Gets the normalized zone offset ID.

     * <p>

     * The ID is minor variation to the standard ISO-8601 formatted string

     * for the offset. There are three formats:

     * <ul>

     * <li>{@code Z} - for UTC (ISO-8601)

     * <li>{@code +hh:mm} or {@code -hh:mm} - if the seconds are zero (ISO-8601)

     * <li>{@code +hh:mm:ss} or {@code -hh:mm:ss} - if the seconds are non-zero (not ISO-8601)

     * </ul>

     *

     * @return the zone offset ID, not null

     */

    @Override

    public String getId() {

        return id;

    }

    /**

     * Gets the associated time-zone rules.

     * <p>

     * The rules will always return this offset when queried.

     * The implementation class is immutable, thread-safe and serializable.

     *

     * @return the rules, not null

     */

    @Override

    public ZoneRules getRules() {

        return ZoneRules.of(this);

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Checks if the specified field is supported.

     * <p>

     * This checks if this offset can be queried for the specified field.

     * If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range} and

     * {@link #get(TemporalField) get} methods will throw an exception.

     * <p>

     * If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.

     * The {@code OFFSET_SECONDS} field returns true.

     * All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.

     * <p>

     * If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method

     * is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}

     * passing {@code this} as the argument.

     * Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.

     *

     * @param field  the field to check, null returns false

     * @return true if the field is supported on this offset, false if not

     */

    @Override

    public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {

        if (field instanceof ChronoField) {

            return field == OFFSET_SECONDS;