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15658
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#
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# DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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19382
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#
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15658
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# This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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# particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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# by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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#
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# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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# accompanied this code).
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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#
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15658
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# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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# questions.
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#
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# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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# This file also includes Pacific islands.
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# Notes are at the end of this file
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###############################################################################
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# Australia
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# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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26452
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
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# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
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# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
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# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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# Northern Territory
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Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT
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# Western Australia
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
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8:00 AW AW%sT
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Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
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8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul
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8:45 AW +0845/+0945
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# Queensland
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#
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# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
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# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
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# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
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# Queensland ceased to.
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
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# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
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# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
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# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
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# so use Lindeman.
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#
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# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
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# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
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# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the
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# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
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# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
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# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
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# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AQ AE%sT
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Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
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10:00 Holiday AE%sT
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# South Australia
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
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9:30 AS AC%sT
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# Tasmania
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
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# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
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# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
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#
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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26452
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Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
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10:00 AT AE%sT
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Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
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10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
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10:00 AT AE%sT
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# Victoria
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AV AE%sT
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# New South Wales
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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26452
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Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
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Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
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Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
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15658
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# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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26452
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10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
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10:00 AN AE%sT
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15658
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Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
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26452
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10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
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9:00 - ACST 1899 May
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9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
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9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
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9:30 AS AC%sT
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15658
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# Lord Howe Island
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# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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26452
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Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
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Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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225 |
Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
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232 |
Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
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Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
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15658
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Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
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26452
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10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
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10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul
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239 |
10:30 LH +1030/+11
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15658
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241 |
# Australian miscellany
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242 |
#
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243 |
# Ashmore Is, Cartier
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244 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
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# no times are set
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246 |
#
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247 |
# Coral Sea Is
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248 |
# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
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249 |
# no times are set
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#
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251 |
# Macquarie
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17464
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# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
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253 |
# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
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254 |
# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
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26452
|
255 |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
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|
256 |
# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
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17464
|
257 |
# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
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|
258 |
#
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|
259 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
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|
260 |
# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
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261 |
# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
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262 |
# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
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263 |
# on 4 April.
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19382
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264 |
#
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|
265 |
# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
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|
266 |
# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
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26452
|
267 |
# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
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19382
|
268 |
# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
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|
269 |
# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
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39829
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270 |
Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
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26452
|
271 |
10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
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272 |
10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
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273 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
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39829
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0 - -00 1948 Mar 25
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26452
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275 |
10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
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276 |
10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
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44118
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277 |
11:00 - +11
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15658
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278 |
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279 |
# Christmas
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280 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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281 |
Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
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44118
|
282 |
7:00 - +07
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15658
|
283 |
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26452
|
284 |
# Cocos (Keeling) Is
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15658
|
285 |
# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
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|
286 |
# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
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|
287 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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|
288 |
Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
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44118
|
289 |
6:30 - +0630
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15658
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290 |
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26452
|
291 |
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15658
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292 |
# Fiji
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17464
|
293 |
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|
294 |
# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
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295 |
|
|
15658
|
296 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
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|
|
297 |
# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
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|
|
298 |
# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
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|
299 |
#
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|
300 |
# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
|
|
|
301 |
# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
|
|
|
302 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
304 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
|
|
|
305 |
# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
|
|
|
306 |
# amendments:
|
|
|
307 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
309 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
|
|
|
310 |
# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
|
|
|
311 |
# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
|
|
|
312 |
# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
|
|
|
313 |
# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
|
|
|
314 |
#
|
|
|
315 |
# Official source:
|
|
|
316 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
|
|
|
317 |
#
|
|
|
318 |
# A bit more background info here:
|
|
|
319 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
321 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
|
|
|
322 |
# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
|
|
|
323 |
# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
|
|
|
324 |
# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
|
|
|
325 |
# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
|
|
|
326 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
|
|
|
327 |
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
329 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
|
|
|
330 |
# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
|
|
|
331 |
# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
|
|
|
332 |
#
|
|
26452
|
333 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
|
|
15658
|
334 |
# which says
|
|
|
335 |
# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
|
|
|
336 |
# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
|
|
|
337 |
# 2am on February 26 next year.
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
339 |
# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
|
|
|
340 |
# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
|
|
|
341 |
# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
|
|
|
342 |
#
|
|
|
343 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
|
|
|
344 |
# states:
|
|
|
345 |
#
|
|
|
346 |
# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
|
|
|
347 |
# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
|
|
|
348 |
# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
|
|
|
349 |
# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
351 |
# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
|
|
|
352 |
# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
|
|
|
353 |
# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
|
|
|
354 |
# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
|
|
|
355 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
|
|
20867
|
356 |
|
|
|
357 |
# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
|
|
23348
|
358 |
# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
|
|
|
359 |
# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
|
|
20867
|
360 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
|
|
23348
|
361 |
|
|
|
362 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
|
|
|
363 |
# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
|
|
|
364 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
|
|
|
365 |
|
|
27727
|
366 |
# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
|
|
|
367 |
# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
|
|
|
368 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
32853
|
370 |
# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
|
|
|
371 |
# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
|
|
|
372 |
# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
|
|
|
373 |
# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
|
|
|
374 |
# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
|
|
|
375 |
# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
41819
|
377 |
# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
|
|
|
378 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
|
|
|
379 |
# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
|
|
|
380 |
# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will
|
|
|
381 |
# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
383 |
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03):
|
|
27727
|
384 |
# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
|
|
32853
|
385 |
# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches
|
|
|
386 |
# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
|
|
27727
|
387 |
# practice than guessing no DST.
|
|
15658
|
388 |
|
|
|
389 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
390 |
Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
391 |
Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
|
392 |
Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
393 |
Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
27727
|
394 |
Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
15658
|
395 |
Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
|
|
23348
|
396 |
Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
|
|
27727
|
397 |
Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
|
|
|
398 |
Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
32853
|
399 |
Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
|
|
15658
|
400 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
401 |
Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
|
|
44118
|
402 |
12:00 Fiji +12/+13
|
|
15658
|
403 |
|
|
|
404 |
# French Polynesia
|
|
|
405 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
406 |
Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
|
|
44118
|
407 |
-9:00 - -09
|
|
15658
|
408 |
Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
|
|
44118
|
409 |
-9:30 - -0930
|
|
26452
|
410 |
Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
|
|
44118
|
411 |
-10:00 - -10
|
|
15658
|
412 |
# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
|
|
|
413 |
# it is uninhabited.
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
415 |
# Guam
|
|
|
416 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
417 |
Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
|
|
26452
|
418 |
9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
|
|
|
419 |
10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
|
|
15658
|
420 |
10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
|
|
29722
|
421 |
Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
|
|
15658
|
422 |
|
|
|
423 |
# Kiribati
|
|
|
424 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
425 |
Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
|
|
44118
|
426 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
427 |
Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
428 |
-12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
|
|
|
429 |
-11:00 - -11 1995
|
|
|
430 |
13:00 - +13
|
|
15658
|
431 |
Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
432 |
-10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
|
|
|
433 |
-10:00 - -10 1995
|
|
|
434 |
14:00 - +14
|
|
15658
|
435 |
|
|
|
436 |
# N Mariana Is
|
|
29722
|
437 |
# See Pacific/Guam.
|
|
15658
|
438 |
|
|
|
439 |
# Marshall Is
|
|
|
440 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
441 |
Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
442 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
|
|
|
443 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
444 |
Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
445 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
|
|
|
446 |
-12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
|
|
|
447 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
448 |
|
|
|
449 |
# Micronesia
|
|
|
450 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
451 |
Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
452 |
10:00 - +10
|
|
26452
|
453 |
Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
|
|
44118
|
454 |
11:00 - +11
|
|
15658
|
455 |
Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
456 |
11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
|
|
|
457 |
12:00 - +12 1999
|
|
|
458 |
11:00 - +11
|
|
15658
|
459 |
|
|
|
460 |
# Nauru
|
|
|
461 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
462 |
Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
|
|
44118
|
463 |
11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
|
|
|
464 |
9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
|
|
|
465 |
11:30 - +1130 1979 May
|
|
|
466 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
467 |
|
|
|
468 |
# New Caledonia
|
|
|
469 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
470 |
Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
471 |
Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
472 |
Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
|
473 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
|
|
|
474 |
Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
475 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
476 |
Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
|
|
44118
|
477 |
11:00 NC +11/+12
|
|
15658
|
478 |
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
480 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
482 |
# New Zealand
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
484 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
485 |
Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
486 |
Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
487 |
Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
|
488 |
Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
489 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
|
|
|
490 |
Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
|
|
|
491 |
Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
|
|
|
492 |
# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
|
|
26452
|
493 |
# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
|
|
|
494 |
# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
|
|
15658
|
495 |
Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
496 |
Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
497 |
Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
498 |
Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
499 |
Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
500 |
Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
501 |
Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
502 |
Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
503 |
Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
504 |
Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
505 |
Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
506 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
507 |
Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
508 |
Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
509 |
Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
|
|
|
510 |
Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
|
|
|
511 |
Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
|
|
|
512 |
Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
|
|
|
513 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
514 |
Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
|
|
515 |
11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
|
|
|
516 |
12:00 NZ NZ%sT
|
|
26452
|
517 |
Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
|
|
44118
|
518 |
12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1
|
|
|
519 |
12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345
|
|
15658
|
520 |
|
|
20867
|
521 |
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
|
|
15658
|
522 |
|
|
|
523 |
# Auckland Is
|
|
26452
|
524 |
# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
|
|
15658
|
525 |
# and scientific personnel have wintered
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
527 |
# Campbell I
|
|
|
528 |
# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
|
|
|
529 |
# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
|
|
|
530 |
# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
|
|
|
531 |
# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
26452
|
533 |
# Cook Is
|
|
|
534 |
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
|
|
|
535 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
536 |
Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
|
|
|
537 |
Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
538 |
Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
|
|
|
539 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
540 |
Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
|
|
44118
|
541 |
-10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12
|
|
|
542 |
-10:00 Cook -10/-0930
|
|
26452
|
543 |
|
|
15658
|
544 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
545 |
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
547 |
# Niue
|
|
|
548 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
549 |
Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
|
|
44118
|
550 |
-11:20 - -1120 1951
|
|
|
551 |
-11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
|
|
|
552 |
-11:00 - -11
|
|
15658
|
553 |
|
|
|
554 |
# Norfolk
|
|
|
555 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
556 |
Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
|
|
44118
|
557 |
11:12 - +1112 1951
|
|
|
558 |
11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
|
|
|
559 |
11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
|
|
|
560 |
11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
|
|
|
561 |
11:00 - +11
|
|
15658
|
562 |
|
|
|
563 |
# Palau (Belau)
|
|
|
564 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
565 |
Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
|
|
44118
|
566 |
9:00 - +09
|
|
15658
|
567 |
|
|
|
568 |
# Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
569 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
570 |
Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
|
|
26452
|
571 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
|
|
44118
|
572 |
10:00 - +10
|
|
27727
|
573 |
#
|
|
|
574 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
|
|
|
575 |
# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
|
|
|
576 |
# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
|
|
|
577 |
#
|
|
41354
|
578 |
# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
|
|
27727
|
579 |
# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
|
|
|
580 |
# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
|
|
|
581 |
# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
|
|
|
582 |
# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
|
|
|
583 |
# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
|
|
|
584 |
# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
|
|
|
585 |
#
|
|
41354
|
586 |
# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
|
|
44118
|
587 |
# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
|
|
|
588 |
# See:
|
|
27727
|
589 |
# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
|
|
|
590 |
#
|
|
|
591 |
Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
|
592 |
9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
|
|
44118
|
593 |
10:00 - +10 1942 Jul
|
|
|
594 |
9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21
|
|
|
595 |
10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00
|
|
|
596 |
11:00 - +11
|
|
15658
|
597 |
|
|
|
598 |
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
599 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
600 |
Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
|
|
44118
|
601 |
-8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00
|
|
|
602 |
-8:00 - -08
|
|
15658
|
603 |
|
|
|
604 |
# American Samoa
|
|
|
605 |
Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
|
606 |
-11:22:48 - LMT 1911
|
|
26452
|
607 |
-11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
|
|
29722
|
608 |
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
|
|
15658
|
609 |
|
|
26452
|
610 |
# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
|
|
15658
|
611 |
|
|
|
612 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
|
|
|
613 |
# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
|
|
|
614 |
# the following info:
|
|
|
615 |
#
|
|
|
616 |
# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
|
|
|
617 |
# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
|
|
|
618 |
# Sunday of April 2011."
|
|
|
619 |
#
|
|
|
620 |
# Background info:
|
|
|
621 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
|
|
|
622 |
#
|
|
|
623 |
# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
|
|
|
624 |
# contain any dates:
|
|
|
625 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
627 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
|
|
|
628 |
# Please see
|
|
|
629 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
|
|
|
630 |
# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
|
|
|
631 |
# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
|
|
|
632 |
# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
|
|
|
633 |
# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
635 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
|
|
26452
|
636 |
# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
|
|
15658
|
637 |
#
|
|
26452
|
638 |
# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
|
|
|
639 |
# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
|
|
|
640 |
# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
|
|
|
641 |
# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
|
|
15658
|
642 |
|
|
26452
|
643 |
# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
|
|
15658
|
644 |
# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
|
|
|
645 |
#
|
|
|
646 |
# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
26452
|
648 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
|
|
|
649 |
# The International Date Line Act 2011
|
|
|
650 |
# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
|
|
41354
|
651 |
# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
|
|
26452
|
652 |
# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
|
|
|
653 |
# accordingly.
|
|
15658
|
654 |
|
|
|
655 |
# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
|
|
|
656 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
|
|
|
657 |
#
|
|
|
658 |
# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
|
|
|
659 |
#
|
|
|
660 |
# DST
|
|
26452
|
661 |
# Year End Time Start Time
|
|
|
662 |
# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
|
|
|
663 |
# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
|
|
15658
|
664 |
#
|
|
|
665 |
# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
|
|
|
666 |
# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
|
|
|
667 |
# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
|
|
|
668 |
#
|
|
26452
|
669 |
# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
|
|
15658
|
670 |
# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
|
|
26452
|
671 |
# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
|
|
15658
|
672 |
# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
|
|
|
673 |
#
|
|
26452
|
674 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
|
|
|
675 |
# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
|
|
|
676 |
# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
|
|
15658
|
677 |
|
|
|
678 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
26452
|
679 |
Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
|
|
|
680 |
Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
|
|
|
681 |
Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
|
|
|
682 |
Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
|
|
15658
|
683 |
Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
|
|
|
684 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
685 |
Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
|
|
|
686 |
-11:26:56 - LMT 1911
|
|
44118
|
687 |
-11:30 - -1130 1950
|
|
|
688 |
-11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00
|
|
|
689 |
13:00 WS +13/+14
|
|
15658
|
690 |
|
|
|
691 |
# Solomon Is
|
|
|
692 |
# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
693 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
694 |
Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
|
|
44118
|
695 |
11:00 - +11
|
|
15658
|
696 |
|
|
44118
|
697 |
# Tokelau
|
|
15658
|
698 |
#
|
|
|
699 |
# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
|
|
|
700 |
# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
|
|
|
701 |
# December 31 this year ...
|
|
|
702 |
#
|
|
|
703 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
|
|
|
704 |
# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
|
|
|
705 |
# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
|
|
|
706 |
# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
|
|
|
707 |
# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
|
|
|
708 |
#
|
|
|
709 |
# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
|
|
|
710 |
# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
|
|
|
711 |
# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
|
|
|
712 |
# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
|
|
|
713 |
# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
|
|
|
714 |
# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
716 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
717 |
Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
718 |
-11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30
|
|
|
719 |
13:00 - +13
|
|
15658
|
720 |
|
|
|
721 |
# Tonga
|
|
|
722 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
723 |
Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
|
724 |
Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
725 |
Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
726 |
Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
|
|
41962
|
727 |
Rule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
728 |
Rule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 -
|
|
15658
|
729 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
730 |
Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
41962
|
731 |
12:20 - +1220 1941
|
|
|
732 |
13:00 - +13 1999
|
|
|
733 |
13:00 Tonga +13/+14
|
|
15658
|
734 |
|
|
|
735 |
# Tuvalu
|
|
|
736 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
737 |
Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
738 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
739 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
741 |
# US minor outlying islands
|
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
743 |
# Howland, Baker
|
|
|
744 |
# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
|
|
|
745 |
# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
|
|
|
746 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
|
|
|
747 |
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
|
41354
|
748 |
# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
|
|
15658
|
749 |
# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
|
|
|
750 |
# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
|
|
|
751 |
# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
|
|
|
752 |
# until they were abandoned after the war.
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
754 |
# Jarvis
|
|
|
755 |
# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
|
|
|
756 |
# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
|
|
|
757 |
# uninhabited thereafter.
|
|
|
758 |
# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
759 |
|
|
|
760 |
# Johnston
|
|
20867
|
761 |
#
|
|
44118
|
762 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
|
|
23719
|
763 |
# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
|
|
|
764 |
# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
|
|
44118
|
765 |
# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
|
|
|
766 |
# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
|
|
23719
|
767 |
#
|
|
20867
|
768 |
# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
|
|
|
769 |
# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
|
|
|
770 |
# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
|
|
|
771 |
# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
|
|
|
772 |
# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
|
|
23719
|
773 |
#
|
|
|
774 |
# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
|
|
|
775 |
# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
|
|
|
776 |
# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
|
|
|
777 |
# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
|
|
|
778 |
# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
|
|
|
779 |
# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
|
|
|
780 |
# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
|
|
26452
|
781 |
# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
|
|
|
782 |
# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
|
|
23719
|
783 |
# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
|
|
|
784 |
# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
|
|
|
785 |
# Minus One Hour".
|
|
15658
|
786 |
|
|
|
787 |
# Kingman
|
|
|
788 |
# uninhabited
|
|
|
789 |
|
|
|
790 |
# Midway
|
|
29722
|
791 |
# See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
|
|
15658
|
792 |
|
|
|
793 |
# Palmyra
|
|
|
794 |
# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
796 |
# Wake
|
|
|
797 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
798 |
Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
799 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
800 |
|
|
|
801 |
|
|
|
802 |
# Vanuatu
|
|
|
803 |
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
|
804 |
Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
805 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
806 |
Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
807 |
Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
808 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
809 |
Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
|
810 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
26452
|
811 |
Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
|
|
44118
|
812 |
11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
|
|
15658
|
813 |
|
|
|
814 |
# Wallis and Futuna
|
|
|
815 |
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
|
816 |
Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
|
|
44118
|
817 |
12:00 - +12
|
|
15658
|
818 |
|
|
|
819 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
820 |
|
|
|
821 |
# NOTES
|
|
|
822 |
|
|
26452
|
823 |
# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
|
15658
|
824 |
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
|
26452
|
825 |
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
|
|
|
826 |
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
|
|
15658
|
827 |
|
|
44118
|
828 |
# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
|
|
27727
|
829 |
#
|
|
|
830 |
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
|
|
15658
|
831 |
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
|
|
|
832 |
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
|
|
27727
|
833 |
# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
|
|
15658
|
834 |
#
|
|
44118
|
835 |
# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
|
|
|
836 |
# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
|
|
15658
|
837 |
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
|
|
|
838 |
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
|
|
27727
|
839 |
# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
|
|
|
840 |
# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
|
|
15658
|
841 |
#
|
|
|
842 |
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
|
|
|
843 |
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
|
|
|
844 |
# I found in the UCLA library.
|
|
|
845 |
#
|
|
17464
|
846 |
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
|
|
26452
|
847 |
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
|
|
|
848 |
# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
|
|
17464
|
849 |
#
|
|
15658
|
850 |
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
|
|
|
851 |
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
|
|
|
852 |
#
|
|
44118
|
853 |
# The following abbreviations are from other sources.
|
|
15658
|
854 |
# Corrections are welcome!
|
|
26452
|
855 |
# std dst
|
|
|
856 |
# LMT Local Mean Time
|
|
|
857 |
# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
|
|
|
858 |
# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
|
|
|
859 |
# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
|
|
44118
|
860 |
# 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
|
|
26452
|
861 |
# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
|
|
|
862 |
# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
|
|
|
863 |
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
|
|
|
864 |
# -11:00 SST Samoa
|
|
|
865 |
# -10:00 HST Hawaii
|
|
15658
|
866 |
#
|
|
26452
|
867 |
# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
|
|
|
868 |
# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
|
|
15658
|
869 |
|
|
|
870 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
872 |
# Australia
|
|
|
873 |
|
|
26452
|
874 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
|
|
|
875 |
# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
|
|
|
876 |
# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
|
|
|
877 |
# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
|
|
|
878 |
# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
|
|
|
879 |
# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
|
|
|
880 |
# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
|
|
|
881 |
# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
|
|
|
882 |
# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
|
|
|
883 |
# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
|
|
|
884 |
# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
|
|
|
885 |
# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
|
|
|
886 |
|
|
15658
|
887 |
# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
|
|
|
888 |
# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
|
|
26452
|
889 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
|
|
|
890 |
# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
|
|
15658
|
891 |
|
|
|
892 |
# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
|
|
|
893 |
# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
|
|
26452
|
894 |
# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
|
|
|
895 |
# covers New South Wales in particular.
|
|
15658
|
896 |
|
|
|
897 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
26452
|
898 |
# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
|
|
|
899 |
# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
|
|
|
900 |
# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
|
|
15658
|
901 |
# abbreviation does _not_ change...
|
|
|
902 |
# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
|
|
|
903 |
# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
|
|
|
904 |
# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
|
|
26452
|
905 |
# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
|
|
15658
|
906 |
# time'.
|
|
|
907 |
# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
|
|
26452
|
908 |
# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
|
|
|
909 |
# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
|
|
15658
|
910 |
# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
|
|
|
911 |
# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
|
|
26452
|
912 |
# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
|
|
15658
|
913 |
# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
|
|
|
914 |
|
|
26452
|
915 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
|
|
15658
|
916 |
#
|
|
26452
|
917 |
# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
|
|
|
918 |
# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
|
|
|
919 |
# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
|
|
|
920 |
# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
|
|
|
921 |
# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
|
|
|
922 |
# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
|
|
|
923 |
# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
|
|
|
924 |
# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
|
|
|
925 |
# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
|
|
|
926 |
# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
|
|
|
927 |
# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
|
|
|
928 |
# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
|
|
15658
|
929 |
#
|
|
26452
|
930 |
# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
|
|
|
931 |
# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
|
|
|
932 |
# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
|
|
|
933 |
# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
|
|
|
934 |
# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
|
|
|
935 |
# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
|
|
|
936 |
# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
|
|
|
937 |
# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
|
|
|
938 |
# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
|
|
|
939 |
# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
|
|
|
940 |
#
|
|
|
941 |
# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
|
|
|
942 |
# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
|
|
15658
|
943 |
#
|
|
26452
|
944 |
# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
|
|
|
945 |
# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
|
|
|
946 |
# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
|
|
|
947 |
# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
|
|
15658
|
948 |
#
|
|
26452
|
949 |
# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
|
|
|
950 |
# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
|
|
15658
|
951 |
#
|
|
26452
|
952 |
# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
|
|
|
953 |
# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
|
|
|
954 |
# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
|
|
|
955 |
# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
|
|
|
956 |
# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
|
|
|
957 |
# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
|
|
|
958 |
# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
|
|
15658
|
959 |
#
|
|
26452
|
960 |
# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
|
|
|
961 |
# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
|
|
|
962 |
# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
|
|
|
963 |
# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
|
|
|
964 |
# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
|
|
|
965 |
# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
|
|
|
966 |
# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
|
|
|
967 |
# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
|
|
|
968 |
# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
|
|
|
969 |
# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
|
|
|
970 |
# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
|
|
|
971 |
# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
|
|
|
972 |
# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
|
|
|
973 |
# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
|
|
15658
|
974 |
#
|
|
26452
|
975 |
# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
|
|
15658
|
976 |
#
|
|
26452
|
977 |
# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
|
|
|
978 |
# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
|
|
|
979 |
# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
|
|
|
980 |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
|
|
|
981 |
#
|
|
|
982 |
# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
|
|
|
983 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
|
|
|
984 |
# EST CST WST EDT CDT
|
|
15658
|
985 |
#
|
|
26452
|
986 |
# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
|
|
|
987 |
# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
|
|
|
988 |
# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
|
|
15658
|
989 |
#
|
|
26452
|
990 |
# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
|
|
|
991 |
# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
|
|
|
992 |
# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
|
|
|
993 |
#
|
|
|
994 |
# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
|
|
|
995 |
# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
|
|
|
996 |
# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
|
|
15658
|
997 |
#
|
|
26452
|
998 |
# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
|
|
|
999 |
# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
|
|
|
1000 |
# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
|
|
|
1001 |
# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
|
|
|
1002 |
# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
|
|
|
1003 |
# appear in reports of events with international implications.
|
|
15658
|
1004 |
#
|
|
26452
|
1005 |
# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
|
|
|
1006 |
# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
|
|
|
1007 |
# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
|
|
|
1008 |
# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
|
|
|
1009 |
# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
|
|
|
1010 |
# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
|
|
|
1011 |
# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
|
|
|
1012 |
# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
|
|
|
1013 |
# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
|
|
15658
|
1014 |
|
|
|
1015 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
|
|
|
1016 |
# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
|
1017 |
# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
|
|
|
1018 |
# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
|
|
|
1019 |
# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
|
|
26452
|
1020 |
# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
|
|
15658
|
1021 |
# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
|
|
|
1022 |
|
|
|
1023 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
|
|
|
1024 |
#
|
|
|
1025 |
# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
|
|
|
1026 |
# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
|
|
|
1027 |
# relevant entries in this database.
|
|
|
1028 |
#
|
|
|
1029 |
# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
|
|
|
1030 |
# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
|
|
26452
|
1031 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
|
|
15658
|
1032 |
# ACT
|
|
|
1033 |
# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
|
|
26452
|
1034 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
|
|
15658
|
1035 |
# SA
|
|
|
1036 |
# Standard Time Act, 1898
|
|
26452
|
1037 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
|
|
15658
|
1038 |
|
|
|
1039 |
# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
|
|
|
1040 |
# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
|
|
|
1041 |
# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
|
|
|
1042 |
# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
|
|
|
1043 |
# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
|
|
|
1044 |
#
|
|
|
1045 |
# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
|
|
|
1046 |
# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
|
|
|
1047 |
# to extend DST together in 2006.
|
|
|
1048 |
# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
|
|
|
1049 |
# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
|
|
|
1050 |
# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
|
|
|
1051 |
# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
|
|
|
1052 |
# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
|
|
|
1053 |
# allude to it.
|
|
|
1054 |
# But not Queensland
|
|
26452
|
1055 |
# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
|
|
15658
|
1056 |
|
|
|
1057 |
# Northern Territory
|
|
|
1058 |
|
|
|
1059 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1060 |
# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
|
|
|
1061 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1062 |
# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
|
|
|
1063 |
# ...
|
|
|
1064 |
# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
|
|
|
1065 |
|
|
|
1066 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
1067 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
1068 |
# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
1069 |
|
|
|
1070 |
# Western Australia
|
|
|
1071 |
|
|
|
1072 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1073 |
# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
|
|
|
1074 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1075 |
# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
|
|
|
1076 |
# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
|
|
|
1077 |
# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
|
|
|
1078 |
# # before reaching parliament.
|
|
|
1079 |
# ...
|
|
|
1080 |
# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
|
|
|
1081 |
# ...
|
|
|
1082 |
# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1083 |
# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
1084 |
# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1085 |
# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
|
|
|
1086 |
|
|
|
1087 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
1088 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
1089 |
# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
|
|
|
1090 |
|
|
|
1091 |
# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
|
|
|
1092 |
# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
|
|
|
1093 |
# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
|
|
|
1094 |
# work at 9.00am.)
|
|
|
1095 |
# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
|
|
|
1096 |
# everybody again.
|
|
|
1097 |
|
|
|
1098 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
1099 |
# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
|
|
|
1100 |
# it matches what was used in the past.
|
|
|
1101 |
|
|
|
1102 |
# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
|
|
26452
|
1103 |
# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
|
|
|
1104 |
# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
|
|
15658
|
1105 |
# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
|
|
|
1106 |
|
|
|
1107 |
# Queensland
|
|
|
1108 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1109 |
# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
|
|
|
1110 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
1111 |
# ...
|
|
|
1112 |
# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
|
|
|
1113 |
# ...
|
|
|
1114 |
# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1115 |
# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
1116 |
# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1117 |
# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
|
|
|
1118 |
|
|
|
1119 |
# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
|
|
|
1120 |
# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
|
|
|
1121 |
# October 1989).
|
|
|
1122 |
|
|
|
1123 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
1124 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
1125 |
# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
|
1126 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
1127 |
|
|
|
1128 |
# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1129 |
# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
|
|
|
1130 |
# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
|
|
|
1131 |
# me.)
|
|
|
1132 |
|
|
|
1133 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
1134 |
# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
|
|
|
1135 |
# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
|
|
|
1136 |
# ...
|
|
|
1137 |
# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1138 |
# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
1139 |
# ...
|
|
|
1140 |
|
|
|
1141 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
1142 |
# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
|
|
|
1143 |
|
|
|
1144 |
# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
|
|
26452
|
1145 |
# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
|
|
15658
|
1146 |
# WA are trialing DST for three years.
|
|
26452
|
1147 |
# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
|
|
15658
|
1148 |
|
|
|
1149 |
# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
|
|
|
1150 |
# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
|
|
|
1151 |
# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
|
|
|
1152 |
# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
|
|
|
1153 |
# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
|
|
|
1154 |
# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
|
|
|
1155 |
# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
|
|
|
1156 |
# Australia and Western Australia....
|
|
|
1157 |
#
|
|
|
1158 |
# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
|
|
|
1159 |
# This is confirmed by the section entitled
|
|
|
1160 |
# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
|
|
26452
|
1161 |
# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
|
|
15658
|
1162 |
#
|
|
|
1163 |
# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
|
|
|
1164 |
# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
|
|
|
1165 |
# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
|
|
|
1166 |
# coast of the continent.
|
|
|
1167 |
#
|
|
|
1168 |
# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
|
|
|
1169 |
# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
|
|
|
1170 |
# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
|
|
|
1171 |
# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
|
|
|
1172 |
# the largest population centre in this zone....
|
|
|
1173 |
#
|
|
|
1174 |
# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
|
|
|
1175 |
# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
|
|
|
1176 |
# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
|
|
|
1177 |
# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
|
|
|
1178 |
#
|
|
|
1179 |
# (2006-12-09):
|
|
|
1180 |
# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
|
|
|
1181 |
# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
|
|
|
1182 |
# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
|
|
|
1183 |
# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
|
|
|
1184 |
|
|
|
1185 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
|
|
|
1186 |
# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
|
|
|
1187 |
# introduction of standard time in 1895.
|
|
|
1188 |
|
|
|
1189 |
|
|
|
1190 |
# southeast Australia
|
|
|
1191 |
#
|
|
|
1192 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1193 |
# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
|
|
|
1194 |
# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
1195 |
# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
|
|
|
1196 |
|
|
|
1197 |
|
|
|
1198 |
# South Australia
|
|
|
1199 |
|
|
|
1200 |
# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
|
|
|
1201 |
# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
|
|
|
1202 |
# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
|
|
|
1203 |
# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
|
|
|
1204 |
|
|
|
1205 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1206 |
# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
|
|
|
1207 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1208 |
# ...
|
|
|
1209 |
# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
|
|
|
1210 |
# ...
|
|
|
1211 |
# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1212 |
# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
1213 |
# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
1214 |
# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
1215 |
|
|
|
1216 |
# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
|
|
|
1217 |
# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
|
|
|
1218 |
# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
|
|
|
1219 |
# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
|
|
|
1220 |
|
|
|
1221 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
|
|
|
1222 |
# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
|
|
|
1223 |
# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
|
|
|
1224 |
# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
|
|
|
1225 |
# is on...
|
|
|
1226 |
|
|
|
1227 |
# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
|
|
|
1228 |
# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
|
|
|
1229 |
# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
|
|
|
1230 |
# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
|
|
|
1231 |
|
|
|
1232 |
# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
|
|
|
1233 |
# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
|
|
|
1234 |
# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
|
|
|
1235 |
# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
|
|
|
1236 |
|
|
|
1237 |
# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
|
|
|
1238 |
# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
|
|
|
1239 |
# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
|
|
|
1240 |
# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
|
|
|
1241 |
|
|
|
1242 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1243 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1244 |
|
|
|
1245 |
# Tasmania
|
|
|
1246 |
|
|
|
1247 |
# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
|
1248 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1249 |
# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
|
1250 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1251 |
|
|
|
1252 |
# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
|
|
|
1253 |
# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
|
|
|
1254 |
# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
|
|
|
1255 |
# (but nothing new about that).
|
|
|
1256 |
|
|
|
1257 |
# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
|
|
|
1258 |
# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
|
|
|
1259 |
# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
|
|
|
1260 |
# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
|
|
|
1261 |
# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
|
|
|
1262 |
# instead of the first Sunday in October.
|
|
|
1263 |
|
|
|
1264 |
# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
|
|
|
1265 |
# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
|
|
|
1266 |
|
|
|
1267 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1268 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1269 |
|
|
|
1270 |
# Victoria
|
|
|
1271 |
|
|
|
1272 |
# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
|
|
|
1273 |
# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1274 |
# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
|
|
|
1275 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1276 |
|
|
|
1277 |
# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
|
|
|
1278 |
# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
|
|
|
1279 |
# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
|
|
|
1280 |
# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
|
|
|
1281 |
# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
|
|
|
1282 |
# in Melbourne, Australia.
|
|
|
1283 |
#
|
|
|
1284 |
# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
|
|
|
1285 |
# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
|
|
|
1286 |
# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
|
|
|
1287 |
# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
|
|
|
1288 |
# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
|
|
|
1289 |
# expected time.
|
|
|
1290 |
#
|
|
|
1291 |
# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
|
|
|
1292 |
# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
|
|
|
1293 |
# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
|
|
|
1294 |
# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
|
|
|
1295 |
#
|
|
|
1296 |
# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
|
|
|
1297 |
# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
|
|
|
1298 |
|
|
|
1299 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1300 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1301 |
|
|
|
1302 |
# New South Wales
|
|
|
1303 |
|
|
|
1304 |
# From Arthur David Olson:
|
|
|
1305 |
# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
|
|
|
1306 |
# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
|
|
|
1307 |
# who notes:
|
|
|
1308 |
# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
|
|
26452
|
1309 |
# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
|
|
15658
|
1310 |
# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
|
|
|
1311 |
# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
|
|
|
1312 |
# legislation. This is very important to understand.
|
|
|
1313 |
# I have researched New South Wales time only...
|
|
|
1314 |
|
|
|
1315 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
|
|
|
1316 |
# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
|
|
26452
|
1317 |
# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
|
|
|
1318 |
# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
|
|
|
1319 |
# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
|
|
15658
|
1320 |
|
|
|
1321 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
|
|
|
1322 |
# See the following official NSW source:
|
|
|
1323 |
# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
|
|
26452
|
1324 |
# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
|
|
15658
|
1325 |
#
|
|
|
1326 |
# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
|
|
|
1327 |
# daylight saving next year. See:
|
|
|
1328 |
# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
|
|
26452
|
1329 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
|
|
|
1330 |
# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
|
|
15658
|
1331 |
#
|
|
|
1332 |
# Victoria will following NSW. See:
|
|
26452
|
1333 |
# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
|
|
|
1334 |
# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
|
|
15658
|
1335 |
#
|
|
|
1336 |
# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
|
|
26452
|
1337 |
# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
|
|
|
1338 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
|
|
15658
|
1339 |
#
|
|
|
1340 |
# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
|
|
|
1341 |
# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
|
|
26452
|
1342 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
|
|
|
1343 |
# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
|
|
|
1344 |
# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
|
|
15658
|
1345 |
# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
|
|
|
1346 |
# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
|
|
|
1347 |
# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
|
|
26452
|
1348 |
# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
|
|
15658
|
1349 |
#
|
|
|
1350 |
# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
|
|
26452
|
1351 |
# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
|
|
|
1352 |
# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
|
|
15658
|
1353 |
|
|
|
1354 |
# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
|
|
|
1355 |
# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
|
|
|
1356 |
# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
|
|
|
1357 |
|
|
|
1358 |
# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
|
|
|
1359 |
# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
|
|
|
1360 |
# towns to use Queensland time.
|
|
|
1361 |
|
|
|
1362 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1363 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1364 |
|
|
|
1365 |
# Yancowinna
|
|
|
1366 |
|
|
|
1367 |
# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
|
26452
|
1368 |
# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
|
|
15658
|
1369 |
|
|
|
1370 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1371 |
# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
|
|
|
1372 |
# # [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
1373 |
# ...
|
|
|
1374 |
# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
|
|
|
1375 |
# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
|
|
|
1376 |
# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
|
|
|
1377 |
# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
|
|
|
1378 |
# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
|
|
|
1379 |
# # presently available.
|
|
|
1380 |
# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
|
|
|
1381 |
# ...
|
|
|
1382 |
# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1383 |
# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
|
|
|
1384 |
# [followed by other Rules]
|
|
|
1385 |
|
|
|
1386 |
# Lord Howe Island
|
|
|
1387 |
|
|
|
1388 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1389 |
# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
|
|
|
1390 |
# [ Dec 1990 ]
|
|
|
1391 |
# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
|
|
|
1392 |
# hour ahead of NSW time.
|
|
|
1393 |
|
|
|
1394 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
|
|
|
1395 |
# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
|
|
|
1396 |
# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
|
|
|
1397 |
# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
|
|
|
1398 |
# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
|
|
|
1399 |
# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
|
|
|
1400 |
# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
|
|
|
1401 |
# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
|
|
|
1402 |
# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
|
|
|
1403 |
# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
1404 |
|
|
|
1405 |
# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
|
|
|
1406 |
# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
|
|
|
1407 |
# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
|
|
|
1408 |
# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
|
|
|
1409 |
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
|
|
|
1410 |
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
|
|
|
1411 |
|
|
|
1412 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1413 |
# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
|
|
|
1414 |
# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
|
|
|
1415 |
|
|
|
1416 |
# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
|
|
|
1417 |
# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
|
|
|
1418 |
|
|
|
1419 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
|
|
|
1420 |
# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
|
|
|
1421 |
# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
|
|
|
1422 |
# summer (southern hemisphere).
|
|
|
1423 |
#
|
|
|
1424 |
# From
|
|
|
1425 |
# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
|
|
|
1426 |
# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
|
|
|
1427 |
# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
|
|
|
1428 |
# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
|
|
|
1429 |
# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
|
|
|
1430 |
# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
|
|
|
1431 |
# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
|
|
|
1432 |
# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
|
|
|
1433 |
#
|
|
|
1434 |
# We have a wrap-up here:
|
|
|
1435 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
|
|
|
1436 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
1437 |
|
|
|
1438 |
# New Zealand
|
|
|
1439 |
|
|
|
1440 |
# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
|
|
|
1441 |
# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
|
|
|
1442 |
# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
|
|
|
1443 |
# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
|
|
26452
|
1444 |
# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
|
|
15658
|
1445 |
|
|
|
1446 |
# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
|
|
|
1447 |
# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
|
|
|
1448 |
# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
|
|
|
1449 |
# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
|
|
|
1450 |
# # [ Nov 1990 ]
|
|
|
1451 |
# ...
|
|
|
1452 |
# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1453 |
# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
|
1454 |
# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
1455 |
# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
|
|
|
1456 |
# ...
|
|
|
1457 |
# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
|
|
|
1458 |
# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
|
|
|
1459 |
|
|
|
1460 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
|
|
|
1461 |
# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
|
|
|
1462 |
# rather than the October 1 value.
|
|
|
1463 |
|
|
|
1464 |
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
|
|
|
1465 |
# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
|
|
|
1466 |
# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
|
|
|
1467 |
# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
|
|
|
1468 |
# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
|
|
|
1469 |
# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
|
|
|
1470 |
#
|
|
|
1471 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1472 |
# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
|
|
|
1473 |
# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
|
|
|
1474 |
# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
|
|
|
1475 |
#
|
|
|
1476 |
# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
|
|
|
1477 |
# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
|
|
|
1478 |
# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
|
|
|
1479 |
|
|
|
1480 |
# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
|
|
|
1481 |
# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
|
|
|
1482 |
# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
|
|
|
1483 |
# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
|
|
|
1484 |
# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
|
|
|
1485 |
|
|
26452
|
1486 |
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
|
|
|
1487 |
# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
|
|
|
1488 |
# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
|
|
|
1489 |
# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
|
|
|
1490 |
# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
|
|
|
1491 |
# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
|
|
|
1492 |
# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
|
|
|
1493 |
# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
|
|
|
1494 |
# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
|
|
|
1495 |
# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
|
|
41354
|
1496 |
# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
|
|
26452
|
1497 |
# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
|
|
|
1498 |
|
|
15658
|
1499 |
###############################################################################
|
|
|
1500 |
|
|
|
1501 |
|
|
|
1502 |
# Fiji
|
|
|
1503 |
|
|
|
1504 |
# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
|
|
|
1505 |
# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
|
|
|
1506 |
# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
|
|
|
1507 |
|
|
|
1508 |
# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
|
|
|
1509 |
# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
|
|
|
1510 |
# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
|
|
|
1511 |
# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
|
|
|
1512 |
|
|
|
1513 |
# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
|
|
|
1514 |
# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
|
|
|
1515 |
|
|
19382
|
1516 |
# From the BBC World Service in
|
|
|
1517 |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
|
|
26452
|
1518 |
# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
|
|
19382
|
1519 |
# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
|
|
|
1520 |
# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
|
|
|
1521 |
# of the new millennium.
|
|
15658
|
1522 |
|
|
|
1523 |
# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
|
|
|
1524 |
# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
|
|
|
1525 |
|
|
|
1526 |
|
|
|
1527 |
# Kiribati
|
|
|
1528 |
|
|
|
1529 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
|
1530 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
|
|
26452
|
1531 |
# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
|
|
15658
|
1532 |
# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
|
|
|
1533 |
|
|
|
1534 |
|
|
|
1535 |
# Kwajalein
|
|
|
1536 |
|
|
|
1537 |
# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
|
|
|
1538 |
# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
|
|
|
1539 |
# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
|
|
|
1540 |
# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
|
|
|
1541 |
# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
|
|
|
1542 |
|
|
|
1543 |
|
|
|
1544 |
# N Mariana Is, Guam
|
|
|
1545 |
|
|
26452
|
1546 |
# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
|
|
|
1547 |
# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
|
|
15658
|
1548 |
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
|
|
|
1549 |
# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
|
|
|
1550 |
# see Asia/Manila.
|
|
|
1551 |
|
|
41354
|
1552 |
# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
|
|
15658
|
1553 |
# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
|
|
|
1554 |
# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
|
|
|
1555 |
# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
|
|
|
1556 |
|
|
|
1557 |
|
|
|
1558 |
# Micronesia
|
|
|
1559 |
|
|
|
1560 |
# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
|
|
26452
|
1561 |
# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
|
|
|
1562 |
# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
|
|
15658
|
1563 |
#
|
|
41354
|
1564 |
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
|
|
15658
|
1565 |
# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
|
|
|
1566 |
|
|
|
1567 |
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
|
|
1568 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
|
|
26452
|
1569 |
# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
|
|
|
1570 |
# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
|
|
41354
|
1571 |
# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
|
|
|
1572 |
# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
|
|
15658
|
1573 |
|
|
|
1574 |
|
|
|
1575 |
# Midway
|
|
|
1576 |
|
|
|
1577 |
# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
|
|
|
1578 |
# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
|
|
|
1579 |
# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
|
|
|
1580 |
# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
|
|
|
1581 |
# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
|
|
|
1582 |
# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
|
|
|
1583 |
# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
|
|
|
1584 |
# air at 6am your time.
|
|
|
1585 |
#
|
|
|
1586 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
|
1587 |
# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
|
|
|
1588 |
# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
|
|
|
1589 |
# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
|
|
|
1590 |
|
|
32853
|
1591 |
# Norfolk
|
|
|
1592 |
|
|
|
1593 |
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
|
|
|
1594 |
# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
|
|
|
1595 |
# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
|
|
|
1596 |
# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
|
|
|
1597 |
# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
|
|
|
1598 |
|
|
|
1599 |
# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
|
|
|
1600 |
# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
|
|
|
1601 |
# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
|
|
|
1602 |
# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
|
|
|
1603 |
# other than in 1974/5. See:
|
|
|
1604 |
# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
|
|
15658
|
1605 |
|
|
|
1606 |
# Pitcairn
|
|
|
1607 |
|
|
|
1608 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
|
|
|
1609 |
# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
|
|
|
1610 |
# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
|
|
|
1611 |
#
|
|
|
1612 |
# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
|
|
|
1613 |
# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
|
|
|
1614 |
# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
|
|
|
1615 |
#
|
|
|
1616 |
# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
|
|
|
1617 |
# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
|
|
|
1618 |
# somehow in light of this proclamation.
|
|
|
1619 |
|
|
|
1620 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
|
|
|
1621 |
# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
|
|
|
1622 |
# ... at midnight.
|
|
|
1623 |
|
|
|
1624 |
# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
|
|
|
1625 |
# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
|
|
|
1626 |
# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
|
|
|
1627 |
# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
|
|
|
1628 |
|
|
|
1629 |
|
|
26452
|
1630 |
# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
|
|
15658
|
1631 |
|
|
|
1632 |
# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
|
|
|
1633 |
# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
|
|
26452
|
1634 |
# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
|
|
|
1635 |
# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
|
|
|
1636 |
# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
|
|
15658
|
1637 |
|
|
41354
|
1638 |
# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
|
|
|
1639 |
# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
|
|
26452
|
1640 |
# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
|
|
|
1641 |
# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
|
|
41354
|
1642 |
# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
|
|
26452
|
1643 |
# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
|
|
|
1644 |
# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
|
|
|
1645 |
# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
|
|
15658
|
1646 |
|
|
|
1647 |
# Tonga
|
|
|
1648 |
|
|
|
1649 |
# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
|
|
26452
|
1650 |
# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
|
|
|
1651 |
# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
|
|
15658
|
1652 |
# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
|
|
|
1653 |
|
|
|
1654 |
# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
|
|
26452
|
1655 |
# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
|
|
|
1656 |
# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
|
|
|
1657 |
#
|
|
15658
|
1658 |
# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
|
|
|
1659 |
# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
|
|
|
1660 |
# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
|
|
|
1661 |
# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
|
|
|
1662 |
# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
|
|
|
1663 |
# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
|
|
|
1664 |
#
|
|
26452
|
1665 |
# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
|
|
|
1666 |
# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
|
|
15658
|
1667 |
# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
|
|
|
1668 |
#
|
|
|
1669 |
# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
|
|
|
1670 |
# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
|
|
|
1671 |
# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
|
|
|
1672 |
# minutes we have lost?"
|
|
|
1673 |
#
|
|
|
1674 |
# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
|
|
|
1675 |
# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
|
|
|
1676 |
# to say your prayers in the morning."
|
|
|
1677 |
|
|
|
1678 |
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
|
|
1679 |
# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
|
|
|
1680 |
|
|
|
1681 |
# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
|
|
19382
|
1682 |
# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
|
|
15658
|
1683 |
# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
|
|
|
1684 |
# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
|
|
|
1685 |
# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
|
|
|
1686 |
# Government.
|
|
|
1687 |
|
|
|
1688 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
|
|
1689 |
# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
|
|
|
1690 |
#
|
|
|
1691 |
# I was given this link by John Letts:
|
|
|
1692 |
# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
|
|
|
1693 |
#
|
|
|
1694 |
# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
|
|
|
1695 |
# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
|
|
|
1696 |
# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
|
|
|
1697 |
# (12 + 1 hour DST).
|
|
|
1698 |
|
|
|
1699 |
# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
|
|
26452
|
1700 |
# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
|
|
15658
|
1701 |
# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
|
|
|
1702 |
# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
|
|
|
1703 |
# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
|
|
|
1704 |
# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
|
|
|
1705 |
# set back an hour on the closing date."
|
|
|
1706 |
# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
|
|
|
1707 |
|
|
|
1708 |
# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
|
|
|
1709 |
# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
|
|
|
1710 |
# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
|
|
|
1711 |
|
|
|
1712 |
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
|
|
|
1713 |
# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
|
|
|
1714 |
# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
|
|
|
1715 |
# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
|
|
|
1716 |
# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
|
|
|
1717 |
# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
|
|
26452
|
1718 |
# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
|
|
15658
|
1719 |
|
|
|
1720 |
# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
|
|
|
1721 |
# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
|
|
|
1722 |
|
|
|
1723 |
# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
|
|
|
1724 |
# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
|
|
|
1725 |
# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
|
|
|
1726 |
# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
|
|
|
1727 |
# hour to 1:00am.
|
|
|
1728 |
|
|
41962
|
1729 |
# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
|
|
15658
|
1730 |
# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
|
|
|
1731 |
|
|
41962
|
1732 |
# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
|
|
|
1733 |
# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
|
|
|
1734 |
# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
|
|
|
1735 |
# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
|
|
|
1736 |
#
|
|
|
1737 |
# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
|
|
|
1738 |
# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
|
|
|
1739 |
# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
|
|
15658
|
1740 |
|
|
|
1741 |
# Wake
|
|
|
1742 |
|
|
|
1743 |
# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
|
|
|
1744 |
# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
|
|
|
1745 |
#
|
|
26452
|
1746 |
# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
|
|
15658
|
1747 |
# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
|
|
|
1748 |
# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
|
|
|
1749 |
# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
|
|
|
1750 |
# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
|
|
|
1751 |
# impossible.
|
|
|
1752 |
#
|
|
|
1753 |
# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
|
|
|
1754 |
|
|
|
1755 |
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
|
|
|
1756 |
# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
|
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1757 |
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1758 |
###############################################################################
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1759 |
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1760 |
# The International Date Line
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1761 |
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1762 |
# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
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1763 |
#
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1764 |
# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
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1765 |
# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
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1766 |
# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
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1767 |
# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
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1768 |
#
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1769 |
# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
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1770 |
# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
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1771 |
# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
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1772 |
# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
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1773 |
# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
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1774 |
# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
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1775 |
# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
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1776 |
# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
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1777 |
# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
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1778 |
# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
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1779 |
# correct date is ambiguous.
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1780 |
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1781 |
# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
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1782 |
# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
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1783 |
# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
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1784 |
# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
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1785 |
# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
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1786 |
# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
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1787 |
# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
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1788 |
# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
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1789 |
# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
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|
1790 |
# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
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26452
|
1791 |
# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
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15658
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1792 |
# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
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1793 |
# independent merchant ships until World War II.
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1794 |
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|
1795 |
# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
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|
1796 |
# (2005-03-20):
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|
1797 |
#
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|
1798 |
# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
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26452
|
1799 |
# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
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15658
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1800 |
# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
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1801 |
# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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