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1 # |
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2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
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3 # |
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4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
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6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this |
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7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided |
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8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. |
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9 # |
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10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
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14 # accompanied this code). |
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15 # |
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16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
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17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
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18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
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19 # |
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20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA |
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21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any |
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22 # questions. |
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23 # |
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24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
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25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
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26 |
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27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. |
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28 |
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29 # Notes are at the end of this file |
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30 |
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31 ############################################################################### |
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32 |
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33 # Australia |
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34 |
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35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
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36 |
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37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D |
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39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S |
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40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D |
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41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S |
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42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D |
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43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
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44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D |
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45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
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46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
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47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
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48 |
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49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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50 # Northern Territory |
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51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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53 9:30 Aus AC%sT |
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54 # Western Australia |
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55 # |
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56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D |
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62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
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64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul |
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68 8:00 AW AW%sT |
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69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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70 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul |
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71 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 |
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72 |
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73 # Queensland |
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74 # |
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75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
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76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
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77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
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78 # Queensland ceased to. |
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79 # |
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80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
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81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
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82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
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83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
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84 # so use Lindeman. |
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85 # |
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86 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): |
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87 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday |
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88 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the |
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89 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and |
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90 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone |
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91 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. |
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92 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands |
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93 # |
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94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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95 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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96 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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97 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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98 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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99 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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100 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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101 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
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102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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103 10:00 AQ AE%sT |
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104 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
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105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
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107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
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108 |
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109 # South Australia |
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110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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111 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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112 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
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113 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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114 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
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115 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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116 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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117 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
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118 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
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119 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
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120 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
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121 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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122 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
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123 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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124 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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125 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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127 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
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130 9:30 AS AC%sT |
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131 |
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132 # Tasmania |
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133 # |
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134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
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135 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
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136 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
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137 # |
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138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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139 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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140 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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141 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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142 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
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143 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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144 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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145 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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146 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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147 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
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148 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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149 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
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150 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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151 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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152 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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153 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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154 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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155 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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156 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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157 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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159 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
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163 10:00 AT AE%sT |
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164 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
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168 10:00 AT AE%sT |
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169 |
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170 # Victoria |
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171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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172 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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173 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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174 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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175 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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176 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
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177 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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178 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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179 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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180 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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181 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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182 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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183 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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184 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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185 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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187 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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189 10:00 AV AE%sT |
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190 |
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191 # New South Wales |
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192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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193 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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194 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
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195 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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196 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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197 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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198 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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199 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
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200 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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201 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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202 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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203 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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204 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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205 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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206 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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207 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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208 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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210 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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212 10:00 AN AE%sT |
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213 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
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215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
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217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
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218 9:30 AS AC%sT |
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219 |
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220 # Lord Howe Island |
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221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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222 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
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223 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
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224 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
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225 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S |
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226 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D |
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227 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
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228 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
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229 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
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230 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
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231 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D |
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232 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
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233 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
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234 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
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235 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D |
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236 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
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238 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul |
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239 10:30 LH +1030/+11 |
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240 |
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241 # Australian miscellany |
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242 # |
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243 # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
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244 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
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245 # no times are set |
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246 # |
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247 # Coral Sea Is |
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248 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
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249 # no times are set |
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250 # |
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251 # Macquarie |
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252 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; |
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253 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the |
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254 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island |
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255 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 |
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256 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 |
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257 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. |
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258 # |
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259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): |
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260 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: |
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261 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not |
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262 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do |
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263 # on 4 April. |
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264 # |
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265 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): |
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266 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics |
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267 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; |
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268 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by |
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269 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. |
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270 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov |
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271 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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272 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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273 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s |
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274 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 |
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275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
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276 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 |
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277 11:00 - +11 |
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278 |
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279 # Christmas |
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280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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281 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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282 7:00 - +07 |
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283 |
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284 # Cocos (Keeling) Is |
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285 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
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286 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
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287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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288 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
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289 6:30 - +0630 |
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290 |
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291 |
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292 # Fiji |
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293 |
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294 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. |
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295 |
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296 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
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297 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
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298 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
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299 # |
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300 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
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301 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
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302 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
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303 |
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304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
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305 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
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306 # amendments: |
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307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
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308 |
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309 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
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310 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
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311 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
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312 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
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313 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
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314 # |
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315 # Official source: |
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316 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
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317 # |
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318 # A bit more background info here: |
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319 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
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320 |
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321 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
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322 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
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323 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
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324 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
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325 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
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326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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327 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
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328 |
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329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
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330 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
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331 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
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332 # |
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333 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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334 # which says |
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335 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
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336 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
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337 # 2am on February 26 next year. |
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338 |
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339 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
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340 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
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341 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
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342 # |
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343 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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344 # states: |
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345 # |
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346 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
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347 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
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348 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
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349 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. |
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350 |
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351 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: |
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352 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate |
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353 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st |
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354 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. |
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355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 |
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356 |
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357 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: |
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358 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... |
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359 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am |
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360 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx |
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361 |
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362 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): |
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363 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: |
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364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx |
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365 |
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366 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): |
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367 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. |
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368 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx |
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369 |
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370 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 |
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371 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), |
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372 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): |
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373 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time |
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374 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at |
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375 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. |
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376 |
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377 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): |
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378 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx |
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379 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when |
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380 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will |
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381 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." |
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382 |
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383 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): |
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384 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to |
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385 # 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches |
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386 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future |
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387 # practice than guessing no DST. |
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388 |
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389 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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390 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
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391 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
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392 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S |
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393 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - |
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394 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S |
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395 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - |
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396 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - |
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397 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - |
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398 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
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399 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
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400 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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401 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
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402 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 |
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403 |
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404 # French Polynesia |
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405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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406 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
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407 -9:00 - -09 |
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408 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
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409 -9:30 - -0930 |
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410 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
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411 -10:00 - -10 |
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412 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
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413 # it is uninhabited. |
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414 |
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415 # Guam |
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416 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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417 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
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418 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
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419 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
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420 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
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421 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is |
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422 |
|
423 # Kiribati |
|
424 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
425 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
|
426 12:00 - +12 |
|
427 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
428 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct |
|
429 -11:00 - -11 1995 |
|
430 13:00 - +13 |
|
431 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
432 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct |
|
433 -10:00 - -10 1995 |
|
434 14:00 - +14 |
|
435 |
|
436 # N Mariana Is |
|
437 # See Pacific/Guam. |
|
438 |
|
439 # Marshall Is |
|
440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
441 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
|
442 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
443 12:00 - +12 |
|
444 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
445 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
446 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 |
|
447 12:00 - +12 |
|
448 |
|
449 # Micronesia |
|
450 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
451 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
|
452 10:00 - +10 |
|
453 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
|
454 11:00 - +11 |
|
455 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
456 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
457 12:00 - +12 1999 |
|
458 11:00 - +11 |
|
459 |
|
460 # Nauru |
|
461 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
462 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
|
463 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15 |
|
464 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15 |
|
465 11:30 - +1130 1979 May |
|
466 12:00 - +12 |
|
467 |
|
468 # New Caledonia |
|
469 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
470 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
|
471 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
|
472 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
|
473 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
|
474 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
|
475 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
476 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa |
|
477 11:00 NC +11/+12 |
|
478 |
|
479 |
|
480 ############################################################################### |
|
481 |
|
482 # New Zealand |
|
483 |
|
484 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
485 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
|
486 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
|
487 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
|
488 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
|
489 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
|
490 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
|
491 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
|
492 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no |
|
493 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition |
|
494 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. |
|
495 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
496 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
|
497 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
|
498 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S |
|
499 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
500 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
|
501 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
|
502 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
|
503 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
504 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D |
|
505 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
506 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
|
507 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
|
508 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S |
|
509 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
510 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
|
511 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
|
512 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
|
513 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
514 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
|
515 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
|
516 12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
|
517 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
|
518 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 |
|
519 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 |
|
520 |
|
521 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo |
|
522 |
|
523 # Auckland Is |
|
524 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
|
525 # and scientific personnel have wintered |
|
526 |
|
527 # Campbell I |
|
528 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
|
529 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
|
530 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
|
531 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
|
532 |
|
533 # Cook Is |
|
534 # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
|
535 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
536 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS |
|
537 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
|
538 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS |
|
539 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
540 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
|
541 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 |
|
542 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 |
|
543 |
|
544 ############################################################################### |
|
545 |
|
546 |
|
547 # Niue |
|
548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
549 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
|
550 -11:20 - -1120 1951 |
|
551 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 |
|
552 -11:00 - -11 |
|
553 |
|
554 # Norfolk |
|
555 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
556 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
|
557 11:12 - +1112 1951 |
|
558 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 |
|
559 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 |
|
560 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 |
|
561 11:00 - +11 |
|
562 |
|
563 # Palau (Belau) |
|
564 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
565 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror |
|
566 9:00 - +09 |
|
567 |
|
568 # Papua New Guinea |
|
569 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
570 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
|
571 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
|
572 10:00 - +10 |
|
573 # |
|
574 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): |
|
575 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have |
|
576 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. |
|
577 # |
|
578 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates |
|
579 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. |
|
580 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. |
|
581 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, |
|
582 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia |
|
583 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm |
|
584 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. |
|
585 # |
|
586 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 |
|
587 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". |
|
588 # See: |
|
589 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ |
|
590 # |
|
591 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 |
|
592 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 |
|
593 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul |
|
594 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 |
|
595 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 |
|
596 11:00 - +11 |
|
597 |
|
598 # Pitcairn |
|
599 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
600 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
|
601 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 |
|
602 -8:00 - -08 |
|
603 |
|
604 # American Samoa |
|
605 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
|
606 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
|
607 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
|
608 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands |
|
609 |
|
610 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
|
611 |
|
612 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
|
613 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
|
614 # the following info: |
|
615 # |
|
616 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
|
617 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
|
618 # Sunday of April 2011." |
|
619 # |
|
620 # Background info: |
|
621 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
|
622 # |
|
623 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
|
624 # contain any dates: |
|
625 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
|
626 |
|
627 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
|
628 # Please see |
|
629 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
|
630 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
|
631 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
|
632 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
|
633 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
|
634 |
|
635 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
|
636 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
|
637 # |
|
638 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
|
639 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
|
640 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
|
641 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
|
642 |
|
643 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
|
644 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
|
645 # |
|
646 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
|
647 |
|
648 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
|
649 # The International Date Line Act 2011 |
|
650 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
|
651 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
|
652 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
|
653 # accordingly. |
|
654 |
|
655 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
|
656 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
|
657 # |
|
658 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
|
659 # |
|
660 # DST |
|
661 # Year End Time Start Time |
|
662 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
|
663 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
|
664 # |
|
665 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
|
666 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
|
667 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
|
668 # |
|
669 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
|
670 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
|
671 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
|
672 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
|
673 # |
|
674 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
|
675 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
|
676 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
|
677 |
|
678 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
679 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D |
|
680 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S |
|
681 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D |
|
682 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S |
|
683 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D |
|
684 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
685 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
|
686 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
|
687 -11:30 - -1130 1950 |
|
688 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 |
|
689 13:00 WS +13/+14 |
|
690 |
|
691 # Solomon Is |
|
692 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
|
693 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
694 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
|
695 11:00 - +11 |
|
696 |
|
697 # Tokelau |
|
698 # |
|
699 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) |
|
700 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping |
|
701 # December 31 this year ... |
|
702 # |
|
703 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) |
|
704 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking |
|
705 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... |
|
706 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change |
|
707 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. |
|
708 # |
|
709 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) |
|
710 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of |
|
711 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, |
|
712 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau |
|
713 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger |
|
714 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. |
|
715 |
|
716 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
717 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
718 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 |
|
719 13:00 - +13 |
|
720 |
|
721 # Tonga |
|
722 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
723 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S |
|
724 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
|
725 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
|
726 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
|
727 Rule Tonga 2016 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
|
728 Rule Tonga 2017 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
|
729 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
730 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
731 12:20 - +1220 1941 |
|
732 13:00 - +13 1999 |
|
733 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 |
|
734 |
|
735 # Tuvalu |
|
736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
737 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
|
738 12:00 - +12 |
|
739 |
|
740 |
|
741 # US minor outlying islands |
|
742 |
|
743 # Howland, Baker |
|
744 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
|
745 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
|
746 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
|
747 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
748 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; |
|
749 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
|
750 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
|
751 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
|
752 # until they were abandoned after the war. |
|
753 |
|
754 # Jarvis |
|
755 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
|
756 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
|
757 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
758 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
759 |
|
760 # Johnston |
|
761 # |
|
762 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): |
|
763 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. |
|
764 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so |
|
765 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, |
|
766 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. |
|
767 # |
|
768 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 |
|
769 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, |
|
770 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM |
|
771 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and |
|
772 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. |
|
773 # |
|
774 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): |
|
775 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used |
|
776 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, |
|
777 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the |
|
778 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last |
|
779 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, |
|
780 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the |
|
781 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. |
|
782 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf |
|
783 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a |
|
784 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time |
|
785 # Minus One Hour". |
|
786 |
|
787 # Kingman |
|
788 # uninhabited |
|
789 |
|
790 # Midway |
|
791 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. |
|
792 |
|
793 # Palmyra |
|
794 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
795 |
|
796 # Wake |
|
797 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
798 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
|
799 12:00 - +12 |
|
800 |
|
801 |
|
802 # Vanuatu |
|
803 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
804 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S |
|
805 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
806 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
807 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
808 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
809 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
810 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
811 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
|
812 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 |
|
813 |
|
814 # Wallis and Futuna |
|
815 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
816 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
817 12:00 - +12 |
|
818 |
|
819 ############################################################################### |
|
820 |
|
821 # NOTES |
|
822 |
|
823 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
|
824 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
|
825 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
|
826 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
|
827 |
|
828 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): |
|
829 # |
|
830 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
|
831 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
|
832 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
|
833 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
|
834 # |
|
835 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source |
|
836 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport |
|
837 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
|
838 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
|
839 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
|
840 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
|
841 # |
|
842 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
|
843 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
|
844 # I found in the UCLA library. |
|
845 # |
|
846 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: |
|
847 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. |
|
848 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 |
|
849 # |
|
850 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
|
851 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
|
852 # |
|
853 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. |
|
854 # Corrections are welcome! |
|
855 # std dst |
|
856 # LMT Local Mean Time |
|
857 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
|
858 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
|
859 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
|
860 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000 |
|
861 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
|
862 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
|
863 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
|
864 # -11:00 SST Samoa |
|
865 # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
|
866 # |
|
867 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
|
868 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
|
869 |
|
870 ############################################################################### |
|
871 |
|
872 # Australia |
|
873 |
|
874 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
|
875 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
|
876 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
|
877 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
|
878 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
|
879 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
|
880 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
|
881 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
|
882 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
|
883 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
|
884 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
|
885 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
|
886 |
|
887 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
|
888 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
|
889 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
|
890 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
|
891 |
|
892 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
|
893 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
|
894 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving |
|
895 # covers New South Wales in particular. |
|
896 |
|
897 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
898 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
|
899 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
|
900 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
|
901 # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
|
902 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
|
903 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
|
904 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
|
905 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
|
906 # time'. |
|
907 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
|
908 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
|
909 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
|
910 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
|
911 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
|
912 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
|
913 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
|
914 |
|
915 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
|
916 # |
|
917 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
|
918 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
|
919 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
|
920 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
|
921 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
|
922 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
|
923 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
|
924 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
|
925 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
|
926 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
|
927 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
|
928 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
|
929 # |
|
930 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
931 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
|
932 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
|
933 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
|
934 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
|
935 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
|
936 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
937 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
938 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
|
939 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
|
940 # |
|
941 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
942 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
|
943 # |
|
944 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
|
945 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
|
946 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
|
947 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
|
948 # |
|
949 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
|
950 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
|
951 # |
|
952 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
|
953 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
|
954 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
|
955 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
|
956 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
|
957 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
|
958 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
|
959 # |
|
960 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
|
961 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
|
962 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
|
963 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
|
964 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
|
965 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
|
966 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
|
967 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
|
968 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
|
969 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
|
970 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
|
971 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
|
972 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
|
973 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
|
974 # |
|
975 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
|
976 # |
|
977 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
|
978 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
|
979 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
|
980 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
|
981 # |
|
982 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
|
983 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
|
984 # EST CST WST EDT CDT |
|
985 # |
|
986 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
|
987 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
|
988 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
|
989 # |
|
990 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
|
991 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
|
992 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
|
993 # |
|
994 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
|
995 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
|
996 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
|
997 # |
|
998 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
|
999 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
|
1000 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
|
1001 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
|
1002 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
|
1003 # appear in reports of events with international implications. |
|
1004 # |
|
1005 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
|
1006 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
|
1007 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
|
1008 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
|
1009 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
|
1010 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
|
1011 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
|
1012 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
|
1013 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
|
1014 |
|
1015 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
|
1016 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
1017 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
|
1018 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
|
1019 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
|
1020 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
|
1021 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
|
1022 |
|
1023 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
|
1024 # |
|
1025 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
|
1026 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
|
1027 # relevant entries in this database. |
|
1028 # |
|
1029 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
|
1030 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
|
1031 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html |
|
1032 # ACT |
|
1033 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
|
1034 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html |
|
1035 # SA |
|
1036 # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
|
1037 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html |
|
1038 |
|
1039 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
|
1040 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
|
1041 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
|
1042 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
|
1043 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
|
1044 # |
|
1045 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
|
1046 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
|
1047 # to extend DST together in 2006. |
|
1048 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
|
1049 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
|
1050 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
|
1051 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
|
1052 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
|
1053 # allude to it. |
|
1054 # But not Queensland |
|
1055 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html |
|
1056 |
|
1057 # Northern Territory |
|
1058 |
|
1059 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1060 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
|
1061 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1062 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
|
1063 # ... |
|
1064 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
|
1065 |
|
1066 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1067 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1068 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
1069 |
|
1070 # Western Australia |
|
1071 |
|
1072 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1073 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
|
1074 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1075 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
|
1076 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
|
1077 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
|
1078 # # before reaching parliament. |
|
1079 # ... |
|
1080 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
|
1081 # ... |
|
1082 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1083 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
1084 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1085 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
1086 |
|
1087 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1088 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1089 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
1090 |
|
1091 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
|
1092 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
|
1093 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
|
1094 # work at 9.00am.) |
|
1095 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
|
1096 # everybody again. |
|
1097 |
|
1098 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1099 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
|
1100 # it matches what was used in the past. |
|
1101 |
|
1102 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
|
1103 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm |
|
1104 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
|
1105 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
|
1106 |
|
1107 # Queensland |
|
1108 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1109 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
|
1110 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1111 # ... |
|
1112 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
|
1113 # ... |
|
1114 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1115 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
|
1116 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1117 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
|
1118 |
|
1119 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
|
1120 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
|
1121 # October 1989). |
|
1122 |
|
1123 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1124 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1125 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
1126 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
1127 |
|
1128 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
1129 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
|
1130 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
|
1131 # me.) |
|
1132 |
|
1133 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
|
1134 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
|
1135 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
|
1136 # ... |
|
1137 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1138 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
1139 # ... |
|
1140 |
|
1141 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1142 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
|
1143 |
|
1144 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
|
1145 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
|
1146 # WA are trialing DST for three years. |
|
1147 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf |
|
1148 |
|
1149 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
|
1150 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
|
1151 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
|
1152 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
|
1153 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
|
1154 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
|
1155 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
|
1156 # Australia and Western Australia.... |
|
1157 # |
|
1158 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
|
1159 # This is confirmed by the section entitled |
|
1160 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
|
1161 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html |
|
1162 # |
|
1163 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
|
1164 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
|
1165 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
|
1166 # coast of the continent. |
|
1167 # |
|
1168 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
|
1169 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
|
1170 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
|
1171 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
|
1172 # the largest population centre in this zone.... |
|
1173 # |
|
1174 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
|
1175 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
|
1176 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
|
1177 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
|
1178 # |
|
1179 # (2006-12-09): |
|
1180 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
|
1181 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
|
1182 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
|
1183 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
|
1184 |
|
1185 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
|
1186 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
|
1187 # introduction of standard time in 1895. |
|
1188 |
|
1189 |
|
1190 # southeast Australia |
|
1191 # |
|
1192 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1193 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
|
1194 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
|
1195 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
|
1196 |
|
1197 |
|
1198 # South Australia |
|
1199 |
|
1200 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1201 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1202 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
1203 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
1204 |
|
1205 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1206 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
|
1207 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1208 # ... |
|
1209 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
|
1210 # ... |
|
1211 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1212 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
1213 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
|
1214 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
1215 |
|
1216 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
|
1217 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
|
1218 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
|
1219 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
|
1220 |
|
1221 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
|
1222 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
|
1223 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
|
1224 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
|
1225 # is on... |
|
1226 |
|
1227 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
|
1228 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
|
1229 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
|
1230 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
|
1231 |
|
1232 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
|
1233 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
|
1234 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
|
1235 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
|
1236 |
|
1237 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
|
1238 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
|
1239 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
|
1240 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
|
1241 |
|
1242 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1243 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1244 |
|
1245 # Tasmania |
|
1246 |
|
1247 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
1248 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1249 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
1250 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1251 |
|
1252 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
|
1253 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
|
1254 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
|
1255 # (but nothing new about that). |
|
1256 |
|
1257 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
|
1258 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
|
1259 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
|
1260 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
|
1261 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
|
1262 # instead of the first Sunday in October. |
|
1263 |
|
1264 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
|
1265 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
|
1266 |
|
1267 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1268 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1269 |
|
1270 # Victoria |
|
1271 |
|
1272 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
1273 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1274 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
1275 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1276 |
|
1277 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
|
1278 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
|
1279 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
|
1280 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
|
1281 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
|
1282 # in Melbourne, Australia. |
|
1283 # |
|
1284 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
|
1285 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
|
1286 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
|
1287 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
|
1288 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
|
1289 # expected time. |
|
1290 # |
|
1291 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
|
1292 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
|
1293 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
|
1294 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
|
1295 # |
|
1296 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
|
1297 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
|
1298 |
|
1299 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1300 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1301 |
|
1302 # New South Wales |
|
1303 |
|
1304 # From Arthur David Olson: |
|
1305 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
|
1306 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
|
1307 # who notes: |
|
1308 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
|
1309 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
|
1310 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
|
1311 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
|
1312 # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
|
1313 # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
|
1314 |
|
1315 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
|
1316 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
|
1317 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, |
|
1318 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). |
|
1319 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html |
|
1320 |
|
1321 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
|
1322 # See the following official NSW source: |
|
1323 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
|
1324 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ |
|
1325 # |
|
1326 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
|
1327 # daylight saving next year. See: |
|
1328 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
|
1329 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm |
|
1330 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
|
1331 # |
|
1332 # Victoria will following NSW. See: |
|
1333 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
|
1334 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm |
|
1335 # |
|
1336 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
|
1337 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
|
1338 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm |
|
1339 # |
|
1340 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
|
1341 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
|
1342 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm |
|
1343 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
|
1344 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
|
1345 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
|
1346 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
|
1347 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
|
1348 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
|
1349 # |
|
1350 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
|
1351 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
|
1352 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm |
|
1353 |
|
1354 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
|
1355 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
|
1356 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
|
1357 |
|
1358 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
|
1359 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
|
1360 # towns to use Queensland time. |
|
1361 |
|
1362 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1363 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1364 |
|
1365 # Yancowinna |
|
1366 |
|
1367 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
|
1368 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
|
1369 |
|
1370 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1371 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
|
1372 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1373 # ... |
|
1374 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
|
1375 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
|
1376 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
|
1377 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
|
1378 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
|
1379 # # presently available. |
|
1380 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
|
1381 # ... |
|
1382 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1383 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
|
1384 # [followed by other Rules] |
|
1385 |
|
1386 # Lord Howe Island |
|
1387 |
|
1388 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1389 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
|
1390 # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1391 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
|
1392 # hour ahead of NSW time. |
|
1393 |
|
1394 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
|
1395 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
|
1396 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
|
1397 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
|
1398 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
|
1399 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
|
1400 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents |
|
1401 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
|
1402 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
|
1403 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
|
1404 |
|
1405 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
|
1406 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
|
1407 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
|
1408 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
|
1409 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
|
1410 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
|
1411 |
|
1412 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1413 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
|
1414 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
|
1415 |
|
1416 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1417 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1418 |
|
1419 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): |
|
1420 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight |
|
1421 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 |
|
1422 # summer (southern hemisphere). |
|
1423 # |
|
1424 # From |
|
1425 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf |
|
1426 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling |
|
1427 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. |
|
1428 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each |
|
1429 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. |
|
1430 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia |
|
1431 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and |
|
1432 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... |
|
1433 # |
|
1434 # We have a wrap-up here: |
|
1435 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html |
|
1436 ############################################################################### |
|
1437 |
|
1438 # New Zealand |
|
1439 |
|
1440 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
|
1441 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
|
1442 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
|
1443 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
|
1444 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
|
1445 |
|
1446 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1447 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
|
1448 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
|
1449 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
|
1450 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1451 # ... |
|
1452 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1453 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1454 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
1455 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
|
1456 # ... |
|
1457 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
|
1458 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
|
1459 |
|
1460 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1461 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
|
1462 # rather than the October 1 value. |
|
1463 |
|
1464 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
|
1465 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
1466 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
|
1467 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
|
1468 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
|
1469 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
|
1470 # |
|
1471 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1472 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
|
1473 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. |
|
1474 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
|
1475 # |
|
1476 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
|
1477 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
|
1478 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
|
1479 |
|
1480 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
|
1481 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
|
1482 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
|
1483 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
|
1484 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
|
1485 |
|
1486 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): |
|
1487 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by |
|
1488 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). |
|
1489 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf |
|
1490 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand |
|
1491 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard |
|
1492 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New |
|
1493 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." |
|
1494 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time |
|
1495 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match |
|
1496 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did |
|
1497 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. |
|
1498 |
|
1499 ############################################################################### |
|
1500 |
|
1501 |
|
1502 # Fiji |
|
1503 |
|
1504 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
|
1505 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
|
1506 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
|
1507 |
|
1508 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
|
1509 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
|
1510 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
|
1511 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
|
1512 |
|
1513 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
|
1514 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
|
1515 |
|
1516 # From the BBC World Service in |
|
1517 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): |
|
1518 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
|
1519 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also |
|
1520 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning |
|
1521 # of the new millennium. |
|
1522 |
|
1523 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
|
1524 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
|
1525 |
|
1526 |
|
1527 # Kiribati |
|
1528 |
|
1529 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1530 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
|
1531 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" |
|
1532 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
|
1533 |
|
1534 |
|
1535 # Kwajalein |
|
1536 |
|
1537 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: |
|
1538 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, |
|
1539 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
|
1540 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
|
1541 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. |
|
1542 |
|
1543 |
|
1544 # N Mariana Is, Guam |
|
1545 |
|
1546 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
|
1547 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones |
|
1548 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
|
1549 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
|
1550 # see Asia/Manila. |
|
1551 |
|
1552 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, |
|
1553 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
|
1554 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
|
1555 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
|
1556 |
|
1557 |
|
1558 # Micronesia |
|
1559 |
|
1560 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
|
1561 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' |
|
1562 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." |
|
1563 # |
|
1564 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 |
|
1565 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
|
1566 |
|
1567 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
|
1568 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
|
1569 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) |
|
1570 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html |
|
1571 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. |
|
1572 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. |
|
1573 |
|
1574 |
|
1575 # Midway |
|
1576 |
|
1577 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
|
1578 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
|
1579 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
|
1580 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
|
1581 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
|
1582 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
|
1583 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
|
1584 # air at 6am your time. |
|
1585 # |
|
1586 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
1587 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
|
1588 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
|
1589 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
|
1590 |
|
1591 # Norfolk |
|
1592 |
|
1593 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): |
|
1594 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: |
|
1595 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text |
|
1596 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. |
|
1597 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf |
|
1598 |
|
1599 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): |
|
1600 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted |
|
1601 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's |
|
1602 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST |
|
1603 # other than in 1974/5. See: |
|
1604 # http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html |
|
1605 |
|
1606 # Pitcairn |
|
1607 |
|
1608 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
|
1609 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
|
1610 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
|
1611 # |
|
1612 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
|
1613 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
|
1614 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
|
1615 # |
|
1616 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
|
1617 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
|
1618 # somehow in light of this proclamation. |
|
1619 |
|
1620 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
|
1621 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
|
1622 # ... at midnight. |
|
1623 |
|
1624 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
|
1625 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
|
1626 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
|
1627 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
|
1628 |
|
1629 |
|
1630 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
|
1631 |
|
1632 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
|
1633 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
|
1634 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
|
1635 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
|
1636 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
|
1637 |
|
1638 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 |
|
1639 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 |
|
1640 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
|
1641 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
|
1642 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, |
|
1643 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
|
1644 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
|
1645 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
|
1646 |
|
1647 # Tonga |
|
1648 |
|
1649 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1650 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
|
1651 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
|
1652 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
|
1653 |
|
1654 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
|
1655 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': |
|
1656 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm |
|
1657 # |
|
1658 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
|
1659 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
|
1660 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
|
1661 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
|
1662 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
|
1663 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
|
1664 # |
|
1665 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
|
1666 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
|
1667 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
|
1668 # |
|
1669 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
|
1670 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
|
1671 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
|
1672 # minutes we have lost?" |
|
1673 # |
|
1674 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
|
1675 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
|
1676 # to say your prayers in the morning." |
|
1677 |
|
1678 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1679 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
|
1680 |
|
1681 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
|
1682 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium |
|
1683 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
|
1684 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
|
1685 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
|
1686 # Government. |
|
1687 |
|
1688 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
|
1689 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
|
1690 # |
|
1691 # I was given this link by John Letts: |
|
1692 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
|
1693 # |
|
1694 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
|
1695 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
|
1696 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
|
1697 # (12 + 1 hour DST). |
|
1698 |
|
1699 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
|
1700 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: |
|
1701 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
|
1702 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
|
1703 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
|
1704 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
|
1705 # set back an hour on the closing date." |
|
1706 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
|
1707 |
|
1708 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
|
1709 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
|
1710 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
|
1711 |
|
1712 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
|
1713 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
|
1714 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
|
1715 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
|
1716 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
|
1717 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
|
1718 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) |
|
1719 |
|
1720 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
|
1721 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
|
1722 |
|
1723 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
|
1724 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
|
1725 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
|
1726 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
|
1727 # hour to 1:00am. |
|
1728 |
|
1729 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): |
|
1730 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
|
1731 |
|
1732 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): |
|
1733 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 |
|
1734 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen |
|
1735 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. |
|
1736 # |
|
1737 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): |
|
1738 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 |
|
1739 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. |
|
1740 |
|
1741 # Wake |
|
1742 |
|
1743 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
|
1744 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
|
1745 # |
|
1746 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the |
|
1747 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
|
1748 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
|
1749 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
|
1750 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
|
1751 # impossible. |
|
1752 # |
|
1753 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm |
|
1754 |
|
1755 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
1756 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
|
1757 |
|
1758 ############################################################################### |
|
1759 |
|
1760 # The International Date Line |
|
1761 |
|
1762 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
|
1763 # |
|
1764 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
|
1765 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
|
1766 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
|
1767 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
|
1768 # |
|
1769 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
|
1770 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
|
1771 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
|
1772 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
|
1773 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
|
1774 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
|
1775 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
|
1776 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
|
1777 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
|
1778 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
|
1779 # correct date is ambiguous. |
|
1780 |
|
1781 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
|
1782 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
|
1783 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
|
1784 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
|
1785 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
|
1786 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
|
1787 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
|
1788 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
|
1789 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
|
1790 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
|
1791 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were |
|
1792 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
|
1793 # independent merchant ships until World War II. |
|
1794 |
|
1795 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
|
1796 # (2005-03-20): |
|
1797 # |
|
1798 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
|
1799 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 |
|
1800 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
|
1801 # international waters; it ignores the international date line. |