/*

 * Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

package com.sun.tools.jdeps;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;

import java.lang.module.ModuleFinder;

import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Deque;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.function.Consumer;

import java.util.function.Predicate;

import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

public final class Graph<T> {

    private final Set<T> nodes;

    private final Map<T, Set<T>> edges;

    public Graph(Set<T> nodes, Map<T, Set<T>> edges) {

        this.nodes = Collections.unmodifiableSet(nodes);

        this.edges = Collections.unmodifiableMap(edges);

    }

    public Set<T> nodes() {

        return nodes;

    }

    public Map<T, Set<T>> edges() {

        return edges;

    }

    public Set<T> adjacentNodes(T u) {

        return edges.get(u);

    }

    public boolean contains(T u) {

        return nodes.contains(u);

    }

    public Set<Edge<T>> edgesFrom(T u) {

        return edges.get(u).stream()

                    .map(v -> new Edge<T>(u, v))

                    .collect(Collectors.toSet());

    }

    /**

     * Returns a new Graph after transitive reduction

     */

    public Graph<T> reduce() {

        Builder<T> builder = new Builder<>();

        nodes.stream()

                .forEach(u -> {

                    builder.addNode(u);

                    edges.get(u).stream()

                         .filter(v -> !pathExists(u, v, false))

                         .forEach(v -> builder.addEdge(u, v));

                });

        return builder.build();

    }

    /**

     * Returns a new Graph after transitive reduction.  All edges in

     * the given g takes precedence over this graph.

     *

     * @throw IllegalArgumentException g must be a subgraph this graph

     */

    public Graph<T> reduce(Graph<T> g) {

        boolean subgraph = nodes.containsAll(g.nodes) &&

                g.edges.keySet().stream()

                       .allMatch(u -> adjacentNodes(u).containsAll(g.adjacentNodes(u)));

        if (!subgraph) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException(g + " is not a subgraph of " + this);

        }

        Builder<T> builder = new Builder<>();

        nodes.stream()

                .forEach(u -> {

                    builder.addNode(u);

                    // filter the edge if there exists a path from u to v in the given g

                    // or there exists another path from u to v in this graph

                    edges.get(u).stream()

                         .filter(v -> !g.pathExists(u, v) && !pathExists(u, v, false))

                         .forEach(v -> builder.addEdge(u, v));

                });

        // add the overlapped edges from this graph and the given g

        g.edges().keySet().stream()

                .forEach(u -> g.adjacentNodes(u).stream()

                                .filter(v -> isAdjacent(u, v))

                                .forEach(v -> builder.addEdge(u, v)));

    }

    /**

     * Returns nodes sorted in topological order.

     */

    public Stream<T> orderedNodes() {

        TopoSorter<T> sorter = new TopoSorter<>(this);

        return sorter.result.stream();

    }

    /**

     * Traverse this graph and performs the given action in topological order

     */

    public void ordered(Consumer<T> action) {

        TopoSorter<T> sorter = new TopoSorter<>(this);

        sorter.ordered(action);

    }

    /**

     * Traverses this graph and performs the given action in reverse topological order

     */

    public void reverse(Consumer<T> action) {

        TopoSorter<T> sorter = new TopoSorter<>(this);

        sorter.reverse(action);

    }

    /**

     * Returns a transposed graph from this graph

     */

    public Graph<T> transpose() {

        Builder<T> builder = new Builder<>();

        builder.addNodes(nodes);

        // reverse edges

        edges.keySet().forEach(u -> {

            edges.get(u).stream()

                .forEach(v -> builder.addEdge(v, u));

        });

        return builder.build();

    }

    /**

     * Returns all nodes reachable from the given set of roots.

     */

    public Set<T> dfs(Set<T> roots) {

        Deque<T> deque = new LinkedList<>(roots);

        Set<T> visited = new HashSet<>();

        while (!deque.isEmpty()) {

            T u = deque.pop();

            if (!visited.contains(u)) {

                visited.add(u);

                if (contains(u)) {

                    adjacentNodes(u).stream()

                        .filter(v -> !visited.contains(v))

                        .forEach(deque::push);

                }

            }

        }

        return visited;

    }

    private boolean isAdjacent(T u, T v) {

        return edges.containsKey(u) && edges.get(u).contains(v);

    }

    private boolean pathExists(T u, T v) {

        return pathExists(u, v, true);

    }

    /**

     * Returns true if there exists a path from u to v in this graph.

     * If includeAdjacent is false, it returns true if there exists

     * another path from u to v of distance > 1

     */

    private boolean pathExists(T u, T v, boolean includeAdjacent) {

        if (!nodes.contains(u) || !nodes.contains(v)) {

            return false;

        }

        if (includeAdjacent && isAdjacent(u, v)) {

            return true;

        }

        Deque<T> stack = new LinkedList<>();

        Set<T> visited = new HashSet<>();

        stack.push(u);

        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {

            T node = stack.pop();

            if (node.equals(v)) {

                return true;

            }

            if (!visited.contains(node)) {

                visited.add(node);

                edges.get(node).stream()

                     .filter(e -> includeAdjacent || !node.equals(u) || !e.equals(v))

                     .forEach(stack::push);

            }

        }

        assert !visited.contains(v);

        return false;

    }

    public void printGraph(PrintWriter out) {

        out.println("graph for " + nodes);

        nodes.stream()

             .forEach(u -> adjacentNodes(u).stream()

                               .forEach(v -> out.format("  %s -> %s%n", u, v)));

    }

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return nodes.toString();

    }

    static class Edge<T> {

        final T u;

        final T v;

        Edge(T u, T v) {

            this.u = u;

            this.v = v;

        }

        @Override

        public String toString() {

            return String.format("%s -> %s", u, v);

        }

        @Override

        public boolean equals(Object o) {

            if (this == o) return true;

            if (o == null || !(o instanceof Edge))

                return false;

            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

            Edge<T> edge = (Edge<T>) o;

            return u.equals(edge.u) && v.equals(edge.v);

        }

        @Override

        public int hashCode() {

            int result = u.hashCode();

            result = 31 * result + v.hashCode();

            return result;

        }

    }

    static class Builder<T> {

        final Set<T> nodes = new HashSet<>();

        final Map<T, Set<T>> edges = new HashMap<>();

        public void addNode(T node) {

            if (nodes.contains(node)) {

                return;

            }

            nodes.add(node);

            edges.computeIfAbsent(node, _e -> new HashSet<>());

        }

        public void addNodes(Set<T> nodes) {

        }

        public void addEdge(T u, T v) {

            addNode(u);

            addNode(v);

            edges.get(u).add(v);

        }

        public Graph<T> build() {

            return new Graph<T>(nodes, edges);

        }

    }

    /**

     * Topological sort

     */

    static class TopoSorter<T> {

        final Deque<T> result = new LinkedList<>();

        final Deque<T> nodes;

        final Graph<T> graph;

        TopoSorter(Graph<T> graph) {

            this.graph = graph;

            this.nodes = new LinkedList<>(graph.nodes);

            sort();

        }

        public void ordered(Consumer<T> action) {

            result.iterator().forEachRemaining(action);

        }

        public void reverse(Consumer<T> action) {

            result.descendingIterator().forEachRemaining(action);

        }

        private void sort() {

            Deque<T> visited = new LinkedList<>();

            Deque<T> done = new LinkedList<>();

            T node;

            while ((node = nodes.poll()) != null) {

                if (!visited.contains(node)) {

                    visit(node, visited, done);

                }

            }

        }

        private void visit(T node, Deque<T> visited, Deque<T> done) {

            if (visited.contains(node)) {

                if (!done.contains(node)) {

                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cyclic detected: " +

                        node + " " + graph.edges().get(node));

                }

                return;

            }

            visited.add(node);

            graph.edges().get(node).stream()

                .forEach(x -> visit(x, visited, done));

            done.add(node);

            result.addLast(node);

        }

    }

}