/*

 * Copyright 2008-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,

 * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or

 * have any questions.

 */

package java.dyn;

import sun.dyn.Access;

/**

 * programmer defined methods and fields.

 * Its behavior as a method handle is determined at instance creation time,

 * by providing the new instance with an "entry point" method handle

 * to handle calls.  This entry point must accept a leading argument

 * whose type is the Java method handle itself or a supertype, and the

 * entry point is always called with the Java method handle itself as

 * the first argument.  This is similar to ordinary virtual methods, which also

 * accept the receiver object {@code this} as an implicit leading argument.

 * The {@code MethodType} of the Java method handle is the same as that

 * of the entry point method handle, with the leading parameter type

 * omitted.

 * <p>

 * Here is an example of usage, creating a hybrid object/functional datum:

 * <p><blockquote><pre>

 * class Greeter extends JavaMethodHandle {

 *     private String greeting = "hello";

 *     public void setGreeting(String s) { greeting = s; }

 *     public void run() { System.out.println(greeting+", "+greetee); }

 *     private final String greetee;

 *     Greeter(String greetee) {

 *         super(RUN); // alternatively, super("run")

 *         this.greetee = greetee;

 *     }

 *     // the entry point function is computed once:

 *     private static final MethodHandle RUN

 *         = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(Greeter.class, "run",

 *               MethodType.make(void.class));

 * }

 * // class Main { public static void main(String... av) { ...

 * Greeter greeter = new Greeter("world");

 * greeter.run();  // prints "hello, world"

 * // Statically typed method handle invocation (most direct):

 * MethodHandle mh = greeter;

 * // Dynamically typed method handle invocation:

 * greeter.setGreeting("howdy");

 * </pre></blockquote>

 * <p>

 * In the example of {@code Greeter}, the method {@code run} provides the entry point.

 * The entry point need not be a constant value; it may be independently

 * computed in each call to the constructor.  The entry point does not

 * even need to be a method on the {@code Greeter} class, though

 * that is the typical case.

 * <p>

 * The entry point may also be provided symbolically, in which case the the

 * {@code JavaMethodHandle} constructor performs the lookup of the entry point.

 * This makes it possible to use {@code JavaMethodHandle} to create an anonymous

 * inner class:

 * <p><blockquote><pre>

 * // We can also do this with symbolic names and/or inner classes:

 *     void yow() { System.out.println("yow, world"); }

 * });

 * </pre></blockquote>

 * <p>

 * Here is similar lower-level code which works in terms of a bound method handle.

 * <p><blockquote><pre>

 *     class Greeter {

 *         public void run() { System.out.println("hello, "+greetee); }

 *         private final String greetee;

 *         Greeter(String greetee) { this.greetee = greetee; }

 *         // the entry point function is computed once:

 *         private static final MethodHandle RUN

 *             = MethodHandles.findVirtual(Greeter.class, "run",

 *                   MethodType.make(void.class));

 *     }

 *     // class Main { public static void main(String... av) { ...

 *     Greeter greeter = new Greeter("world");

 *     greeter.run();  // prints "hello, world"

 *     MethodHandle mh = MethodHanndles.insertArgument(Greeter.RUN, 0, greeter);

 * </pre></blockquote>

 * Note that the method handle must be separately created as a view on the base object.

 * This increases footprint, complexity, and dynamic indirections.

 * <p>

 * Here is a pure functional value expressed most concisely as an anonymous inner class:

 * <p><blockquote><pre>

 *     // class Main { public static void main(String... av) { ...

 *     final String greetee = "world";

 *     MethodHandle greeter = new JavaMethodHandle("run") {

 *         private void run() { System.out.println("hello, "+greetee); }

 *     }

 * </pre></blockquote>

 * <p>

 * Here is an abstract parameterized lvalue, efficiently expressed as a subtype of MethodHandle,

 * and instantiated as an anonymous class.  The data structure is a handle to 1-D array,

 * with a specialized index type (long).  It is created by inner class, and uses

 * signature-polymorphic APIs throughout.

 * <p><blockquote><pre>

 *     abstract class AssignableMethodHandle extends JavaMethodHandle {

 *       private final MethodHandle setter;

 *       public MethodHandle setter() { return setter; }

 *       public AssignableMethodHandle(String get, String set) {

 *         super(get);

 *         MethodType getType = this.type();

 *         MethodType setType = getType.insertParameterType(getType.parameterCount(), getType.returnType()).changeReturnType(void.class);

 *         this.setter = MethodHandles.publicLookup().bind(this, set, setType);

 *       }

 *     }

 *     // class Main { public static void main(String... av) { ...

 *     final Number[] stuff = { 123, 456 };

 *     AssignableMethodHandle stuffPtr = new AssignableMethodHandle("get", "set") {

 *         public Number get(long i)           { return stuff[(int)i]; }

 *         public void   set(long i, Object x) {        stuff[(int)i] = x; }

 *     }

 * </pre></blockquote>

 * @see MethodHandle

 * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG

 */

public abstract class JavaMethodHandle

        // Note: This is an implementation inheritance hack, and will be removed

        // with a JVM change which moves the required hidden behavior onto this class.

        extends sun.dyn.BoundMethodHandle

{

    private static final Access IMPL_TOKEN = Access.getToken();

    /**

     * When creating a {@code JavaMethodHandle}, the actual method handle

     * invocation behavior will be delegated to the specified {@code entryPoint}.

     * This may be any method handle which can take the newly constructed object

     * as a leading parameter.

     * <p>

     * The method handle type of {@code this} (i.e, the fully constructed object)

     * will be {@code entryPoint}, minus the leading argument.

     * The leading argument will be bound to {@code this} on every method

     * handle invocation.

     * @param entryPoint the method handle to handle calls

     */

    protected JavaMethodHandle(MethodHandle entryPoint) {

        super(entryPoint);

    }

    /**

     * Create a method handle whose entry point is a non-static method

     * visible in the exact (most specific) class of

     * the newly constructed object.

     * <p>

     * The method is specified by name and type, as if via this expression:

     * {@code MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(this.getClass(), name, type)}.

     * The class defining the method might be an anonymous inner class.

     * <p>

     * The method handle type of {@code this} (i.e, the fully constructed object)

     * will be the given method handle type.

     * A call to {@code this} will invoke the selected method.

     * The receiver argument will be bound to {@code this} on every method

     * handle invocation.

     * <p>

     * <i>Rationale:</i>

     * Although this constructor may seem to be a mere luxury,

     * it is not subsumed by the more general constructor which

     * takes any {@code MethodHandle} as the entry point argument.

     * In order to convert an entry point name to a method handle,

     * the self-class of the object is required (in order to do

     * the lookup).  The self-class, in turn, is generally not

     * available at the time of the constructor invocation,

     * due to the rules of Java and the JVM verifier.

     * One cannot call {@code this.getClass()}, because

     * the value of {@code this} is inaccessible at the point

     * of the constructor call.  (Changing this would require

     * change to the Java language, verifiers, and compilers.)

     * In particular, this constructor allows {@code JavaMethodHandle}s

     * to be created in combination with the anonymous inner class syntax.

     * @param entryPointName the name of the entry point method

     * @param type (optional) the desired type of the method handle

     */

    protected JavaMethodHandle(String entryPointName, MethodType type) {

        super(entryPointName, type, true);

    }

    /**

     * Create a method handle whose entry point is a non-static method

     * visible in the exact (most specific) class of

     * the newly constructed object.

     * <p>

     * The method is specified only by name.

     * There must be exactly one method of that name visible in the object class,

     * either inherited or locally declared.

     * (That is, the method must not be overloaded.)

     * <p>

     * The method handle type of {@code this} (i.e, the fully constructed object)

     * will be the same as the type of the selected non-static method.

     * The receiver argument will be bound to {@code this} on every method

     * handle invocation.

     * <p>ISSUE: This signature wildcarding feature does not correspond to

     * any MethodHandles.Lookup API element.  Can we eliminate it?

     * Alternatively, it is useful for naming non-overloaded methods.

     * Shall we make type arguments optional in the Lookup methods,

     * throwing an error in cases of ambiguity?

     * <p>

     * For this method's rationale, see the documentation

     * for {@link #JavaMethodHandle(String,MethodType)}.

     * @param entryPointName the name of the entry point method

     */

    protected JavaMethodHandle(String entryPointName) {

        super(entryPointName, (MethodType) null, false);

    }

}