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/*
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* Copyright (c) 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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* published by the Free Software Foundation.
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*
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* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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* accompanied this code).
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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*
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* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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* questions.
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*
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*/
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#include "precompiled.hpp"
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#include "classfile/altHashing.hpp"
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#include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
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#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
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#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1SATBCardTableModRefBS.hpp"
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#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1StringDedupTable.hpp"
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#include "memory/gcLocker.hpp"
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#include "memory/padded.inline.hpp"
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#include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"
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#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
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//
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// Freelist in the deduplication table entry cache. Links table
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// entries together using their _next fields.
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//
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class G1StringDedupEntryFreeList : public CHeapObj<mtGC> {
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private:
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G1StringDedupEntry* _list;
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size_t _length;
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public:
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G1StringDedupEntryFreeList() :
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_list(NULL),
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_length(0) {
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}
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void add(G1StringDedupEntry* entry) {
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entry->set_next(_list);
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_list = entry;
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_length++;
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}
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G1StringDedupEntry* remove() {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = _list;
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if (entry != NULL) {
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_list = entry->next();
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_length--;
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}
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return entry;
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}
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size_t length() {
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return _length;
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}
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};
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//
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// Cache of deduplication table entries. This cache provides fast allocation and
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// reuse of table entries to lower the pressure on the underlying allocator.
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// But more importantly, it provides fast/deferred freeing of table entries. This
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// is important because freeing of table entries is done during stop-the-world
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// phases and it is not uncommon for large number of entries to be freed at once.
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// Tables entries that are freed during these phases are placed onto a freelist in
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// the cache. The deduplication thread, which executes in a concurrent phase, will
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// later reuse or free the underlying memory for these entries.
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//
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// The cache allows for single-threaded allocations and multi-threaded frees.
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// Allocations are synchronized by StringDedupTable_lock as part of a table
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// modification.
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//
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class G1StringDedupEntryCache : public CHeapObj<mtGC> {
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private:
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// One freelist per GC worker to allow lock less freeing of
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// entries while doing a parallel scan of the table. Using
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// PaddedEnd to avoid false sharing.
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PaddedEnd<G1StringDedupEntryFreeList>* _lists;
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size_t _nlists;
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public:
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G1StringDedupEntryCache();
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~G1StringDedupEntryCache();
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// Get a table entry from the cache freelist, or allocate a new
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// entry if the cache is empty.
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G1StringDedupEntry* alloc();
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// Insert a table entry into the cache freelist.
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void free(G1StringDedupEntry* entry, uint worker_id);
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// Returns current number of entries in the cache.
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size_t size();
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// If the cache has grown above the given max size, trim it down
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// and deallocate the memory occupied by trimmed of entries.
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void trim(size_t max_size);
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};
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G1StringDedupEntryCache::G1StringDedupEntryCache() {
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_nlists = MAX2(ParallelGCThreads, (size_t)1);
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_lists = PaddedArray<G1StringDedupEntryFreeList, mtGC>::create_unfreeable((uint)_nlists);
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}
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G1StringDedupEntryCache::~G1StringDedupEntryCache() {
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ShouldNotReachHere();
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}
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G1StringDedupEntry* G1StringDedupEntryCache::alloc() {
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for (size_t i = 0; i < _nlists; i++) {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = _lists[i].remove();
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if (entry != NULL) {
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return entry;
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}
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}
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return new G1StringDedupEntry();
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}
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void G1StringDedupEntryCache::free(G1StringDedupEntry* entry, uint worker_id) {
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assert(entry->obj() != NULL, "Double free");
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assert(worker_id < _nlists, "Invalid worker id");
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entry->set_obj(NULL);
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entry->set_hash(0);
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_lists[worker_id].add(entry);
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}
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size_t G1StringDedupEntryCache::size() {
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size_t size = 0;
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for (size_t i = 0; i < _nlists; i++) {
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size += _lists[i].length();
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}
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return size;
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}
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void G1StringDedupEntryCache::trim(size_t max_size) {
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size_t cache_size = 0;
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for (size_t i = 0; i < _nlists; i++) {
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G1StringDedupEntryFreeList* list = &_lists[i];
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cache_size += list->length();
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while (cache_size > max_size) {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = list->remove();
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assert(entry != NULL, "Should not be null");
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cache_size--;
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delete entry;
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}
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}
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}
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G1StringDedupTable* G1StringDedupTable::_table = NULL;
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G1StringDedupEntryCache* G1StringDedupTable::_entry_cache = NULL;
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const size_t G1StringDedupTable::_min_size = (1 << 10); // 1024
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const size_t G1StringDedupTable::_max_size = (1 << 24); // 16777216
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const double G1StringDedupTable::_grow_load_factor = 2.0; // Grow table at 200% load
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const double G1StringDedupTable::_shrink_load_factor = _grow_load_factor / 3.0; // Shrink table at 67% load
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const double G1StringDedupTable::_max_cache_factor = 0.1; // Cache a maximum of 10% of the table size
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const uintx G1StringDedupTable::_rehash_multiple = 60; // Hash bucket has 60 times more collisions than expected
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const uintx G1StringDedupTable::_rehash_threshold = (uintx)(_rehash_multiple * _grow_load_factor);
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uintx G1StringDedupTable::_entries_added = 0;
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uintx G1StringDedupTable::_entries_removed = 0;
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uintx G1StringDedupTable::_resize_count = 0;
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uintx G1StringDedupTable::_rehash_count = 0;
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G1StringDedupTable::G1StringDedupTable(size_t size, jint hash_seed) :
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_size(size),
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_entries(0),
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_grow_threshold((uintx)(size * _grow_load_factor)),
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_shrink_threshold((uintx)(size * _shrink_load_factor)),
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_rehash_needed(false),
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_hash_seed(hash_seed) {
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assert(is_power_of_2(size), "Table size must be a power of 2");
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_buckets = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(G1StringDedupEntry*, _size, mtGC);
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memset(_buckets, 0, _size * sizeof(G1StringDedupEntry*));
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}
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G1StringDedupTable::~G1StringDedupTable() {
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FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(G1StringDedupEntry*, _buckets, mtGC);
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::create() {
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assert(_table == NULL, "One string deduplication table allowed");
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_entry_cache = new G1StringDedupEntryCache();
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_table = new G1StringDedupTable(_min_size);
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::add(typeArrayOop value, unsigned int hash, G1StringDedupEntry** list) {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = _entry_cache->alloc();
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entry->set_obj(value);
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entry->set_hash(hash);
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entry->set_next(*list);
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*list = entry;
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_entries++;
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::remove(G1StringDedupEntry** pentry, uint worker_id) {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = *pentry;
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*pentry = entry->next();
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_entry_cache->free(entry, worker_id);
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::transfer(G1StringDedupEntry** pentry, G1StringDedupTable* dest) {
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G1StringDedupEntry* entry = *pentry;
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*pentry = entry->next();
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unsigned int hash = entry->hash();
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size_t index = dest->hash_to_index(hash);
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G1StringDedupEntry** list = dest->bucket(index);
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entry->set_next(*list);
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*list = entry;
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}
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bool G1StringDedupTable::equals(typeArrayOop value1, typeArrayOop value2) {
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return (value1 == value2 ||
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(value1->length() == value2->length() &&
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(!memcmp(value1->base(T_CHAR),
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value2->base(T_CHAR),
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value1->length() * sizeof(jchar)))));
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}
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typeArrayOop G1StringDedupTable::lookup(typeArrayOop value, unsigned int hash,
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G1StringDedupEntry** list, uintx &count) {
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for (G1StringDedupEntry* entry = *list; entry != NULL; entry = entry->next()) {
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if (entry->hash() == hash) {
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typeArrayOop existing_value = entry->obj();
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if (equals(value, existing_value)) {
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// Match found
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return existing_value;
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}
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}
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count++;
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}
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// Not found
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return NULL;
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}
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typeArrayOop G1StringDedupTable::lookup_or_add_inner(typeArrayOop value, unsigned int hash) {
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size_t index = hash_to_index(hash);
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G1StringDedupEntry** list = bucket(index);
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uintx count = 0;
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// Lookup in list
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typeArrayOop existing_value = lookup(value, hash, list, count);
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// Check if rehash is needed
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if (count > _rehash_threshold) {
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_rehash_needed = true;
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}
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if (existing_value == NULL) {
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// Not found, add new entry
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add(value, hash, list);
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// Update statistics
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_entries_added++;
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}
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return existing_value;
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}
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unsigned int G1StringDedupTable::hash_code(typeArrayOop value) {
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unsigned int hash;
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int length = value->length();
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const jchar* data = (jchar*)value->base(T_CHAR);
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if (use_java_hash()) {
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hash = java_lang_String::hash_code(data, length);
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} else {
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hash = AltHashing::murmur3_32(_table->_hash_seed, data, length);
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}
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return hash;
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::deduplicate(oop java_string, G1StringDedupStat& stat) {
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assert(java_lang_String::is_instance(java_string), "Must be a string");
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No_Safepoint_Verifier nsv;
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stat.inc_inspected();
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typeArrayOop value = java_lang_String::value(java_string);
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if (value == NULL) {
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// String has no value
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stat.inc_skipped();
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return;
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}
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unsigned int hash = 0;
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if (use_java_hash()) {
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// Get hash code from cache
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hash = java_lang_String::hash(java_string);
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}
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if (hash == 0) {
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// Compute hash
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hash = hash_code(value);
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stat.inc_hashed();
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}
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if (use_java_hash() && hash != 0) {
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// Store hash code in cache
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java_lang_String::set_hash(java_string, hash);
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}
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typeArrayOop existing_value = lookup_or_add(value, hash);
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if (existing_value == value) {
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// Same value, already known
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stat.inc_known();
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return;
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}
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// Get size of value array
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uintx size_in_bytes = value->size() * HeapWordSize;
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stat.inc_new(size_in_bytes);
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if (existing_value != NULL) {
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// Enqueue the reference to make sure it is kept alive. Concurrent mark might
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// otherwise declare it dead if there are no other strong references to this object.
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G1SATBCardTableModRefBS::enqueue(existing_value);
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// Existing value found, deduplicate string
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java_lang_String::set_value(java_string, existing_value);
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if (G1CollectedHeap::heap()->is_in_young(value)) {
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stat.inc_deduped_young(size_in_bytes);
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} else {
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stat.inc_deduped_old(size_in_bytes);
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}
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}
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}
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G1StringDedupTable* G1StringDedupTable::prepare_resize() {
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size_t size = _table->_size;
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// Check if the hashtable needs to be resized
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if (_table->_entries > _table->_grow_threshold) {
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// Grow table, double the size
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size *= 2;
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if (size > _max_size) {
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// Too big, don't resize
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return NULL;
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}
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} else if (_table->_entries < _table->_shrink_threshold) {
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// Shrink table, half the size
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size /= 2;
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if (size < _min_size) {
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// Too small, don't resize
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return NULL;
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}
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} else if (StringDeduplicationResizeALot) {
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// Force grow
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size *= 2;
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if (size > _max_size) {
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// Too big, force shrink instead
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size /= 4;
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}
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} else {
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// Resize not needed
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return NULL;
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}
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// Update statistics
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_resize_count++;
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// Allocate the new table. The new table will be populated by workers
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// calling unlink_or_oops_do() and finally installed by finish_resize().
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return new G1StringDedupTable(size, _table->_hash_seed);
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::finish_resize(G1StringDedupTable* resized_table) {
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assert(resized_table != NULL, "Invalid table");
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resized_table->_entries = _table->_entries;
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// Free old table
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delete _table;
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// Install new table
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_table = resized_table;
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}
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void G1StringDedupTable::unlink_or_oops_do(G1StringDedupUnlinkOrOopsDoClosure* cl, uint worker_id) {
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// The table is divided into partitions to allow lock-less parallel processing by
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// multiple worker threads. A worker thread first claims a partition, which ensures
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398 |
// exclusive access to that part of the table, then continues to process it. To allow
|
|
399 |
// shrinking of the table in parallel we also need to make sure that the same worker
|
|
400 |
// thread processes all partitions where entries will hash to the same destination
|
|
401 |
// partition. Since the table size is always a power of two and we always shrink by
|
|
402 |
// dividing the table in half, we know that for a given partition there is only one
|
|
403 |
// other partition whoes entries will hash to the same destination partition. That
|
|
404 |
// other partition is always the sibling partition in the second half of the table.
|
|
405 |
// For example, if the table is divided into 8 partitions, the sibling of partition 0
|
|
406 |
// is partition 4, the sibling of partition 1 is partition 5, etc.
|
|
407 |
size_t table_half = _table->_size / 2;
|
|
408 |
|
|
409 |
// Let each partition be one page worth of buckets
|
|
410 |
size_t partition_size = MIN2(table_half, os::vm_page_size() / sizeof(G1StringDedupEntry*));
|
|
411 |
assert(table_half % partition_size == 0, "Invalid partition size");
|
|
412 |
|
|
413 |
// Number of entries removed during the scan
|
|
414 |
uintx removed = 0;
|
|
415 |
|
|
416 |
for (;;) {
|
|
417 |
// Grab next partition to scan
|
|
418 |
size_t partition_begin = cl->claim_table_partition(partition_size);
|
|
419 |
size_t partition_end = partition_begin + partition_size;
|
|
420 |
if (partition_begin >= table_half) {
|
|
421 |
// End of table
|
|
422 |
break;
|
|
423 |
}
|
|
424 |
|
|
425 |
// Scan the partition followed by the sibling partition in the second half of the table
|
|
426 |
removed += unlink_or_oops_do(cl, partition_begin, partition_end, worker_id);
|
|
427 |
removed += unlink_or_oops_do(cl, table_half + partition_begin, table_half + partition_end, worker_id);
|
|
428 |
}
|
|
429 |
|
|
430 |
// Delayed update avoid contention on the table lock
|
|
431 |
if (removed > 0) {
|
|
432 |
MutexLockerEx ml(StringDedupTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
|
|
433 |
_table->_entries -= removed;
|
|
434 |
_entries_removed += removed;
|
|
435 |
}
|
|
436 |
}
|
|
437 |
|
|
438 |
uintx G1StringDedupTable::unlink_or_oops_do(G1StringDedupUnlinkOrOopsDoClosure* cl,
|
|
439 |
size_t partition_begin,
|
|
440 |
size_t partition_end,
|
|
441 |
uint worker_id) {
|
|
442 |
uintx removed = 0;
|
|
443 |
for (size_t bucket = partition_begin; bucket < partition_end; bucket++) {
|
|
444 |
G1StringDedupEntry** entry = _table->bucket(bucket);
|
|
445 |
while (*entry != NULL) {
|
|
446 |
oop* p = (oop*)(*entry)->obj_addr();
|
|
447 |
if (cl->is_alive(*p)) {
|
|
448 |
cl->keep_alive(p);
|
|
449 |
if (cl->is_resizing()) {
|
|
450 |
// We are resizing the table, transfer entry to the new table
|
|
451 |
_table->transfer(entry, cl->resized_table());
|
|
452 |
} else {
|
|
453 |
if (cl->is_rehashing()) {
|
|
454 |
// We are rehashing the table, rehash the entry but keep it
|
|
455 |
// in the table. We can't transfer entries into the new table
|
|
456 |
// at this point since we don't have exclusive access to all
|
|
457 |
// destination partitions. finish_rehash() will do a single
|
|
458 |
// threaded transfer of all entries.
|
|
459 |
typeArrayOop value = (typeArrayOop)*p;
|
|
460 |
unsigned int hash = hash_code(value);
|
|
461 |
(*entry)->set_hash(hash);
|
|
462 |
}
|
|
463 |
|
|
464 |
// Move to next entry
|
|
465 |
entry = (*entry)->next_addr();
|
|
466 |
}
|
|
467 |
} else {
|
|
468 |
// Not alive, remove entry from table
|
|
469 |
_table->remove(entry, worker_id);
|
|
470 |
removed++;
|
|
471 |
}
|
|
472 |
}
|
|
473 |
}
|
|
474 |
|
|
475 |
return removed;
|
|
476 |
}
|
|
477 |
|
|
478 |
G1StringDedupTable* G1StringDedupTable::prepare_rehash() {
|
|
479 |
if (!_table->_rehash_needed && !StringDeduplicationRehashALot) {
|
|
480 |
// Rehash not needed
|
|
481 |
return NULL;
|
|
482 |
}
|
|
483 |
|
|
484 |
// Update statistics
|
|
485 |
_rehash_count++;
|
|
486 |
|
|
487 |
// Compute new hash seed
|
|
488 |
_table->_hash_seed = AltHashing::compute_seed();
|
|
489 |
|
|
490 |
// Allocate the new table, same size and hash seed
|
|
491 |
return new G1StringDedupTable(_table->_size, _table->_hash_seed);
|
|
492 |
}
|
|
493 |
|
|
494 |
void G1StringDedupTable::finish_rehash(G1StringDedupTable* rehashed_table) {
|
|
495 |
assert(rehashed_table != NULL, "Invalid table");
|
|
496 |
|
|
497 |
// Move all newly rehashed entries into the correct buckets in the new table
|
|
498 |
for (size_t bucket = 0; bucket < _table->_size; bucket++) {
|
|
499 |
G1StringDedupEntry** entry = _table->bucket(bucket);
|
|
500 |
while (*entry != NULL) {
|
|
501 |
_table->transfer(entry, rehashed_table);
|
|
502 |
}
|
|
503 |
}
|
|
504 |
|
|
505 |
rehashed_table->_entries = _table->_entries;
|
|
506 |
|
|
507 |
// Free old table
|
|
508 |
delete _table;
|
|
509 |
|
|
510 |
// Install new table
|
|
511 |
_table = rehashed_table;
|
|
512 |
}
|
|
513 |
|
|
514 |
void G1StringDedupTable::verify() {
|
|
515 |
for (size_t bucket = 0; bucket < _table->_size; bucket++) {
|
|
516 |
// Verify entries
|
|
517 |
G1StringDedupEntry** entry = _table->bucket(bucket);
|
|
518 |
while (*entry != NULL) {
|
|
519 |
typeArrayOop value = (*entry)->obj();
|
|
520 |
guarantee(value != NULL, "Object must not be NULL");
|
|
521 |
guarantee(Universe::heap()->is_in_reserved(value), "Object must be on the heap");
|
|
522 |
guarantee(!value->is_forwarded(), "Object must not be forwarded");
|
|
523 |
guarantee(value->is_typeArray(), "Object must be a typeArrayOop");
|
|
524 |
unsigned int hash = hash_code(value);
|
|
525 |
guarantee((*entry)->hash() == hash, "Table entry has inorrect hash");
|
|
526 |
guarantee(_table->hash_to_index(hash) == bucket, "Table entry has incorrect index");
|
|
527 |
entry = (*entry)->next_addr();
|
|
528 |
}
|
|
529 |
|
|
530 |
// Verify that we do not have entries with identical oops or identical arrays.
|
|
531 |
// We only need to compare entries in the same bucket. If the same oop or an
|
|
532 |
// identical array has been inserted more than once into different/incorrect
|
|
533 |
// buckets the verification step above will catch that.
|
|
534 |
G1StringDedupEntry** entry1 = _table->bucket(bucket);
|
|
535 |
while (*entry1 != NULL) {
|
|
536 |
typeArrayOop value1 = (*entry1)->obj();
|
|
537 |
G1StringDedupEntry** entry2 = (*entry1)->next_addr();
|
|
538 |
while (*entry2 != NULL) {
|
|
539 |
typeArrayOop value2 = (*entry2)->obj();
|
|
540 |
guarantee(!equals(value1, value2), "Table entries must not have identical arrays");
|
|
541 |
entry2 = (*entry2)->next_addr();
|
|
542 |
}
|
|
543 |
entry1 = (*entry1)->next_addr();
|
|
544 |
}
|
|
545 |
}
|
|
546 |
}
|
|
547 |
|
|
548 |
void G1StringDedupTable::trim_entry_cache() {
|
|
549 |
MutexLockerEx ml(StringDedupTable_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
|
|
550 |
size_t max_cache_size = (size_t)(_table->_size * _max_cache_factor);
|
|
551 |
_entry_cache->trim(max_cache_size);
|
|
552 |
}
|
|
553 |
|
|
554 |
void G1StringDedupTable::print_statistics(outputStream* st) {
|
|
555 |
st->print_cr(
|
|
556 |
" [Table]\n"
|
|
557 |
" [Memory Usage: "G1_STRDEDUP_BYTES_FORMAT_NS"]\n"
|
|
558 |
" [Size: "SIZE_FORMAT", Min: "SIZE_FORMAT", Max: "SIZE_FORMAT"]\n"
|
|
559 |
" [Entries: "UINTX_FORMAT", Load: "G1_STRDEDUP_PERCENT_FORMAT_NS", Cached: " UINTX_FORMAT ", Added: "UINTX_FORMAT", Removed: "UINTX_FORMAT"]\n"
|
|
560 |
" [Resize Count: "UINTX_FORMAT", Shrink Threshold: "UINTX_FORMAT"("G1_STRDEDUP_PERCENT_FORMAT_NS"), Grow Threshold: "UINTX_FORMAT"("G1_STRDEDUP_PERCENT_FORMAT_NS")]\n"
|
|
561 |
" [Rehash Count: "UINTX_FORMAT", Rehash Threshold: "UINTX_FORMAT", Hash Seed: 0x%x]\n"
|
|
562 |
" [Age Threshold: "UINTX_FORMAT"]",
|
|
563 |
G1_STRDEDUP_BYTES_PARAM(_table->_size * sizeof(G1StringDedupEntry*) + (_table->_entries + _entry_cache->size()) * sizeof(G1StringDedupEntry)),
|
|
564 |
_table->_size, _min_size, _max_size,
|
|
565 |
_table->_entries, (double)_table->_entries / (double)_table->_size * 100.0, _entry_cache->size(), _entries_added, _entries_removed,
|
|
566 |
_resize_count, _table->_shrink_threshold, _shrink_load_factor * 100.0, _table->_grow_threshold, _grow_load_factor * 100.0,
|
|
567 |
_rehash_count, _rehash_threshold, _table->_hash_seed,
|
|
568 |
StringDeduplicationAgeThreshold);
|
|
569 |
}
|