/*

 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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package sun.security.x509;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.io.Reader;

import java.security.AccessController;

import java.text.Normalizer;

import java.util.*;

import sun.security.action.GetBooleanAction;

import sun.security.util.*;

import sun.security.pkcs.PKCS9Attribute;

/**

 * X.500 Attribute-Value-Assertion (AVA):  an attribute, as identified by

 * some attribute ID, has some particular value.  Values are as a rule ASN.1

 * printable strings.  A conventional set of type IDs is recognized when

 * parsing (and generating) RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 syntax strings.

 *

 * <P>AVAs are components of X.500 relative names.  Think of them as being

 * individual fields of a database record.  The attribute ID is how you

 * identify the field, and the value is part of a particular record.

 * <p>

 * Note that instances of this class are immutable.

 *

 * @see X500Name

 * @see RDN

 *

 *

 * @author David Brownell

 * @author Amit Kapoor

 * @author Hemma Prafullchandra

 */

public class AVA implements DerEncoder {

    private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("x509", "\t[AVA]");

    // See CR 6391482: if enabled this flag preserves the old but incorrect

    // PrintableString encoding for DomainComponent. It may need to be set to

    // avoid breaking preexisting certificates generated with sun.security APIs.

    private static final boolean PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING =

        AccessController.doPrivileged(new GetBooleanAction

            ("com.sun.security.preserveOldDCEncoding"));

    /**

     * DEFAULT format allows both RFC1779 and RFC2253 syntax and

     * additional keywords.

     */

    /**

     * RFC1779 specifies format according to RFC1779.

     */

    /**

     * RFC2253 specifies format according to RFC2253.

     */

    // currently not private, accessed directly from RDN

    final ObjectIdentifier oid;

    final DerValue value;

    /*

     * If the value has any of these characters in it, it must be quoted.

     * Backslash and quote characters must also be individually escaped.

     * Leading and trailing spaces, also multiple internal spaces, also

     * call for quoting the whole string.

     */

    private static final String specialChars1779 = ",=\n+<>#;\\\"";

    /*

     * In RFC2253, if the value has any of these characters in it, it

     * must be quoted by a preceding \.

     */

    private static final String specialChars2253 = ",=+<>#;\\\"";

    /*

     * includes special chars from RFC1779 and RFC2253, as well as ' ' from

     * RFC 4514.

     */

    private static final String specialCharsDefault = ",=\n+<>#;\\\" ";

    private static final String escapedDefault = ",+<>;\"";

    /*

     * Values that aren't printable strings are emitted as BER-encoded

     * hex data.

     */

    private static final String hexDigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";

    public AVA(ObjectIdentifier type, DerValue val) {

        if ((type == null) || (val == null)) {

            throw new NullPointerException();

        }

        oid = type;

        value = val;

    }

    /**

     * Parse an RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 style AVA string:  CN=fee fie foe fum

     * or perhaps with quotes.  Not all defined AVA tags are supported;

     * of current note are X.400 related ones (PRMD, ADMD, etc).

     *

     * This terminates at unescaped AVA separators ("+") or RDN

     * separators (",", ";"), and removes cosmetic whitespace at the end of

     * values.

     */

    AVA(Reader in) throws IOException {

        this(in, DEFAULT);

    }

    /**

     * Parse an RFC 1779, 2253 or 4514 style AVA string:  CN=fee fie foe fum

     * or perhaps with quotes. Additional keywords can be specified in the

     * keyword/OID map.

     *

     * This terminates at unescaped AVA separators ("+") or RDN

     * separators (",", ";"), and removes cosmetic whitespace at the end of

     * values.

     */

    AVA(Reader in, Map<String, String> keywordMap) throws IOException {

        this(in, DEFAULT, keywordMap);

    }

    /**

     * Parse an AVA string formatted according to format.

     */

    AVA(Reader in, int format) throws IOException {

        this(in, format, Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());

    }

    /**

     * Parse an AVA string formatted according to format.

     *

     * @param in Reader containing AVA String

     * @param format parsing format

     * @param keywordMap a Map where a keyword String maps to a corresponding

     *   OID String. Each AVA keyword will be mapped to the corresponding OID.

     *   If an entry does not exist, it will fallback to the builtin

     *   keyword/OID mapping.

     * @throws IOException if the AVA String is not valid in the specified

     *   format or an OID String from the keywordMap is improperly formatted

     */

    AVA(Reader in, int format, Map<String, String> keywordMap)

        throws IOException {

        // assume format is one of DEFAULT or RFC2253

        StringBuilder   temp = new StringBuilder();

        int             c;

        /*

         * First get the keyword indicating the attribute's type,

         * and map it to the appropriate OID.

         */

        while (true) {

            c = readChar(in, "Incorrect AVA format");

            if (c == '=') {

                break;

            }

            temp.append((char)c);

        }

        oid = AVAKeyword.getOID(temp.toString(), format, keywordMap);

        /*

         * Now parse the value.  "#hex", a quoted string, or a string

         * terminated by "+", ",", ";".  Whitespace before or after

         * the value is stripped away unless format is RFC2253.

         */

        temp.setLength(0);

        if (format == RFC2253) {

            // read next character

            c = in.read();

            if (c == ' ') {

                throw new IOException("Incorrect AVA RFC2253 format - " +

                                      "leading space must be escaped");

            }

        } else {

            // read next character skipping whitespace

            do {

                c = in.read();

            } while ((c == ' ') || (c == '\n'));

        }

        if (c == -1) {

            // empty value

            value = new DerValue("");

            return;

        }

        if (c == '#') {

            value = parseHexString(in, format);

        } else if ((c == '"') && (format != RFC2253)) {

            value = parseQuotedString(in, temp);

        } else {

            value = parseString(in, c, format, temp);

        }

    }

    /**

     * Get the ObjectIdentifier of this AVA.

     */

    public ObjectIdentifier getObjectIdentifier() {

        return oid;

    }

    /**

     * Get the value of this AVA as a DerValue.

     */

    public DerValue getDerValue() {

        return value;

    }

    /**

     * Get the value of this AVA as a String.

     *

     * @exception RuntimeException if we could not obtain the string form

     *    (should not occur)

     */

    public String getValueString() {

        try {

            String s = value.getAsString();

            if (s == null) {

                throw new RuntimeException("AVA string is null");

            }

            return s;

        } catch (IOException e) {

            // should not occur

            throw new RuntimeException("AVA error: " + e, e);

        }

    }

    private static DerValue parseHexString

        (Reader in, int format) throws IOException {

        int c;

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

        byte b = 0;

        int cNdx = 0;

        while (true) {

            c = in.read();

            if (isTerminator(c, format)) {

                break;

            }

            int cVal = hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c));

            if (cVal == -1) {

                throw new IOException("AVA parse, invalid hex " +

                                              "digit: "+ (char)c);

            }

            if ((cNdx % 2) == 1) {

                b = (byte)((b * 16) + (byte)(cVal));

                baos.write(b);

            } else {

                b = (byte)(cVal);

            }

            cNdx++;

        }

        // throw exception if no hex digits

        if (cNdx == 0) {

            throw new IOException("AVA parse, zero hex digits");

        }

        // throw exception if odd number of hex digits

        if (cNdx % 2 == 1) {

            throw new IOException("AVA parse, odd number of hex digits");

        }

        return new DerValue(baos.toByteArray());

    }

    private DerValue parseQuotedString

        (Reader in, StringBuilder temp) throws IOException {

        // RFC1779 specifies that an entire RDN may be enclosed in double

        // quotes. In this case the syntax is any sequence of

        // backslash-specialChar, backslash-backslash,

        // backslash-doublequote, or character other than backslash or

        // doublequote.

        int c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");

        List<Byte> embeddedHex = new ArrayList<>();

        boolean isPrintableString = true;

        while (c != '"') {

            if (c == '\\') {

                c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");

                // check for embedded hex pairs

                Byte hexByte = null;

                if ((hexByte = getEmbeddedHexPair(c, in)) != null) {

                    // always encode AVAs with embedded hex as UTF8

                    isPrintableString = false;

                    // append consecutive embedded hex

                    // as single string later

                    embeddedHex.add(hexByte);

                    c = in.read();

                    continue;

                }

                if (specialChars1779.indexOf((char)c) < 0) {

                    throw new IOException

                        ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: " +

                        (char)c);

                }

            }

            // add embedded hex bytes before next char

            if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {

                String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);

                temp.append(hexString);

                embeddedHex.clear();

            }

            // check for non-PrintableString chars

            isPrintableString &= DerValue.isPrintableStringChar((char)c);

            temp.append((char)c);

            c = readChar(in, "Quoted string did not end in quote");

        }

        // add trailing embedded hex bytes

        if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {

            String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);

            temp.append(hexString);

            embeddedHex.clear();

        }

        do {

            c = in.read();

        } while ((c == '\n') || (c == ' '));

        if (c != -1) {

            throw new IOException("AVA had characters other than "

                    + "whitespace after terminating quote");

        }

        // encode as PrintableString unless value contains

        // non-PrintableString chars

        if (this.oid.equals(PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID) ||

            (this.oid.equals(X500Name.DOMAIN_COMPONENT_OID) &&

                PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING == false)) {

            // EmailAddress and DomainComponent must be IA5String

            return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_IA5String,

                                        temp.toString().trim());

        } else if (isPrintableString) {

            return new DerValue(temp.toString().trim());

        } else {

            return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_UTF8String,

                                        temp.toString().trim());

        }

    }

    private DerValue parseString

        (Reader in, int c, int format, StringBuilder temp) throws IOException {

        List<Byte> embeddedHex = new ArrayList<>();

        boolean isPrintableString = true;

        boolean escape = false;

        boolean leadingChar = true;

        int spaceCount = 0;

        do {

            escape = false;

            if (c == '\\') {

                escape = true;

                c = readChar(in, "Invalid trailing backslash");

                // check for embedded hex pairs

                Byte hexByte = null;

                if ((hexByte = getEmbeddedHexPair(c, in)) != null) {

                    // always encode AVAs with embedded hex as UTF8

                    isPrintableString = false;

                    // append consecutive embedded hex

                    // as single string later

                    embeddedHex.add(hexByte);

                    c = in.read();

                    leadingChar = false;

                    continue;

                }

                // check if character was improperly escaped

                if (format == DEFAULT &&

                       specialCharsDefault.indexOf((char)c) == -1) {

                    throw new IOException

                        ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: '" +

                        (char)c + "'");

                } else if (format == RFC2253) {

                    if (c == ' ') {

                        // only leading/trailing space can be escaped

                        if (!leadingChar && !trailingSpace(in)) {

                            throw new IOException

                                    ("Invalid escaped space character " +

                                    "in AVA.  Only a leading or trailing " +

                                    "space character can be escaped.");

                        }

                    } else if (c == '#') {

                        // only leading '#' can be escaped

                        if (!leadingChar) {

                            throw new IOException

                                ("Invalid escaped '#' character in AVA.  " +

                                "Only a leading '#' can be escaped.");

                        }

                    } else if (specialChars2253.indexOf((char)c) == -1) {

                        throw new IOException

                                ("Invalid escaped character in AVA: '" +

                                (char)c + "'");

                    }

                }

            } else {

                // check if character should have been escaped

                if (format == RFC2253) {

                    if (specialChars2253.indexOf((char)c) != -1) {

                        throw new IOException

                                ("Character '" + (char)c +

                                 "' in AVA appears without escape");

                    }

                } else if (escapedDefault.indexOf((char)c) != -1) {

                    throw new IOException

                            ("Character '" + (char)c +

                            "' in AVA appears without escape");

                }

            }

            // add embedded hex bytes before next char

            if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {

                // add space(s) before embedded hex bytes

                for (int i = 0; i < spaceCount; i++) {

                    temp.append(' ');

                }

                spaceCount = 0;

                String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);

                temp.append(hexString);

                embeddedHex.clear();

            }

            // check for non-PrintableString chars

            isPrintableString &= DerValue.isPrintableStringChar((char)c);

            if (c == ' ' && escape == false) {

                // do not add non-escaped spaces yet

                // (non-escaped trailing spaces are ignored)

                spaceCount++;

            } else {

                // add space(s)

                for (int i = 0; i < spaceCount; i++) {

                    temp.append(' ');

                }

                spaceCount = 0;

                temp.append((char)c);

            }

            c = in.read();

            leadingChar = false;

        } while (isTerminator(c, format) == false);

        if (format == RFC2253 && spaceCount > 0) {

            throw new IOException("Incorrect AVA RFC2253 format - " +

                                        "trailing space must be escaped");

        }

        // add trailing embedded hex bytes

        if (embeddedHex.size() > 0) {

            String hexString = getEmbeddedHexString(embeddedHex);

            temp.append(hexString);

            embeddedHex.clear();

        }

        // encode as PrintableString unless value contains

        // non-PrintableString chars

        if (this.oid.equals(PKCS9Attribute.EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID) ||

            (this.oid.equals(X500Name.DOMAIN_COMPONENT_OID) &&

                PRESERVE_OLD_DC_ENCODING == false)) {

            // EmailAddress and DomainComponent must be IA5String

            return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_IA5String, temp.toString());

        } else if (isPrintableString) {

            return new DerValue(temp.toString());

        } else {

            return new DerValue(DerValue.tag_UTF8String, temp.toString());

        }

    }

    private static Byte getEmbeddedHexPair(int c1, Reader in)

        throws IOException {

        if (hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c1)) >= 0) {

            int c2 = readChar(in, "unexpected EOF - " +

                        "escaped hex value must include two valid digits");

            if (hexDigits.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase((char)c2)) >= 0) {

                int hi = Character.digit((char)c1, 16);

                int lo = Character.digit((char)c2, 16);

                return (byte)((hi<<4) + lo);

            } else {