/*

 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

package java.lang.invoke;

import sun.invoke.empty.Empty;

import sun.misc.Unsafe;

import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup.IMPL_LOOKUP;

/**

 * A {@code CallSite} is a holder for a variable {@link MethodHandle},

 * which is called its {@code target}.

 * An {@code invokedynamic} instruction linked to a {@code CallSite} delegates

 * all calls to the site's current target.

 * A {@code CallSite} may be associated with several {@code invokedynamic}

 * instructions, or it may be "free floating", associated with none.

 * In any case, it may be invoked through an associated method handle

 * called its {@linkplain #dynamicInvoker dynamic invoker}.

 * <p>

 * {@code CallSite} is an abstract class which does not allow

 * direct subclassing by users.  It has three immediate,

 * concrete subclasses that may be either instantiated or subclassed.

 * <ul>

 * <li>If a mutable target is not required, an {@code invokedynamic} instruction

 * may be permanently bound by means of a {@linkplain ConstantCallSite constant call site}.

 * <li>If a mutable target is required which has volatile variable semantics,

 * because updates to the target must be immediately and reliably witnessed by other threads,

 * a {@linkplain VolatileCallSite volatile call site} may be used.

 * <li>Otherwise, if a mutable target is required,

 * a {@linkplain MutableCallSite mutable call site} may be used.

 * </ul>

 * <p>

 * A non-constant call site may be <em>relinked</em> by changing its target.

 * The new target must have the same {@linkplain MethodHandle#type() type}

 * as the previous target.

 * Thus, though a call site can be relinked to a series of

 * successive targets, it cannot change its type.

 * <p>

 * Here is a sample use of call sites and bootstrap methods which links every

 * dynamic call site to print its arguments:

<blockquote><pre><!-- see indy-demo/src/PrintArgsDemo.java -->

static void test() throws Throwable {

    // THE FOLLOWING LINE IS PSEUDOCODE FOR A JVM INSTRUCTION

    InvokeDynamic[#bootstrapDynamic].baz("baz arg", 2, 3.14);

}

private static void printArgs(Object... args) {

  System.out.println(java.util.Arrays.deepToString(args));

}

private static final MethodHandle printArgs;

static {

  MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();

  Class thisClass = lookup.lookupClass();  // (who am I?)

  printArgs = lookup.findStatic(thisClass,

      "printArgs", MethodType.methodType(void.class, Object[].class));

}

private static CallSite bootstrapDynamic(MethodHandles.Lookup caller, String name, MethodType type) {

  // ignore caller and name, but match the type:

  return new ConstantCallSite(printArgs.asType(type));

}

</pre></blockquote>

 * @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG

 */

abstract

public class CallSite {

    static { MethodHandleImpl.initStatics(); }

    // Fields used only by the JVM.  Do not use or change.

    private MemberName vmmethod; // supplied by the JVM (ref. to calling method)

    private int        vmindex;  // supplied by the JVM (BCI within calling method)

    // The actual payload of this call site:

    /*package-private*/

    MethodHandle target;

    /**

     * Make a blank call site object with the given method type.

     * An initial target method is supplied which will throw

     * an {@link IllegalStateException} if called.

     * <p>

     * Before this {@code CallSite} object is returned from a bootstrap method,

     * it is usually provided with a more useful target method,

     * via a call to {@link CallSite#setTarget(MethodHandle) setTarget}.

     * @throws NullPointerException if the proposed type is null

     */

    /*package-private*/

    CallSite(MethodType type) {

        target = type.invokers().uninitializedCallSite();

    }

    /**

     * Make a call site object equipped with an initial target method handle.

     * @param target the method handle which will be the initial target of the call site

     * @throws NullPointerException if the proposed target is null

     */

    /*package-private*/

    CallSite(MethodHandle target) {

        target.type();  // null check

        this.target = target;

    }

    /**

     * Make a call site object equipped with an initial target method handle.

     * @param targetType the desired type of the call site

     * @param createTargetHook a hook which will bind the call site to the target method handle

     * @throws WrongMethodTypeException if the hook cannot be invoked on the required arguments,

     *         or if the target returned by the hook is not of the given {@code targetType}

     * @throws NullPointerException if the hook returns a null value

     * @throws ClassCastException if the hook returns something other than a {@code MethodHandle}

     * @throws Throwable anything else thrown by the the hook function

     */

    /*package-private*/

    CallSite(MethodType targetType, MethodHandle createTargetHook) throws Throwable {

        this(targetType);

        ConstantCallSite selfCCS = (ConstantCallSite) this;

        MethodHandle boundTarget = (MethodHandle) createTargetHook.invokeWithArguments(selfCCS);

        checkTargetChange(this.target, boundTarget);

        this.target = boundTarget;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the type of this call site's target.

     * Although targets may change, any call site's type is permanent, and can never change to an unequal type.

     * The {@code setTarget} method enforces this invariant by refusing any new target that does

     * not have the previous target's type.

     * @return the type of the current target, which is also the type of any future target

     */

    public MethodType type() {

        // warning:  do not call getTarget here, because CCS.getTarget can throw IllegalStateException

        return target.type();

    }

    /** Called from JVM (or low-level Java code) after the BSM returns the newly created CallSite.

     *  The parameters are JVM-specific.

     */

    void initializeFromJVM(String name,

                           MethodType type,

                           MemberName callerMethod,

                           int        callerBCI) {

        if (this.vmmethod != null) {

            // FIXME

            throw new BootstrapMethodError("call site has already been linked to an invokedynamic instruction");

        }

        if (!this.type().equals(type)) {

            throw wrongTargetType(target, type);

        }

        this.vmindex  = callerBCI;

        this.vmmethod = callerMethod;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the target method of the call site, according to the

     * behavior defined by this call site's specific class.

     * The immediate subclasses of {@code CallSite} document the

     * class-specific behaviors of this method.

     *

     * @return the current linkage state of the call site, its target method handle

     * @see ConstantCallSite

     * @see VolatileCallSite

     * @see #setTarget

     * @see ConstantCallSite#getTarget

     * @see MutableCallSite#getTarget

     * @see VolatileCallSite#getTarget

     */

    public abstract MethodHandle getTarget();

    /**

     * Updates the target method of this call site, according to the

     * behavior defined by this call site's specific class.

     * The immediate subclasses of {@code CallSite} document the

     * class-specific behaviors of this method.

     * <p>

     * The type of the new target must be {@linkplain MethodType#equals equal to}

     * the type of the old target.

     *

     * @param newTarget the new target

     * @throws NullPointerException if the proposed new target is null

     * @throws WrongMethodTypeException if the proposed new target

     *         has a method type that differs from the previous target

     * @see CallSite#getTarget

     * @see ConstantCallSite#setTarget

     * @see MutableCallSite#setTarget

     * @see VolatileCallSite#setTarget

     */

    public abstract void setTarget(MethodHandle newTarget);

    void checkTargetChange(MethodHandle oldTarget, MethodHandle newTarget) {

        MethodType oldType = oldTarget.type();

        MethodType newType = newTarget.type();  // null check!

        if (!newType.equals(oldType))

            throw wrongTargetType(newTarget, oldType);

    }

    private static WrongMethodTypeException wrongTargetType(MethodHandle target, MethodType type) {

        return new WrongMethodTypeException(String.valueOf(target)+" should be of type "+type);

    }

    /**

     * Produces a method handle equivalent to an invokedynamic instruction

     * which has been linked to this call site.

     * <p>

     * This method is equivalent to the following code:

     * <blockquote><pre>

     * MethodHandle getTarget, invoker, result;

     * getTarget = MethodHandles.publicLookup().bind(this, "getTarget", MethodType.methodType(MethodHandle.class));

     * invoker = MethodHandles.exactInvoker(this.type());

     * result = MethodHandles.foldArguments(invoker, getTarget)

     * </pre></blockquote>

     *

     * @return a method handle which always invokes this call site's current target

     */

    public abstract MethodHandle dynamicInvoker();

    /*non-public*/ MethodHandle makeDynamicInvoker() {

        MethodHandle getTarget = MethodHandleImpl.bindReceiver(GET_TARGET, this);

        MethodHandle invoker = MethodHandles.exactInvoker(this.type());

        return MethodHandles.foldArguments(invoker, getTarget);

    }

    private static final MethodHandle GET_TARGET;

    static {

        try {

            GET_TARGET = IMPL_LOOKUP.

                findVirtual(CallSite.class, "getTarget", MethodType.methodType(MethodHandle.class));

        }

    }

    /** This guy is rolled into the default target if a MethodType is supplied to the constructor. */

    /*package-private*/

    static Empty uninitializedCallSite() {

        throw new IllegalStateException("uninitialized call site");

    }

    // unsafe stuff:

    private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();

    private static final long TARGET_OFFSET;

    static {

        try {

            TARGET_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(CallSite.class.getDeclaredField("target"));

        } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Error(ex); }

    }

    /*package-private*/

    void setTargetNormal(MethodHandle newTarget) {

        target = newTarget;

    }

    /*package-private*/

    MethodHandle getTargetVolatile() {

        return (MethodHandle) unsafe.getObjectVolatile(this, TARGET_OFFSET);

    }

    /*package-private*/

    void setTargetVolatile(MethodHandle newTarget) {

        unsafe.putObjectVolatile(this, TARGET_OFFSET, newTarget);

    }

    // this implements the upcall from the JVM, MethodHandleNatives.makeDynamicCallSite:

    static CallSite makeSite(MethodHandle bootstrapMethod,

                             // Callee information:

                             String name, MethodType type,

                             // Extra arguments for BSM, if any:

                             Object info,

                             // Caller information:

                             MemberName callerMethod, int callerBCI) {

        Class<?> callerClass = callerMethod.getDeclaringClass();

        Object caller = IMPL_LOOKUP.in(callerClass);

        CallSite site;

        try {

            Object binding;

            info = maybeReBox(info);

            if (info == null) {

                binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type);

            } else if (!info.getClass().isArray()) {

                binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type, info);

            } else {

                Object[] argv = (Object[]) info;

                maybeReBoxElements(argv);

                if (3 + argv.length > 255)

                    throw new BootstrapMethodError("too many bootstrap method arguments");

                MethodType bsmType = bootstrapMethod.type();

                if (bsmType.parameterCount() == 4 && bsmType.parameterType(3) == Object[].class)

                    binding = bootstrapMethod.invoke(caller, name, type, argv);

                else

                    binding = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(bsmType, 3)

                        .invoke(bootstrapMethod, caller, name, type, argv);

            }

            //System.out.println("BSM for "+name+type+" => "+binding);

            if (binding instanceof CallSite) {

                site = (CallSite) binding;

            }  else {

                throw new ClassCastException("bootstrap method failed to produce a CallSite");

            }

            if (!site.getTarget().type().equals(type))

                throw new WrongMethodTypeException("wrong type: "+site.getTarget());

        } catch (Throwable ex) {

            BootstrapMethodError bex;

            if (ex instanceof BootstrapMethodError)

                bex = (BootstrapMethodError) ex;

            else

                bex = new BootstrapMethodError("call site initialization exception", ex);

            throw bex;

        }

        return site;

    }

    private static Object maybeReBox(Object x) {

        if (x instanceof Integer) {

            int xi = (int) x;

            if (xi == (byte) xi)

                x = xi;  // must rebox; see JLS 5.1.7

        }

        return x;

    }

    private static void maybeReBoxElements(Object[] xa) {

        for (int i = 0; i < xa.length; i++) {

            xa[i] = maybeReBox(xa[i]);

        }

    }

}