/*

 * Copyright (c) 2011, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

 * questions.

 *

 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"

#include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"

#include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.hpp"

#include "gc/shared/collectorPolicy.hpp"

#include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"

#include "logging/log.hpp"

#include "logging/logStream.hpp"

#include "memory/allocation.hpp"

#include "memory/binaryTreeDictionary.hpp"

#include "memory/filemap.hpp"

#include "memory/freeList.hpp"

#include "memory/metachunk.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspace.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspaceGCThresholdUpdater.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"

#include "memory/metaspaceTracer.hpp"

#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"

#include "memory/universe.hpp"

#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"

#include "runtime/globals.hpp"

#include "runtime/init.hpp"

#include "runtime/java.hpp"

#include "runtime/mutex.hpp"

#include "runtime/orderAccess.inline.hpp"

#include "services/memTracker.hpp"

#include "services/memoryService.hpp"

#include "utilities/align.hpp"

#include "utilities/copy.hpp"

#include "utilities/debug.hpp"

#include "utilities/macros.hpp"

typedef BinaryTreeDictionary<Metablock, FreeList<Metablock> > BlockTreeDictionary;

typedef BinaryTreeDictionary<Metachunk, FreeList<Metachunk> > ChunkTreeDictionary;

// Set this constant to enable slow integrity checking of the free chunk lists

const bool metaspace_slow_verify = false;

size_t const allocation_from_dictionary_limit = 4 * K;

MetaWord* last_allocated = 0;

size_t Metaspace::_compressed_class_space_size;

const MetaspaceTracer* Metaspace::_tracer = NULL;

DEBUG_ONLY(bool Metaspace::_frozen = false;)

// Used in declarations in SpaceManager and ChunkManager

enum ChunkIndex {

  ZeroIndex = 0,

  SpecializedIndex = ZeroIndex,

  SmallIndex = SpecializedIndex + 1,

  MediumIndex = SmallIndex + 1,

  HumongousIndex = MediumIndex + 1,

  NumberOfFreeLists = 3,

  NumberOfInUseLists = 4

};

// Helper, returns a descriptive name for the given index.

static const char* chunk_size_name(ChunkIndex index) {

  switch (index) {

    case SpecializedIndex:

      return "specialized";

    case SmallIndex:

      return "small";

    case MediumIndex:

      return "medium";

    case HumongousIndex:

      return "humongous";

    default:

      return "Invalid index";

  }

}

enum ChunkSizes {    // in words.

  ClassSpecializedChunk = 128,

  SpecializedChunk = 128,

  ClassSmallChunk = 256,

  SmallChunk = 512,

  ClassMediumChunk = 4 * K,

  MediumChunk = 8 * K

};

static ChunkIndex next_chunk_index(ChunkIndex i) {

  assert(i < NumberOfInUseLists, "Out of bound");

  return (ChunkIndex) (i+1);

}

volatile intptr_t MetaspaceGC::_capacity_until_GC = 0;

uint MetaspaceGC::_shrink_factor = 0;

bool MetaspaceGC::_should_concurrent_collect = false;

typedef class FreeList<Metachunk> ChunkList;

// Manages the global free lists of chunks.

class ChunkManager : public CHeapObj<mtInternal> {

  friend class TestVirtualSpaceNodeTest;

  // Free list of chunks of different sizes.

  //   SpecializedChunk

  //   SmallChunk

  //   MediumChunk

  ChunkList _free_chunks[NumberOfFreeLists];

  // Return non-humongous chunk list by its index.

  ChunkList* free_chunks(ChunkIndex index);

  // Returns non-humongous chunk list for the given chunk word size.

  ChunkList* find_free_chunks_list(size_t word_size);

  //   HumongousChunk

  ChunkTreeDictionary _humongous_dictionary;

  // Returns the humongous chunk dictionary.

  ChunkTreeDictionary* humongous_dictionary() {

    return &_humongous_dictionary;

  }

  // Size, in metaspace words, of all chunks managed by this ChunkManager

  size_t _free_chunks_total;

  // Number of chunks in this ChunkManager

  size_t _free_chunks_count;

  // Update counters after a chunk was added or removed removed.

  void account_for_added_chunk(const Metachunk* c);

  void account_for_removed_chunk(const Metachunk* c);

  // Debug support

  size_t sum_free_chunks();

  size_t sum_free_chunks_count();

  void locked_verify_free_chunks_total();

  void slow_locked_verify_free_chunks_total() {

    if (metaspace_slow_verify) {

      locked_verify_free_chunks_total();

    }

  }

  void locked_verify_free_chunks_count();

  void slow_locked_verify_free_chunks_count() {

    if (metaspace_slow_verify) {

      locked_verify_free_chunks_count();

    }

  }

  void verify_free_chunks_count();

  struct ChunkManagerStatistics {

    size_t num_by_type[NumberOfFreeLists];

    size_t single_size_by_type[NumberOfFreeLists];

    size_t total_size_by_type[NumberOfFreeLists];

    size_t num_humongous_chunks;

    size_t total_size_humongous_chunks;

  };

  void locked_get_statistics(ChunkManagerStatistics* stat) const;

  void get_statistics(ChunkManagerStatistics* stat) const;

  static void print_statistics(const ChunkManagerStatistics* stat, outputStream* out);

 public:

  ChunkManager(size_t specialized_size, size_t small_size, size_t medium_size)

      : _free_chunks_total(0), _free_chunks_count(0) {

    _free_chunks[SpecializedIndex].set_size(specialized_size);

    _free_chunks[SmallIndex].set_size(small_size);

    _free_chunks[MediumIndex].set_size(medium_size);

  }

  // add or delete (return) a chunk to the global freelist.

  Metachunk* chunk_freelist_allocate(size_t word_size);

  // Map a size to a list index assuming that there are lists

  // for special, small, medium, and humongous chunks.

  ChunkIndex list_index(size_t size);

  // Map a given index to the chunk size.

  size_t size_by_index(ChunkIndex index) const;

  // Take a chunk from the ChunkManager. The chunk is expected to be in

  // the chunk manager (the freelist if non-humongous, the dictionary if

  // humongous).

  void remove_chunk(Metachunk* chunk);

  // Return a single chunk of type index to the ChunkManager.

  void return_single_chunk(ChunkIndex index, Metachunk* chunk);

  // Add the simple linked list of chunks to the freelist of chunks

  // of type index.

  void return_chunk_list(ChunkIndex index, Metachunk* chunk);

  // Total of the space in the free chunks list

  size_t free_chunks_total_words();

  size_t free_chunks_total_bytes();

  // Number of chunks in the free chunks list

  size_t free_chunks_count();

  // Remove from a list by size.  Selects list based on size of chunk.

  Metachunk* free_chunks_get(size_t chunk_word_size);

#define index_bounds_check(index)                                         \

  assert(index == SpecializedIndex ||                                     \

         index == SmallIndex ||                                           \

         index == MediumIndex ||                                          \

         index == HumongousIndex, "Bad index: %d", (int) index)

  size_t num_free_chunks(ChunkIndex index) const {

    index_bounds_check(index);

    if (index == HumongousIndex) {

      return _humongous_dictionary.total_free_blocks();

    }

    ssize_t count = _free_chunks[index].count();

    return count == -1 ? 0 : (size_t) count;

  }

  size_t size_free_chunks_in_bytes(ChunkIndex index) const {

    index_bounds_check(index);

    size_t word_size = 0;

    if (index == HumongousIndex) {

      word_size = _humongous_dictionary.total_size();

    } else {

      const size_t size_per_chunk_in_words = _free_chunks[index].size();

      word_size = size_per_chunk_in_words * num_free_chunks(index);

    }

    return word_size * BytesPerWord;

  }

  MetaspaceChunkFreeListSummary chunk_free_list_summary() const {

    return MetaspaceChunkFreeListSummary(num_free_chunks(SpecializedIndex),

                                         num_free_chunks(SmallIndex),

                                         num_free_chunks(MediumIndex),

                                         num_free_chunks(HumongousIndex),

                                         size_free_chunks_in_bytes(SpecializedIndex),

                                         size_free_chunks_in_bytes(SmallIndex),

                                         size_free_chunks_in_bytes(MediumIndex),

                                         size_free_chunks_in_bytes(HumongousIndex));

  }

  // Debug support

  void verify();

  void slow_verify() {

    if (metaspace_slow_verify) {

      verify();

    }

  }

  void locked_verify();

  void slow_locked_verify() {

    if (metaspace_slow_verify) {

      locked_verify();

    }

  }

  void verify_free_chunks_total();

  void locked_print_free_chunks(outputStream* st);

  void locked_print_sum_free_chunks(outputStream* st);

  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;

  // Prints composition for both non-class and (if available)

  // class chunk manager.

  static void print_all_chunkmanagers(outputStream* out);

};

class SmallBlocks : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {

  const static uint _small_block_max_size = sizeof(TreeChunk<Metablock,  FreeList<Metablock> >)/HeapWordSize;

  const static uint _small_block_min_size = sizeof(Metablock)/HeapWordSize;

 private:

  FreeList<Metablock> _small_lists[_small_block_max_size - _small_block_min_size];

  FreeList<Metablock>& list_at(size_t word_size) {

    assert(word_size >= _small_block_min_size, "There are no metaspace objects less than %u words", _small_block_min_size);

    return _small_lists[word_size - _small_block_min_size];

  }

 public:

  SmallBlocks() {

    for (uint i = _small_block_min_size; i < _small_block_max_size; i++) {

      uint k = i - _small_block_min_size;

      _small_lists[k].set_size(i);

    }

  }

  size_t total_size() const {

    size_t result = 0;

    for (uint i = _small_block_min_size; i < _small_block_max_size; i++) {

      uint k = i - _small_block_min_size;

      result = result + _small_lists[k].count() * _small_lists[k].size();

    }

    return result;

  }

  static uint small_block_max_size() { return _small_block_max_size; }

  static uint small_block_min_size() { return _small_block_min_size; }

  MetaWord* get_block(size_t word_size) {

    if (list_at(word_size).count() > 0) {

      MetaWord* new_block = (MetaWord*) list_at(word_size).get_chunk_at_head();

      return new_block;

    } else {

      return NULL;

    }

  }

  void return_block(Metablock* free_chunk, size_t word_size) {

    list_at(word_size).return_chunk_at_head(free_chunk, false);

    assert(list_at(word_size).count() > 0, "Should have a chunk");

  }

  void print_on(outputStream* st) const {

    st->print_cr("SmallBlocks:");

    for (uint i = _small_block_min_size; i < _small_block_max_size; i++) {

      uint k = i - _small_block_min_size;

      st->print_cr("small_lists size " SIZE_FORMAT " count " SIZE_FORMAT, _small_lists[k].size(), _small_lists[k].count());

    }

  }

};

// Used to manage the free list of Metablocks (a block corresponds

// to the allocation of a quantum of metadata).

class BlockFreelist : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {

  BlockTreeDictionary* const _dictionary;

  SmallBlocks* _small_blocks;

  // Only allocate and split from freelist if the size of the allocation

  // is at least 1/4th the size of the available block.

  const static int WasteMultiplier = 4;

  // Accessors

  BlockTreeDictionary* dictionary() const { return _dictionary; }

  SmallBlocks* small_blocks() {

    if (_small_blocks == NULL) {

      _small_blocks = new SmallBlocks();

    }

    return _small_blocks;

  }

 public:

  BlockFreelist();

  ~BlockFreelist();

  // Get and return a block to the free list

  MetaWord* get_block(size_t word_size);

  void return_block(MetaWord* p, size_t word_size);

  size_t total_size() const  {

    size_t result = dictionary()->total_size();

    if (_small_blocks != NULL) {

      result = result + _small_blocks->total_size();

    }

    return result;

  }

  static size_t min_dictionary_size()   { return TreeChunk<Metablock, FreeList<Metablock> >::min_size(); }

  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;

};

// A VirtualSpaceList node.

class VirtualSpaceNode : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {

  friend class VirtualSpaceList;

  // Link to next VirtualSpaceNode

  VirtualSpaceNode* _next;

  // total in the VirtualSpace

  MemRegion _reserved;

  ReservedSpace _rs;

  VirtualSpace _virtual_space;

  MetaWord* _top;

  // count of chunks contained in this VirtualSpace

  uintx _container_count;

  // Convenience functions to access the _virtual_space

  char* low()  const { return virtual_space()->low(); }

  char* high() const { return virtual_space()->high(); }

  // The first Metachunk will be allocated at the bottom of the

  // VirtualSpace

  Metachunk* first_chunk() { return (Metachunk*) bottom(); }

  // Committed but unused space in the virtual space

  size_t free_words_in_vs() const;

 public:

  VirtualSpaceNode(size_t byte_size);

  VirtualSpaceNode(ReservedSpace rs) : _top(NULL), _next(NULL), _rs(rs), _container_count(0) {}

  ~VirtualSpaceNode();

  // Convenience functions for logical bottom and end

  MetaWord* bottom() const { return (MetaWord*) _virtual_space.low(); }

  MetaWord* end() const { return (MetaWord*) _virtual_space.high(); }

  bool contains(const void* ptr) { return ptr >= low() && ptr < high(); }

  size_t reserved_words() const  { return _virtual_space.reserved_size() / BytesPerWord; }

  size_t committed_words() const { return _virtual_space.actual_committed_size() / BytesPerWord; }

  bool is_pre_committed() const { return _virtual_space.special(); }

  // address of next available space in _virtual_space;

  // Accessors

  VirtualSpaceNode* next() { return _next; }

  void set_next(VirtualSpaceNode* v) { _next = v; }

  void set_reserved(MemRegion const v) { _reserved = v; }

  void set_top(MetaWord* v) { _top = v; }

  // Accessors

  MemRegion* reserved() { return &_reserved; }

  VirtualSpace* virtual_space() const { return (VirtualSpace*) &_virtual_space; }

  // Returns true if "word_size" is available in the VirtualSpace

  bool is_available(size_t word_size) { return word_size <= pointer_delta(end(), _top, sizeof(MetaWord)); }

  MetaWord* top() const { return _top; }

  void inc_top(size_t word_size) { _top += word_size; }

  uintx container_count() { return _container_count; }

  void inc_container_count();

  void dec_container_count();

#ifdef ASSERT

  uintx container_count_slow();

  void verify_container_count();

#endif

  // used and capacity in this single entry in the list

  size_t used_words_in_vs() const;

  size_t capacity_words_in_vs() const;

  bool initialize();

  // get space from the virtual space

  Metachunk* take_from_committed(size_t chunk_word_size);

  // Allocate a chunk from the virtual space and return it.

  Metachunk* get_chunk_vs(size_t chunk_word_size);

  // Expands/shrinks the committed space in a virtual space.  Delegates

  // to Virtualspace

  bool expand_by(size_t min_words, size_t preferred_words);

  // In preparation for deleting this node, remove all the chunks

  // in the node from any freelist.

  void purge(ChunkManager* chunk_manager);

  // If an allocation doesn't fit in the current node a new node is created.

  // Allocate chunks out of the remaining committed space in this node

  // to avoid wasting that memory.

  // This always adds up because all the chunk sizes are multiples of

  // the smallest chunk size.

  void retire(ChunkManager* chunk_manager);

#ifdef ASSERT

  // Debug support

  void mangle();

#endif

  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;

};

#define assert_is_aligned(value, alignment)                  \

  assert(is_aligned((value), (alignment)),                   \

         SIZE_FORMAT_HEX " is not aligned to "               \

         SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t)(uintptr_t)value, (alignment))

// Decide if large pages should be committed when the memory is reserved.

static bool should_commit_large_pages_when_reserving(size_t bytes) {

  if (UseLargePages && UseLargePagesInMetaspace && !os::can_commit_large_page_memory()) {

    size_t words = bytes / BytesPerWord;

    bool is_class = false; // We never reserve large pages for the class space.

    if (MetaspaceGC::can_expand(words, is_class) &&

        MetaspaceGC::allowed_expansion() >= words) {