Merge
authorstefank
Fri, 09 Sep 2011 14:44:43 +0200
changeset 10531 ec78e506afa8
parent 10521 5c4fac522301 (current diff)
parent 10530 e6b53dec4b9e (diff)
child 10532 d41efe93a674
child 10543 2c0914969c10
Merge
hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/jvm.h
--- a/hotspot/src/os/linux/vm/os_linux.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/os/linux/vm/os_linux.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -2531,10 +2531,14 @@
       }
       return true;
     }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return commit_memory(addr, size, exec);
+    // Fall through and try to use small pages
+  }
+
+  if (commit_memory(addr, size, exec)) {
+    realign_memory(addr, size, alignment_hint);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
 }
 
 void os::realign_memory(char *addr, size_t bytes, size_t alignment_hint) {
--- a/hotspot/src/os/windows/vm/os_windows.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/os/windows/vm/os_windows.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -2706,11 +2706,10 @@
 
 static bool numa_interleaving_init() {
   bool success = false;
-  bool use_numa_specified = !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMA);
   bool use_numa_interleaving_specified = !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMAInterleaving);
 
-  // print a warning if UseNUMA or UseNUMAInterleaving flag is specified on command line
-  bool warn_on_failure =  use_numa_specified || use_numa_interleaving_specified;
+  // print a warning if UseNUMAInterleaving flag is specified on command line
+  bool warn_on_failure = use_numa_interleaving_specified;
 # define WARN(msg) if (warn_on_failure) { warning(msg); }
 
   // NUMAInterleaveGranularity cannot be less than vm_allocation_granularity (or _large_page_size if using large pages)
@@ -2720,7 +2719,7 @@
   if (os::Kernel32Dll::NumaCallsAvailable()) {
     if (numa_node_list_holder.build()) {
       if (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose) {
-        tty->print("NUMA UsedNodeCount=%d, namely ", os::numa_get_groups_num());
+        tty->print("NUMA UsedNodeCount=%d, namely ", numa_node_list_holder.get_count());
         for (int i = 0; i < numa_node_list_holder.get_count(); i++) {
           tty->print("%d ", numa_node_list_holder.get_node_list_entry(i));
         }
@@ -2734,7 +2733,6 @@
     WARN("NUMA Interleaving is not supported by the operating system.");
   }
   if (!success) {
-    if (use_numa_specified) WARN("...Ignoring UseNUMA flag.");
     if (use_numa_interleaving_specified) WARN("...Ignoring UseNUMAInterleaving flag.");
   }
   return success;
@@ -2816,7 +2814,8 @@
                                       prot);
       } else {
         // get the next node to use from the used_node_list
-        DWORD node = numa_node_list_holder.get_node_list_entry(count % os::numa_get_groups_num());
+        assert(numa_node_list_holder.get_count() > 0, "Multiple NUMA nodes expected");
+        DWORD node = numa_node_list_holder.get_node_list_entry(count % numa_node_list_holder.get_count());
         p_new = (char *)os::Kernel32Dll::VirtualAllocExNuma(hProc,
                                                             next_alloc_addr,
                                                             bytes_to_rq,
@@ -3132,15 +3131,21 @@
 void os::numa_make_global(char *addr, size_t bytes)    { }
 void os::numa_make_local(char *addr, size_t bytes, int lgrp_hint)    { }
 bool os::numa_topology_changed()                       { return false; }
-size_t os::numa_get_groups_num()                       { return numa_node_list_holder.get_count(); }
+size_t os::numa_get_groups_num()                       { return MAX2(numa_node_list_holder.get_count(), 1); }
 int os::numa_get_group_id()                            { return 0; }
 size_t os::numa_get_leaf_groups(int *ids, size_t size) {
-  // check for size bigger than actual groups_num
-  size = MIN2(size, numa_get_groups_num());
-  for (int i = 0; i < (int)size; i++) {
-    ids[i] = numa_node_list_holder.get_node_list_entry(i);
-  }
-  return size;
+  if (numa_node_list_holder.get_count() == 0 && size > 0) {
+    // Provide an answer for UMA systems
+    ids[0] = 0;
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    // check for size bigger than actual groups_num
+    size = MIN2(size, numa_get_groups_num());
+    for (int i = 0; i < (int)size; i++) {
+      ids[i] = numa_node_list_holder.get_node_list_entry(i);
+    }
+    return size;
+  }
 }
 
 bool os::get_page_info(char *start, page_info* info) {
@@ -3768,6 +3773,10 @@
   // initialize thread priority policy
   prio_init();
 
+  if (UseNUMA && !ForceNUMA) {
+    UseNUMA = false; // We don't fully support this yet
+  }
+
   if (UseNUMAInterleaving) {
     // first check whether this Windows OS supports VirtualAllocExNuma, if not ignore this flag
     bool success = numa_interleaving_init();
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/collectionSetChooser.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/collectionSetChooser.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2001, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/collectionSetChooser.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
+#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp"
 #include "memory/space.inline.hpp"
 
 CSetChooserCache::CSetChooserCache() {
@@ -358,6 +359,9 @@
   if (_cache.is_empty()) {
     assert(_curMarkedIndex == _numMarkedRegions,
            "if cache is empty, list should also be empty");
+    ergo_verbose0(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                  "stop adding old regions to CSet",
+                  ergo_format_reason("cache is empty"));
     return NULL;
   }
 
@@ -368,10 +372,23 @@
   if (g1p->adaptive_young_list_length()) {
     if (time_remaining - predicted_time < 0.0) {
       g1h->check_if_region_is_too_expensive(predicted_time);
+      ergo_verbose2(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                    "stop adding old regions to CSet",
+                    ergo_format_reason("predicted old region time higher than remaining time")
+                    ergo_format_ms("predicted old region time")
+                    ergo_format_ms("remaining time"),
+                    predicted_time, time_remaining);
       return NULL;
     }
   } else {
-    if (predicted_time > 2.0 * avg_prediction) {
+    double threshold = 2.0 * avg_prediction;
+    if (predicted_time > threshold) {
+      ergo_verbose2(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                    "stop adding old regions to CSet",
+                    ergo_format_reason("predicted old region time higher than threshold")
+                    ergo_format_ms("predicted old region time")
+                    ergo_format_ms("threshold"),
+                    predicted_time, threshold);
       return NULL;
     }
   }
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/concurrentG1RefineThread.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/concurrentG1RefineThread.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    g1p->check_prediction_validity();
+    g1p->revise_young_list_target_length_if_necessary();
   }
 }
 
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/concurrentMark.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/concurrentMark.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/concurrentMarkThread.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
+#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1OopClosures.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1RemSet.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionRemSet.hpp"
@@ -1727,18 +1728,21 @@
 
   size_t known_garbage_bytes =
     g1_par_count_task.used_bytes() - g1_par_count_task.live_bytes();
-#if 0
-  gclog_or_tty->print_cr("used %1.2lf, live %1.2lf, garbage %1.2lf",
-                         (double) g1_par_count_task.used_bytes() / (double) (1024 * 1024),
-                         (double) g1_par_count_task.live_bytes() / (double) (1024 * 1024),
-                         (double) known_garbage_bytes / (double) (1024 * 1024));
-#endif // 0
   g1p->set_known_garbage_bytes(known_garbage_bytes);
 
   size_t start_used_bytes = g1h->used();
   _at_least_one_mark_complete = true;
   g1h->set_marking_complete();
 
+  ergo_verbose4(ErgoConcCycles,
+           "finish cleanup",
+           ergo_format_byte("occupancy")
+           ergo_format_byte("capacity")
+           ergo_format_byte_perc("known garbage"),
+           start_used_bytes, g1h->capacity(),
+           known_garbage_bytes,
+           ((double) known_garbage_bytes / (double) g1h->capacity()) * 100.0);
+
   double count_end = os::elapsedTime();
   double this_final_counting_time = (count_end - start);
   if (G1PrintParCleanupStats) {
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1AllocRegion.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
+#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1MarkSweep.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1OopClosures.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1RemSet.inline.hpp"
@@ -577,6 +578,11 @@
     res = new_region_try_secondary_free_list();
   }
   if (res == NULL && do_expand) {
+    ergo_verbose1(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "attempt heap expansion",
+                  ergo_format_reason("region allocation request failed")
+                  ergo_format_byte("allocation request"),
+                  word_size * HeapWordSize);
     if (expand(word_size * HeapWordSize)) {
       // Even though the heap was expanded, it might not have reached
       // the desired size. So, we cannot assume that the allocation
@@ -790,6 +796,11 @@
       // room available.
       assert(num_regions > fs, "earlier allocation should have succeeded");
 
+      ergo_verbose1(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                    "attempt heap expansion",
+                    ergo_format_reason("humongous allocation request failed")
+                    ergo_format_byte("allocation request"),
+                    word_size * HeapWordSize);
       if (expand((num_regions - fs) * HeapRegion::GrainBytes)) {
         // Even though the heap was expanded, it might not have
         // reached the desired size. So, we cannot assume that the
@@ -906,6 +917,8 @@
 
       if (GC_locker::is_active_and_needs_gc()) {
         if (g1_policy()->can_expand_young_list()) {
+          // No need for an ergo verbose message here,
+          // can_expand_young_list() does this when it returns true.
           result = _mutator_alloc_region.attempt_allocation_force(word_size,
                                                       false /* bot_updates */);
           if (result != NULL) {
@@ -1477,63 +1490,34 @@
   // we'll try to make the capacity smaller than it, not greater).
   maximum_desired_capacity =  MAX2(maximum_desired_capacity, min_heap_size);
 
-  if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
-    const double free_percentage =
-      (double) free_after_gc / (double) capacity_after_gc;
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Computing new size after full GC ");
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                           "  minimum_free_percentage: %6.2f",
-                           minimum_free_percentage);
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                           "  maximum_free_percentage: %6.2f",
-                           maximum_free_percentage);
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                           "  capacity: %6.1fK"
-                           "  minimum_desired_capacity: %6.1fK"
-                           "  maximum_desired_capacity: %6.1fK",
-                           (double) capacity_after_gc / (double) K,
-                           (double) minimum_desired_capacity / (double) K,
-                           (double) maximum_desired_capacity / (double) K);
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                           "  free_after_gc: %6.1fK"
-                           "  used_after_gc: %6.1fK",
-                           (double) free_after_gc / (double) K,
-                           (double) used_after_gc / (double) K);
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                           "   free_percentage: %6.2f",
-                           free_percentage);
-  }
   if (capacity_after_gc < minimum_desired_capacity) {
     // Don't expand unless it's significant
     size_t expand_bytes = minimum_desired_capacity - capacity_after_gc;
-    if (expand(expand_bytes)) {
-      if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
-        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                               "  expanding:"
-                               "  max_heap_size: %6.1fK"
-                               "  minimum_desired_capacity: %6.1fK"
-                               "  expand_bytes: %6.1fK",
-                               (double) max_heap_size / (double) K,
-                               (double) minimum_desired_capacity / (double) K,
-                               (double) expand_bytes / (double) K);
-      }
-    }
+    ergo_verbose4(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "attempt heap expansion",
+                  ergo_format_reason("capacity lower than "
+                                     "min desired capacity after Full GC")
+                  ergo_format_byte("capacity")
+                  ergo_format_byte("occupancy")
+                  ergo_format_byte_perc("min desired capacity"),
+                  capacity_after_gc, used_after_gc,
+                  minimum_desired_capacity, (double) MinHeapFreeRatio);
+    expand(expand_bytes);
 
     // No expansion, now see if we want to shrink
   } else if (capacity_after_gc > maximum_desired_capacity) {
     // Capacity too large, compute shrinking size
     size_t shrink_bytes = capacity_after_gc - maximum_desired_capacity;
+    ergo_verbose4(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "attempt heap shrinking",
+                  ergo_format_reason("capacity higher than "
+                                     "max desired capacity after Full GC")
+                  ergo_format_byte("capacity")
+                  ergo_format_byte("occupancy")
+                  ergo_format_byte_perc("max desired capacity"),
+                  capacity_after_gc, used_after_gc,
+                  maximum_desired_capacity, (double) MaxHeapFreeRatio);
     shrink(shrink_bytes);
-    if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  "
-                             "  shrinking:"
-                             "  min_heap_size: %6.1fK"
-                             "  maximum_desired_capacity: %6.1fK"
-                             "  shrink_bytes: %6.1fK",
-                             (double) min_heap_size / (double) K,
-                             (double) maximum_desired_capacity / (double) K,
-                             (double) shrink_bytes / (double) K);
-    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1619,6 +1603,11 @@
   verify_region_sets_optional();
 
   size_t expand_bytes = MAX2(word_size * HeapWordSize, MinHeapDeltaBytes);
+  ergo_verbose1(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                "attempt heap expansion",
+                ergo_format_reason("allocation request failed")
+                ergo_format_byte("allocation request"),
+                word_size * HeapWordSize);
   if (expand(expand_bytes)) {
     _hrs.verify_optional();
     verify_region_sets_optional();
@@ -1646,11 +1635,11 @@
   size_t aligned_expand_bytes = ReservedSpace::page_align_size_up(expand_bytes);
   aligned_expand_bytes = align_size_up(aligned_expand_bytes,
                                        HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
-
-  if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
-    gclog_or_tty->print("Expanding garbage-first heap from %ldK by %ldK",
-                           old_mem_size/K, aligned_expand_bytes/K);
-  }
+  ergo_verbose2(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                "expand the heap",
+                ergo_format_byte("requested expansion amount")
+                ergo_format_byte("attempted expansion amount"),
+                expand_bytes, aligned_expand_bytes);
 
   // First commit the memory.
   HeapWord* old_end = (HeapWord*) _g1_storage.high();
@@ -1693,7 +1682,11 @@
       }
       assert(curr == mr.end(), "post-condition");
     }
+    g1_policy()->record_new_heap_size(n_regions());
   } else {
+    ergo_verbose0(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "did not expand the heap",
+                  ergo_format_reason("heap expansion operation failed"));
     // The expansion of the virtual storage space was unsuccessful.
     // Let's see if it was because we ran out of swap.
     if (G1ExitOnExpansionFailure &&
@@ -1702,13 +1695,6 @@
       vm_exit_out_of_memory(aligned_expand_bytes, "G1 heap expansion");
     }
   }
-
-  if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
-    size_t new_mem_size = _g1_storage.committed_size();
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("...%s, expanded to %ldK",
-                           (successful ? "Successful" : "Failed"),
-                           new_mem_size/K);
-  }
   return successful;
 }
 
@@ -1722,6 +1708,13 @@
   MemRegion mr = _hrs.shrink_by(aligned_shrink_bytes, &num_regions_deleted);
   HeapWord* old_end = (HeapWord*) _g1_storage.high();
   assert(mr.end() == old_end, "post-condition");
+
+  ergo_verbose3(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                "shrink the heap",
+                ergo_format_byte("requested shrinking amount")
+                ergo_format_byte("aligned shrinking amount")
+                ergo_format_byte("attempted shrinking amount"),
+                shrink_bytes, aligned_shrink_bytes, mr.byte_size());
   if (mr.byte_size() > 0) {
     if (_hr_printer.is_active()) {
       HeapWord* curr = mr.end();
@@ -1740,13 +1733,11 @@
     _expansion_regions += num_regions_deleted;
     update_committed_space(old_end, new_end);
     HeapRegionRemSet::shrink_heap(n_regions());
-
-    if (Verbose && PrintGC) {
-      size_t new_mem_size = _g1_storage.committed_size();
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Shrinking garbage-first heap from %ldK by %ldK to %ldK",
-                             old_mem_size/K, aligned_shrink_bytes/K,
-                             new_mem_size/K);
-    }
+    g1_policy()->record_new_heap_size(n_regions());
+  } else {
+    ergo_verbose0(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "did not shrink the heap",
+                  ergo_format_reason("heap shrinking operation failed"));
   }
 }
 
@@ -3534,6 +3525,19 @@
 
       init_mutator_alloc_region();
 
+      {
+        size_t expand_bytes = g1_policy()->expansion_amount();
+        if (expand_bytes > 0) {
+          size_t bytes_before = capacity();
+          if (!expand(expand_bytes)) {
+            // We failed to expand the heap so let's verify that
+            // committed/uncommitted amount match the backing store
+            assert(capacity() == _g1_storage.committed_size(), "committed size mismatch");
+            assert(max_capacity() == _g1_storage.reserved_size(), "reserved size mismatch");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
       double end_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
       double pause_time_ms = (end_time_sec - start_time_sec) * MILLIUNITS;
       g1_policy()->record_pause_time_ms(pause_time_ms);
@@ -3579,6 +3583,8 @@
         size_t expand_bytes = g1_policy()->expansion_amount();
         if (expand_bytes > 0) {
           size_t bytes_before = capacity();
+          // No need for an ergo verbose message here,
+          // expansion_amount() does this when it returns a value > 0.
           if (!expand(expand_bytes)) {
             // We failed to expand the heap so let's verify that
             // committed/uncommitted amount match the backing store
@@ -3732,13 +3738,6 @@
   bool do_object_b(oop p) {
     // It is reachable if it is outside the collection set, or is inside
     // and forwarded.
-
-#ifdef G1_DEBUG
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("is alive "PTR_FORMAT" in CS %d forwarded %d overall %d",
-                           (void*) p, _g1->obj_in_cs(p), p->is_forwarded(),
-                           !_g1->obj_in_cs(p) || p->is_forwarded());
-#endif // G1_DEBUG
-
     return !_g1->obj_in_cs(p) || p->is_forwarded();
   }
 };
@@ -3750,20 +3749,9 @@
   void do_oop(narrowOop* p) { guarantee(false, "Not needed"); }
   void do_oop(      oop* p) {
     oop obj = *p;
-#ifdef G1_DEBUG
-    if (PrintGC && Verbose) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("keep alive *"PTR_FORMAT" = "PTR_FORMAT" "PTR_FORMAT,
-                             p, (void*) obj, (void*) *p);
-    }
-#endif // G1_DEBUG
-
     if (_g1->obj_in_cs(obj)) {
       assert( obj->is_forwarded(), "invariant" );
       *p = obj->forwardee();
-#ifdef G1_DEBUG
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("     in CSet: moved "PTR_FORMAT" -> "PTR_FORMAT,
-                             (void*) obj, (void*) *p);
-#endif // G1_DEBUG
     }
   }
 };
@@ -4613,7 +4601,6 @@
     // keep entries (which are added by the marking threads) on them
     // live until they can be processed at the end of marking.
     ref_processor()->weak_oops_do(&buf_scan_non_heap_roots);
-    ref_processor()->oops_do(&buf_scan_non_heap_roots);
   }
 
   // Finish up any enqueued closure apps (attributed as object copy time).
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/concurrentMarkThread.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
+#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/g1/heapRegionRemSet.hpp"
 #include "gc_implementation/shared/gcPolicyCounters.hpp"
 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
@@ -145,6 +146,7 @@
   _stop_world_start(0.0),
   _all_stop_world_times_ms(new NumberSeq()),
   _all_yield_times_ms(new NumberSeq()),
+  _using_new_ratio_calculations(false),
 
   _all_mod_union_times_ms(new NumberSeq()),
 
@@ -271,15 +273,26 @@
   _recorded_survivor_tail(NULL),
   _survivors_age_table(true),
 
-  _gc_overhead_perc(0.0)
-
-{
+  _gc_overhead_perc(0.0) {
+
   // Set up the region size and associated fields. Given that the
   // policy is created before the heap, we have to set this up here,
   // so it's done as soon as possible.
   HeapRegion::setup_heap_region_size(Arguments::min_heap_size());
   HeapRegionRemSet::setup_remset_size();
 
+  G1ErgoVerbose::initialize();
+  if (PrintAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
+    // Currently, we only use a single switch for all the heuristics.
+    G1ErgoVerbose::set_enabled(true);
+    // Given that we don't currently have a verboseness level
+    // parameter, we'll hardcode this to high. This can be easily
+    // changed in the future.
+    G1ErgoVerbose::set_level(ErgoHigh);
+  } else {
+    G1ErgoVerbose::set_enabled(false);
+  }
+
   // Verify PLAB sizes
   const uint region_size = HeapRegion::GrainWords;
   if (YoungPLABSize > region_size || OldPLABSize > region_size) {
@@ -402,7 +415,7 @@
   _concurrent_mark_cleanup_times_ms->add(0.20);
   _tenuring_threshold = MaxTenuringThreshold;
   // _max_survivor_regions will be calculated by
-  // calculate_young_list_target_length() during initialization.
+  // update_young_list_target_length() during initialization.
   _max_survivor_regions = 0;
 
   assert(GCTimeRatio > 0,
@@ -410,6 +423,18 @@
          "if a user set it to 0");
   _gc_overhead_perc = 100.0 * (1.0 / (1.0 + GCTimeRatio));
 
+  uintx reserve_perc = G1ReservePercent;
+  // Put an artificial ceiling on this so that it's not set to a silly value.
+  if (reserve_perc > 50) {
+    reserve_perc = 50;
+    warning("G1ReservePercent is set to a value that is too large, "
+            "it's been updated to %u", reserve_perc);
+  }
+  _reserve_factor = (double) reserve_perc / 100.0;
+  // This will be set when the heap is expanded
+  // for the first time during initialization.
+  _reserve_regions = 0;
+
   initialize_all();
 }
 
@@ -434,16 +459,15 @@
 // ParallelScavengeHeap::initialize()). We might change this in the
 // future, but it's a good start.
 class G1YoungGenSizer : public TwoGenerationCollectorPolicy {
-  size_t size_to_region_num(size_t byte_size) {
-    return MAX2((size_t) 1, byte_size / HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
-  }
 
 public:
   G1YoungGenSizer() {
     initialize_flags();
     initialize_size_info();
   }
-
+  size_t size_to_region_num(size_t byte_size) {
+    return MAX2((size_t) 1, byte_size / HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
+  }
   size_t min_young_region_num() {
     return size_to_region_num(_min_gen0_size);
   }
@@ -455,6 +479,13 @@
   }
 };
 
+void G1CollectorPolicy::update_young_list_size_using_newratio(size_t number_of_heap_regions) {
+  assert(number_of_heap_regions > 0, "Heap must be initialized");
+  size_t young_size = number_of_heap_regions / (NewRatio + 1);
+  _min_desired_young_length = young_size;
+  _max_desired_young_length = young_size;
+}
+
 void G1CollectorPolicy::init() {
   // Set aside an initial future to_space.
   _g1 = G1CollectedHeap::heap();
@@ -465,18 +496,35 @@
 
   G1YoungGenSizer sizer;
   size_t initial_region_num = sizer.initial_young_region_num();
-
-  if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
-    set_adaptive_young_list_length(true);
+  _min_desired_young_length = sizer.min_young_region_num();
+  _max_desired_young_length = sizer.max_young_region_num();
+
+  if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
+    if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize) || FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxNewSize)) {
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("-XX:NewSize and -XX:MaxNewSize overrides -XX:NewRatio");
+    } else {
+      // Treat NewRatio as a fixed size that is only recalculated when the heap size changes
+      size_t heap_regions = sizer.size_to_region_num(_g1->n_regions());
+      update_young_list_size_using_newratio(heap_regions);
+      _using_new_ratio_calculations = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // GenCollectorPolicy guarantees that min <= initial <= max.
+  // Asserting here just to state that we rely on this property.
+  assert(_min_desired_young_length <= _max_desired_young_length, "Invalid min/max young gen size values");
+  assert(initial_region_num <= _max_desired_young_length, "Initial young gen size too large");
+  assert(_min_desired_young_length <= initial_region_num, "Initial young gen size too small");
+
+  set_adaptive_young_list_length(_min_desired_young_length < _max_desired_young_length);
+  if (adaptive_young_list_length()) {
     _young_list_fixed_length = 0;
   } else {
-    set_adaptive_young_list_length(false);
     _young_list_fixed_length = initial_region_num;
   }
   _free_regions_at_end_of_collection = _g1->free_regions();
-  calculate_young_list_min_length();
-  guarantee( _young_list_min_length == 0, "invariant, not enough info" );
-  calculate_young_list_target_length();
+  update_young_list_target_length();
+  _prev_eden_capacity = _young_list_target_length * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
 
   // We may immediately start allocating regions and placing them on the
   // collection set list. Initialize the per-collection set info
@@ -484,238 +532,261 @@
 }
 
 // Create the jstat counters for the policy.
-void G1CollectorPolicy::initialize_gc_policy_counters()
-{
+void G1CollectorPolicy::initialize_gc_policy_counters() {
   _gc_policy_counters = new GCPolicyCounters("GarbageFirst", 1, 3);
 }
 
-void G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_min_length() {
-  _young_list_min_length = 0;
-
-  if (!adaptive_young_list_length())
-    return;
-
-  if (_alloc_rate_ms_seq->num() > 3) {
-    double now_sec = os::elapsedTime();
-    double when_ms = _mmu_tracker->when_max_gc_sec(now_sec) * 1000.0;
-    double alloc_rate_ms = predict_alloc_rate_ms();
-    size_t min_regions = (size_t) ceil(alloc_rate_ms * when_ms);
-    size_t current_region_num = _g1->young_list()->length();
-    _young_list_min_length = min_regions + current_region_num;
-  }
-}
-
-void G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_target_length() {
-  if (adaptive_young_list_length()) {
-    size_t rs_lengths = (size_t) get_new_prediction(_rs_lengths_seq);
-    calculate_young_list_target_length(rs_lengths);
-  } else {
-    if (full_young_gcs())
-      _young_list_target_length = _young_list_fixed_length;
-    else
-      _young_list_target_length = _young_list_fixed_length / 2;
-  }
-
-  // Make sure we allow the application to allocate at least one
-  // region before we need to do a collection again.
-  size_t min_length = _g1->young_list()->length() + 1;
-  _young_list_target_length = MAX2(_young_list_target_length, min_length);
-  calculate_max_gc_locker_expansion();
-  calculate_survivors_policy();
-}
-
-void G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths) {
-  guarantee( adaptive_young_list_length(), "pre-condition" );
-  guarantee( !_in_marking_window || !_last_full_young_gc, "invariant" );
-
-  double start_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
-  size_t min_reserve_perc = MAX2((size_t)2, (size_t)G1ReservePercent);
-  min_reserve_perc = MIN2((size_t) 50, min_reserve_perc);
-  size_t reserve_regions =
-    (size_t) ((double) min_reserve_perc * (double) _g1->n_regions() / 100.0);
-
-  if (full_young_gcs() && _free_regions_at_end_of_collection > 0) {
-    // we are in fully-young mode and there are free regions in the heap
-
-    double survivor_regions_evac_time =
-        predict_survivor_regions_evac_time();
-
-    double target_pause_time_ms = _mmu_tracker->max_gc_time() * 1000.0;
-    size_t pending_cards = (size_t) get_new_prediction(_pending_cards_seq);
-    size_t adj_rs_lengths = rs_lengths + predict_rs_length_diff();
-    size_t scanned_cards = predict_young_card_num(adj_rs_lengths);
-    double base_time_ms = predict_base_elapsed_time_ms(pending_cards, scanned_cards)
-                          + survivor_regions_evac_time;
-
-    // the result
-    size_t final_young_length = 0;
-
-    size_t init_free_regions =
-      MAX2((size_t)0, _free_regions_at_end_of_collection - reserve_regions);
-
-    // if we're still under the pause target...
-    if (base_time_ms <= target_pause_time_ms) {
-      // We make sure that the shortest young length that makes sense
-      // fits within the target pause time.
-      size_t min_young_length = 1;
-
-      if (predict_will_fit(min_young_length, base_time_ms,
-                                     init_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
-        // The shortest young length will fit within the target pause time;
-        // we'll now check whether the absolute maximum number of young
-        // regions will fit in the target pause time. If not, we'll do
-        // a binary search between min_young_length and max_young_length
-        size_t abs_max_young_length = _free_regions_at_end_of_collection - 1;
-        size_t max_young_length = abs_max_young_length;
-
-        if (max_young_length > min_young_length) {
-          // Let's check if the initial max young length will fit within the
-          // target pause. If so then there is no need to search for a maximal
-          // young length - we'll return the initial maximum
-
-          if (predict_will_fit(max_young_length, base_time_ms,
-                                init_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
-            // The maximum young length will satisfy the target pause time.
-            // We are done so set min young length to this maximum length.
-            // The code after the loop will then set final_young_length using
-            // the value cached in the minimum length.
-            min_young_length = max_young_length;
-          } else {
-            // The maximum possible number of young regions will not fit within
-            // the target pause time so let's search....
-
-            size_t diff = (max_young_length - min_young_length) / 2;
-            max_young_length = min_young_length + diff;
-
-            while (max_young_length > min_young_length) {
-              if (predict_will_fit(max_young_length, base_time_ms,
-                                        init_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
-
-                // The current max young length will fit within the target
-                // pause time. Note we do not exit the loop here. By setting
-                // min = max, and then increasing the max below means that
-                // we will continue searching for an upper bound in the
-                // range [max..max+diff]
-                min_young_length = max_young_length;
-              }
-              diff = (max_young_length - min_young_length) / 2;
-              max_young_length = min_young_length + diff;
-            }
-            // the above loop found a maximal young length that will fit
-            // within the target pause time.
-          }
-          assert(min_young_length <= abs_max_young_length, "just checking");
-        }
-        final_young_length = min_young_length;
-      }
-    }
-    // and we're done!
-
-    // we should have at least one region in the target young length
-    _young_list_target_length =
-                              final_young_length + _recorded_survivor_regions;
-
-    // let's keep an eye of how long we spend on this calculation
-    // right now, I assume that we'll print it when we need it; we
-    // should really adde it to the breakdown of a pause
-    double end_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
-    double elapsed_time_ms = (end_time_sec - start_time_sec) * 1000.0;
-
-#ifdef TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-    // leave this in for debugging, just in case
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("target = %1.1lf ms, young = " SIZE_FORMAT ", "
-                           "elapsed %1.2lf ms, (%s%s) " SIZE_FORMAT SIZE_FORMAT,
-                           target_pause_time_ms,
-                           _young_list_target_length
-                           elapsed_time_ms,
-                           full_young_gcs() ? "full" : "partial",
-                           during_initial_mark_pause() ? " i-m" : "",
-                           _in_marking_window,
-                           _in_marking_window_im);
-#endif // TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-
-    if (_young_list_target_length < _young_list_min_length) {
-      // bummer; this means that, if we do a pause when the maximal
-      // length dictates, we'll violate the pause spacing target (the
-      // min length was calculate based on the application's current
-      // alloc rate);
-
-      // so, we have to bite the bullet, and allocate the minimum
-      // number. We'll violate our target, but we just can't meet it.
-
-#ifdef TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-      // leave this in for debugging, just in case
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("adjusted target length from "
-                             SIZE_FORMAT " to " SIZE_FORMAT,
-                             _young_list_target_length, _young_list_min_length);
-#endif // TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-
-      _young_list_target_length = _young_list_min_length;
-    }
-  } else {
-    // we are in a partially-young mode or we've run out of regions (due
-    // to evacuation failure)
-
-#ifdef TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-    // leave this in for debugging, just in case
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("(partial) setting target to " SIZE_FORMAT
-                           _young_list_min_length);
-#endif // TRACE_CALC_YOUNG_LENGTH
-    // we'll do the pause as soon as possible by choosing the minimum
-    _young_list_target_length = _young_list_min_length;
-  }
-
-  _rs_lengths_prediction = rs_lengths;
-}
-
-// This is used by: calculate_young_list_target_length(rs_length). It
-// returns true iff:
-//   the predicted pause time for the given young list will not overflow
-//   the target pause time
-// and:
-//   the predicted amount of surviving data will not overflow the
-//   the amount of free space available for survivor regions.
-//
-bool
-G1CollectorPolicy::predict_will_fit(size_t young_length,
-                                    double base_time_ms,
-                                    size_t init_free_regions,
-                                    double target_pause_time_ms) {
-
-  if (young_length >= init_free_regions)
+bool G1CollectorPolicy::predict_will_fit(size_t young_length,
+                                         double base_time_ms,
+                                         size_t base_free_regions,
+                                         double target_pause_time_ms) {
+  if (young_length >= base_free_regions) {
     // end condition 1: not enough space for the young regions
     return false;
-
-  double accum_surv_rate_adj = 0.0;
-  double accum_surv_rate =
-    accum_yg_surv_rate_pred((int)(young_length - 1)) - accum_surv_rate_adj;
-
+  }
+
+  double accum_surv_rate = accum_yg_surv_rate_pred((int)(young_length - 1));
   size_t bytes_to_copy =
-    (size_t) (accum_surv_rate * (double) HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
-
+               (size_t) (accum_surv_rate * (double) HeapRegion::GrainBytes);
   double copy_time_ms = predict_object_copy_time_ms(bytes_to_copy);
-
-  double young_other_time_ms =
-                       predict_young_other_time_ms(young_length);
-
-  double pause_time_ms =
-                   base_time_ms + copy_time_ms + young_other_time_ms;
-
-  if (pause_time_ms > target_pause_time_ms)
-    // end condition 2: over the target pause time
+  double young_other_time_ms = predict_young_other_time_ms(young_length);
+  double pause_time_ms = base_time_ms + copy_time_ms + young_other_time_ms;
+  if (pause_time_ms > target_pause_time_ms) {
+    // end condition 2: prediction is over the target pause time
     return false;
+  }
 
   size_t free_bytes =
-                 (init_free_regions - young_length) * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
-
-  if ((2.0 + sigma()) * (double) bytes_to_copy > (double) free_bytes)
-    // end condition 3: out of to-space (conservatively)
+                  (base_free_regions - young_length) * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
+  if ((2.0 * sigma()) * (double) bytes_to_copy > (double) free_bytes) {
+    // end condition 3: out-of-space (conservatively!)
     return false;
+  }
 
   // success!
   return true;
 }
 
+void G1CollectorPolicy::record_new_heap_size(size_t new_number_of_regions) {
+  // re-calculate the necessary reserve
+  double reserve_regions_d = (double) new_number_of_regions * _reserve_factor;
+  // We use ceiling so that if reserve_regions_d is > 0.0 (but
+  // smaller than 1.0) we'll get 1.
+  _reserve_regions = (size_t) ceil(reserve_regions_d);
+
+  if (_using_new_ratio_calculations) {
+    // -XX:NewRatio was specified so we need to update the
+    // young gen length when the heap size has changed.
+    update_young_list_size_using_newratio(new_number_of_regions);
+  }
+}
+
+size_t G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_desired_min_length(
+                                                     size_t base_min_length) {
+  size_t desired_min_length = 0;
+  if (adaptive_young_list_length()) {
+    if (_alloc_rate_ms_seq->num() > 3) {
+      double now_sec = os::elapsedTime();
+      double when_ms = _mmu_tracker->when_max_gc_sec(now_sec) * 1000.0;
+      double alloc_rate_ms = predict_alloc_rate_ms();
+      desired_min_length = (size_t) ceil(alloc_rate_ms * when_ms);
+    } else {
+      // otherwise we don't have enough info to make the prediction
+    }
+  }
+  desired_min_length += base_min_length;
+  // make sure we don't go below any user-defined minimum bound
+  return MAX2(_min_desired_young_length, desired_min_length);
+}
+
+size_t G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_desired_max_length() {
+  // Here, we might want to also take into account any additional
+  // constraints (i.e., user-defined minimum bound). Currently, we
+  // effectively don't set this bound.
+  return _max_desired_young_length;
+}
+
+void G1CollectorPolicy::update_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths) {
+  if (rs_lengths == (size_t) -1) {
+    // if it's set to the default value (-1), we should predict it;
+    // otherwise, use the given value.
+    rs_lengths = (size_t) get_new_prediction(_rs_lengths_seq);
+  }
+
+  // Calculate the absolute and desired min bounds.
+
+  // This is how many young regions we already have (currently: the survivors).
+  size_t base_min_length = recorded_survivor_regions();
+  // This is the absolute minimum young length, which ensures that we
+  // can allocate one eden region in the worst-case.
+  size_t absolute_min_length = base_min_length + 1;
+  size_t desired_min_length =
+                     calculate_young_list_desired_min_length(base_min_length);
+  if (desired_min_length < absolute_min_length) {
+    desired_min_length = absolute_min_length;
+  }
+
+  // Calculate the absolute and desired max bounds.
+
+  // We will try our best not to "eat" into the reserve.
+  size_t absolute_max_length = 0;
+  if (_free_regions_at_end_of_collection > _reserve_regions) {
+    absolute_max_length = _free_regions_at_end_of_collection - _reserve_regions;
+  }
+  size_t desired_max_length = calculate_young_list_desired_max_length();
+  if (desired_max_length > absolute_max_length) {
+    desired_max_length = absolute_max_length;
+  }
+
+  size_t young_list_target_length = 0;
+  if (adaptive_young_list_length()) {
+    if (full_young_gcs()) {
+      young_list_target_length =
+                        calculate_young_list_target_length(rs_lengths,
+                                                           base_min_length,
+                                                           desired_min_length,
+                                                           desired_max_length);
+      _rs_lengths_prediction = rs_lengths;
+    } else {
+      // Don't calculate anything and let the code below bound it to
+      // the desired_min_length, i.e., do the next GC as soon as
+      // possible to maximize how many old regions we can add to it.
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (full_young_gcs()) {
+      young_list_target_length = _young_list_fixed_length;
+    } else {
+      // A bit arbitrary: during partially-young GCs we allocate half
+      // the young regions to try to add old regions to the CSet.
+      young_list_target_length = _young_list_fixed_length / 2;
+      // We choose to accept that we might go under the desired min
+      // length given that we intentionally ask for a smaller young gen.
+      desired_min_length = absolute_min_length;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Make sure we don't go over the desired max length, nor under the
+  // desired min length. In case they clash, desired_min_length wins
+  // which is why that test is second.
+  if (young_list_target_length > desired_max_length) {
+    young_list_target_length = desired_max_length;
+  }
+  if (young_list_target_length < desired_min_length) {
+    young_list_target_length = desired_min_length;
+  }
+
+  assert(young_list_target_length > recorded_survivor_regions(),
+         "we should be able to allocate at least one eden region");
+  assert(young_list_target_length >= absolute_min_length, "post-condition");
+  _young_list_target_length = young_list_target_length;
+
+  update_max_gc_locker_expansion();
+}
+
+size_t
+G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths,
+                                                   size_t base_min_length,
+                                                   size_t desired_min_length,
+                                                   size_t desired_max_length) {
+  assert(adaptive_young_list_length(), "pre-condition");
+  assert(full_young_gcs(), "only call this for fully-young GCs");
+
+  // In case some edge-condition makes the desired max length too small...
+  if (desired_max_length <= desired_min_length) {
+    return desired_min_length;
+  }
+
+  // We'll adjust min_young_length and max_young_length not to include
+  // the already allocated young regions (i.e., so they reflect the
+  // min and max eden regions we'll allocate). The base_min_length
+  // will be reflected in the predictions by the
+  // survivor_regions_evac_time prediction.
+  assert(desired_min_length > base_min_length, "invariant");
+  size_t min_young_length = desired_min_length - base_min_length;
+  assert(desired_max_length > base_min_length, "invariant");
+  size_t max_young_length = desired_max_length - base_min_length;
+
+  double target_pause_time_ms = _mmu_tracker->max_gc_time() * 1000.0;
+  double survivor_regions_evac_time = predict_survivor_regions_evac_time();
+  size_t pending_cards = (size_t) get_new_prediction(_pending_cards_seq);
+  size_t adj_rs_lengths = rs_lengths + predict_rs_length_diff();
+  size_t scanned_cards = predict_young_card_num(adj_rs_lengths);
+  double base_time_ms =
+    predict_base_elapsed_time_ms(pending_cards, scanned_cards) +
+    survivor_regions_evac_time;
+  size_t available_free_regions = _free_regions_at_end_of_collection;
+  size_t base_free_regions = 0;
+  if (available_free_regions > _reserve_regions) {
+    base_free_regions = available_free_regions - _reserve_regions;
+  }
+
+  // Here, we will make sure that the shortest young length that
+  // makes sense fits within the target pause time.
+
+  if (predict_will_fit(min_young_length, base_time_ms,
+                       base_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
+    // The shortest young length will fit into the target pause time;
+    // we'll now check whether the absolute maximum number of young
+    // regions will fit in the target pause time. If not, we'll do
+    // a binary search between min_young_length and max_young_length.
+    if (predict_will_fit(max_young_length, base_time_ms,
+                         base_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
+      // The maximum young length will fit into the target pause time.
+      // We are done so set min young length to the maximum length (as
+      // the result is assumed to be returned in min_young_length).
+      min_young_length = max_young_length;
+    } else {
+      // The maximum possible number of young regions will not fit within
+      // the target pause time so we'll search for the optimal
+      // length. The loop invariants are:
+      //
+      // min_young_length < max_young_length
+      // min_young_length is known to fit into the target pause time
+      // max_young_length is known not to fit into the target pause time
+      //
+      // Going into the loop we know the above hold as we've just
+      // checked them. Every time around the loop we check whether
+      // the middle value between min_young_length and
+      // max_young_length fits into the target pause time. If it
+      // does, it becomes the new min. If it doesn't, it becomes
+      // the new max. This way we maintain the loop invariants.
+
+      assert(min_young_length < max_young_length, "invariant");
+      size_t diff = (max_young_length - min_young_length) / 2;
+      while (diff > 0) {
+        size_t young_length = min_young_length + diff;
+        if (predict_will_fit(young_length, base_time_ms,
+                             base_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms)) {
+          min_young_length = young_length;
+        } else {
+          max_young_length = young_length;
+        }
+        assert(min_young_length <  max_young_length, "invariant");
+        diff = (max_young_length - min_young_length) / 2;
+      }
+      // The results is min_young_length which, according to the
+      // loop invariants, should fit within the target pause time.
+
+      // These are the post-conditions of the binary search above:
+      assert(min_young_length < max_young_length,
+             "otherwise we should have discovered that max_young_length "
+             "fits into the pause target and not done the binary search");
+      assert(predict_will_fit(min_young_length, base_time_ms,
+                              base_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms),
+             "min_young_length, the result of the binary search, should "
+             "fit into the pause target");
+      assert(!predict_will_fit(min_young_length + 1, base_time_ms,
+                               base_free_regions, target_pause_time_ms),
+             "min_young_length, the result of the binary search, should be "
+             "optimal, so no larger length should fit into the pause target");
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Even the minimum length doesn't fit into the pause time
+    // target, return it as the result nevertheless.
+  }
+  return base_min_length + min_young_length;
+}
+
 double G1CollectorPolicy::predict_survivor_regions_evac_time() {
   double survivor_regions_evac_time = 0.0;
   for (HeapRegion * r = _recorded_survivor_head;
@@ -726,17 +797,19 @@
   return survivor_regions_evac_time;
 }
 
-void G1CollectorPolicy::check_prediction_validity() {
+void G1CollectorPolicy::revise_young_list_target_length_if_necessary() {
   guarantee( adaptive_young_list_length(), "should not call this otherwise" );
 
   size_t rs_lengths = _g1->young_list()->sampled_rs_lengths();
   if (rs_lengths > _rs_lengths_prediction) {
     // add 10% to avoid having to recalculate often
     size_t rs_lengths_prediction = rs_lengths * 1100 / 1000;
-    calculate_young_list_target_length(rs_lengths_prediction);
+    update_young_list_target_length(rs_lengths_prediction);
   }
 }
 
+
+
 HeapWord* G1CollectorPolicy::mem_allocate_work(size_t size,
                                                bool is_tlab,
                                                bool* gc_overhead_limit_was_exceeded) {
@@ -843,8 +916,7 @@
   _free_regions_at_end_of_collection = _g1->free_regions();
   // Reset survivors SurvRateGroup.
   _survivor_surv_rate_group->reset();
-  calculate_young_list_min_length();
-  calculate_young_list_target_length();
+  update_young_list_target_length();
 }
 
 void G1CollectorPolicy::record_stop_world_start() {
@@ -859,6 +931,11 @@
     gclog_or_tty->print(" (%s)", full_young_gcs() ? "young" : "partial");
   }
 
+  // We only need to do this here as the policy will only be applied
+  // to the GC we're about to start. so, no point is calculating this
+  // every time we calculate / recalculate the target young length.
+  update_survivors_policy();
+
   assert(_g1->used() == _g1->recalculate_used(),
          err_msg("sanity, used: "SIZE_FORMAT" recalculate_used: "SIZE_FORMAT,
                  _g1->used(), _g1->recalculate_used()));
@@ -959,11 +1036,9 @@
 G1CollectorPolicy::
 record_concurrent_mark_cleanup_end_work1(size_t freed_bytes,
                                          size_t max_live_bytes) {
-  if (_n_marks < 2) _n_marks++;
-  if (G1PolicyVerbose > 0)
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("At end of marking, max_live is " SIZE_FORMAT " MB "
-                           " (of " SIZE_FORMAT " MB heap).",
-                           max_live_bytes/M, _g1->capacity()/M);
+  if (_n_marks < 2) {
+    _n_marks++;
+  }
 }
 
 // The important thing about this is that it includes "os::elapsedTime".
@@ -977,14 +1052,6 @@
   _mmu_tracker->add_pause(_mark_cleanup_start_sec, end_time_sec, true);
 
   _num_markings++;
-
-  // We did a marking, so reset the "since_last_mark" variables.
-  double considerConcMarkCost = 1.0;
-  // If there are available processors, concurrent activity is free...
-  if (Threads::number_of_non_daemon_threads() * 2 <
-      os::active_processor_count()) {
-    considerConcMarkCost = 0.0;
-  }
   _n_pauses_at_mark_end = _n_pauses;
   _n_marks_since_last_pause++;
 }
@@ -994,8 +1061,6 @@
   _should_revert_to_full_young_gcs = false;
   _last_full_young_gc = true;
   _in_marking_window = false;
-  if (adaptive_young_list_length())
-    calculate_young_list_target_length();
 }
 
 void G1CollectorPolicy::record_concurrent_pause() {
@@ -1148,20 +1213,37 @@
   if (last_pause_included_initial_mark)
     record_concurrent_mark_init_end(0.0);
 
-  size_t min_used_targ =
+  size_t marking_initiating_used_threshold =
     (_g1->capacity() / 100) * InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent;
 
-
   if (!_g1->mark_in_progress() && !_last_full_young_gc) {
     assert(!last_pause_included_initial_mark, "invariant");
-    if (cur_used_bytes > min_used_targ &&
-      cur_used_bytes > _prev_collection_pause_used_at_end_bytes) {
+    if (cur_used_bytes > marking_initiating_used_threshold) {
+      if (cur_used_bytes > _prev_collection_pause_used_at_end_bytes) {
         assert(!during_initial_mark_pause(), "we should not see this here");
 
+        ergo_verbose3(ErgoConcCycles,
+                      "request concurrent cycle initiation",
+                      ergo_format_reason("occupancy higher than threshold")
+                      ergo_format_byte("occupancy")
+                      ergo_format_byte_perc("threshold"),
+                      cur_used_bytes,
+                      marking_initiating_used_threshold,
+                      (double) InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent);
+
         // Note: this might have already been set, if during the last
         // pause we decided to start a cycle but at the beginning of
         // this pause we decided to postpone it. That's OK.
         set_initiate_conc_mark_if_possible();
+      } else {
+        ergo_verbose2(ErgoConcCycles,
+                  "do not request concurrent cycle initiation",
+                  ergo_format_reason("occupancy lower than previous occupancy")
+                  ergo_format_byte("occupancy")
+                  ergo_format_byte("previous occupancy"),
+                  cur_used_bytes,
+                  _prev_collection_pause_used_at_end_bytes);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -1437,16 +1519,45 @@
   }
 
   if (_last_full_young_gc) {
+    ergo_verbose2(ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+                  "start partially-young GCs",
+                  ergo_format_byte_perc("known garbage"),
+                  _known_garbage_bytes, _known_garbage_ratio * 100.0);
     set_full_young_gcs(false);
     _last_full_young_gc = false;
   }
 
   if ( !_last_young_gc_full ) {
-    if ( _should_revert_to_full_young_gcs ||
-      _known_garbage_ratio < 0.05 ||
-      (adaptive_young_list_length() &&
-      (get_gc_eff_factor() * cur_efficiency < predict_young_gc_eff())) ) {
-        set_full_young_gcs(true);
+    if (_should_revert_to_full_young_gcs) {
+      ergo_verbose2(ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+                    "end partially-young GCs",
+                    ergo_format_reason("partially-young GCs end requested")
+                    ergo_format_byte_perc("known garbage"),
+                    _known_garbage_bytes, _known_garbage_ratio * 100.0);
+      set_full_young_gcs(true);
+    } else if (_known_garbage_ratio < 0.05) {
+      ergo_verbose3(ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+               "end partially-young GCs",
+               ergo_format_reason("known garbage percent lower than threshold")
+               ergo_format_byte_perc("known garbage")
+               ergo_format_perc("threshold"),
+               _known_garbage_bytes, _known_garbage_ratio * 100.0,
+               0.05 * 100.0);
+      set_full_young_gcs(true);
+    } else if (adaptive_young_list_length() &&
+              (get_gc_eff_factor() * cur_efficiency < predict_young_gc_eff())) {
+      ergo_verbose5(ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+                    "end partially-young GCs",
+                    ergo_format_reason("current GC efficiency lower than "
+                                       "predicted fully-young GC efficiency")
+                    ergo_format_double("GC efficiency factor")
+                    ergo_format_double("current GC efficiency")
+                    ergo_format_double("predicted fully-young GC efficiency")
+                    ergo_format_byte_perc("known garbage"),
+                    get_gc_eff_factor(), cur_efficiency,
+                    predict_young_gc_eff(),
+                    _known_garbage_bytes, _known_garbage_ratio * 100.0);
+      set_full_young_gcs(true);
     }
   }
   _should_revert_to_full_young_gcs = false;
@@ -1600,8 +1711,7 @@
   _in_marking_window = new_in_marking_window;
   _in_marking_window_im = new_in_marking_window_im;
   _free_regions_at_end_of_collection = _g1->free_regions();
-  calculate_young_list_min_length();
-  calculate_young_list_target_length();
+  update_young_list_target_length();
 
   // Note that _mmu_tracker->max_gc_time() returns the time in seconds.
   double update_rs_time_goal_ms = _mmu_tracker->max_gc_time() * MILLIUNITS * G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent / 100.0;
@@ -1622,20 +1732,26 @@
     size_t used_before_gc = _cur_collection_pause_used_at_start_bytes;
     size_t used = _g1->used();
     size_t capacity = _g1->capacity();
+    size_t eden_capacity =
+      (_young_list_target_length * HeapRegion::GrainBytes) - survivor_bytes;
 
     gclog_or_tty->print_cr(
-         "   [Eden: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"->"EXT_SIZE_FORMAT" "
-             "Survivors: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"->"EXT_SIZE_FORMAT" "
-             "Heap: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT")->"
-                     EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT")]",
-             EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_eden_bytes_before_gc),
-               EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(eden_bytes),
-             EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_survivor_bytes_before_gc),
-               EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(survivor_bytes),
-             EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(used_before_gc),
-             EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_capacity_before_gc),
-               EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(used),
-               EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(capacity));
+      "   [Eden: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT")->"EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT") "
+      "Survivors: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"->"EXT_SIZE_FORMAT" "
+      "Heap: "EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT")->"
+      EXT_SIZE_FORMAT"("EXT_SIZE_FORMAT")]",
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_eden_bytes_before_gc),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_prev_eden_capacity),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(eden_bytes),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(eden_capacity),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_survivor_bytes_before_gc),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(survivor_bytes),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(used_before_gc),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(_capacity_before_gc),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(used),
+      EXT_SIZE_PARAMS(capacity));
+
+    _prev_eden_capacity = eden_capacity;
   } else if (PrintGC) {
     _g1->print_size_transition(gclog_or_tty,
                                _cur_collection_pause_used_at_start_bytes,
@@ -1877,6 +1993,12 @@
   // I don't think we need to do this when in young GC mode since
   // marking will be initiated next time we hit the soft limit anyway...
   if (predicted_time_ms > _expensive_region_limit_ms) {
+    ergo_verbose2(ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+              "request partially-young GCs end",
+              ergo_format_reason("predicted region time higher than threshold")
+              ergo_format_ms("predicted region time")
+              ergo_format_ms("threshold"),
+              predicted_time_ms, _expensive_region_limit_ms);
     // no point in doing another partial one
     _should_revert_to_full_young_gcs = true;
   }
@@ -1986,7 +2108,9 @@
 }
 
 size_t G1CollectorPolicy::expansion_amount() {
-  if ((recent_avg_pause_time_ratio() * 100.0) > _gc_overhead_perc) {
+  double recent_gc_overhead = recent_avg_pause_time_ratio() * 100.0;
+  double threshold = _gc_overhead_perc;
+  if (recent_gc_overhead > threshold) {
     // We will double the existing space, or take
     // G1ExpandByPercentOfAvailable % of the available expansion
     // space, whichever is smaller, bounded below by a minimum
@@ -2001,20 +2125,19 @@
     expand_bytes = MIN2(expand_bytes_via_pct, committed_bytes);
     expand_bytes = MAX2(expand_bytes, min_expand_bytes);
     expand_bytes = MIN2(expand_bytes, uncommitted_bytes);
-    if (G1PolicyVerbose > 1) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print("Decided to expand: ratio = %5.2f, "
-                 "committed = %d%s, uncommited = %d%s, via pct = %d%s.\n"
-                 "                   Answer = %d.\n",
-                 recent_avg_pause_time_ratio(),
-                 byte_size_in_proper_unit(committed_bytes),
-                 proper_unit_for_byte_size(committed_bytes),
-                 byte_size_in_proper_unit(uncommitted_bytes),
-                 proper_unit_for_byte_size(uncommitted_bytes),
-                 byte_size_in_proper_unit(expand_bytes_via_pct),
-                 proper_unit_for_byte_size(expand_bytes_via_pct),
-                 byte_size_in_proper_unit(expand_bytes),
-                 proper_unit_for_byte_size(expand_bytes));
-    }
+
+    ergo_verbose5(ErgoHeapSizing,
+                  "attempt heap expansion",
+                  ergo_format_reason("recent GC overhead higher than "
+                                     "threshold after GC")
+                  ergo_format_perc("recent GC overhead")
+                  ergo_format_perc("threshold")
+                  ergo_format_byte("uncommitted")
+                  ergo_format_byte_perc("calculated expansion amount"),
+                  recent_gc_overhead, threshold,
+                  uncommitted_bytes,
+                  expand_bytes_via_pct, (double) G1ExpandByPercentOfAvailable);
+
     return expand_bytes;
   } else {
     return 0;
@@ -2237,8 +2360,7 @@
 #endif // PRODUCT
 }
 
-void
-G1CollectorPolicy::update_region_num(bool young) {
+void G1CollectorPolicy::update_region_num(bool young) {
   if (young) {
     ++_region_num_young;
   } else {
@@ -2270,7 +2392,7 @@
   };
 }
 
-void G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_max_gc_locker_expansion() {
+void G1CollectorPolicy::update_max_gc_locker_expansion() {
   size_t expansion_region_num = 0;
   if (GCLockerEdenExpansionPercent > 0) {
     double perc = (double) GCLockerEdenExpansionPercent / 100.0;
@@ -2286,9 +2408,13 @@
 }
 
 // Calculates survivor space parameters.
-void G1CollectorPolicy::calculate_survivors_policy()
-{
-  _max_survivor_regions = _young_list_target_length / SurvivorRatio;
+void G1CollectorPolicy::update_survivors_policy() {
+  double max_survivor_regions_d =
+                 (double) _young_list_target_length / (double) SurvivorRatio;
+  // We use ceiling so that if max_survivor_regions_d is > 0.0 (but
+  // smaller than 1.0) we'll get 1.
+  _max_survivor_regions = (size_t) ceil(max_survivor_regions_d);
+
   _tenuring_threshold = _survivors_age_table.compute_tenuring_threshold(
         HeapRegion::GrainWords * _max_survivor_regions);
 }
@@ -2315,13 +2441,23 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-bool
-G1CollectorPolicy::force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle() {
+bool G1CollectorPolicy::force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle(
+                                                     GCCause::Cause gc_cause) {
   bool during_cycle = _g1->concurrent_mark()->cmThread()->during_cycle();
   if (!during_cycle) {
+    ergo_verbose1(ErgoConcCycles,
+                  "request concurrent cycle initiation",
+                  ergo_format_reason("requested by GC cause")
+                  ergo_format_str("GC cause"),
+                  GCCause::to_string(gc_cause));
     set_initiate_conc_mark_if_possible();
     return true;
   } else {
+    ergo_verbose1(ErgoConcCycles,
+                  "do not request concurrent cycle initiation",
+                  ergo_format_reason("concurrent cycle already in progress")
+                  ergo_format_str("GC cause"),
+                  GCCause::to_string(gc_cause));
     return false;
   }
 }
@@ -2353,6 +2489,10 @@
       // And we can now clear initiate_conc_mark_if_possible() as
       // we've already acted on it.
       clear_initiate_conc_mark_if_possible();
+
+      ergo_verbose0(ErgoConcCycles,
+                  "initiate concurrent cycle",
+                  ergo_format_reason("concurrent cycle initiation requested"));
     } else {
       // The concurrent marking thread is still finishing up the
       // previous cycle. If we start one right now the two cycles
@@ -2366,6 +2506,9 @@
       // and, if it's in a yield point, it's waiting for us to
       // finish. So, at this point we will not start a cycle and we'll
       // let the concurrent marking thread complete the last one.
+      ergo_verbose0(ErgoConcCycles,
+                    "do not initiate concurrent cycle",
+                    ergo_format_reason("concurrent cycle already in progress"));
     }
   }
 }
@@ -2756,6 +2899,8 @@
   // Set this here - in case we're not doing young collections.
   double non_young_start_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
 
+  YoungList* young_list = _g1->young_list();
+
   start_recording_regions();
 
   guarantee(target_pause_time_ms > 0.0,
@@ -2768,61 +2913,62 @@
 
   double time_remaining_ms = target_pause_time_ms - base_time_ms;
 
+  ergo_verbose3(ErgoCSetConstruction | ErgoHigh,
+                "start choosing CSet",
+                ergo_format_ms("predicted base time")
+                ergo_format_ms("remaining time")
+                ergo_format_ms("target pause time"),
+                base_time_ms, time_remaining_ms, target_pause_time_ms);
+
   // the 10% and 50% values are arbitrary...
-  if (time_remaining_ms < 0.10 * target_pause_time_ms) {
+  double threshold = 0.10 * target_pause_time_ms;
+  if (time_remaining_ms < threshold) {
+    double prev_time_remaining_ms = time_remaining_ms;
     time_remaining_ms = 0.50 * target_pause_time_ms;
     _within_target = false;
+    ergo_verbose3(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                  "adjust remaining time",
+                  ergo_format_reason("remaining time lower than threshold")
+                  ergo_format_ms("remaining time")
+                  ergo_format_ms("threshold")
+                  ergo_format_ms("adjusted remaining time"),
+                  prev_time_remaining_ms, threshold, time_remaining_ms);
   } else {
     _within_target = true;
   }
 
-  // We figure out the number of bytes available for future to-space.
-  // For new regions without marking information, we must assume the
-  // worst-case of complete survival.  If we have marking information for a
-  // region, we can bound the amount of live data.  We can add a number of
-  // such regions, as long as the sum of the live data bounds does not
-  // exceed the available evacuation space.
-  size_t max_live_bytes = _g1->free_regions() * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
-
-  size_t expansion_bytes =
-    _g1->expansion_regions() * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
+  size_t expansion_bytes = _g1->expansion_regions() * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
+
+  HeapRegion* hr;
+  double young_start_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
 
   _collection_set_bytes_used_before = 0;
   _collection_set_size = 0;
-
-  // Adjust for expansion and slop.
-  max_live_bytes = max_live_bytes + expansion_bytes;
-
-  HeapRegion* hr;
-  double young_start_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
-
-  if (G1PolicyVerbose > 0) {
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Adding %d young regions to the CSet",
-      _g1->young_list()->length());
-  }
-
   _young_cset_length  = 0;
   _last_young_gc_full = full_young_gcs() ? true : false;
 
-  if (_last_young_gc_full)
+  if (_last_young_gc_full) {
     ++_full_young_pause_num;
-  else
+  } else {
     ++_partial_young_pause_num;
+  }
 
   // The young list is laid with the survivor regions from the previous
   // pause are appended to the RHS of the young list, i.e.
   //   [Newly Young Regions ++ Survivors from last pause].
 
-  hr = _g1->young_list()->first_survivor_region();
+  size_t survivor_region_num = young_list->survivor_length();
+  size_t eden_region_num = young_list->length() - survivor_region_num;
+  size_t old_region_num = 0;
+  hr = young_list->first_survivor_region();
   while (hr != NULL) {
     assert(hr->is_survivor(), "badly formed young list");
     hr->set_young();
     hr = hr->get_next_young_region();
   }
 
-  // Clear the fields that point to the survivor list - they are
-  // all young now.
-  _g1->young_list()->clear_survivors();
+  // Clear the fields that point to the survivor list - they are all young now.
+  young_list->clear_survivors();
 
   if (_g1->mark_in_progress())
     _g1->concurrent_mark()->register_collection_set_finger(_inc_cset_max_finger);
@@ -2831,14 +2977,17 @@
   _collection_set = _inc_cset_head;
   _collection_set_size = _inc_cset_size;
   _collection_set_bytes_used_before = _inc_cset_bytes_used_before;
-
-  // For young regions in the collection set, we assume the worst
-  // case of complete survival
-  max_live_bytes -= _inc_cset_size * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
-
   time_remaining_ms -= _inc_cset_predicted_elapsed_time_ms;
   predicted_pause_time_ms += _inc_cset_predicted_elapsed_time_ms;
 
+  ergo_verbose3(ErgoCSetConstruction | ErgoHigh,
+                "add young regions to CSet",
+                ergo_format_region("eden")
+                ergo_format_region("survivors")
+                ergo_format_ms("predicted young region time"),
+                eden_region_num, survivor_region_num,
+                _inc_cset_predicted_elapsed_time_ms);
+
   // The number of recorded young regions is the incremental
   // collection set's current size
   set_recorded_young_regions(_inc_cset_size);
@@ -2848,14 +2997,7 @@
   set_predicted_bytes_to_copy(_inc_cset_predicted_bytes_to_copy);
 #endif // PREDICTIONS_VERBOSE
 
-  if (G1PolicyVerbose > 0) {
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("  Added " PTR_FORMAT " Young Regions to CS.",
-      _inc_cset_size);
-    gclog_or_tty->print_cr("    (" SIZE_FORMAT " KB left in heap.)",
-      max_live_bytes/K);
-  }
-
-  assert(_inc_cset_size == _g1->young_list()->length(), "Invariant");
+  assert(_inc_cset_size == young_list->length(), "Invariant");
 
   double young_end_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
   _recorded_young_cset_choice_time_ms =
@@ -2869,6 +3011,8 @@
     NumberSeq seq;
     double avg_prediction = 100000000000000000.0; // something very large
 
+    size_t prev_collection_set_size = _collection_set_size;
+    double prev_predicted_pause_time_ms = predicted_pause_time_ms;
     do {
       hr = _collectionSetChooser->getNextMarkedRegion(time_remaining_ms,
                                                       avg_prediction);
@@ -2878,23 +3022,58 @@
         predicted_pause_time_ms += predicted_time_ms;
         add_to_collection_set(hr);
         record_non_young_cset_region(hr);
-        max_live_bytes -= MIN2(hr->max_live_bytes(), max_live_bytes);
-        if (G1PolicyVerbose > 0) {
-          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("    (" SIZE_FORMAT " KB left in heap.)",
-                        max_live_bytes/K);
-        }
         seq.add(predicted_time_ms);
         avg_prediction = seq.avg() + seq.sd();
       }
-      should_continue =
-        ( hr != NULL) &&
-        ( (adaptive_young_list_length()) ? time_remaining_ms > 0.0
-          : _collection_set_size < _young_list_fixed_length );
+
+      should_continue = true;
+      if (hr == NULL) {
+        // No need for an ergo verbose message here,
+        // getNextMarkRegion() does this when it returns NULL.
+        should_continue = false;
+      } else {
+        if (adaptive_young_list_length()) {
+          if (time_remaining_ms < 0.0) {
+            ergo_verbose1(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                          "stop adding old regions to CSet",
+                          ergo_format_reason("remaining time is lower than 0")
+                          ergo_format_ms("remaining time"),
+                          time_remaining_ms);
+            should_continue = false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (_collection_set_size < _young_list_fixed_length) {
+            ergo_verbose2(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                          "stop adding old regions to CSet",
+                          ergo_format_reason("CSet length lower than target")
+                          ergo_format_region("CSet")
+                          ergo_format_region("young target"),
+                          _collection_set_size, _young_list_fixed_length);
+            should_continue = false;
+          }
+        }
+      }
     } while (should_continue);
 
     if (!adaptive_young_list_length() &&
-        _collection_set_size < _young_list_fixed_length)
+        _collection_set_size < _young_list_fixed_length) {
+      ergo_verbose2(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                    "request partially-young GCs end",
+                    ergo_format_reason("CSet length lower than target")
+                    ergo_format_region("CSet")
+                    ergo_format_region("young target"),
+                    _collection_set_size, _young_list_fixed_length);
       _should_revert_to_full_young_gcs  = true;
+    }
+
+    old_region_num = _collection_set_size - prev_collection_set_size;
+
+    ergo_verbose2(ErgoCSetConstruction | ErgoHigh,
+                  "add old regions to CSet",
+                  ergo_format_region("old")
+                  ergo_format_ms("predicted old region time"),
+                  old_region_num,
+                  predicted_pause_time_ms - prev_predicted_pause_time_ms);
   }
 
   stop_incremental_cset_building();
@@ -2903,6 +3082,16 @@
 
   end_recording_regions();
 
+  ergo_verbose5(ErgoCSetConstruction,
+                "finish choosing CSet",
+                ergo_format_region("eden")
+                ergo_format_region("survivors")
+                ergo_format_region("old")
+                ergo_format_ms("predicted pause time")
+                ergo_format_ms("target pause time"),
+                eden_region_num, survivor_region_num, old_region_num,
+                predicted_pause_time_ms, target_pause_time_ms);
+
   double non_young_end_time_sec = os::elapsedTime();
   _recorded_non_young_cset_choice_time_ms =
     (non_young_end_time_sec - non_young_start_time_sec) * 1000.0;
@@ -2914,12 +3103,6 @@
 }
 
 void G1CollectorPolicy_BestRegionsFirst::
-expand_if_possible(size_t numRegions) {
-  size_t expansion_bytes = numRegions * HeapRegion::GrainBytes;
-  _g1->expand(expansion_bytes);
-}
-
-void G1CollectorPolicy_BestRegionsFirst::
 record_collection_pause_end() {
   G1CollectorPolicy::record_collection_pause_end();
   assert(assertMarkedBytesDataOK(), "Marked regions not OK at pause end.");
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@
   // if true, then it tries to dynamically adjust the length of the
   // young list
   bool _adaptive_young_list_length;
-  size_t _young_list_min_length;
   size_t _young_list_target_length;
   size_t _young_list_fixed_length;
+  size_t _prev_eden_capacity; // used for logging
 
   // The max number of regions we can extend the eden by while the GC
   // locker is active. This should be >= _young_list_target_length;
@@ -207,6 +207,9 @@
 
   double                _gc_overhead_perc;
 
+  double _reserve_factor;
+  size_t _reserve_regions;
+
   bool during_marking() {
     return _during_marking;
   }
@@ -243,6 +246,10 @@
 
   TruncatedSeq* _max_conc_overhead_seq;
 
+  bool   _using_new_ratio_calculations;
+  size_t _min_desired_young_length; // as set on the command line or default calculations
+  size_t _max_desired_young_length; // as set on the command line or default calculations
+
   size_t _recorded_young_regions;
   size_t _recorded_non_young_regions;
   size_t _recorded_region_num;
@@ -456,12 +463,6 @@
   size_t predict_bytes_to_copy(HeapRegion* hr);
   double predict_region_elapsed_time_ms(HeapRegion* hr, bool young);
 
-    // for use by: calculate_young_list_target_length(rs_length)
-  bool predict_will_fit(size_t young_region_num,
-                        double base_time_ms,
-                        size_t init_free_regions,
-                        double target_pause_time_ms);
-
   void start_recording_regions();
   void record_cset_region_info(HeapRegion* hr, bool young);
   void record_non_young_cset_region(HeapRegion* hr);
@@ -493,7 +494,6 @@
 
   // </NEW PREDICTION>
 
-public:
   void cset_regions_freed() {
     bool propagate = _last_young_gc_full && !_in_marking_window;
     _short_lived_surv_rate_group->all_surviving_words_recorded(propagate);
@@ -772,9 +772,41 @@
   double _mark_cleanup_start_sec;
   double _mark_closure_time_ms;
 
-  void   calculate_young_list_min_length();
-  void   calculate_young_list_target_length();
-  void   calculate_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths);
+  // Update the young list target length either by setting it to the
+  // desired fixed value or by calculating it using G1's pause
+  // prediction model. If no rs_lengths parameter is passed, predict
+  // the RS lengths using the prediction model, otherwise use the
+  // given rs_lengths as the prediction.
+  void update_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths = (size_t) -1);
+
+  // Calculate and return the minimum desired young list target
+  // length. This is the minimum desired young list length according
+  // to the user's inputs.
+  size_t calculate_young_list_desired_min_length(size_t base_min_length);
+
+  // Calculate and return the maximum desired young list target
+  // length. This is the maximum desired young list length according
+  // to the user's inputs.
+  size_t calculate_young_list_desired_max_length();
+
+  // Calculate and return the maximum young list target length that
+  // can fit into the pause time goal. The parameters are: rs_lengths
+  // represent the prediction of how large the young RSet lengths will
+  // be, base_min_length is the alreay existing number of regions in
+  // the young list, min_length and max_length are the desired min and
+  // max young list length according to the user's inputs.
+  size_t calculate_young_list_target_length(size_t rs_lengths,
+                                            size_t base_min_length,
+                                            size_t desired_min_length,
+                                            size_t desired_max_length);
+
+  // Check whether a given young length (young_length) fits into the
+  // given target pause time and whether the prediction for the amount
+  // of objects to be copied for the given length will fit into the
+  // given free space (expressed by base_free_regions).  It is used by
+  // calculate_young_list_target_length().
+  bool predict_will_fit(size_t young_length, double base_time_ms,
+                        size_t base_free_regions, double target_pause_time_ms);
 
 public:
 
@@ -786,7 +818,10 @@
     return CollectorPolicy::G1CollectorPolicyKind;
   }
 
-  void check_prediction_validity();
+  // Check the current value of the young list RSet lengths and
+  // compare it against the last prediction. If the current value is
+  // higher, recalculate the young list target length prediction.
+  void revise_young_list_target_length_if_necessary();
 
   size_t bytes_in_collection_set() {
     return _bytes_in_collection_set_before_gc;
@@ -796,6 +831,9 @@
     return _all_pause_times_ms->num() + 1;
   }
 
+  // This should be called after the heap is resized.
+  void record_new_heap_size(size_t new_number_of_regions);
+
 protected:
 
   // Count the number of bytes used in the CS.
@@ -807,6 +845,8 @@
                                                 size_t max_live_bytes);
   void record_concurrent_mark_cleanup_end_work2();
 
+  void update_young_list_size_using_newratio(size_t number_of_heap_regions);
+
 public:
 
   virtual void init();
@@ -1045,7 +1085,7 @@
   // new cycle, as long as we are not already in one. It's best if it
   // is called during a safepoint when the test whether a cycle is in
   // progress or not is stable.
-  bool force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle();
+  bool force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle(GCCause::Cause gc_cause);
 
   // This is called at the very beginning of an evacuation pause (it
   // has to be the first thing that the pause does). If
@@ -1204,10 +1244,10 @@
     _survivors_age_table.merge_par(age_table);
   }
 
-  void calculate_max_gc_locker_expansion();
+  void update_max_gc_locker_expansion();
 
   // Calculates survivor space parameters.
-  void calculate_survivors_policy();
+  void update_survivors_policy();
 
 };
 
@@ -1234,8 +1274,6 @@
 
 class G1CollectorPolicy_BestRegionsFirst: public G1CollectorPolicy {
   CollectionSetChooser* _collectionSetChooser;
-  // If the estimated is less then desirable, resize if possible.
-  void expand_if_possible(size_t numRegions);
 
   virtual void choose_collection_set(double target_pause_time_ms);
   virtual void record_collection_pause_start(double start_time_sec,
@@ -1269,8 +1307,4 @@
   return (sum_of_squares - 2.0 * avg * sum + n_d * avg * avg) / n_d;
 }
 
-// Local Variables: ***
-// c-indentation-style: gnu ***
-// End: ***
-
 #endif // SHARE_VM_GC_IMPLEMENTATION_G1_G1COLLECTORPOLICY_HPP
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "precompiled.hpp"
+#include "gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp"
+#include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
+
+ErgoLevel G1ErgoVerbose::_level;
+bool G1ErgoVerbose::_enabled[ErgoHeuristicNum];
+
+void G1ErgoVerbose::initialize() {
+  set_level(ErgoLow);
+  set_enabled(false);
+}
+
+void G1ErgoVerbose::set_level(ErgoLevel level) {
+  _level = level;
+}
+
+void G1ErgoVerbose::set_enabled(ErgoHeuristic n, bool enabled) {
+  assert(0 <= n && n < ErgoHeuristicNum, "pre-condition");
+  _enabled[n] = enabled;
+}
+
+void G1ErgoVerbose::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
+  for (int n = 0; n < ErgoHeuristicNum; n += 1) {
+    set_enabled((ErgoHeuristic) n, enabled);
+  }
+}
+
+const char* G1ErgoVerbose::to_string(int tag) {
+  ErgoHeuristic n = extract_heuristic(tag);
+  switch (n) {
+  case ErgoHeapSizing:            return "Heap Sizing";
+  case ErgoCSetConstruction:      return "CSet Construction";
+  case ErgoConcCycles:            return "Concurrent Cycles";
+  case ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs:     return "Partially-Young GCs";
+  default:
+    ShouldNotReachHere();
+    // Keep the Windows compiler happy
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1ErgoVerbose.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef SHARE_VM_GC_IMPLEMENTATION_G1_G1ERGOVERBOSE_HPP
+#define SHARE_VM_GC_IMPLEMENTATION_G1_G1ERGOVERBOSE_HPP
+
+#include "memory/allocation.hpp"
+#include "utilities/debug.hpp"
+
+// The log of G1's heuristic decisions comprises of a series of
+// records which have a similar format in order to maintain
+// consistency across records and ultimately easier parsing of the
+// output, if we ever choose to do that. Each record consists of:
+// * A time stamp to be able to easily correlate each record with
+// other events.
+// * A unique string to allow us to easily identify such records.
+// * The name of the heuristic the record corresponds to.
+// * An action string which describes the action that G1 did or is
+// about to do.
+// * An optional reason string which describes the reason for the
+// action.
+// * An optional number of name/value pairs which contributed to the
+// decision to take the action described in the record.
+//
+// Each record is associated with a "tag" which is the combination of
+// the heuristic the record corresponds to, as well as the min level
+// of verboseness at which the record should be printed. The tag is
+// checked against the current settings to determine whether the record
+// should be printed or not.
+
+// The available verboseness levels.
+typedef enum {
+  // Determine which part of the tag is occupied by the level.
+  ErgoLevelShift = 8,
+  ErgoLevelMask = ~((1 << ErgoLevelShift) - 1),
+
+  // ErgoLow is 0 so that we don't have to explicitly or a heuristic
+  // id with ErgoLow to keep its use simpler.
+  ErgoLow = 0,
+  ErgoHigh = 1 << ErgoLevelShift,
+} ErgoLevel;
+
+// The available heuristics.
+typedef enum {
+  // Determines which part of the tag is occupied by the heuristic id.
+  ErgoHeuristicMask = ~ErgoLevelMask,
+
+  ErgoHeapSizing = 0,
+  ErgoCSetConstruction,
+  ErgoConcCycles,
+  ErgoPartiallyYoungGCs,
+
+  ErgoHeuristicNum
+} ErgoHeuristic;
+
+class G1ErgoVerbose : AllStatic {
+private:
+  // Determines the minimum verboseness level at which records will be
+  // printed.
+  static ErgoLevel _level;
+  // Determines which heuristics are currently enabled.
+  static bool _enabled[ErgoHeuristicNum];
+
+  static ErgoLevel extract_level(int tag) {
+    return (ErgoLevel) (tag & ErgoLevelMask);
+  }
+
+  static ErgoHeuristic extract_heuristic(int tag) {
+    return (ErgoHeuristic) (tag & ErgoHeuristicMask);
+  }
+
+public:
+  // Needs to be explicitly called at GC initialization.
+  static void initialize();
+
+  static void set_level(ErgoLevel level);
+  static void set_enabled(ErgoHeuristic h, bool enabled);
+  // It is applied to all heuristics.
+  static void set_enabled(bool enabled);
+
+  static bool enabled(int tag) {
+    ErgoLevel level = extract_level(tag);
+    ErgoHeuristic n = extract_heuristic(tag);
+    return level <= _level && _enabled[n];
+  }
+
+  // Extract the heuristic id from the tag and return a string with
+  // its name.
+  static const char* to_string(int tag);
+};
+
+// The macros below generate the format string for values of different
+// types and/or metrics.
+
+// The reason for the action is optional and is handled specially: the
+// reason string is concatenated here so it's not necessary to pass it
+// as a parameter.
+#define ergo_format_reason(_reason_) ", reason: " _reason_
+
+// Single parameter format strings
+#define ergo_format_str(_name_)      ", " _name_ ": %s"
+#define ergo_format_region(_name_)   ", " _name_ ": "SIZE_FORMAT" regions"
+#define ergo_format_byte(_name_)     ", " _name_ ": "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes"
+#define ergo_format_double(_name_)   ", " _name_ ": %1.2f"
+#define ergo_format_perc(_name_)     ", " _name_ ": %1.2f %%"
+#define ergo_format_ms(_name_)       ", " _name_ ": %1.2f ms"
+
+// Double parameter format strings
+#define ergo_format_byte_perc(_name_)                                   \
+                             ", " _name_ ": "SIZE_FORMAT" bytes (%1.2f %%)"
+
+// Generates the format string
+#define ergo_format(_action_, _extra_format_)                   \
+  " %1.3f: [G1Ergonomics (%s) " _action_ _extra_format_ "]"
+
+// Conditionally, prints an ergonomic decision record. _extra_format_
+// is the format string for the optional items we'd like to print
+// (i.e., the decision's reason and any associated values). This
+// string should be built up using the ergo_*_format macros (see
+// above) to ensure consistency.
+//
+// Since we cannot rely on the compiler supporting variable argument
+// macros, this macro accepts a fixed number of arguments and passes
+// them to the print method. For convenience, we have wrapper macros
+// below which take a specific number of arguments and set the rest to
+// a default value.
+#define ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,            \
+                            _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, _arg4_, _arg5_) \
+  do {                                                                  \
+    if (G1ErgoVerbose::enabled((_tag_))) {                              \
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr(ergo_format(_action_, _extra_format_),     \
+                             os::elapsedTime(),                         \
+                             G1ErgoVerbose::to_string((_tag_)),         \
+                             (_arg0_), (_arg1_), (_arg2_),              \
+                             (_arg3_), (_arg4_), (_arg5_));             \
+    }                                                                   \
+  } while (0)
+
+
+#define ergo_verbose(_tag_, _action_)                           \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, "", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose0(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_)                  \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose1(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_)                                           \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose2(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_)                                   \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose3(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_)                           \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, 0, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose4(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_)                   \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, 0, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose5(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, _arg4_)           \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, _arg4_, 0)
+
+#define ergo_verbose6(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, _arg4_, _arg5_)   \
+  ergo_verbose_common(_tag_, _action_, _extra_format_,                  \
+                      _arg0_, _arg1_, _arg2_, _arg3_, _arg4_, _arg5_)
+
+#endif // SHARE_VM_GC_IMPLEMENTATION_G1_G1ERGOVERBOSE_HPP
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1MMUTracker.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1MMUTracker.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2001, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2001, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
@@ -97,10 +97,6 @@
     // or performance (we are GC'ing most of the time anyway!),
     // simply overwrite the oldest entry in the tracker.
 
-    if (G1PolicyVerbose > 1) {
-      warning("MMU Tracker Queue overflow. Replacing earliest entry.");
-    }
-
     _head_index = trim_index(_head_index + 1);
     assert(_head_index == _tail_index, "Because we have a full circular buffer");
     _tail_index = trim_index(_tail_index + 1);
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1_globals.hpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/g1_globals.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -134,9 +134,9 @@
   develop(bool, G1RSCountHisto, false,                                      \
           "If true, print a histogram of RS occupancies after each pause")  \
                                                                             \
-  product(bool, G1PrintRegionLivenessInfo, false,                           \
-          "Prints the liveness information for all regions in the heap "    \
-          "at the end of a marking cycle.")                                 \
+  diagnostic(bool, G1PrintRegionLivenessInfo, false,                        \
+            "Prints the liveness information for all regions in the heap "  \
+            "at the end of a marking cycle.")                               \
                                                                             \
   develop(bool, G1PrintParCleanupStats, false,                              \
           "When true, print extra stats about parallel cleanup.")           \
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@
           "the number of regions for which we'll print a surv rate "        \
           "summary.")                                                       \
                                                                             \
-  product(intx, G1ReservePercent, 10,                                       \
+  product(uintx, G1ReservePercent, 10,                                      \
           "It determines the minimum reserve we should have in the heap "   \
           "to minimize the probability of promotion failure.")              \
                                                                             \
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/vm_operations_g1.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/g1/vm_operations_g1.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 
     // At this point we are supposed to start a concurrent cycle. We
     // will do so if one is not already in progress.
-    bool res = g1h->g1_policy()->force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle();
+    bool res = g1h->g1_policy()->force_initial_mark_if_outside_cycle(_gc_cause);
 
     // The above routine returns true if we were able to force the
     // next GC pause to be an initial mark; it returns false if a
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -909,10 +909,6 @@
     }
     young_gen()->verify(allow_dirty);
   }
-  if (!silent) {
-    gclog_or_tty->print("ref_proc ");
-  }
-  ReferenceProcessor::verify();
 }
 
 void ParallelScavengeHeap::print_heap_change(size_t prev_used) {
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/pcTasks.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/pcTasks.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -80,10 +80,6 @@
       Universe::oops_do(&mark_and_push_closure);
       break;
 
-    case reference_processing:
-      ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(&mark_and_push_closure);
-      break;
-
     case jni_handles:
       JNIHandles::oops_do(&mark_and_push_closure);
       break;
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/pcTasks.hpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/pcTasks.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -98,8 +98,7 @@
     management            = 6,
     jvmti                 = 7,
     system_dictionary     = 8,
-    reference_processing  = 9,
-    code_cache            = 10
+    code_cache            = 9
   };
  private:
   RootType _root_type;
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psMarkSweep.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psMarkSweep.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -516,7 +516,6 @@
   {
     ParallelScavengeHeap::ParStrongRootsScope psrs;
     Universe::oops_do(mark_and_push_closure());
-    ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(mark_and_push_closure());
     JNIHandles::oops_do(mark_and_push_closure());   // Global (strong) JNI handles
     CodeBlobToOopClosure each_active_code_blob(mark_and_push_closure(), /*do_marking=*/ true);
     Threads::oops_do(mark_and_push_closure(), &each_active_code_blob);
@@ -623,7 +622,6 @@
 
   // General strong roots.
   Universe::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
-  ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
   JNIHandles::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());   // Global (strong) JNI handles
   Threads::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure(), NULL);
   ObjectSynchronizer::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psParallelCompact.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psParallelCompact.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -2445,7 +2445,6 @@
 
   // General strong roots.
   Universe::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
-  ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
   JNIHandles::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());   // Global (strong) JNI handles
   Threads::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure(), NULL);
   ObjectSynchronizer::oops_do(adjust_root_pointer_closure());
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psTasks.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/psTasks.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@
   switch (_root_type) {
     case universe:
       Universe::oops_do(&roots_closure);
-      ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(&roots_closure);
       break;
 
     case jni_handles:
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/genCollectedHeap.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/genCollectedHeap.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -1269,10 +1269,6 @@
     gclog_or_tty->print("remset ");
   }
   rem_set()->verify();
-  if (!silent) {
-     gclog_or_tty->print("ref_proc ");
-  }
-  ReferenceProcessor::verify();
 }
 
 void GenCollectedHeap::print() const { print_on(tty); }
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/referenceProcessor.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/referenceProcessor.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@
 
 ReferencePolicy* ReferenceProcessor::_always_clear_soft_ref_policy = NULL;
 ReferencePolicy* ReferenceProcessor::_default_soft_ref_policy      = NULL;
-oop              ReferenceProcessor::_sentinelRef = NULL;
 const int        subclasses_of_ref                = REF_PHANTOM - REF_OTHER;
+bool             ReferenceProcessor::_pending_list_uses_discovered_field = false;
 
 // List of discovered references.
 class DiscoveredList {
 public:
   DiscoveredList() : _len(0), _compressed_head(0), _oop_head(NULL) { }
   oop head() const     {
-     return UseCompressedOops ?  oopDesc::decode_heap_oop_not_null(_compressed_head) :
+     return UseCompressedOops ?  oopDesc::decode_heap_oop(_compressed_head) :
                                 _oop_head;
   }
   HeapWord* adr_head() {
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@
   void   set_head(oop o) {
     if (UseCompressedOops) {
       // Must compress the head ptr.
-      _compressed_head = oopDesc::encode_heap_oop_not_null(o);
+      _compressed_head = oopDesc::encode_heap_oop(o);
     } else {
       _oop_head = o;
     }
   }
-  bool   empty() const          { return head() == ReferenceProcessor::sentinel_ref(); }
+  bool   empty() const          { return head() == NULL; }
   size_t length()               { return _len; }
   void   set_length(size_t len) { _len = len;  }
   void   inc_length(size_t inc) { _len += inc; assert(_len > 0, "Error"); }
@@ -76,21 +76,9 @@
 }
 
 void ReferenceProcessor::init_statics() {
-  assert(_sentinelRef == NULL, "should be initialized precisely once");
-  EXCEPTION_MARK;
-  _sentinelRef = instanceKlass::cast(
-                    SystemDictionary::Reference_klass())->
-                      allocate_permanent_instance(THREAD);
-
   // Initialize the master soft ref clock.
   java_lang_ref_SoftReference::set_clock(os::javaTimeMillis());
 
-  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
-      Handle ex(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
-      vm_exit_during_initialization(ex);
-  }
-  assert(_sentinelRef != NULL && _sentinelRef->is_oop(),
-         "Just constructed it!");
   _always_clear_soft_ref_policy = new AlwaysClearPolicy();
   _default_soft_ref_policy      = new COMPILER2_PRESENT(LRUMaxHeapPolicy())
                                       NOT_COMPILER2(LRUCurrentHeapPolicy());
@@ -100,6 +88,7 @@
   guarantee(RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferenceBasedDiscovery ||
             RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery,
             "Unrecongnized RefDiscoveryPolicy");
+  _pending_list_uses_discovered_field = JDK_Version::current().pending_list_uses_discovered_field();
 }
 
 ReferenceProcessor::ReferenceProcessor(MemRegion span,
@@ -130,13 +119,12 @@
   _discoveredWeakRefs    = &_discoveredSoftRefs[_max_num_q];
   _discoveredFinalRefs   = &_discoveredWeakRefs[_max_num_q];
   _discoveredPhantomRefs = &_discoveredFinalRefs[_max_num_q];
-  assert(sentinel_ref() != NULL, "_sentinelRef is NULL");
-  // Initialized all entries to _sentinelRef
+  // Initialized all entries to NULL
   for (int i = 0; i < _max_num_q * subclasses_of_ref; i++) {
-        _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_head(sentinel_ref());
+    _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_head(NULL);
     _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_length(0);
   }
-  // If we do barreirs, cache a copy of the barrier set.
+  // If we do barriers, cache a copy of the barrier set.
   if (discovered_list_needs_barrier) {
     _bs = Universe::heap()->barrier_set();
   }
@@ -167,10 +155,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-void ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(OopClosure* f) {
-  f->do_oop(adr_sentinel_ref());
-}
-
 void ReferenceProcessor::update_soft_ref_master_clock() {
   // Update (advance) the soft ref master clock field. This must be done
   // after processing the soft ref list.
@@ -283,8 +267,6 @@
   }
 #endif
   JNIHandles::weak_oops_do(is_alive, keep_alive);
-  // Finally remember to keep sentinel around
-  keep_alive->do_oop(adr_sentinel_ref());
   complete_gc->do_void();
 }
 
@@ -327,46 +309,77 @@
 void ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_reflist(DiscoveredList& refs_list,
                                                     HeapWord* pending_list_addr) {
   // Given a list of refs linked through the "discovered" field
-  // (java.lang.ref.Reference.discovered) chain them through the
-  // "next" field (java.lang.ref.Reference.next) and prepend
-  // to the pending list.
+  // (java.lang.ref.Reference.discovered), self-loop their "next" field
+  // thus distinguishing them from active References, then
+  // prepend them to the pending list.
+  // BKWRD COMPATIBILITY NOTE: For older JDKs (prior to the fix for 4956777),
+  // the "next" field is used to chain the pending list, not the discovered
+  // field.
+
   if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
     gclog_or_tty->print_cr("ReferenceProcessor::enqueue_discovered_reflist list "
                            INTPTR_FORMAT, (address)refs_list.head());
   }
-  oop obj = refs_list.head();
-  // Walk down the list, copying the discovered field into
-  // the next field and clearing it (except for the last
-  // non-sentinel object which is treated specially to avoid
-  // confusion with an active reference).
-  while (obj != sentinel_ref()) {
-    assert(obj->is_instanceRef(), "should be reference object");
-    oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
-    if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        obj " INTPTR_FORMAT "/next " INTPTR_FORMAT,
-                             obj, next);
+
+  oop obj = NULL;
+  oop next_d = refs_list.head();
+  if (pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) { // New behaviour
+    // Walk down the list, self-looping the next field
+    // so that the References are not considered active.
+    while (obj != next_d) {
+      obj = next_d;
+      assert(obj->is_instanceRef(), "should be reference object");
+      next_d = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+      if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
+        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        obj " INTPTR_FORMAT "/next_d " INTPTR_FORMAT,
+                               obj, next_d);
+      }
+      assert(java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj) == NULL,
+             "Reference not active; should not be discovered");
+      // Self-loop next, so as to make Ref not active.
+      java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, obj);
+      if (next_d == obj) {  // obj is last
+        // Swap refs_list into pendling_list_addr and
+        // set obj's discovered to what we read from pending_list_addr.
+        oop old = oopDesc::atomic_exchange_oop(refs_list.head(), pending_list_addr);
+        // Need oop_check on pending_list_addr above;
+        // see special oop-check code at the end of
+        // enqueue_discovered_reflists() further below.
+        java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(obj, old); // old may be NULL
+      }
     }
-    assert(java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj) == NULL,
-           "The reference should not be enqueued");
-    if (next == sentinel_ref()) {  // obj is last
-      // Swap refs_list into pendling_list_addr and
-      // set obj's next to what we read from pending_list_addr.
-      oop old = oopDesc::atomic_exchange_oop(refs_list.head(), pending_list_addr);
-      // Need oop_check on pending_list_addr above;
-      // see special oop-check code at the end of
-      // enqueue_discovered_reflists() further below.
-      if (old == NULL) {
-        // obj should be made to point to itself, since
-        // pending list was empty.
-        java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, obj);
+  } else { // Old behaviour
+    // Walk down the list, copying the discovered field into
+    // the next field and clearing the discovered field.
+    while (obj != next_d) {
+      obj = next_d;
+      assert(obj->is_instanceRef(), "should be reference object");
+      next_d = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+      if (TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
+        gclog_or_tty->print_cr("        obj " INTPTR_FORMAT "/next_d " INTPTR_FORMAT,
+                               obj, next_d);
+      }
+      assert(java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj) == NULL,
+             "The reference should not be enqueued");
+      if (next_d == obj) {  // obj is last
+        // Swap refs_list into pendling_list_addr and
+        // set obj's next to what we read from pending_list_addr.
+        oop old = oopDesc::atomic_exchange_oop(refs_list.head(), pending_list_addr);
+        // Need oop_check on pending_list_addr above;
+        // see special oop-check code at the end of
+        // enqueue_discovered_reflists() further below.
+        if (old == NULL) {
+          // obj should be made to point to itself, since
+          // pending list was empty.
+          java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, obj);
+        } else {
+          java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, old);
+        }
       } else {
-        java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, old);
+        java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, next_d);
       }
-    } else {
-      java_lang_ref_Reference::set_next(obj, next);
+      java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(obj, (oop) NULL);
     }
-    java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(obj, (oop) NULL);
-    obj = next;
   }
 }
 
@@ -376,10 +389,9 @@
   RefProcEnqueueTask(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,
                      DiscoveredList      discovered_refs[],
                      HeapWord*           pending_list_addr,
-                     oop                 sentinel_ref,
                      int                 n_queues)
     : EnqueueTask(ref_processor, discovered_refs,
-                  pending_list_addr, sentinel_ref, n_queues)
+                  pending_list_addr, n_queues)
   { }
 
   virtual void work(unsigned int work_id) {
@@ -396,7 +408,7 @@
          j++, index += _n_queues) {
       _ref_processor.enqueue_discovered_reflist(
         _refs_lists[index], _pending_list_addr);
-      _refs_lists[index].set_head(_sentinel_ref);
+      _refs_lists[index].set_head(NULL);
       _refs_lists[index].set_length(0);
     }
   }
@@ -408,13 +420,13 @@
   if (_processing_is_mt && task_executor != NULL) {
     // Parallel code
     RefProcEnqueueTask tsk(*this, _discoveredSoftRefs,
-                           pending_list_addr, sentinel_ref(), _max_num_q);
+                           pending_list_addr, _max_num_q);
     task_executor->execute(tsk);
   } else {
     // Serial code: call the parent class's implementation
     for (int i = 0; i < _max_num_q * subclasses_of_ref; i++) {
       enqueue_discovered_reflist(_discoveredSoftRefs[i], pending_list_addr);
-      _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_head(sentinel_ref());
+      _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_head(NULL);
       _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_length(0);
     }
   }
@@ -428,7 +440,7 @@
                                 BoolObjectClosure* is_alive);
 
   // End Of List.
-  inline bool has_next() const { return _next != ReferenceProcessor::sentinel_ref(); }
+  inline bool has_next() const { return _ref != NULL; }
 
   // Get oop to the Reference object.
   inline oop obj() const { return _ref; }
@@ -468,9 +480,13 @@
   inline void update_discovered() {
     // First _prev_next ref actually points into DiscoveredList (gross).
     if (UseCompressedOops) {
-      _keep_alive->do_oop((narrowOop*)_prev_next);
+      if (!oopDesc::is_null(*(narrowOop*)_prev_next)) {
+        _keep_alive->do_oop((narrowOop*)_prev_next);
+      }
     } else {
-      _keep_alive->do_oop((oop*)_prev_next);
+      if (!oopDesc::is_null(*(oop*)_prev_next)) {
+        _keep_alive->do_oop((oop*)_prev_next);
+      }
     }
   }
 
@@ -488,6 +504,7 @@
 private:
   DiscoveredList&    _refs_list;
   HeapWord*          _prev_next;
+  oop                _prev;
   oop                _ref;
   HeapWord*          _discovered_addr;
   oop                _next;
@@ -509,6 +526,7 @@
                                                       BoolObjectClosure* is_alive)
   : _refs_list(refs_list),
     _prev_next(refs_list.adr_head()),
+    _prev(NULL),
     _ref(refs_list.head()),
 #ifdef ASSERT
     _first_seen(refs_list.head()),
@@ -517,7 +535,7 @@
     _processed(0),
     _removed(0),
 #endif
-    _next(refs_list.head()),
+    _next(NULL),
     _keep_alive(keep_alive),
     _is_alive(is_alive)
 { }
@@ -544,26 +562,43 @@
 
 inline void DiscoveredListIterator::next() {
   _prev_next = _discovered_addr;
+  _prev = _ref;
   move_to_next();
 }
 
 inline void DiscoveredListIterator::remove() {
   assert(_ref->is_oop(), "Dropping a bad reference");
   oop_store_raw(_discovered_addr, NULL);
+
   // First _prev_next ref actually points into DiscoveredList (gross).
+  oop new_next;
+  if (_next == _ref) {
+    // At the end of the list, we should make _prev point to itself.
+    // If _ref is the first ref, then _prev_next will be in the DiscoveredList,
+    // and _prev will be NULL.
+    new_next = _prev;
+  } else {
+    new_next = _next;
+  }
+
   if (UseCompressedOops) {
     // Remove Reference object from list.
-    oopDesc::encode_store_heap_oop_not_null((narrowOop*)_prev_next, _next);
+    oopDesc::encode_store_heap_oop((narrowOop*)_prev_next, new_next);
   } else {
     // Remove Reference object from list.
-    oopDesc::store_heap_oop((oop*)_prev_next, _next);
+    oopDesc::store_heap_oop((oop*)_prev_next, new_next);
   }
   NOT_PRODUCT(_removed++);
   _refs_list.dec_length(1);
 }
 
 inline void DiscoveredListIterator::move_to_next() {
-  _ref = _next;
+  if (_ref == _next) {
+    // End of the list.
+    _ref = NULL;
+  } else {
+    _ref = _next;
+  }
   assert(_ref != _first_seen, "cyclic ref_list found");
   NOT_PRODUCT(_processed++);
 }
@@ -613,7 +648,7 @@
   NOT_PRODUCT(
     if (PrintGCDetails && TraceReferenceGC) {
       gclog_or_tty->print_cr(" Dropped %d dead Refs out of %d "
-        "discovered Refs by policy  list " INTPTR_FORMAT,
+        "discovered Refs by policy, from list " INTPTR_FORMAT,
         iter.removed(), iter.processed(), (address)refs_list.head());
     }
   )
@@ -725,24 +760,30 @@
     assert(iter.obj()->is_oop(UseConcMarkSweepGC), "Adding a bad reference");
     iter.next();
   }
-  // Remember to keep sentinel pointer around
+  // Remember to update the next pointer of the last ref.
   iter.update_discovered();
   // Close the reachable set
   complete_gc->do_void();
 }
 
 void
-ReferenceProcessor::abandon_partial_discovered_list(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {
-  oop obj = refs_list.head();
-  while (obj != sentinel_ref()) {
-    oop discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+ReferenceProcessor::clear_discovered_references(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {
+  oop obj = NULL;
+  oop next = refs_list.head();
+  while (next != obj) {
+    obj = next;
+    next = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
     java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered_raw(obj, NULL);
-    obj = discovered;
   }
-  refs_list.set_head(sentinel_ref());
+  refs_list.set_head(NULL);
   refs_list.set_length(0);
 }
 
+void
+ReferenceProcessor::abandon_partial_discovered_list(DiscoveredList& refs_list) {
+  clear_discovered_references(refs_list);
+}
+
 void ReferenceProcessor::abandon_partial_discovery() {
   // loop over the lists
   for (int i = 0; i < _max_num_q * subclasses_of_ref; i++) {
@@ -859,6 +900,9 @@
           refs_to_move = MIN2(ref_lists[from_idx].length() - avg_refs,
                               avg_refs - ref_lists[to_idx].length());
         }
+
+        assert(refs_to_move > 0, "otherwise the code below will fail");
+
         oop move_head = ref_lists[from_idx].head();
         oop move_tail = move_head;
         oop new_head  = move_head;
@@ -867,10 +911,24 @@
           move_tail = new_head;
           new_head = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(new_head);
         }
-        java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(move_tail, ref_lists[to_idx].head());
+
+        // Add the chain to the to list.
+        if (ref_lists[to_idx].head() == NULL) {
+          // to list is empty. Make a loop at the end.
+          java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(move_tail, move_tail);
+        } else {
+          java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(move_tail, ref_lists[to_idx].head());
+        }
         ref_lists[to_idx].set_head(move_head);
         ref_lists[to_idx].inc_length(refs_to_move);
-        ref_lists[from_idx].set_head(new_head);
+
+        // Remove the chain from the from list.
+        if (move_tail == new_head) {
+          // We found the end of the from list.
+          ref_lists[from_idx].set_head(NULL);
+        } else {
+          ref_lists[from_idx].set_head(new_head);
+        }
         ref_lists[from_idx].dec_length(refs_to_move);
         if (ref_lists[from_idx].length() == 0) {
           break;
@@ -1082,42 +1140,40 @@
   // First we must make sure this object is only enqueued once. CAS in a non null
   // discovered_addr.
   oop current_head = refs_list.head();
+  // The last ref must have its discovered field pointing to itself.
+  oop next_discovered = (current_head != NULL) ? current_head : obj;
 
   // Note: In the case of G1, this specific pre-barrier is strictly
   // not necessary because the only case we are interested in
   // here is when *discovered_addr is NULL (see the CAS further below),
   // so this will expand to nothing. As a result, we have manually
   // elided this out for G1, but left in the test for some future
-  // collector that might have need for a pre-barrier here.
-  if (_discovered_list_needs_barrier && !UseG1GC) {
-    if (UseCompressedOops) {
-      _bs->write_ref_field_pre((narrowOop*)discovered_addr, current_head);
-    } else {
-      _bs->write_ref_field_pre((oop*)discovered_addr, current_head);
-    }
-    guarantee(false, "Need to check non-G1 collector");
-  }
-  oop retest = oopDesc::atomic_compare_exchange_oop(current_head, discovered_addr,
+  // collector that might have need for a pre-barrier here, e.g.:-
+  // _bs->write_ref_field_pre((oop* or narrowOop*)discovered_addr, next_discovered);
+  assert(!_discovered_list_needs_barrier || UseG1GC,
+         "Need to check non-G1 collector: "
+         "may need a pre-write-barrier for CAS from NULL below");
+  oop retest = oopDesc::atomic_compare_exchange_oop(next_discovered, discovered_addr,
                                                     NULL);
   if (retest == NULL) {
     // This thread just won the right to enqueue the object.
-    // We have separate lists for enqueueing so no synchronization
+    // We have separate lists for enqueueing, so no synchronization
     // is necessary.
     refs_list.set_head(obj);
     refs_list.inc_length(1);
     if (_discovered_list_needs_barrier) {
-      _bs->write_ref_field((void*)discovered_addr, current_head);
+      _bs->write_ref_field((void*)discovered_addr, next_discovered);
     }
 
     if (TraceReferenceGC) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Enqueued reference (mt) (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Discovered reference (mt) (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
                              obj, obj->blueprint()->internal_name());
     }
   } else {
     // If retest was non NULL, another thread beat us to it:
     // The reference has already been discovered...
     if (TraceReferenceGC) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already enqueued reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
                              obj, obj->blueprint()->internal_name());
     }
   }
@@ -1142,7 +1198,7 @@
 //     (or part of the heap being collected, indicated by our "span"
 //     we don't treat it specially (i.e. we scan it as we would
 //     a normal oop, treating its references as strong references).
-//     This means that references can't be enqueued unless their
+//     This means that references can't be discovered unless their
 //     referent is also in the same span. This is the simplest,
 //     most "local" and most conservative approach, albeit one
 //     that may cause weak references to be enqueued least promptly.
@@ -1164,14 +1220,13 @@
 //     and complexity in processing these references.
 //     We call this choice the "RefeferentBasedDiscovery" policy.
 bool ReferenceProcessor::discover_reference(oop obj, ReferenceType rt) {
-  // We enqueue references only if we are discovering refs
-  // (rather than processing discovered refs).
+  // Make sure we are discovering refs (rather than processing discovered refs).
   if (!_discovering_refs || !RegisterReferences) {
     return false;
   }
-  // We only enqueue active references.
+  // We only discover active references.
   oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::next(obj);
-  if (next != NULL) {
+  if (next != NULL) {   // Ref is no longer active
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -1184,8 +1239,8 @@
     return false;
   }
 
-  // We only enqueue references whose referents are not (yet) strongly
-  // reachable.
+  // We only discover references whose referents are not (yet)
+  // known to be strongly reachable.
   if (is_alive_non_header() != NULL) {
     verify_referent(obj);
     if (is_alive_non_header()->do_object_b(java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(obj))) {
@@ -1211,7 +1266,7 @@
   if (discovered != NULL) {
     // The reference has already been discovered...
     if (TraceReferenceGC) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already enqueued reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Already discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
                              obj, obj->blueprint()->internal_name());
     }
     if (RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery) {
@@ -1233,9 +1288,9 @@
 
   if (RefDiscoveryPolicy == ReferentBasedDiscovery) {
     verify_referent(obj);
-    // enqueue if and only if either:
-    // reference is in our span or
-    // we are an atomic collector and referent is in our span
+    // Discover if and only if EITHER:
+    // .. reference is in our span, OR
+    // .. we are an atomic collector and referent is in our span
     if (_span.contains(obj_addr) ||
         (discovery_is_atomic() &&
          _span.contains(java_lang_ref_Reference::referent(obj)))) {
@@ -1262,30 +1317,28 @@
     // here: the field will be visited later when processing the discovered
     // references.
     oop current_head = list->head();
+    // The last ref must have its discovered field pointing to itself.
+    oop next_discovered = (current_head != NULL) ? current_head : obj;
+
     // As in the case further above, since we are over-writing a NULL
     // pre-value, we can safely elide the pre-barrier here for the case of G1.
+    // e.g.:- _bs->write_ref_field_pre((oop* or narrowOop*)discovered_addr, next_discovered);
     assert(discovered == NULL, "control point invariant");
-    if (_discovered_list_needs_barrier && !UseG1GC) { // safe to elide for G1
-      if (UseCompressedOops) {
-        _bs->write_ref_field_pre((narrowOop*)discovered_addr, current_head);
-      } else {
-        _bs->write_ref_field_pre((oop*)discovered_addr, current_head);
-      }
-      guarantee(false, "Need to check non-G1 collector");
-    }
-    oop_store_raw(discovered_addr, current_head);
+    assert(!_discovered_list_needs_barrier || UseG1GC,
+           "For non-G1 collector, may need a pre-write-barrier for CAS from NULL below");
+    oop_store_raw(discovered_addr, next_discovered);
     if (_discovered_list_needs_barrier) {
-      _bs->write_ref_field((void*)discovered_addr, current_head);
+      _bs->write_ref_field((void*)discovered_addr, next_discovered);
     }
     list->set_head(obj);
     list->inc_length(1);
 
     if (TraceReferenceGC) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Enqueued reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
+      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("Discovered reference (" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s)",
                                 obj, obj->blueprint()->internal_name());
     }
   }
-  assert(obj->is_oop(), "Enqueued a bad reference");
+  assert(obj->is_oop(), "Discovered a bad reference");
   verify_referent(obj);
   return true;
 }
@@ -1437,22 +1490,12 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-void ReferenceProcessor::verify() {
-  guarantee(sentinel_ref() != NULL && sentinel_ref()->is_oop(), "Lost _sentinelRef");
-}
-
 #ifndef PRODUCT
 void ReferenceProcessor::clear_discovered_references() {
   guarantee(!_discovering_refs, "Discovering refs?");
   for (int i = 0; i < _max_num_q * subclasses_of_ref; i++) {
-    oop obj = _discoveredSoftRefs[i].head();
-    while (obj != sentinel_ref()) {
-      oop next = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
-      java_lang_ref_Reference::set_discovered(obj, (oop) NULL);
-      obj = next;
-    }
-    _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_head(sentinel_ref());
-    _discoveredSoftRefs[i].set_length(0);
+    clear_discovered_references(_discoveredSoftRefs[i]);
   }
 }
+
 #endif // PRODUCT
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/referenceProcessor.hpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/referenceProcessor.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
 
 class ReferenceProcessor : public CHeapObj {
  protected:
-  // End of list marker
-  static oop  _sentinelRef;
+  // Compatibility with pre-4965777 JDK's
+  static bool _pending_list_uses_discovered_field;
   MemRegion   _span; // (right-open) interval of heap
                      // subject to wkref discovery
   bool        _discovering_refs;      // true when discovery enabled
@@ -106,8 +106,6 @@
   int max_num_q()                        { return _max_num_q; }
   void set_active_mt_degree(int v)       { _num_q = v; }
   DiscoveredList* discovered_soft_refs() { return _discoveredSoftRefs; }
-  static oop  sentinel_ref()             { return _sentinelRef; }
-  static oop* adr_sentinel_ref()         { return &_sentinelRef; }
   ReferencePolicy* setup_policy(bool always_clear) {
     _current_soft_ref_policy = always_clear ?
       _always_clear_soft_ref_policy : _default_soft_ref_policy;
@@ -115,7 +113,6 @@
     return _current_soft_ref_policy;
   }
 
- public:
   // Process references with a certain reachability level.
   void process_discovered_reflist(DiscoveredList               refs_lists[],
                                   ReferencePolicy*             policy,
@@ -230,6 +227,7 @@
                                         HeapWord* discovered_addr);
   void verify_ok_to_handle_reflists() PRODUCT_RETURN;
 
+  void clear_discovered_references(DiscoveredList& refs_list);
   void abandon_partial_discovered_list(DiscoveredList& refs_list);
 
   // Calculate the number of jni handles.
@@ -300,6 +298,13 @@
   bool discovery_is_atomic() const { return _discovery_is_atomic; }
   void set_atomic_discovery(bool atomic) { _discovery_is_atomic = atomic; }
 
+  // whether the JDK in which we are embedded is a pre-4965777 JDK,
+  // and thus whether or not it uses the discovered field to chain
+  // the entries in the pending list.
+  static bool pending_list_uses_discovered_field() {
+    return _pending_list_uses_discovered_field;
+  }
+
   // whether discovery is done by multiple threads same-old-timeously
   bool discovery_is_mt() const { return _discovery_is_mt; }
   void set_mt_discovery(bool mt) { _discovery_is_mt = mt; }
@@ -314,7 +319,6 @@
 
   // iterate over oops
   void weak_oops_do(OopClosure* f);       // weak roots
-  static void oops_do(OopClosure* f);     // strong root(s)
 
   // Balance each of the discovered lists.
   void balance_all_queues();
@@ -340,7 +344,6 @@
   // debugging
   void verify_no_references_recorded() PRODUCT_RETURN;
   void verify_referent(oop obj)        PRODUCT_RETURN;
-  static void verify();
 
   // clear the discovered lists (unlinking each entry).
   void clear_discovered_references() PRODUCT_RETURN;
@@ -524,12 +527,10 @@
   EnqueueTask(ReferenceProcessor& ref_processor,
               DiscoveredList      refs_lists[],
               HeapWord*           pending_list_addr,
-              oop                 sentinel_ref,
               int                 n_queues)
     : _ref_processor(ref_processor),
       _refs_lists(refs_lists),
       _pending_list_addr(pending_list_addr),
-      _sentinel_ref(sentinel_ref),
       _n_queues(n_queues)
   { }
 
@@ -540,7 +541,6 @@
   ReferenceProcessor& _ref_processor;
   DiscoveredList*     _refs_lists;
   HeapWord*           _pending_list_addr;
-  oop                 _sentinel_ref;
   int                 _n_queues;
 };
 
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/sharedHeap.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/memory/sharedHeap.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@
   assert(_strong_roots_parity != 0, "must have called prologue code");
   if (!_process_strong_tasks->is_task_claimed(SH_PS_Universe_oops_do)) {
     Universe::oops_do(roots);
-    ReferenceProcessor::oops_do(roots);
     // Consider perm-gen discovered lists to be strong.
     perm_gen()->ref_processor()->weak_oops_do(roots);
   }
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/oops/instanceRefKlass.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/oops/instanceRefKlass.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@
   if (!oopDesc::is_null(heap_oop)) {
     oop referent = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop_not_null(heap_oop);
     if (!referent->is_gc_marked() &&
-        MarkSweep::ref_processor()->
-          discover_reference(obj, ref->reference_type())) {
-      // reference already enqueued, referent will be traversed later
+        MarkSweep::ref_processor()->discover_reference(obj, ref->reference_type())) {
+      // reference was discovered, referent will be traversed later
       ref->instanceKlass::oop_follow_contents(obj);
       debug_only(
         if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
@@ -76,8 +75,34 @@
       MarkSweep::mark_and_push(referent_addr);
     }
   }
-  // treat next as normal oop.  next is a link in the pending list.
   T* next_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);
+  if (ReferenceProcessor::pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) {
+    // Treat discovered as normal oop, if ref is not "active",
+    // i.e. if next is non-NULL.
+    T  next_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    if (!oopDesc::is_null(next_oop)) { // i.e. ref is not "active"
+      T* discovered_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);
+      debug_only(
+        if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
+          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process discovered as normal "
+                                 INTPTR_FORMAT, discovered_addr);
+        }
+      )
+      MarkSweep::mark_and_push(discovered_addr);
+    }
+  } else {
+#ifdef ASSERT
+    // In the case of older JDKs which do not use the discovered
+    // field for the pending list, an inactive ref (next != NULL)
+    // must always have a NULL discovered field.
+    oop next = oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    oop discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+    assert(oopDesc::is_null(next) || oopDesc::is_null(discovered),
+           err_msg("Found an inactive reference " PTR_FORMAT " with a non-NULL discovered field",
+                   obj));
+#endif
+  }
+  // treat next as normal oop.  next is a link in the reference queue.
   debug_only(
     if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
       gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process next as normal " INTPTR_FORMAT, next_addr);
@@ -130,13 +155,33 @@
       PSParallelCompact::mark_and_push(cm, referent_addr);
     }
   }
-  // treat next as normal oop.  next is a link in the pending list.
   T* next_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);
-  debug_only(
-    if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
-      gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process next as normal " INTPTR_FORMAT, next_addr);
+  if (ReferenceProcessor::pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) {
+    // Treat discovered as normal oop, if ref is not "active",
+    // i.e. if next is non-NULL.
+    T  next_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    if (!oopDesc::is_null(next_oop)) { // i.e. ref is not "active"
+      T* discovered_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);
+      debug_only(
+        if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
+          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process discovered as normal "
+                                 INTPTR_FORMAT, discovered_addr);
+        }
+      )
+      PSParallelCompact::mark_and_push(cm, discovered_addr);
     }
-  )
+  } else {
+#ifdef ASSERT
+    // In the case of older JDKs which do not use the discovered
+    // field for the pending list, an inactive ref (next != NULL)
+    // must always have a NULL discovered field.
+    T next = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    oop discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+    assert(oopDesc::is_null(next) || oopDesc::is_null(discovered),
+           err_msg("Found an inactive reference " PTR_FORMAT " with a non-NULL discovered field",
+                   obj));
+#endif
+  }
   PSParallelCompact::mark_and_push(cm, next_addr);
   ref->instanceKlass::oop_follow_contents(cm, obj);
 }
@@ -197,27 +242,53 @@
 }
 
 #define InstanceRefKlass_SPECIALIZED_OOP_ITERATE(T, nv_suffix, contains)        \
+  T* disc_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);             \
   if (closure->apply_to_weak_ref_discovered_field()) {                          \
-    T* disc_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);           \
     closure->do_oop##nv_suffix(disc_addr);                                      \
   }                                                                             \
                                                                                 \
   T* referent_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::referent_addr(obj);           \
   T heap_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(referent_addr);                           \
-  if (!oopDesc::is_null(heap_oop) && contains(referent_addr)) {                 \
-    ReferenceProcessor* rp = closure->_ref_processor;                           \
+  ReferenceProcessor* rp = closure->_ref_processor;                             \
+  if (!oopDesc::is_null(heap_oop)) {                                            \
     oop referent = oopDesc::decode_heap_oop_not_null(heap_oop);                 \
     if (!referent->is_gc_marked() && (rp != NULL) &&                            \
         rp->discover_reference(obj, reference_type())) {                        \
       return size;                                                              \
-    } else {                                                                    \
+    } else if (contains(referent_addr)) {                                       \
       /* treat referent as normal oop */                                        \
       SpecializationStats::record_do_oop_call##nv_suffix(SpecializationStats::irk);\
       closure->do_oop##nv_suffix(referent_addr);                                \
     }                                                                           \
   }                                                                             \
+  T* next_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);                   \
+  if (ReferenceProcessor::pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) {               \
+    T next_oop  = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);                            \
+    /* Treat discovered as normal oop, if ref is not "active" (next non-NULL) */\
+    if (!oopDesc::is_null(next_oop) && contains(disc_addr)) {                   \
+        /* i.e. ref is not "active" */                                          \
+      debug_only(                                                               \
+        if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {                                \
+          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process discovered as normal "             \
+                                 INTPTR_FORMAT, disc_addr);                     \
+        }                                                                       \
+      )                                                                         \
+      SpecializationStats::record_do_oop_call##nv_suffix(SpecializationStats::irk);\
+      closure->do_oop##nv_suffix(disc_addr);                                    \
+    }                                                                           \
+  } else {                                                                      \
+    /* In the case of older JDKs which do not use the discovered field for  */  \
+    /* the pending list, an inactive ref (next != NULL) must always have a  */  \
+    /* NULL discovered field. */                                                \
+    debug_only(                                                                 \
+      T next_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);                           \
+      T disc_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(disc_addr);                           \
+      assert(oopDesc::is_null(next_oop) || oopDesc::is_null(disc_oop),          \
+           err_msg("Found an inactive reference " PTR_FORMAT " with a non-NULL" \
+                   "discovered field", obj));                                   \
+    )                                                                           \
+  }                                                                             \
   /* treat next as normal oop */                                                \
-  T* next_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);                   \
   if (contains(next_addr)) {                                                    \
     SpecializationStats::record_do_oop_call##nv_suffix(SpecializationStats::irk); \
     closure->do_oop##nv_suffix(next_addr);                                      \
@@ -306,8 +377,37 @@
       pm->claim_or_forward_depth(referent_addr);
     }
   }
-  // treat next as normal oop
+  // Treat discovered as normal oop, if ref is not "active",
+  // i.e. if next is non-NULL.
   T* next_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::next_addr(obj);
+  if (ReferenceProcessor::pending_list_uses_discovered_field()) {
+    T  next_oop = oopDesc::load_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    if (!oopDesc::is_null(next_oop)) { // i.e. ref is not "active"
+      T* discovered_addr = (T*)java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered_addr(obj);
+      debug_only(
+        if(TraceReferenceGC && PrintGCDetails) {
+          gclog_or_tty->print_cr("   Process discovered as normal "
+                                 INTPTR_FORMAT, discovered_addr);
+        }
+      )
+      if (PSScavenge::should_scavenge(discovered_addr)) {
+        pm->claim_or_forward_depth(discovered_addr);
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+#ifdef ASSERT
+    // In the case of older JDKs which do not use the discovered
+    // field for the pending list, an inactive ref (next != NULL)
+    // must always have a NULL discovered field.
+    oop next = oopDesc::load_decode_heap_oop(next_addr);
+    oop discovered = java_lang_ref_Reference::discovered(obj);
+    assert(oopDesc::is_null(next) || oopDesc::is_null(discovered),
+           err_msg("Found an inactive reference " PTR_FORMAT " with a non-NULL discovered field",
+                   obj));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // Treat next as normal oop;  next is a link in the reference queue.
   if (PSScavenge::should_scavenge(next_addr)) {
     pm->claim_or_forward_depth(next_addr);
   }
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/jvm.h	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/prims/jvm.h	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -1579,7 +1579,8 @@
      */
     unsigned int thread_park_blocker : 1;
     unsigned int post_vm_init_hook_enabled : 1;
-    unsigned int : 30;
+    unsigned int pending_list_uses_discovered_field : 1;
+    unsigned int : 29;
     unsigned int : 32;
     unsigned int : 32;
 } jdk_version_info;
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/java.cpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/java.cpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -672,7 +672,8 @@
     _current = JDK_Version(major, minor, micro, info.update_version,
                            info.special_update_version, build,
                            info.thread_park_blocker == 1,
-                           info.post_vm_init_hook_enabled == 1);
+                           info.post_vm_init_hook_enabled == 1,
+                           info.pending_list_uses_discovered_field == 1);
   }
 }
 
--- a/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/java.hpp	Thu Sep 08 06:36:31 2011 -0700
+++ b/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/java.hpp	Fri Sep 09 14:44:43 2011 +0200
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@
   bool _partially_initialized;
 
   bool _thread_park_blocker;
+  bool _pending_list_uses_discovered_field;
   bool _post_vm_init_hook_enabled;
 
   bool is_valid() const {
@@ -114,15 +115,18 @@
 
   JDK_Version() : _major(0), _minor(0), _micro(0), _update(0),
                   _special(0), _build(0), _partially_initialized(false),
-                  _thread_park_blocker(false), _post_vm_init_hook_enabled(false) {}
+                  _thread_park_blocker(false), _post_vm_init_hook_enabled(false),
+                  _pending_list_uses_discovered_field(false) {}
 
   JDK_Version(uint8_t major, uint8_t minor = 0, uint8_t micro = 0,
               uint8_t update = 0, uint8_t special = 0, uint8_t build = 0,
-              bool thread_park_blocker = false, bool post_vm_init_hook_enabled = false) :
+              bool thread_park_blocker = false, bool post_vm_init_hook_enabled = false,
+              bool pending_list_uses_discovered_field = false) :
       _major(major), _minor(minor), _micro(micro), _update(update),
       _special(special), _build(build), _partially_initialized(false),
       _thread_park_blocker(thread_park_blocker),
-      _post_vm_init_hook_enabled(post_vm_init_hook_enabled) {}
+      _post_vm_init_hook_enabled(post_vm_init_hook_enabled),
+      _pending_list_uses_discovered_field(pending_list_uses_discovered_field) {}
 
   // Returns the current running JDK version
   static JDK_Version current() { return _current; }
@@ -149,6 +153,10 @@
   bool post_vm_init_hook_enabled() const {
     return _post_vm_init_hook_enabled;
   }
+  // For compatibility wrt pre-4965777 JDK's
+  bool pending_list_uses_discovered_field() const {
+    return _pending_list_uses_discovered_field;
+  }
 
   // Performs a full ordering comparison using all fields (update, build, etc.)
   int compare(const JDK_Version& other) const;