/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */
package java.util;

import java.util.function.DoubleConsumer;
import java.util.stream.Collector;

/**
 * A state object for collecting statistics such as count, min, max, sum, and
 * average.
 *
 * <p>This class is designed to work with (though does not require)
 * {@linkplain java.util.stream streams}. For example, you can compute
 * summary statistics on a stream of doubles with:
 * <pre> {@code
 * DoubleSummaryStatistics stats = doubleStream.collect(DoubleSummaryStatistics::new,
 *                                                      DoubleSummaryStatistics::accept,
 *                                                      DoubleSummaryStatistics::combine);
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>{@code DoubleSummaryStatistics} can be used as a
 * {@linkplain java.util.stream.Stream#collect(Collector) reduction}
 * target for a {@linkplain java.util.stream.Stream stream}. For example:
 *
 * <pre> {@code
 * DoubleSummaryStatistics stats = people.stream()
 *     .collect(Collectors.summarizingDouble(Person::getWeight));
 *}</pre>
 *
 * This computes, in a single pass, the count of people, as well as the minimum,
 * maximum, sum, and average of their weights.
 *
 * @implNote This implementation is not thread safe. However, it is safe to use
 * {@link java.util.stream.Collectors#summarizingDouble(java.util.function.ToDoubleFunction)
 * Collectors.summarizingDouble()} on a parallel stream, because the parallel
 * implementation of {@link java.util.stream.Stream#collect Stream.collect()}
 * provides the necessary partitioning, isolation, and merging of results for
 * safe and efficient parallel execution.
 * @since 1.8
 */
public class DoubleSummaryStatistics implements DoubleConsumer {
    private long count;
    private double sum;
    private double sumCompensation; // Low order bits of sum
    private double simpleSum; // Used to compute right sum for non-finite inputs
    private double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
    private double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;

    /**
     * Construct an empty instance with zero count, zero sum,
     * {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY} min, {@code Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY}
     * max and zero average.
     */
    public DoubleSummaryStatistics() { }

    /**
     * Records another value into the summary information.
     *
     * @param value the input value
     */
    @Override
    public void accept(double value) {
        ++count;
        simpleSum += value;
        sumWithCompensation(value);
        min = Math.min(min, value);
        max = Math.max(max, value);
    }

    /**
     * Combines the state of another {@code DoubleSummaryStatistics} into this
     * one.
     *
     * @param other another {@code DoubleSummaryStatistics}
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code other} is null
     */
    public void combine(DoubleSummaryStatistics other) {
        count += other.count;
        simpleSum += other.simpleSum;
        sumWithCompensation(other.sum);
        sumWithCompensation(other.sumCompensation);
        min = Math.min(min, other.min);
        max = Math.max(max, other.max);
    }

    /**
     * Incorporate a new double value using Kahan summation /
     * compensated summation.
     */
    private void sumWithCompensation(double value) {
        double tmp = value - sumCompensation;
        double velvel = sum + tmp; // Little wolf of rounding error
        sumCompensation = (velvel - sum) - tmp;
        sum = velvel;
    }

    /**
     * Return the count of values recorded.
     *
     * @return the count of values
     */
    public final long getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the sum of values recorded, or zero if no values have been
     * recorded.
     *
     * <p> The value of a floating-point sum is a function both of the
     * input values as well as the order of addition operations. The
     * order of addition operations of this method is intentionally
     * not defined to allow for implementation flexibility to improve
     * the speed and accuracy of the computed result.
     *
     * In particular, this method may be implemented using compensated
     * summation or other technique to reduce the error bound in the
     * numerical sum compared to a simple summation of {@code double}
     * values.
     *
     * Because of the unspecified order of operations and the
     * possibility of using differing summation schemes, the output of
     * this method may vary on the same input values.
     *
     * <p>Various conditions can result in a non-finite sum being
     * computed. This can occur even if the all the recorded values
     * being summed are finite. If any recorded value is non-finite,
     * the sum will be non-finite:
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>If any recorded value is a NaN, then the final sum will be
     * NaN.
     *
     * <li>If the recorded values contain one or more infinities, the
     * sum will be infinite or NaN.
     *
     * <ul>
     *
     * <li>If the recorded values contain infinities of opposite sign,
     * the sum will be NaN.
     *
     * <li>If the recorded values contain infinities of one sign and
     * an intermediate sum overflows to an infinity of the opposite
     * sign, the sum may be NaN.
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * </ul>
     *
     * It is possible for intermediate sums of finite values to
     * overflow into opposite-signed infinities; if that occurs, the
     * final sum will be NaN even if the recorded values are all
     * finite.
     *
     * If all the recorded values are zero, the sign of zero is
     * <em>not</em> guaranteed to be preserved in the final sum.
     *
     * @apiNote Values sorted by increasing absolute magnitude tend to yield
     * more accurate results.
     *
     * @return the sum of values, or zero if none
     */
    public final double getSum() {
        // Better error bounds to add both terms as the final sum
        double tmp =  sum + sumCompensation;
        if (Double.isNaN(tmp) && Double.isInfinite(simpleSum))
            // If the compensated sum is spuriously NaN from
            // accumulating one or more same-signed infinite values,
            // return the correctly-signed infinity stored in
            // simpleSum.
            return simpleSum;
        else
            return tmp;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the minimum recorded value, {@code Double.NaN} if any recorded
     * value was NaN or {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY} if no values were
     * recorded. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method
     * considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.
     *
     * @return the minimum recorded value, {@code Double.NaN} if any recorded
     * value was NaN or {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY} if no values were
     * recorded
     */
    public final double getMin() {
        return min;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum recorded value, {@code Double.NaN} if any recorded
     * value was NaN or {@code Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY} if no values were
     * recorded. Unlike the numerical comparison operators, this method
     * considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.
     *
     * @return the maximum recorded value, {@code Double.NaN} if any recorded
     * value was NaN or {@code Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY} if no values were
     * recorded
     */
    public final double getMax() {
        return max;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the arithmetic mean of values recorded, or zero if no
     * values have been recorded.
     *
     * <p> The computed average can vary numerically and have the
     * special case behavior as computing the sum; see {@link #getSum}
     * for details.
     *
     * @apiNote Values sorted by increasing absolute magnitude tend to yield
     * more accurate results.
     *
     * @return the arithmetic mean of values, or zero if none
     */
    public final double getAverage() {
        return getCount() > 0 ? getSum() / getCount() : 0.0d;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *
     * Returns a non-empty string representation of this object suitable for
     * debugging. The exact presentation format is unspecified and may vary
     * between implementations and versions.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format(
            "%s{count=%d, sum=%f, min=%f, average=%f, max=%f}",
            this.getClass().getSimpleName(),
            getCount(),
            getSum(),
            getMin(),
            getAverage(),
            getMax());
    }
}