6746754: jmx namespace: test for leading separator missing
6669137: RFE: InstanceNotFoundException should have a constructor that takes an ObjectName
6746796: jmx namespaces: Several tests are missing an @bug or @run keyword
Summary: Note on 6669137: first implementation of 6669137 was actually pushed with 5072476 - here we only have a small update and a test case. Also re-fixes 6737133: Compilation failure of test/javax/management/eventService/LeaseManagerDeadlockTest.java which had failed.
Reviewed-by: emcmanus, yjoan
/*
* Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
* CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
* have any questions.
*/
/*
* @test JMXNamespacesTest.java
* @summary Test the static method that rewrite ObjectNames in JMXNamespacesTest
* @author Daniel Fuchs
* @bug 5072476
* @run clean JMXNamespacesTest
* @compile -XDignore.symbol.file=true JMXNamespacesTest.java
* @run main JMXNamespacesTest
*/
import com.sun.jmx.namespace.ObjectNameRouter;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException;
import javax.management.ObjectName;
import javax.management.namespace.JMXNamespaces;
/**
* Class JMXNamespacesTest
* @author Sun Microsystems, 2005 - All rights reserved.
*/
public class JMXNamespacesTest {
/**
* A logger for this class.
**/
private static final Logger LOG =
Logger.getLogger(JMXNamespacesTest.class.getName());
/** Creates a new instance of JMXNamespacesTest */
public JMXNamespacesTest() {
}
public static class CustomObject implements Serializable {
ObjectName toto;
String titi;
CustomObject(String toto, String titi) {
try {
this.toto = new ObjectName(toto);
} catch (MalformedObjectNameException m) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(m);
}
this.titi = titi;
}
private Object[] data() {
return new Object[] {toto, titi};
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object other) {
if (! (other instanceof CustomObject)) return false;
return Arrays.deepEquals(data(),((CustomObject)other).data());
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Arrays.deepHashCode(data());
}
}
public static CustomObject obj(String toto, String titi) {
return new CustomObject(toto,titi);
}
private static String failure;
public static void testDeepRewrite() throws Exception {
failure = null;
String s1 = "x//y//d:k=v";
String s2 = "v//w//x//y//d:k=v";
String p1 = "v//w";
String p3 = "a//b";
System.out.println("inserting "+p1);
final CustomObject foo1 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s1,s1),"",p1);
assertEquals(foo1.toto.toString(),p1+"//"+s1);
assertEquals(foo1.titi,s1);
System.out.println("removing "+p1);
final CustomObject foo2 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s2,s2),p1,"");
assertEquals(foo2.toto.toString(),s1);
assertEquals(foo2.titi,s2);
System.out.println("removing "+p1);
final CustomObject foo3 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(p1+"//"+s2,s2),p1,"");
assertEquals(foo3.toto.toString(),s2);
assertEquals(foo3.titi,s2);
System.out.println("replacing "+p1+" with "+p3);
final CustomObject foo4 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s2,s2),p1,p3);
assertEquals(foo4.toto.toString(),p3+"//"+s1);
assertEquals(foo4.titi,s2);
System.out.println("replacing "+p1+" with "+p1);
final CustomObject foo5 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s2,s2),p1,p1);
assertEquals(foo5.toto.toString(),s2);
assertEquals(foo5.titi,s2);
System.out.println("removing x//y in "+s2);
try {
final CustomObject foo7 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s2,s2),"x//y","");
failed("Remove x//y in "+s2+" should have failed!");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException x) {
System.out.println("Received expected exception: "+x);
}
System.out.println("replacing x//y with "+p3+" in "+s2);
try {
final CustomObject foo7 =
JMXNamespaces.deepReplaceHeadNamespace(obj(s2,s2),"x//y",p3);
failed("Replace x//y in "+s2+" should have failed!");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException x) {
System.out.println("Received expected exception: "+x);
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
}
private static String[][] wildcards = {
{ "", "*:*" },
{ "//", "//*:*" },
{ "foo", "foo//*:*" },
{ "//foo", "//foo//*:*" },
{ "////foo", "//foo//*:*" },
{ "foo//", "foo//*:*" },
{ "foo////", "foo//*:*" },
{ "//foo//", "//foo//*:*" },
{ "////foo//", "//foo//*:*" },
{ "////foo////", "//foo//*:*" },
{ "foo//bar", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "//foo//bar", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo//bar", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo//bar//", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo//bar////", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "//foo//bar//", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo//bar//", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo//bar////", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo////bar", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "//foo////bar", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo////bar", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo////bar//", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo////bar////", "foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "//foo////bar//", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo////bar//", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo////bar////", "//foo//bar//*:*" },
{ "fo/o", "fo/o//*:*" },
{ "//f/oo", "//f/oo//*:*" },
{ "////f/o/o", "//f/o/o//*:*" },
{ "fo/o//", "fo/o//*:*" },
{ "f/oo////", "f/oo//*:*" },
{ "//fo/o//", "//fo/o//*:*" },
{ "////f/oo//", "//f/oo//*:*" },
{ "////f/o/o////", "//f/o/o//*:*" },
{ "foo//b/a/r", "foo//b/a/r//*:*" },
{ "//fo/o//bar", "//fo/o//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo//b/ar", "//foo//b/ar//*:*" },
{ "foo//ba/r//", "foo//ba/r//*:*" },
{ "f/oo//bar////", "f/oo//bar//*:*" },
{ "//f/o/o//bar//", "//f/o/o//bar//*:*" },
{ "////foo//b/a/r//", "//foo//b/a/r//*:*" },
{ "////f/o/o//b/a/r////", "//f/o/o//b/a/r//*:*" },
{ "foo////ba/r", "foo//ba/r//*:*" },
{ "//foo////b/ar", "//foo//b/ar//*:*" },
{ "////f/oo////bar", "//f/oo//bar//*:*" },
{ "fo/o////bar//", "fo/o//bar//*:*" },
{ "foo////ba/r////", "foo//ba/r//*:*" },
{ "//fo/o////ba/r//", "//fo/o//ba/r//*:*" },
{ "////f/oo////b/ar//", "//f/oo//b/ar//*:*" },
{ "////f/o/o////b/a/r////", "//f/o/o//b/a/r//*:*" },
};
private final static String[] badguys = {
null,
"/", "/*:*",
"///", "///*:*" ,
"/foo", "/foo//*:*",
"//foo/", "//foo///*:*" ,
"/////foo", "///foo//*:*",
"/foo//", "/foo//*:*",
"foo/////", "foo///*:*",
"///foo//", "///foo//*:*",
"////foo///", "//foo///*:*" ,
"/////foo/////", "///foo///*:*",
"/foo//bar", "/foo//bar//*:*",
"//foo///bar", "//foo///bar//*:*",
"/////foo////bar/", "///foo//bar///*:*",
"foo///bar//", "foo//bar///*:*",
"foo//bar/////", "foo///bar//*:*",
"///foo//bar//", "//foo///bar//*:*" ,
};
public static void testWildcard() throws Exception {
int i = 0;
for (String[] pair : wildcards) {
i++;
final String msg = "testWildcard[good,"+i+"] "+Arrays.asList(pair)+": ";
assertEquals(msg, new ObjectName(pair[1]),
JMXNamespaces.getWildcardFor(pair[0]));
}
i=0;
for (String bad : badguys) {
i++;
try {
JMXNamespaces.getWildcardFor(bad);
failed("testWildcard[bad,"+i+"] "+bad+" incorrectly accepted. " +
"IllegalArgumentException was expected");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException x) {
// OK
}
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
}
private static String[][] goodinsert = {
{"","d:k=v","d:k=v"},
{"","//d:k=v","//d:k=v"},
{"//","d:k=v","//d:k=v"},
{"//","//d:k=v","//d:k=v"},
{"//","a//d:k=v","//a//d:k=v"},
{"//","//a//d:k=v","//a//d:k=v"},
{"//","////a////d:k=v","//a//d:k=v"},
{"//b","////a////d:k=v","//b//a//d:k=v"},
{"b","////a////d:k=v","b//a//d:k=v"},
{"b","d:k=v","b//d:k=v"},
{"b//","d:k=v","b//d:k=v"},
{"//b//","d:k=v","//b//d:k=v"},
{"//b","////a////d:k=v","//b//a//d:k=v"},
{"b//c","////a////d:k=v","b//c//a//d:k=v"},
{"b//c","d:k=v","b//c//d:k=v"},
{"b//c//","d:k=v","b//c//d:k=v"},
{"//b//c//","d:k=v","//b//c//d:k=v"},
{"","/d:k=v","/d:k=v"},
{"","///d:k=v","///d:k=v"},
{"//","/d:k=v","///d:k=v"},
{"//","///d:k=v","///d:k=v"},
{"//","a///d:k=v","//a///d:k=v"},
{"//","//a///d:k=v","//a///d:k=v"},
{"//","////a////d/:k=v","//a//d/:k=v"},
{"//b","////a/////d:k=v","//b//a///d:k=v"},
{"b","////a////d/:k=v","b//a//d/:k=v"},
{"b","/d:k=v","b///d:k=v"},
{"b//","/d:k=v","b///d:k=v"},
{"//b//","/d:k=v","//b///d:k=v"},
{"//b","////a/////d:k=v","//b//a///d:k=v"},
{"b//c","////a/////d:k=v","b//c//a///d:k=v"},
{"b//c","/d:k=v","b//c///d:k=v"},
{"b//c//","/d:k=v","b//c///d:k=v"},
{"//b//c//","d/:k=v","//b//c//d/:k=v"},
};
private static String[][] badinsert = {
{"/","d:k=v"},
{"/","//d:k=v"},
{"///","d:k=v"},
{"///","//d:k=v"},
{"///","/a//d:k=v"},
{"///","///a//d:k=v"},
{"///","/////a////d:k=v"},
{"//b","/////a////d:k=v"},
{"b/","////a////d:k=v"},
{"b/","d:k=v"},
{"b///","d:k=v"},
{"//b///","d:k=v"},
{"//b/","////a////d:k=v"},
{"b///c","////a////d:k=v"},
{"b//c/","d:k=v"},
{"b///c//","d:k=v"},
{"//b///c//","d:k=v"},
};
public static void testInsertPath() throws Exception {
int i = 0;
for (String[] pair : goodinsert) {
i++;
final String msg = "testInsertPath[good,"+i+"] "+Arrays.asList(pair)+": ";
assertEquals(msg,new ObjectName(pair[2]),
JMXNamespaces.insertPath(pair[0],
new ObjectName(pair[1])));
}
i=0;
for (String[] bad : badinsert) {
i++;
try {
JMXNamespaces.insertPath(bad[0],
new ObjectName(bad[1]));
failed("testInsertPath[bad,"+i+"] "+
Arrays.asList(bad)+" incorrectly accepted. " +
"IllegalArgumentException was expected");
} catch (IllegalArgumentException x) {
// OK
}
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
}
private static String[][] testpath = {
{"/a/a/:k=v",""},
{"/:k=v",""},
{"bli:k=v",""},
{"///a/a/:k=v",""},
{"///:k=v",""},
{"//bli:k=v",""},
{"/////a/a/:k=v",""},
{"/////:k=v",""},
{"////bli:k=v",""},
{"y///a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"y///:k=v","y"},
{"y//bli:k=v","y"},
{"y/////a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"y/////:k=v","y"},
{"y////bli:k=v","y"},
{"//y///a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"//y///:k=v","y"},
{"//y//bli:k=v","y"},
{"//y/////a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"//y/////:k=v","y"},
{"//y////bli:k=v","y"},
{"////y///a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"////y///:k=v","y"},
{"////y//bli:k=v","y"},
{"////y/////a/a/:k=v","y"},
{"////y/////:k=v","y"},
{"////y////bli:k=v","y"},
{"z//y///a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"z//y///:k=v","z//y"},
{"z//y//bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"z//y/////a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"z//y/////:k=v","z//y"},
{"z//y////bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y///a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y///:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y//bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y/////a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y/////:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z//y////bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y///a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y///:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y//bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y/////a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y/////:k=v","z//y"},
{"z////y////bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y///a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y///:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y//bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y/////a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y/////:k=v","z//y"},
{"//z////y////bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y///a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y///:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y//bli:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y/////a/a/:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y/////:k=v","z//y"},
{"////z////y////bli:k=v","z//y"},
};
public static void testGetNormalizedPath() throws Exception {
int i = 0;
for (String[] pair : testpath) {
i++;
final String msg = "testGetNormalizedPath["+i+"] "+Arrays.asList(pair)+": ";
assertEquals(msg,pair[1],
JMXNamespaces.getContainingNamespace(new ObjectName(pair[0])));
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
}
private static String[][] testdomain = {
{"/a/a/","/a/a/"},
{"/","/"},
{"bli","bli"},
{"///a/a/","///a/a/"},
{"///","///"},
{"//bli","//bli"},
{"/////a/a/","///a/a/"},
{"/////","///"},
{"////bli","//bli"},
{"y///a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"y///","y///"},
{"y//bli","y//bli"},
{"y/////a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"y/////","y///"},
{"y////bli","y//bli"},
{"//y///a/a/","//y///a/a/"},
{"//y///","//y///"},
{"//y//bli","//y//bli"},
{"//y/////a/a/","//y///a/a/"},
{"//y/////","//y///"},
{"//y////bli","//y//bli"},
{"////y///a/a/","//y///a/a/"},
{"////y///","//y///"},
{"////y//bli","//y//bli"},
{"////y/////a/a/","//y///a/a/"},
{"////y/////","//y///"},
{"////y////bli","//y//bli"},
{"z//y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z//y///","z//y///"},
{"z//y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"z//y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z//y/////","z//y///"},
{"z//y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z//y///a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z//y///","//z//y///"},
{"//z//y//bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"//z//y/////a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z//y/////","//z//y///"},
{"//z//y////bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"z////y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z////y///","z//y///"},
{"z////y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"z////y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z////y/////","z//y///"},
{"z////y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z////y///a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z////y///","//z//y///"},
{"//z////y//bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"//z////y/////a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z////y/////","//z//y///"},
{"//z////y////bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"////z////y///a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"////z////y///","//z//y///"},
{"////z////y//bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"////z////y/////a/a/","//z//y///a/a/"},
{"////z////y/////","//z//y///"},
{"////z////y////bli","//z//y//bli"},
{"bli//","bli//"},
{"//bli//","//bli//"},
{"////bli//","//bli//"},
{"y////","y//"},
{"y//bli//","y//bli//"},
{"y////","y//"},
{"y////bli//","y//bli//"},
{"//y////","//y//"},
{"//y//bli//","//y//bli//"},
{"//y//////","//y//"},
{"//y////bli//","//y//bli//"},
{"////y////","//y//"},
{"////y//bli////","//y//bli//"},
{"////y//////","//y//"},
{"////y////bli////","//y//bli//"},
{"z//y////","z//y//"},
{"z//y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"z//y//////","z//y//"},
{"z//y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z//y////","//z//y//"},
{"//z//y//bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
{"//z//y//////","//z//y//"},
{"//z//y////bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
{"z////y////","z//y//"},
{"z////y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"z////y//////","z//y//"},
{"z////y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z////y////","//z//y//"},
{"//z////y//bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
{"//z////y//////","//z//y//"},
{"//z////y////bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
{"////z////y////","//z//y//"},
{"////z////y//bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
{"////z////y//////","//z//y//"},
{"////z////y////bli//","//z//y//bli//"},
};
private static String[][] testnolead = {
{"/a/a/","/a/a/"},
{"/","/"},
{"bli","bli"},
{"///a/a/","/a/a/"},
{"///","/"},
{"//bli","bli"},
{"/////a/a/","/a/a/"},
{"/////","/"},
{"////bli","bli"},
{"y///a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"y///","y///"},
{"y//bli","y//bli"},
{"y/////a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"y/////","y///"},
{"y////bli","y//bli"},
{"//y///a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"//y///","y///"},
{"//y//bli","y//bli"},
{"//y/////a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"//y/////","y///"},
{"//y////bli","y//bli"},
{"////y///a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"////y///","y///"},
{"////y//bli","y//bli"},
{"////y/////a/a/","y///a/a/"},
{"////y/////","y///"},
{"////y////bli","y//bli"},
{"z//y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z//y///","z//y///"},
{"z//y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"z//y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z//y/////","z//y///"},
{"z//y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z//y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z//y///","z//y///"},
{"//z//y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z//y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z//y/////","z//y///"},
{"//z//y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"z////y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z////y///","z//y///"},
{"z////y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"z////y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"z////y/////","z//y///"},
{"z////y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z////y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z////y///","z//y///"},
{"//z////y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"//z////y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"//z////y/////","z//y///"},
{"//z////y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"////z////y///a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"////z////y///","z//y///"},
{"////z////y//bli","z//y//bli"},
{"////z////y/////a/a/","z//y///a/a/"},
{"////z////y/////","z//y///"},
{"////z////y////bli","z//y//bli"},
{"bli//","bli//"},
{"//bli//","bli//"},
{"////bli//","bli//"},
{"y////","y//"},
{"y//bli//","y//bli//"},
{"y////","y//"},
{"y////bli//","y//bli//"},
{"//y////","y//"},
{"//y//bli//","y//bli//"},
{"//y//////","y//"},
{"//y////bli//","y//bli//"},
{"////y////","y//"},
{"////y//bli////","y//bli//"},
{"////y//////","y//"},
{"////y////bli////","y//bli//"},
{"z//y////","z//y//"},
{"z//y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"z//y//////","z//y//"},
{"z//y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z//y////","z//y//"},
{"//z//y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z//y//////","z//y//"},
{"//z//y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"z////y////","z//y//"},
{"z////y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"z////y//////","z//y//"},
{"z////y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z////y////","z//y//"},
{"//z////y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"//z////y//////","z//y//"},
{"//z////y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"////z////y////","z//y//"},
{"////z////y//bli//","z//y//bli//"},
{"////z////y//////","z//y//"},
{"////z////y////bli//","z//y//bli//"},
};
public static void testNormalizeDomain() throws Exception {
int i = 0;
for (String[] pair : testdomain) {
i++;
final String msg = "testNormalizeDomain["+i+", false] "+Arrays.asList(pair)+": ";
assertEquals(msg,pair[1],
ObjectNameRouter.normalizeDomain(pair[0],false));
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
i = 0;
for (String[] pair : testnolead) {
i++;
final String msg = "testNormalizeDomain["+i+", true] "+Arrays.asList(pair)+": ";
assertEquals(msg,pair[1],
ObjectNameRouter.normalizeDomain(pair[0],true));
}
if (failure != null) throw new Exception(failure);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
testDeepRewrite();
testNormalizeDomain();
testInsertPath();
testWildcard();
testGetNormalizedPath();
}
private static void assertEquals(Object x, Object y) {
assertEquals("",x,y);
}
private static void assertEquals(String msg, Object x, Object y) {
if (msg == null) msg="";
if (!equal(x, y))
failed(msg+"expected " + string(x) + "; got " + string(y));
}
private static boolean equal(Object x, Object y) {
if (x == y)
return true;
if (x == null || y == null)
return false;
if (x.getClass().isArray())
return Arrays.deepEquals(new Object[] {x}, new Object[] {y});
return x.equals(y);
}
private static String string(Object x) {
String s = Arrays.deepToString(new Object[] {x});
return s.substring(1, s.length() - 1);
}
private static void failed(String why) {
failure = why;
new Throwable("FAILED: " + why).printStackTrace(System.out);
}
}