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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
# published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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# This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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# version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
# 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
# Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
#
# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
# questions.
#
# <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
#
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
# I found in the UCLA library.
#
# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
#
# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
#
# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
# but Mark R V Murray reports that
# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
#
# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
#
# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
# until we get more information.
#
# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
# Algeria
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
1:00 - CET
# Angola
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892
0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time
1:00 - WAT
# Benin
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
1:00 - WAT
# Botswana
# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
2:00 - CAT
# Burkina Faso
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
# Burundi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890
2:00 - CAT
# Cameroon
# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Cape Verde
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
-2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
-2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
-2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
-1:00 - CVT
# Central African Republic
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Chad
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
1:00 - WAT
# Comoros
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
3:00 - EAT
# Democratic Republic of Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
1:00 - WAT
Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9
2:00 - CAT
# Republic of the Congo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Cote D'Ivoire
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT
# Djibouti
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul
3:00 - EAT
###############################################################################
# Egypt
# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
#
# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
# </a>
Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 -
# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 -
# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
#
# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Apr 23
# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
# Apr 24
# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
# Aug 27
# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
#
# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
# :59)
# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
#
# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
#
# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
# </a>
# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
# </a>
# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
# in September.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
# Information and Decision Support Center:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
# </a>
#
# The Middle East News Agency
# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
# </a>
# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
# (at least today).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
# Ramadan.
#
# Arabic translation:
# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
# </a>
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
# </a>
Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 -
Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Egypt EE%sT
# Equatorial Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15
1:00 - WAT
# Eritrea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870
2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Ethiopia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870
2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT
3:00 - EAT
# Gabon
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912
1:00 - WAT
# Gambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912
-1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-1:00 - WAT 1964
0:00 - GMT
# Ghana
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
0:00 Ghana %s
# Guinea
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960
0:00 - GMT
# Guinea-Bissau
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26
-1:00 - WAT 1975
0:00 - GMT
# Kenya
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1940
2:45 - BEAUT 1960
3:00 - EAT
# Lesotho
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00
2:00 - SAST
# Liberia
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
-0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
0:00 - GMT
###############################################################################
# Libya
# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
#
# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
#
# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
# lastFri instead of lastSun).
# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
# cancelled yesterday....
# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
2:00 - EET 1982
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
2:00 - EET
# Madagascar
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s
3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
3:00 - EAT
# Malawi
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Mali
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20
0:00 - GMT
# Mauritania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912
0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26
-1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28
0:00 - GMT
# Mauritius
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
# basis....
# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
# According to
# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
# </a>
# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
#
# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
# changes two days later.
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
#
# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
# ...
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
# </a>
# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
# The Government of Mauritius weblink
# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
# </a>
# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
#
# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
# and end on 29 March 2009.
# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
# DST the coming summer...
#
# Some sources, in French:
# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
# </a>
# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
# </a>
#
# Our wrap-up:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
# Mayotte
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
3:00 - EAT
# Morocco
# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
#
# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
# </a>
# OR
# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
# </a>
# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
# </a>
#
# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
# spokesman.
# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
# According to this article:
# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
# </a>
# (and republished here:
# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
# </a>
# )
# the changes occurs at midnight:
#
# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
# sunday night the 28th at midnight
#
# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
# june1st to sept 27th.
#
# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
# published on the web.
#
# It's also confirmed here:
# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
# </a>
# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
# posted in english).
#
# The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
# of September:
#
# One article about it (in French):
# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
# </a>
#
# We have some further details posted here:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
# to many sources, such as
# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
# </a>
# (French)
#
# Our summary:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
#
# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
#
# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
# </a>
#
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
# </a>
# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
#
# Example:
# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
# </a>
# (French)
# Our page:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
# </a>
# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
# ...Official links of change in morocco
# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
# +212.537.71.84.00
# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
# </a>
# They said that
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
# </a>
# is the official publication to look at.
# They said that the decision was already taken.
#
# More articles in the press
# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
# </a>
# e.html
# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
# anche-prochain-5538.html
# </a>
# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
# They have it written in English here:
# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
# </a>
#
# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
# also been like that in the past.
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
# </a>
# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
# except the month of Ramadan.
# or (brief)
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
# Seen Morocco change again:
# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
# </a>
# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
# comme annoncé précédemment."
# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
# </a>
#
# Google translation, lightly edited:
# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
# source (French):
# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-03):
# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
#
# (let ((islamic-year 1435))
# (while (< islamic-year 1461)
# (let ((a
# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
# (b
# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))
# (insert
# (format
# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
#
# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would
# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after
# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 -
Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1:00 - CET 1986
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Western Sahara
#
# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
# Morocco does.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan
-1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
0:00 Morocco WE%sT
# Mozambique
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Namibia
# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
# of the country.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
1:00 Namibia WA%sT
# Niger
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912
-1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26
0:00 - GMT 1960
1:00 - WAT
# Nigeria
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
1:00 - WAT
# Reunion
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
4:00 - RET # Reunion Time
#
# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
# The following information about them is taken from
# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
# no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
# We have no info about their time zone histories.
#
# Bassas da India - uninhabited
# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
# Rwanda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun
2:00 - CAT
# St Helena
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
-0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
0:00 - GMT
# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
# on GMT, says the CIA
# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
# Sao Tome and Principe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
-0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time
0:00 - GMT
# Senegal
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912
-1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun
0:00 - GMT
# Seychelles
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
# Sierra Leone
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST
Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST
Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882
-0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-1:00 SL %s 1957
0:00 SL %s
# Somalia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov
3:00 - EAT 1931
2:30 - BEAT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# South Africa
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
2:00 SA SAST
# Marion and Prince Edward Is
# scientific station since 1947
# no information
# Sudan
#
# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
3:00 - EAT
# South Sudan
Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
# Swaziland
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - SAST
# Tanzania
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931
3:00 - EAT 1948
2:45 - BEAUT 1961
3:00 - EAT
# Togo
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893
0:00 - GMT
# Tunisia
# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
# Saturday." (My translation)
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
# 1h standard time.
#
# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
# (Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
# </a>
# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
# </a>
#
# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
# </a>
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
#
# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
#
# (in English)
# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
# </a>
#
# (in Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
# </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
#
# (translation):
# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
# Sunday...
# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
#
# (in Arabic)
# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
# or
# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
# more precise 0:09:21.
# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
# Uganda
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul
3:00 - EAT 1930
2:30 - BEAT 1948
2:45 - BEAUT 1957
3:00 - EAT
# Zambia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT
# Zimbabwe
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar
2:00 - CAT