--- a/make/data/tzdata/northamerica Thu Oct 17 20:27:44 2019 +0100
+++ b/make/data/tzdata/northamerica Thu Oct 17 20:53:35 2019 +0100
@@ -116,10 +116,33 @@
# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
-# See, for example, the front page of the Saturday, 1974-10-26
-# and Sunday, 1974-10-27 editions of the Washington Post.
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04):
+# Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules.
+# * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving
+# time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last
+# Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf
+# * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf
+# * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf
+# * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30.
+# https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf
+# * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST,
+# from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf
+# * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf
+# * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to
+# February's last Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf
+# * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first
+# Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf
+# * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward
+# to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday.
+# https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf
+# All transitions are at 02:00 local time.
# From Arthur David Olson:
# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
@@ -175,11 +198,11 @@
Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
-Rule US 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1967 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule US 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule US 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1976 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -196,7 +219,7 @@
# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone EST -5:00 - EST
Zone MST -7:00 - MST
Zone HST -10:00 - HST
@@ -353,7 +376,7 @@
Rule NYC 1921 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NYC 1921 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NYC 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
-5:00 US E%sT 1920
-5:00 NYC E%sT 1942
@@ -406,6 +429,31 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
+# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06):
+# In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives
+# and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day.
+# I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME
+# magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late
+# American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there:
+#
+# "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and
+# ideological views. Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South
+# conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on
+# the same day.... In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with
+# the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state,
+# TIME magazine reported:
+#
+# "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything
+# but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.'
+#
+# "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces -
+# The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east. When it
+# was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time."
+#
+# Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered.
+# The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06.
+# https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Chicago 1920 only - Jun 13 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Chicago 1920 1921 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
@@ -413,7 +461,7 @@
Rule Chicago 1922 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Chicago 1922 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Chicago 1955 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
-6:00 Chicago C%sT 1936 Mar 1 2:00
@@ -481,7 +529,7 @@
Rule Denver 1921 only - May 22 2:00 0 S
Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Denver 1965 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
-7:00 US M%sT 1920
-7:00 Denver M%sT 1942
@@ -534,7 +582,7 @@
Rule CA 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 1:00 1:00 D
Rule CA 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule CA 1962 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
-8:00 US P%sT 1946
-8:00 CA P%sT 1967
@@ -622,7 +670,27 @@
# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
# https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
+# The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
+# clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
+# They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
+# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
+# In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
+# Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
+# https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
+#
+# From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
+# The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
+# From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
+# Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
+# "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
+# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
+# So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
+# rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Juneau 15:02:19 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
-8:57:41 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
-8:00 - PST 1942
@@ -648,6 +716,8 @@
-8:00 - PST 1969
-8:00 US P%sT 1983 Oct 30 2:00
-8:00 - PST 2015 Nov 1 2:00
+ -9:00 US AK%sT 2018 Nov 4 2:00
+ -8:00 - PST 2019 Jan 20 2:00
-9:00 US AK%sT
Zone America/Yakutat 14:41:05 - LMT 1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
-9:18:55 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 12:00
@@ -740,7 +810,7 @@
# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Honolulu -10:31:26 - LMT 1896 Jan 13 12:00
-10:30 - HST 1933 Apr 30 2:00
-10:30 1:00 HDT 1933 May 21 12:00
@@ -770,7 +840,7 @@
# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Phoenix -7:28:18 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
-7:00 US M%sT 1944 Jan 1 0:01
-7:00 - MST 1944 Apr 1 0:01
@@ -796,7 +866,7 @@
# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
# switched four weeks late in 1974.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
-8:00 US P%sT 1923 May 13 2:00
-7:00 US M%sT 1974
@@ -808,6 +878,22 @@
# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
+# A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate
+# in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time")
+# tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST:
+# "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs
+# out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland,
+# R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock
+# back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process. The clock sticks on 9 as the
+# debate rages on into the night. The filibuster finally dies out and the
+# bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m. In the end,
+# it doesn't matter which side won. The law has no enforcement powers and
+# is simply ignored by fast-time communities."
+# How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving.
+# Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05.
+# https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/
+#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
# with the following exceptions:
@@ -852,7 +938,7 @@
Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Indianapolis 1946 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
-6:00 US C%sT 1920
-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT 1942
@@ -872,7 +958,7 @@
Rule Marengo 1951 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Marengo 1954 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
-6:00 US C%sT 1951
-6:00 Marengo C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
@@ -896,7 +982,7 @@
Rule Vincennes 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vincennes 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vincennes 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Vincennes C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
@@ -907,21 +993,21 @@
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09):
+# The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County
+# returned to CST. It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the
+# Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1953 1954 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1953 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Perry 1955 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Perry 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Perry 1956 1963 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Perry 1960 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1961 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Perry 1962 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Perry 1961 1963 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Perry C%sT 1964 Apr 26 2:00
- -5:00 - EST 1969
+ -5:00 - EST 1967 Oct 29 2:00
+ -6:00 US C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT 1971
-5:00 - EST 2006 Apr 2 2:00
-6:00 US C%sT
@@ -933,7 +1019,7 @@
Rule Pike 1955 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pike 1956 1964 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Pike 1961 1964 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
-6:00 US C%sT 1955
-6:00 Pike C%sT 1965 Apr 25 2:00
@@ -955,7 +1041,7 @@
Rule Starke 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Starke 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Starke 1959 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
-6:00 US C%sT 1947
-6:00 Starke C%sT 1962 Apr 29 2:00
@@ -971,7 +1057,7 @@
Rule Pulaski 1946 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pulaski 1955 1956 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Pulaski 1957 1960 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Pulaski C%sT 1961 Apr 30 2:00
@@ -982,7 +1068,7 @@
-5:00 US E%sT
#
# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
-6:00 US C%sT 1954 Apr 25 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1969
@@ -997,17 +1083,28 @@
# clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
# to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
#
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
+# From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl,
+# the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
+# That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4.
+# Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville.
+# Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946. Although also likely wrong
+# for other dates, we have no data.
+#
# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1941 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Louisville 1941 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1941 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1946 only - Apr lastSun 0:01 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1946 only - Jun 2 2:00 0 S
+Rule Louisville 1950 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Louisville 1950 1955 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Louisville 1956 1960 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Louisville 1956 1961 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
-6:00 US C%sT 1921
-6:00 Louisville C%sT 1942
@@ -1096,29 +1193,32 @@
# one hour in 1914." This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
# info, so omit this for now.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-26):
-# Although Shanks says Detroit observed DST in 1967 from 06-14 00:01
-# until 10-29 00:01, I now see multiple reports that this is incorrect.
-# For example, according to a 50-year anniversary report about the 1967
-# Detroit riots and a major-league doubleheader on 1967-07-23, "By the time
-# the last fly ball of the doubleheader settled into the glove of leftfielder
-# Lenny Green, it was after 7 p.m. Detroit did not observe daylight saving
-# time, so light was already starting to fail. Twilight was made even deeper
-# by billowing columns of smoke that ascended in an unbroken wall north of the
-# ballpark." See: Dow B. Detroit '67: As violence unfolded, Tigers played two
-# at home vs. Yankees. Detroit Free Press 2017-07-23.
-# https://www.freep.com/story/sports/mlb/tigers/2017/07/23/detroit-tigers-1967-riot-new-york-yankees/499951001/
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06):
+# Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did
+# not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did.
+# Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01. This was big news:
+# the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on
+# 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time"
+# by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's
+# confirmation to the US Supreme Court. Although Shanks says Detroit
+# observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be
+# incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the
+# same time as the rest of the US. Also, although Shanks reports no DST in
+# Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968
+# election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969.
#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Detroit 1948 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Detroit -5:32:11 - LMT 1905
-6:00 - CST 1915 May 15 2:00
-5:00 - EST 1942
-5:00 US E%sT 1946
- -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1973
+ -5:00 Detroit E%sT 1967 Jun 14 0:01
+ -5:00 US E%sT 1969
+ -5:00 - EST 1973
-5:00 US E%sT 1975
-5:00 - EST 1975 Apr 27 2:00
-5:00 US E%sT
@@ -1130,7 +1230,7 @@
Rule Menominee 1946 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Menominee 1966 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Menominee 1966 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00
-6:00 US C%sT 1946
-6:00 Menominee C%sT 1969 Apr 27 2:00
@@ -1167,6 +1267,12 @@
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
+# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
+# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
+#
+# Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy.
+# Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8.
+#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
@@ -1175,9 +1281,6 @@
# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
# [PDF] (1914-03)
#
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
-#
# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
# Canada
@@ -1364,7 +1467,7 @@
Rule StJohns 2007 2010 - Nov Sun>=1 0:01 0 S
#
# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884
-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1918
-3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
@@ -1377,7 +1480,7 @@
# most of east Labrador
# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
-3:30:52 - NST 1918
-3:30:52 Canada N%sT 1919
@@ -1451,7 +1554,7 @@
Rule Halifax 1956 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1962 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Halifax -4:14:24 - LMT 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Halifax A%sT 1918
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1919
@@ -1489,7 +1592,7 @@
Rule Moncton 1957 1972 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:01 1:00 D
Rule Moncton 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:01 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
-5:00 - EST 1902 Jun 15
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1933
@@ -1518,7 +1621,7 @@
# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
-4:00 - AST
@@ -1686,19 +1789,10 @@
# was meant.
Rule Toronto 1922 1926 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1924 1927 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# The 1927-to-1939 rules can be expressed more simply as
-# Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
-# Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# The rules below avoid use of Sun>=25
-# (which pre-2004 versions of zic cannot handle).
-Rule Toronto 1927 1932 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1928 1931 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1932 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Toronto 1933 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
-Rule Toronto 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1927 1937 - Sep Sun>=25 2:00 0 S
+Rule Toronto 1928 1937 - Apr Sun>=25 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1938 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Toronto 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Toronto 1946 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Toronto 1947 1949 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -1731,7 +1825,7 @@
# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
# months for the remainder of the war years.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Toronto -5:17:32 - LMT 1895
-5:00 Canada E%sT 1919
-5:00 Toronto E%sT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
@@ -1806,7 +1900,7 @@
Rule Winn 1966 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1966 2005 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 S
Rule Winn 1987 2005 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Winnipeg -6:28:36 - LMT 1887 Jul 16
-6:00 Winn C%sT 2006
-6:00 Canada C%sT
@@ -1828,6 +1922,12 @@
# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
+# Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917. No dates and times,
+# unfortunately. It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST
+# from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson,
+# Melfort, and Prince Albert.
+
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
@@ -1890,7 +1990,7 @@
Rule Swift 1959 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Swift 1959 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Swift 1960 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Regina -6:58:36 - LMT 1905 Sep
-7:00 Regina M%sT 1960 Apr lastSun 2:00
-6:00 - CST
@@ -1903,6 +2003,19 @@
# Alberta
+# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19):
+# There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967.
+# 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
+# Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required
+# Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law
+# could be fined up to $25 and costs". There seems to be no record of
+# anybody paying the fine. The law was not changed until an August 1971
+# plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972. This story is also mentioned in:
+# Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017.
+# ISBN 978-1459739123.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Edm 1918 1919 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
@@ -1915,13 +2028,9 @@
Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1967 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Edm 1969 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1972 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1972 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
-7:00 Edm M%sT 1987
-7:00 Canada M%sT
@@ -2001,8 +2110,20 @@
# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
# 2015-03-08.
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
+# Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
+# Province. He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said
+# that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now,
+# guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver.
+#
+# Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition
+# says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it.
+# http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf
+# A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver
+# observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see
+# https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941
+# We have no further details, so omit them for now.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -2011,10 +2132,10 @@
Rule Vanc 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
+Rule Vanc 1946 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1947 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1962 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Vancouver -8:12:28 - LMT 1884
-8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
-8:00 Canada P%sT
@@ -2085,7 +2206,7 @@
# varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
#
# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
-# http://? - no online source found
+# [no online source found]
#
# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
# Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
@@ -2118,7 +2239,7 @@
# to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
#
# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
-# http://? - no online source found
+# [no online source found]
#
# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
@@ -2334,7 +2455,7 @@
Rule NT_YK 1980 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1980 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# aka Panniqtuuq
Zone America/Pangnirtung 0 - -00 1921 # trading post est.
-4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
@@ -2481,7 +2602,7 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
#
-# http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html
+# https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html
# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
@@ -2608,7 +2729,7 @@
Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
-6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
@@ -2801,7 +2922,7 @@
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
-5:00 US E%sT
@@ -2816,7 +2937,7 @@
Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown
-3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
-4:00 Barb A%sT
@@ -2830,7 +2951,7 @@
Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 CST
Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 CDT
Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 CST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr
-6:00 Belize %s
@@ -2847,7 +2968,7 @@
# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton
-4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00
-4:00 Canada A%sT 1976
@@ -2869,7 +2990,7 @@
Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San José
-5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-6:00 CR C%sT
@@ -3075,7 +3196,7 @@
Rule Cuba 2012 max - Nov Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S
Rule Cuba 2013 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00s 1:00 D
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
-5:29:36 - HMT 1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
-5:00 Cuba C%sT
@@ -3110,7 +3231,7 @@
Rule DR 1970 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 EST
Rule DR 1971 only - Jan 20 0:00 0 EST
Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 EST
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890
-4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
-5:00 DR %s 1974 Oct 27
@@ -3125,7 +3246,7 @@
Rule Salv 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
# instead of America/San_Salvador.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
-6:00 Salv C%sT
@@ -3158,7 +3279,7 @@
Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
Rule Guat 2006 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Guat 2006 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5
-6:00 Guat C%sT
@@ -3244,7 +3365,7 @@
Rule Haiti 2012 2015 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
Rule Haiti 2017 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Haiti 2017 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890
-4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
-5:00 Haiti E%sT
@@ -3283,7 +3404,7 @@
Rule Hond 1987 1988 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 S
Rule Hond 2006 only - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Hond 2006 only - Aug Mon>=1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT 1921 Apr
-6:00 Hond C%sT
#
@@ -3304,7 +3425,7 @@
# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1974
@@ -3312,7 +3433,7 @@
-5:00 - EST
# Martinique
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
-4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT
-4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6
@@ -3376,7 +3497,7 @@
Rule Nic 2005 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
Rule Nic 2006 only - Apr 30 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Nic 2006 only - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890
-5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
-6:00 - CST 1973 May
@@ -3388,7 +3509,7 @@
-6:00 Nic C%sT
# Panama
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890
-5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
-5:00 - EST
@@ -3396,7 +3517,7 @@
# Puerto Rico
# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-4:00 - AST 1942 May 3
-4:00 US A%sT 1946
@@ -3408,7 +3529,7 @@
# St Pierre and Miquelon
# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-4:00 - AST 1980 May
-3:00 - -03 1987
@@ -3454,7 +3575,7 @@
# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
-5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-5:00 - EST 1979