--- a/make/data/tzdata/asia Thu Oct 17 20:27:44 2019 +0100
+++ b/make/data/tzdata/asia Thu Oct 17 20:53:35 2019 +0100
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
#
# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -70,13 +70,13 @@
# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
# 8:00 CST China
-# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time
+# 8:00 HKT HKST Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
+# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippines
# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830
# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09
-# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time
-# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below.
+# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier
# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Afghanistan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
4:00 - +04 1945
4:30 - +0430
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 -
Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 -
Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
6:00 Dhaka +06/+07
# Bhutan
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct
6:00 - +06
@@ -275,13 +275,13 @@
# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
5:00 - +05 1996
6:00 - +06
# Brunei
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
7:30 - +0730 1933
8:00 - +08
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@
# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time
6:30 - +0630 1942 May
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
# +08 mandate back then.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
@@ -609,23 +609,132 @@
# obtained from
# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
+# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
+# According to Singaporean newspaper
+# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
+# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
+# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
+# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
+# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
+# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
+# <https://www.hko.gov.hk/publica/gen_pub/timeball_atomic_clock.pdf>
+# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
+# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
+# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
+# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
+# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
+#
+# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
+# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
+# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
+#
+# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
+# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
+# page 4 <https://books.google.com/books?id=kgw5AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA4>
+# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
+# ball was dropped. So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
+# of broadcasting the new local time.
+#
+# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
+# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
+# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
+# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
+# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
+# See <https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk> for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
+
+# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
+# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
+# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
+# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
+# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
+# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
+# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
+# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
+# before. After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
+# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
+# period of time. Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
+# same month, but there were not much information about time there. Later they
+# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
+# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
+# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
+# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
+# captured by Japan.
+#
+# Image of related sections on newspaper:
+# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
+# https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
+# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
+# time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
+# https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
+# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
+# https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
+# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
+# https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
+# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
+# https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
+# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
+# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
+# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
+# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
+# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
+# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
+# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
+
+# From P Chan (2018-12-31):
+# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
+# 1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
+# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
+# http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
+# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
+# resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
+# https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
+# https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
+# https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
+# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
+# 04-21 at 00:00. The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
+# https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
+# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
+# The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
+# https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
+# https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
+# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
+# transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
+# http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
+# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
+# Summer Time Ordinance 1953
+# https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
+# Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
+# https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
+# Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
+# https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
+# Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 <https://i.imgur.com/OpRWrKz.jpg>
+# Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
+# https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
+# Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
+# https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31):
# Here are the dates given at
-# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2009-10-28:
+# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
+# as of 2014-06-19:
# Year Period
-# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
+# 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep
# 1942 Whole year
# 1943 Whole year
# 1944 Whole year
# 1945 Whole year
# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
-# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
+# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Nov
# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
-# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
+# 1952 6 Apr to 2 Nov
# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
@@ -654,37 +763,31 @@
# 1978 Nil
# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
# 1980 to Now Nil
-# The page does not give start or end times of day.
-# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
-# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
-# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
-# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
-# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
+# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
+# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
+# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 21 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30s 0 -
+Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30s 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1947 only - Nov 30 3:30s 0 -
+Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30s 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct Sun>=28 3:30s 0 -
Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
+Rule HK 1953 1964 - Oct Sun>=31 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
-Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
-Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
- 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
- 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
+Rule HK 1979 only - May 13 3:30 1:00 S
+Rule HK 1979 only - Oct 21 3:30 0 -
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 0:36:42
+ 8:00 - HKT 1941 Jun 15 3:00
+ 8:00 1:00 HKST 1941 Oct 1 4:00
+ 8:00 0:30 HKWT 1941 Dec 25
+ 9:00 - JST 1945 Nov 18 2:00
8:00 HK HK%sT
###############################################################################
@@ -808,7 +911,7 @@
Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1
8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1
@@ -946,7 +1049,7 @@
Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D
Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00
9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00
@@ -985,7 +1088,7 @@
Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
@@ -1034,7 +1137,7 @@
# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
# Go with Byalokoz.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880
2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
3:00 - +03 1957 Mar
@@ -1071,7 +1174,7 @@
# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00
9:00 - +09 1976 May 3
@@ -1080,6 +1183,16 @@
# India
+# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
+# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
+# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
+# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories. No reason is
+# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
+# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
+# that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
+# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
+# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
+
# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
# (2015-12-22):
@@ -1127,7 +1240,7 @@
# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
# 1941-1945 data.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time?
5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time
@@ -1179,7 +1292,7 @@
# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Java, Sumatra
Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
@@ -1250,12 +1363,65 @@
# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
# plan to change that law....
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
-# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
-# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
-# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
+# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
+# lines from 2008 through 2087. Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
+# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
+# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
+# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
+# the following code special-cases those years. See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
+# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
+# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
+# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
+# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
+# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
+# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
+# (cl-loop
+# initially (require 'cal-persia)
+# with first-persian-year = 1387
+# with last-persian-year = 1466
+# ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
+# ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
+# with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
+# with range-start = nil
+# for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
+# do
+# (let*
+# ((exceptional-year-offset
+# (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
+# (beg-dst-absolute
+# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
+# exceptional-year-offset))
+# (end-dst-absolute
+# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
+# exceptional-year-offset))
+# (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
+# (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
+# (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
+# (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
+# (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
+# (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
+# next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
+# (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
+# (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
+# (setq range-start (or range-start year))
+# (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
+# (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
+# (= persian-year last-persian-year))
+# (insert
+# (format
+# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
+# range-start range-end
+# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
+# (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
+# (insert
+# (format
+# "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
+# range-start range-end
+# (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
+# (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
+# (setq range-start nil))))
#
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
@@ -1290,63 +1456,115 @@
# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 22 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1991 only - May 2 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2038 2039 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2040 2041 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2042 2043 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2044 2045 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2046 2047 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2048 2049 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2050 2051 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2052 2053 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2054 2055 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2056 2057 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2058 2059 - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2060 2062 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2063 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2063 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2064 2066 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2067 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2067 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2068 2070 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2071 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2071 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2072 2074 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2075 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2075 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2076 2078 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2079 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2079 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2080 2082 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2083 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2083 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2084 2086 - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+Rule Iran 2087 only - Mar 21 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2087 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
-# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
+# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
+# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
+# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 -
-Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Iran 2088 max - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 -
+Rule Iran 2088 max - Sep 20 24:00 0 -
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov
@@ -1391,7 +1609,7 @@
#
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 -
Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
3:00 - +03 1982 May
@@ -1456,6 +1674,24 @@
Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
+
+# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
+# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
+# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
+# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
+# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
+# You can of course read it in translation.
+# I checked the local newspapers for that years.
+# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
+# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
+# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
+Rule Zion 1980 only - Aug 2 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1980 only - Sep 13 1:00 0 S
+Rule Zion 1984 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 1984 only - Aug 25 1:00 0 S
+
+# From Shanks & Pottenger:
Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
@@ -1578,32 +1814,15 @@
#
# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
-# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
-# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
-# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
-# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
-# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
-# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
-#
-# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
-#
-# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
-# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
-# springtime transitions explicitly.
-
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Apr Fri<=1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
-Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
@@ -1619,7 +1838,7 @@
Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880
2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
2:00 Zion I%sT
@@ -1676,7 +1895,7 @@
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
-Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S
+Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S
Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D
@@ -1711,10 +1930,12 @@
# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
9:00 Japan J%sT
-# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
+# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
+# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
+# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
# Jordan
#
@@ -1812,7 +2033,7 @@
Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 -
Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
2:00 Jordan EE%sT
@@ -1853,8 +2074,8 @@
# text.
#
# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
-# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
-# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
+# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
+# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
# transition to "summer" time:
# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
@@ -1870,7 +2091,7 @@
# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
# was one of such changes.
#
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
+# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
@@ -2004,10 +2225,12 @@
# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
-# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted.
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
+# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
+# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
+# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
@@ -2019,8 +2242,6 @@
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
6:00 - +06
# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
-# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS);
-# see comments below.
Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
@@ -2031,21 +2252,22 @@
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
+ 6:00 - +06 2018 Dec 21 0:00
+ 5:00 - +05
+#
+# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
+# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
+# reorganization.
+Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:28 - LMT 1924 May 2
+ 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
+ 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
+ 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
+ 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
6:00 - +06
-# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one
-# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for
-# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
-# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now.
-#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
-# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
-# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
-# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1
-# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1
-# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
-# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
-# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s
-# 6:00 - +06
-#
+
# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
@@ -2110,7 +2332,7 @@
Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 -
Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -2139,21 +2361,43 @@
# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in
# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
+# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
+# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
+# date in South Korea should be
+# 1955-09-08 without specifying time
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
+# 1956-09-29 without specifying time
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
+# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
+# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
+# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
+# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
+# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
+# ...
+# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
+# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
+# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
+# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
+
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 12 24:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sat>=7 24:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 8 24:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 29 24:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sat>=17 24:00 0 S
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S
# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
@@ -2203,11 +2447,11 @@
# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8
- 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
+ 9:00 ROK K%sT 1954 Mar 21
8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
9:00 ROK K%sT
Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
@@ -2252,7 +2496,7 @@
Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
@@ -2264,7 +2508,7 @@
# peninsular Malaysia
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
@@ -2278,7 +2522,7 @@
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
7:30 - +0730 1933
8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
@@ -2286,7 +2530,7 @@
8:00 - +08
# Maldives
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
5:00 - +05
@@ -2429,7 +2673,7 @@
Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 -
Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
6:00 - +06 1978
@@ -2447,7 +2691,7 @@
8:00 Mongol +08/+09
# Nepal
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
5:30 - +0530 1986
5:45 - +0545
@@ -2597,7 +2841,7 @@
Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep
5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15
@@ -2882,9 +3126,23 @@
# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact
# time of the time shift.
# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
+
+# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
+# http://pnn.ps/news/401130
+# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16):
-# For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00.
+# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
+# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
+# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
+# The decree signing date is Mar 12th but it was not published till today.
+# The decree does not specify the exact time of switch.
+# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
+#
+# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
+# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
+# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are March's last Friday at 00:00.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
@@ -2915,10 +3173,11 @@
Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 -
Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S
-Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S
+Rule Palestine 2016 2018 - Mar Sat>=24 1:00 1:00 S
Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 -
-
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+Rule Palestine 2019 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
+
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15
2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
@@ -2943,6 +3202,11 @@
# no information
# Philippines
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
+# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
+# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
+# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
@@ -2987,7 +3251,7 @@
Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May
@@ -2995,7 +3259,7 @@
8:00 Phil P%sT
# Qatar
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
3:00 - +03
@@ -3028,8 +3292,8 @@
# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
-# newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port
-# Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text.
+# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
+# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
#
# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
@@ -3043,7 +3307,7 @@
# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
#
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
3:00 - +03
Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen
@@ -3052,7 +3316,7 @@
# Singapore
# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
@@ -3116,7 +3380,7 @@
# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5
@@ -3286,13 +3550,13 @@
Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2:00 Syria EE%sT
# Tajikistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -3300,7 +3564,7 @@
5:00 - +05
# Thailand
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
7:00 - +07
@@ -3309,7 +3573,7 @@
# Turkmenistan
# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00
@@ -3317,14 +3581,14 @@
5:00 - +05
# United Arab Emirates
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
4:00 - +04
Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman
# Uzbekistan
# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1
@@ -3372,7 +3636,7 @@
# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
+# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
@@ -3390,7 +3654,7 @@
# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
+# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT
7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00
@@ -3402,5 +3666,17 @@
8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13
7:00 - +07
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
+#
+# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
+# Vietnam since 1975-06-13. Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
+# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
+# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
+#
+# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
+# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
+# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
+
+
# Yemen
# See Asia/Riyadh.