jdk/src/share/classes/javax/management/monitor/Monitor.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 34 2d042367885f
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/javax/management/monitor/Monitor.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1627 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2007 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package javax.management.monitor;
+
+import static com.sun.jmx.defaults.JmxProperties.MONITOR_LOGGER;
+import com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.GetPropertyAction;
+import com.sun.jmx.remote.util.EnvHelp;
+import java.beans.BeanInfo;
+import java.beans.Introspector;
+import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.security.AccessControlContext;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import javax.management.AttributeNotFoundException;
+import javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException;
+import javax.management.IntrospectionException;
+import javax.management.MBeanAttributeInfo;
+import javax.management.MBeanException;
+import javax.management.MBeanInfo;
+import javax.management.MBeanRegistration;
+import javax.management.MBeanServer;
+import javax.management.MBeanServerConnection;
+import javax.management.NotificationBroadcasterSupport;
+import javax.management.ObjectName;
+import javax.management.ReflectionException;
+import static javax.management.monitor.MonitorNotification.*;
+import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeData;
+
+/**
+ * Defines the part common to all monitor MBeans.
+ * A monitor MBean monitors values of an attribute common to a set of observed
+ * MBeans. The observed attribute is monitored at intervals specified by the
+ * granularity period. A gauge value (derived gauge) is derived from the values
+ * of the observed attribute.
+ *
+ *
+ * @since 1.5
+ */
+public abstract class Monitor
+    extends NotificationBroadcasterSupport
+    implements MonitorMBean, MBeanRegistration {
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PACKAGE CLASSES
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    static class ObservedObject {
+
+        public ObservedObject(ObjectName observedObject) {
+            this.observedObject = observedObject;
+        }
+
+        public final ObjectName getObservedObject() {
+            return observedObject;
+        }
+        public final synchronized int getAlreadyNotified() {
+            return alreadyNotified;
+        }
+        public final synchronized void setAlreadyNotified(int alreadyNotified) {
+            this.alreadyNotified = alreadyNotified;
+        }
+        public final synchronized Object getDerivedGauge() {
+            return derivedGauge;
+        }
+        public final synchronized void setDerivedGauge(Object derivedGauge) {
+            this.derivedGauge = derivedGauge;
+        }
+        public final synchronized long getDerivedGaugeTimeStamp() {
+            return derivedGaugeTimeStamp;
+        }
+        public final synchronized void setDerivedGaugeTimeStamp(
+                                                 long derivedGaugeTimeStamp) {
+            this.derivedGaugeTimeStamp = derivedGaugeTimeStamp;
+        }
+
+        private final ObjectName observedObject;
+        private int alreadyNotified;
+        private Object derivedGauge;
+        private long derivedGaugeTimeStamp;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PRIVATE VARIABLES
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Attribute to observe.
+     */
+    private String observedAttribute;
+
+    /**
+     * Monitor granularity period (in milliseconds).
+     * The default value is set to 10 seconds.
+     */
+    private long granularityPeriod = 10000;
+
+    /**
+     * Monitor state.
+     * The default value is set to <CODE>false</CODE>.
+     */
+    private boolean isActive = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Monitor sequence number.
+     * The default value is set to 0.
+     */
+    private final AtomicLong sequenceNumber = new AtomicLong();
+
+    /**
+     * Complex type attribute flag.
+     * The default value is set to <CODE>false</CODE>.
+     */
+    private boolean isComplexTypeAttribute = false;
+
+    /**
+     * First attribute name extracted from complex type attribute name.
+     */
+    private String firstAttribute;
+
+    /**
+     * Remaining attribute names extracted from complex type attribute name.
+     */
+    private final List<String> remainingAttributes =
+        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
+
+    /**
+     * AccessControlContext of the Monitor.start() caller.
+     */
+    private AccessControlContext acc;
+
+    /**
+     * Scheduler Service.
+     */
+    private static final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler =
+        Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(
+            new DaemonThreadFactory("Scheduler"));
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum Pool Size
+     */
+    private static final int maximumPoolSize;
+
+    /**
+     * Executor Service.
+     */
+    private static final ExecutorService executor;
+    static {
+        final String maximumPoolSizeSysProp = "jmx.x.monitor.maximum.pool.size";
+        final String maximumPoolSizeStr = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+            new GetPropertyAction(maximumPoolSizeSysProp));
+        if (maximumPoolSizeStr == null ||
+            maximumPoolSizeStr.trim().length() == 0) {
+            maximumPoolSize = 10;
+        } else {
+            int maximumPoolSizeTmp = 10;
+            try {
+                maximumPoolSizeTmp = Integer.parseInt(maximumPoolSizeStr);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                if (MONITOR_LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
+                    MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                            "<static initializer>",
+                            "Wrong value for " + maximumPoolSizeSysProp +
+                            " system property", e);
+                    MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                            "<static initializer>",
+                            maximumPoolSizeSysProp + " defaults to 10");
+                }
+                maximumPoolSizeTmp = 10;
+            }
+            if (maximumPoolSizeTmp < 1) {
+                maximumPoolSize = 1;
+            } else {
+                maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSizeTmp;
+            }
+        }
+        executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
+                maximumPoolSize,
+                maximumPoolSize,
+                60L,
+                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
+                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
+                new DaemonThreadFactory("Executor"));
+        ((ThreadPoolExecutor)executor).allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Monitor task to be executed by the Executor Service.
+     */
+    private final MonitorTask monitorTask = new MonitorTask();
+
+    /**
+     * Future associated to the current monitor task.
+     */
+    private Future<?> monitorFuture;
+
+    /**
+     * Scheduler task to be executed by the Scheduler Service.
+     */
+    private final SchedulerTask schedulerTask = new SchedulerTask(monitorTask);
+
+    /**
+     * ScheduledFuture associated to the current scheduler task.
+     */
+    private ScheduledFuture<?> schedulerFuture;
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PROTECTED VARIABLES
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * The amount by which the capacity of the monitor arrays are
+     * automatically incremented when their size becomes greater than
+     * their capacity.
+     */
+    protected final static int capacityIncrement = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of valid components in the vector of observed objects.
+     *
+     */
+    protected int elementCount = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Monitor errors that have already been notified.
+     * @deprecated equivalent to {@link #alreadyNotifieds}[0].
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected int alreadyNotified = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Selected monitor errors that have already been notified.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Each element in this array corresponds to an observed object
+     * in the vector.  It contains a bit mask of the flags {@link
+     * #OBSERVED_OBJECT_ERROR_NOTIFIED} etc, indicating whether the
+     * corresponding notification has already been sent for the MBean
+     * being monitored.</p>
+     *
+     */
+    protected int alreadyNotifieds[] = new int[capacityIncrement];
+
+    /**
+     * Reference to the MBean server.  This reference is null when the
+     * monitor MBean is not registered in an MBean server.  This
+     * reference is initialized before the monitor MBean is registered
+     * in the MBean server.
+     * @see #preRegister(MBeanServer server, ObjectName name)
+     */
+    protected MBeanServer server;
+
+    // Flags defining possible monitor errors.
+    //
+
+    /**
+     * This flag is used to reset the {@link #alreadyNotifieds
+     * alreadyNotifieds} monitor attribute.
+     */
+    protected static final int RESET_FLAGS_ALREADY_NOTIFIED             = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag denoting that a notification has occurred after changing
+     * the observed object.  This flag is used to check that the new
+     * observed object is registered in the MBean server at the time
+     * of the first notification.
+     */
+    protected static final int OBSERVED_OBJECT_ERROR_NOTIFIED           = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag denoting that a notification has occurred after changing
+     * the observed attribute.  This flag is used to check that the
+     * new observed attribute belongs to the observed object at the
+     * time of the first notification.
+     */
+    protected static final int OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED        = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag denoting that a notification has occurred after changing
+     * the observed object or the observed attribute.  This flag is
+     * used to check that the observed attribute type is correct
+     * (depending on the monitor in use) at the time of the first
+     * notification.
+     */
+    protected static final int OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED   = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag denoting that a notification has occurred after changing
+     * the observed object or the observed attribute.  This flag is
+     * used to notify any exception (except the cases described above)
+     * when trying to get the value of the observed attribute at the
+     * time of the first notification.
+     */
+    protected static final int RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED                   = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * This field is retained for compatibility but should not be referenced.
+     *
+     * @deprecated No replacement.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected String dbgTag = Monitor.class.getName();
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PACKAGE VARIABLES
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * List of ObservedObjects to which the attribute to observe belongs.
+     */
+    final List<ObservedObject> observedObjects =
+        new CopyOnWriteArrayList<ObservedObject>();
+
+    /**
+     * Flag denoting that a notification has occurred after changing
+     * the threshold. This flag is used to notify any exception
+     * related to invalid thresholds settings.
+     */
+    static final int THRESHOLD_ERROR_NOTIFIED                           = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * Enumeration used to keep trace of the derived gauge type
+     * in counter and gauge monitors.
+     */
+    enum NumericalType { BYTE, SHORT, INTEGER, LONG, FLOAT, DOUBLE };
+
+    /**
+     * Constant used to initialize all the numeric values.
+     */
+    static final Integer INTEGER_ZERO = new Integer(0);
+
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PUBLIC METHODS
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Allows the monitor MBean to perform any operations it needs
+     * before being registered in the MBean server.
+     * <P>
+     * Initializes the reference to the MBean server.
+     *
+     * @param server The MBean server in which the monitor MBean will
+     * be registered.
+     * @param name The object name of the monitor MBean.
+     *
+     * @return The name of the monitor MBean registered.
+     *
+     * @exception Exception
+     */
+    public ObjectName preRegister(MBeanServer server, ObjectName name)
+        throws Exception {
+
+        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                "preRegister(MBeanServer, ObjectName)",
+                "initialize the reference on the MBean server");
+
+        this.server = server;
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows the monitor MBean to perform any operations needed after
+     * having been registered in the MBean server or after the
+     * registration has failed.
+     * <P>
+     * Not used in this context.
+     */
+    public void postRegister(Boolean registrationDone) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows the monitor MBean to perform any operations it needs
+     * before being unregistered by the MBean server.
+     * <P>
+     * Stops the monitor.
+     *
+     * @exception Exception
+     */
+    public void preDeregister() throws Exception {
+
+        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                "preDeregister()", "stop the monitor");
+
+        // Stop the Monitor.
+        //
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Allows the monitor MBean to perform any operations needed after
+     * having been unregistered by the MBean server.
+     * <P>
+     * Not used in this context.
+     */
+    public void postDeregister() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the monitor.
+     */
+    public abstract void start();
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the monitor.
+     */
+    public abstract void stop();
+
+    // GETTERS AND SETTERS
+    //--------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the object name of the first object in the set of observed
+     * MBeans, or <code>null</code> if there is no such object.
+     *
+     * @return The object being observed.
+     *
+     * @see #setObservedObject(ObjectName)
+     *
+     * @deprecated As of JMX 1.2, replaced by {@link #getObservedObjects}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public synchronized ObjectName getObservedObject() {
+        if (observedObjects.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            return observedObjects.get(0).getObservedObject();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all objects from the set of observed objects, and then adds the
+     * specified object.
+     *
+     * @param object The object to observe.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException The specified
+     * object is null.
+     *
+     * @see #getObservedObject()
+     *
+     * @deprecated As of JMX 1.2, replaced by {@link #addObservedObject}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public synchronized void setObservedObject(ObjectName object)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (object == null)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null observed object");
+        if (observedObjects.size() == 1 && containsObservedObject(object))
+            return;
+        observedObjects.clear();
+        addObservedObject(object);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the specified object in the set of observed MBeans, if this object
+     * is not already present.
+     *
+     * @param object The object to observe.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException The specified object is null.
+     *
+     */
+    public synchronized void addObservedObject(ObjectName object)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException {
+
+        if (object == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null observed object");
+        }
+
+        // Check that the specified object is not already contained.
+        //
+        if (containsObservedObject(object))
+            return;
+
+        // Add the specified object in the list.
+        //
+        ObservedObject o = createObservedObject(object);
+        o.setAlreadyNotified(RESET_FLAGS_ALREADY_NOTIFIED);
+        o.setDerivedGauge(null);
+        o.setDerivedGaugeTimeStamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
+        observedObjects.add(o);
+
+        // Update legacy protected stuff.
+        //
+        createAlreadyNotified();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the specified object from the set of observed MBeans.
+     *
+     * @param object The object to remove.
+     *
+     */
+    public synchronized void removeObservedObject(ObjectName object) {
+        // Check for null object.
+        //
+        if (object == null)
+            return;
+
+        final ObservedObject o = getObservedObject(object);
+        if (o != null) {
+            // Remove the specified object from the list.
+            //
+            observedObjects.remove(o);
+            // Update legacy protected stuff.
+            //
+            createAlreadyNotified();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether the specified object is in the set of observed MBeans.
+     *
+     * @param object The object to check.
+     * @return <CODE>true</CODE> if the specified object is present,
+     * <CODE>false</CODE> otherwise.
+     *
+     */
+    public synchronized boolean containsObservedObject(ObjectName object) {
+        return getObservedObject(object) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array containing the objects being observed.
+     *
+     * @return The objects being observed.
+     *
+     */
+    public synchronized ObjectName[] getObservedObjects() {
+        ObjectName[] names = new ObjectName[observedObjects.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++)
+            names[i] = observedObjects.get(i).getObservedObject();
+        return names;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the attribute being observed.
+     * <BR>The observed attribute is not initialized by default (set to null).
+     *
+     * @return The attribute being observed.
+     *
+     * @see #setObservedAttribute
+     */
+    public synchronized String getObservedAttribute() {
+        return observedAttribute;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the attribute to observe.
+     * <BR>The observed attribute is not initialized by default (set to null).
+     *
+     * @param attribute The attribute to observe.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException The specified
+     * attribute is null.
+     *
+     * @see #getObservedAttribute
+     */
+    public void setObservedAttribute(String attribute)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException {
+
+        if (attribute == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null observed attribute");
+        }
+
+        // Update alreadyNotified array.
+        //
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (observedAttribute != null &&
+                observedAttribute.equals(attribute))
+                return;
+            observedAttribute = attribute;
+
+            // Reset the complex type attribute information
+            // such that it is recalculated again.
+            //
+            cleanupIsComplexTypeAttribute();
+
+            int index = 0;
+            for (ObservedObject o : observedObjects) {
+                resetAlreadyNotified(o, index++,
+                                     OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED |
+                                     OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the granularity period (in milliseconds).
+     * <BR>The default value of the granularity period is 10 seconds.
+     *
+     * @return The granularity period value.
+     *
+     * @see #setGranularityPeriod
+     */
+    public synchronized long getGranularityPeriod() {
+        return granularityPeriod;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the granularity period (in milliseconds).
+     * <BR>The default value of the granularity period is 10 seconds.
+     *
+     * @param period The granularity period value.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException The granularity
+     * period is less than or equal to zero.
+     *
+     * @see #getGranularityPeriod
+     */
+    public synchronized void setGranularityPeriod(long period)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException {
+
+        if (period <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Nonpositive granularity " +
+                                               "period");
+        }
+
+        if (granularityPeriod == period)
+            return;
+        granularityPeriod = period;
+
+        // Reschedule the scheduler task if the monitor is active.
+        //
+        if (isActive()) {
+            cleanupFutures();
+            schedulerFuture = scheduler.schedule(schedulerTask,
+                                                 period,
+                                                 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests whether the monitor MBean is active.  A monitor MBean is
+     * marked active when the {@link #start start} method is called.
+     * It becomes inactive when the {@link #stop stop} method is
+     * called.
+     *
+     * @return <CODE>true</CODE> if the monitor MBean is active,
+     * <CODE>false</CODE> otherwise.
+     */
+    /* This method must be synchronized so that the monitoring thread will
+       correctly see modifications to the isActive variable. See the MonitorTask
+       action executed by the Scheduled Executor Service. */
+    public synchronized boolean isActive() {
+        return isActive;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PACKAGE METHODS
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the monitor.
+     */
+    void doStart() {
+            MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                "doStart()", "start the monitor");
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (isActive()) {
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "doStart()", "the monitor is already active");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            isActive = true;
+
+            // Reset the complex type attribute information
+            // such that it is recalculated again.
+            //
+            cleanupIsComplexTypeAttribute();
+
+            // Cache the AccessControlContext of the Monitor.start() caller.
+            // The monitor tasks will be executed within this context.
+            //
+            acc = AccessController.getContext();
+
+            // Start the scheduler.
+            //
+            cleanupFutures();
+            schedulerFuture = scheduler.schedule(schedulerTask,
+                                                 getGranularityPeriod(),
+                                                 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stops the monitor.
+     */
+    void doStop() {
+        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                "doStop()", "stop the monitor");
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!isActive()) {
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "doStop()", "the monitor is not active");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            isActive = false;
+
+            // Cancel the scheduler task associated with the
+            // scheduler and its associated monitor task.
+            //
+            cleanupFutures();
+
+            // Reset the AccessControlContext.
+            //
+            acc = null;
+
+            // Reset the complex type attribute information
+            // such that it is recalculated again.
+            //
+            cleanupIsComplexTypeAttribute();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the derived gauge of the specified object, if this object is
+     * contained in the set of observed MBeans, or <code>null</code> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param object the name of the object whose derived gauge is to
+     * be returned.
+     *
+     * @return The derived gauge of the specified object.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    synchronized Object getDerivedGauge(ObjectName object) {
+        final ObservedObject o = getObservedObject(object);
+        return o == null ? null : o.getDerivedGauge();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the derived gauge timestamp of the specified object, if
+     * this object is contained in the set of observed MBeans, or
+     * <code>0</code> otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param object the name of the object whose derived gauge
+     * timestamp is to be returned.
+     *
+     * @return The derived gauge timestamp of the specified object.
+     *
+     */
+    synchronized long getDerivedGaugeTimeStamp(ObjectName object) {
+        final ObservedObject o = getObservedObject(object);
+        return o == null ? 0 : o.getDerivedGaugeTimeStamp();
+    }
+
+    Object getAttribute(MBeanServerConnection mbsc,
+                        ObjectName object,
+                        String attribute)
+        throws AttributeNotFoundException,
+               InstanceNotFoundException,
+               MBeanException,
+               ReflectionException,
+               IOException {
+        // Check for "ObservedAttribute" replacement.
+        // This could happen if a thread A called setObservedAttribute()
+        // while other thread B was in the middle of the monitor() method
+        // and received the old observed attribute value.
+        //
+        final boolean lookupMBeanInfo;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!isActive())
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "The monitor has been stopped");
+            if (!attribute.equals(getObservedAttribute()))
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "The observed attribute has been changed");
+            lookupMBeanInfo =
+                (firstAttribute == null && attribute.indexOf('.') != -1);
+        }
+
+        // Look up MBeanInfo if needed
+        //
+        final MBeanInfo mbi;
+        if (lookupMBeanInfo) {
+            try {
+                mbi = mbsc.getMBeanInfo(object);
+            } catch (IntrospectionException e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            mbi = null;
+        }
+
+        // Check for complex type attribute
+        //
+        final String fa;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (!isActive())
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "The monitor has been stopped");
+            if (!attribute.equals(getObservedAttribute()))
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "The observed attribute has been changed");
+            if (firstAttribute == null) {
+                if (attribute.indexOf('.') != -1) {
+                    MBeanAttributeInfo mbaiArray[] = mbi.getAttributes();
+                    for (MBeanAttributeInfo mbai : mbaiArray) {
+                        if (attribute.equals(mbai.getName())) {
+                            firstAttribute = attribute;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (firstAttribute == null) {
+                        String tokens[] = attribute.split("\\.", -1);
+                        firstAttribute = tokens[0];
+                        for (int i = 1; i < tokens.length; i++)
+                            remainingAttributes.add(tokens[i]);
+                        isComplexTypeAttribute = true;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    firstAttribute = attribute;
+                }
+            }
+            fa = firstAttribute;
+        }
+        return mbsc.getAttribute(object, fa);
+    }
+
+    Comparable<?> getComparableFromAttribute(ObjectName object,
+                                             String attribute,
+                                             Object value)
+        throws AttributeNotFoundException {
+        if (isComplexTypeAttribute) {
+            Object v = value;
+            for (String attr : remainingAttributes)
+                v = introspect(object, attr, v);
+            return (Comparable<?>) v;
+        } else {
+            return (Comparable<?>) value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Object introspect(ObjectName object,
+                      String attribute,
+                      Object value)
+        throws AttributeNotFoundException {
+        try {
+            if (value.getClass().isArray() && attribute.equals("length")) {
+                return Array.getLength(value);
+            } else if (value instanceof CompositeData) {
+                return ((CompositeData) value).get(attribute);
+            } else {
+                // Java Beans introspection
+                //
+                BeanInfo bi = Introspector.getBeanInfo(value.getClass());
+                PropertyDescriptor[] pds = bi.getPropertyDescriptors();
+                for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds)
+                    if (pd.getName().equals(attribute))
+                        return pd.getReadMethod().invoke(value);
+                throw new AttributeNotFoundException(
+                    "Could not find the getter method for the property " +
+                    attribute + " using the Java Beans introspector");
+            }
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+        } catch (AttributeNotFoundException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw EnvHelp.initCause(
+                new AttributeNotFoundException(e.getMessage()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean isComparableTypeValid(ObjectName object,
+                                  String attribute,
+                                  Comparable<?> value) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    String buildErrorNotification(ObjectName object,
+                                  String attribute,
+                                  Comparable<?> value) {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    void onErrorNotification(MonitorNotification notification) {
+    }
+
+    Comparable<?> getDerivedGaugeFromComparable(ObjectName object,
+                                                String attribute,
+                                                Comparable<?> value) {
+        return (Comparable<?>) value;
+    }
+
+    MonitorNotification buildAlarmNotification(ObjectName object,
+                                               String attribute,
+                                               Comparable<?> value){
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    boolean isThresholdTypeValid(ObjectName object,
+                                 String attribute,
+                                 Comparable<?> value) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static Class<? extends Number> classForType(NumericalType type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case BYTE:
+                return Byte.class;
+            case SHORT:
+                return Short.class;
+            case INTEGER:
+                return Integer.class;
+            case LONG:
+                return Long.class;
+            case FLOAT:
+                return Float.class;
+            case DOUBLE:
+                return Double.class;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Unsupported numerical type");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean isValidForType(Object value, Class<? extends Number> c) {
+        return ((value == INTEGER_ZERO) || c.isInstance(value));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the specified {@code ObservedObject} if this object is
+     * contained in the set of observed MBeans, or {@code null}
+     * otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param object the name of the {@code ObservedObject} to retrieve.
+     *
+     * @return The {@code ObservedObject} associated to the supplied
+     * {@code ObjectName}.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    synchronized ObservedObject getObservedObject(ObjectName object) {
+        for (ObservedObject o : observedObjects)
+            if (o.getObservedObject().equals(object))
+                return o;
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory method for ObservedObject creation.
+     *
+     * @since 1.6
+     */
+    ObservedObject createObservedObject(ObjectName object) {
+        return new ObservedObject(object);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the {@link #alreadyNotified} array from
+     * the {@code ObservedObject} array list.
+     */
+    synchronized void createAlreadyNotified() {
+        // Update elementCount.
+        //
+        elementCount = observedObjects.size();
+
+        // Update arrays.
+        //
+        alreadyNotifieds = new int[elementCount];
+        for (int i = 0; i < elementCount; i++) {
+            alreadyNotifieds[i] = observedObjects.get(i).getAlreadyNotified();
+        }
+        updateDeprecatedAlreadyNotified();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the deprecated {@link #alreadyNotified} field.
+     */
+    synchronized void updateDeprecatedAlreadyNotified() {
+        if (elementCount > 0)
+            alreadyNotified = alreadyNotifieds[0];
+        else
+            alreadyNotified = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the {@link #alreadyNotifieds} array element at the given index
+     * with the already notified flag in the given {@code ObservedObject}.
+     * Ensure the deprecated {@link #alreadyNotified} field is updated
+     * if appropriate.
+     */
+    synchronized void updateAlreadyNotified(ObservedObject o, int index) {
+        alreadyNotifieds[index] = o.getAlreadyNotified();
+        if (index == 0)
+            updateDeprecatedAlreadyNotified();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the given bits in the given element of {@link #alreadyNotifieds}
+     * are set.
+     */
+    synchronized boolean isAlreadyNotified(ObservedObject o, int mask) {
+        return ((o.getAlreadyNotified() & mask) != 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the given bits in the given element of {@link #alreadyNotifieds}.
+     * Ensure the deprecated {@link #alreadyNotified} field is updated
+     * if appropriate.
+     */
+    synchronized void setAlreadyNotified(ObservedObject o, int index,
+                                         int mask, int an[]) {
+        final int i = computeAlreadyNotifiedIndex(o, index, an);
+        if (i == -1)
+            return;
+        o.setAlreadyNotified(o.getAlreadyNotified() | mask);
+        updateAlreadyNotified(o, i);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the given bits in the given element of {@link #alreadyNotifieds}.
+     * Ensure the deprecated {@link #alreadyNotified} field is updated
+     * if appropriate.
+     */
+    synchronized void resetAlreadyNotified(ObservedObject o,
+                                           int index, int mask) {
+        o.setAlreadyNotified(o.getAlreadyNotified() & ~mask);
+        updateAlreadyNotified(o, index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset all bits in the given element of {@link #alreadyNotifieds}.
+     * Ensure the deprecated {@link #alreadyNotified} field is updated
+     * if appropriate.
+     */
+    synchronized void resetAllAlreadyNotified(ObservedObject o,
+                                              int index, int an[]) {
+        final int i = computeAlreadyNotifiedIndex(o, index, an);
+        if (i == -1)
+            return;
+        o.setAlreadyNotified(RESET_FLAGS_ALREADY_NOTIFIED);
+        updateAlreadyNotified(o, index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the {@link #alreadyNotifieds} array has been modified.
+     * If true recompute the index for the given observed object.
+     */
+    synchronized int computeAlreadyNotifiedIndex(ObservedObject o,
+                                                 int index, int an[]) {
+        if (an == alreadyNotifieds) {
+            return index;
+        } else {
+            return observedObjects.indexOf(o);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     *  PRIVATE METHODS
+     * ------------------------------------------
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * This method is used by the monitor MBean to create and send a
+     * monitor notification to all the listeners registered for this
+     * kind of notification.
+     *
+     * @param type The notification type.
+     * @param timeStamp The notification emission date.
+     * @param msg The notification message.
+     * @param derGauge The derived gauge.
+     * @param trigger The threshold/string (depending on the monitor
+     * type) that triggered off the notification.
+     * @param object The ObjectName of the observed object that triggered
+     * off the notification.
+     * @param onError Flag indicating if this monitor notification is
+     * an error notification or an alarm notification.
+     */
+    private void sendNotification(String type, long timeStamp, String msg,
+                                  Object derGauge, Object trigger,
+                                  ObjectName object, boolean onError) {
+        if (!isActive())
+            return;
+
+        if (MONITOR_LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
+            MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINER, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                    "sendNotification", "send notification: " +
+                    "\n\tNotification observed object = " + object +
+                    "\n\tNotification observed attribute = " + observedAttribute +
+                    "\n\tNotification derived gauge = " + derGauge);
+        }
+
+        long seqno = sequenceNumber.getAndIncrement();
+
+        MonitorNotification mn =
+            new MonitorNotification(type,
+                                    this,
+                                    seqno,
+                                    timeStamp,
+                                    msg,
+                                    object,
+                                    observedAttribute,
+                                    derGauge,
+                                    trigger);
+        if (onError)
+            onErrorNotification(mn);
+        sendNotification(mn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called by the monitor each time
+     * the granularity period has been exceeded.
+     * @param o The observed object.
+     */
+    private void monitor(ObservedObject o, int index, int an[]) {
+
+        String attribute = null;
+        String notifType = null;
+        String msg = null;
+        Object derGauge = null;
+        Object trigger = null;
+        ObjectName object = null;
+        Comparable<?> value = null;
+        MonitorNotification alarm = null;
+
+        if (!isActive())
+            return;
+
+        // Check that neither the observed object nor the
+        // observed attribute are null.  If the observed
+        // object or observed attribute is null, this means
+        // that the monitor started before a complete
+        // initialization and nothing is done.
+        //
+        synchronized (this) {
+            object = o.getObservedObject();
+            attribute = getObservedAttribute();
+            if (object == null || attribute == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check that the observed object is registered in the
+        // MBean server and that the observed attribute
+        // belongs to the observed object.
+        //
+        Object attributeValue = null;
+        try {
+            attributeValue = getAttribute(server, object, attribute);
+            if (attributeValue == null)
+                if (isAlreadyNotified(
+                        o, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                    return;
+                else {
+                    notifType = OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR;
+                    setAlreadyNotified(
+                        o, index, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                    msg = "The observed attribute value is null.";
+                    MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                            "monitor", msg);
+                }
+        } catch (NullPointerException np_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(o, index, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg =
+                    "The monitor must be registered in the MBean " +
+                    "server or an MBeanServerConnection must be " +
+                    "explicitly supplied.";
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", np_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (InstanceNotFoundException inf_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, OBSERVED_OBJECT_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = OBSERVED_OBJECT_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(
+                    o, index, OBSERVED_OBJECT_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg =
+                    "The observed object must be accessible in " +
+                    "the MBeanServerConnection.";
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", inf_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (AttributeNotFoundException anf_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(
+                    o, index, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg =
+                    "The observed attribute must be accessible in " +
+                    "the observed object.";
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", anf_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (MBeanException mb_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(o, index, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg = mb_ex.getMessage() == null ? "" : mb_ex.getMessage();
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", mb_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (ReflectionException ref_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED)) {
+                return;
+            } else {
+                notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(o, index, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg = ref_ex.getMessage() == null ? "" : ref_ex.getMessage();
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", ref_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (IOException io_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(o, index, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg = io_ex.getMessage() == null ? "" : io_ex.getMessage();
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", io_ex.toString());
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException rt_ex) {
+            if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                return;
+            else {
+                notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                setAlreadyNotified(o, index, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                msg = rt_ex.getMessage() == null ? "" : rt_ex.getMessage();
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", msg);
+                MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST, Monitor.class.getName(),
+                        "monitor", rt_ex.toString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+
+            // Check if the monitor has been stopped.
+            //
+            if (!isActive())
+                return;
+
+            // Check if the observed attribute has been changed.
+            //
+            // Avoid race condition where mbs.getAttribute() succeeded but
+            // another thread replaced the observed attribute meanwhile.
+            //
+            // Avoid setting computed derived gauge on erroneous attribute.
+            //
+            if (!attribute.equals(getObservedAttribute()))
+                return;
+
+            // Derive a Comparable object from the ObservedAttribute value
+            // if the type of the ObservedAttribute value is a complex type.
+            //
+            if (msg == null) {
+                try {
+                    value = getComparableFromAttribute(object,
+                                                       attribute,
+                                                       attributeValue);
+                } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(
+                            o, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(o, index,
+                            OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        msg =
+                            "The observed attribute value does not " +
+                            "implement the Comparable interface.";
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", e.toString());
+                    }
+                } catch (AttributeNotFoundException e) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(o, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(
+                            o, index, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        msg =
+                            "The observed attribute must be accessible in " +
+                            "the observed object.";
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", e.toString());
+                    }
+                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(o, index,
+                            RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        msg = e.getMessage() == null ? "" : e.getMessage();
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", e.toString());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Check that the observed attribute type is supported by this
+            // monitor.
+            //
+            if (msg == null) {
+                if (!isComparableTypeValid(object, attribute, value)) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(
+                            o, OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(o, index,
+                            OBSERVED_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        msg = "The observed attribute type is not valid.";
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Check that threshold type is supported by this monitor.
+            //
+            if (msg == null) {
+                if (!isThresholdTypeValid(object, attribute, value)) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(o, THRESHOLD_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = THRESHOLD_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(o, index,
+                            THRESHOLD_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        msg = "The threshold type is not valid.";
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Let someone subclassing the monitor to perform additional
+            // monitor consistency checks and report errors if necessary.
+            //
+            if (msg == null) {
+                msg = buildErrorNotification(object, attribute, value);
+                if (msg != null) {
+                    if (isAlreadyNotified(o, RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED))
+                        return;
+                    else {
+                        notifType = RUNTIME_ERROR;
+                        setAlreadyNotified(o, index,
+                            RUNTIME_ERROR_NOTIFIED, an);
+                        MONITOR_LOGGER.logp(Level.FINEST,
+                                Monitor.class.getName(), "monitor", msg);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If no errors were found then clear all error flags and
+            // let the monitor decide if a notification must be sent.
+            //
+            if (msg == null) {
+                // Clear all already notified flags.
+                //
+                resetAllAlreadyNotified(o, index, an);
+
+                // Get derived gauge from comparable value.
+                //
+                derGauge = getDerivedGaugeFromComparable(object,
+                                                         attribute,
+                                                         value);
+
+                o.setDerivedGauge(derGauge);
+                o.setDerivedGaugeTimeStamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
+
+                // Check if an alarm must be fired.
+                //
+                alarm = buildAlarmNotification(object,
+                                               attribute,
+                                               (Comparable<?>) derGauge);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        // Notify monitor errors
+        //
+        if (msg != null)
+            sendNotification(notifType,
+                             System.currentTimeMillis(),
+                             msg,
+                             derGauge,
+                             trigger,
+                             object,
+                             true);
+
+        // Notify monitor alarms
+        //
+        if (alarm != null && alarm.getType() != null)
+            sendNotification(alarm.getType(),
+                             System.currentTimeMillis(),
+                             alarm.getMessage(),
+                             derGauge,
+                             alarm.getTrigger(),
+                             object,
+                             false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cleanup the scheduler and monitor tasks futures.
+     */
+    private synchronized void cleanupFutures() {
+        if (schedulerFuture != null) {
+            schedulerFuture.cancel(false);
+            schedulerFuture = null;
+        }
+        if (monitorFuture != null) {
+            monitorFuture.cancel(false);
+            monitorFuture = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cleanup the "is complex type attribute" info.
+     */
+    private synchronized void cleanupIsComplexTypeAttribute() {
+        firstAttribute = null;
+        remainingAttributes.clear();
+        isComplexTypeAttribute = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * SchedulerTask nested class: This class implements the Runnable interface.
+     *
+     * The SchedulerTask is executed periodically with a given fixed delay by
+     * the Scheduled Executor Service.
+     */
+    private class SchedulerTask implements Runnable {
+
+        private Runnable task = null;
+
+        /*
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         *  CONSTRUCTORS
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         */
+
+        public SchedulerTask(Runnable task) {
+            this.task = task;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         *  PUBLIC METHODS
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         */
+
+        public void run() {
+            synchronized (Monitor.this) {
+                Monitor.this.monitorFuture = executor.submit(task);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * MonitorTask nested class: This class implements the Runnable interface.
+     *
+     * The MonitorTask is executed periodically with a given fixed delay by the
+     * Scheduled Executor Service.
+     */
+    private class MonitorTask implements Runnable {
+
+        /*
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         *  CONSTRUCTORS
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         */
+
+        public MonitorTask() {
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         *  PUBLIC METHODS
+         * ------------------------------------------
+         */
+
+        public void run() {
+            final ScheduledFuture<?> sf;
+            synchronized (Monitor.this) {
+                sf = Monitor.this.schedulerFuture;
+            }
+            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
+                public Void run() {
+                    if (Monitor.this.isActive()) {
+                        final int an[] = alreadyNotifieds;
+                        int index = 0;
+                        for (ObservedObject o : Monitor.this.observedObjects) {
+                            if (Monitor.this.isActive()) {
+                                Monitor.this.monitor(o, index++, an);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }, Monitor.this.acc);
+            synchronized (Monitor.this) {
+                if (Monitor.this.isActive() &&
+                    Monitor.this.schedulerFuture == sf) {
+                    Monitor.this.monitorFuture = null;
+                    Monitor.this.schedulerFuture =
+                        scheduler.schedule(Monitor.this.schedulerTask,
+                                           Monitor.this.getGranularityPeriod(),
+                                           TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Daemon thread factory used by the monitor executors.
+     * <P>
+     * This factory creates all new threads used by an Executor in
+     * the same ThreadGroup. If there is a SecurityManager, it uses
+     * the group of System.getSecurityManager(), else the group of
+     * the thread instantiating this DaemonThreadFactory. Each new
+     * thread is created as a daemon thread with priority
+     * Thread.NORM_PRIORITY. New threads have names accessible via
+     * Thread.getName() of "JMX Monitor <pool-name> Pool [Thread-M]",
+     * where M is the sequence number of the thread created by this
+     * factory.
+     */
+    private static class DaemonThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
+        final ThreadGroup group;
+        final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
+        final String namePrefix;
+        final String nameSuffix = "]";
+
+        public DaemonThreadFactory(String poolName) {
+            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
+            group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
+                                  Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
+            namePrefix = "JMX Monitor " + poolName + " Pool [Thread-";
+        }
+
+        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
+            Thread t = new Thread(group,
+                                  r,
+                                  namePrefix +
+                                  threadNumber.getAndIncrement() +
+                                  nameSuffix,
+                                  0);
+            t.setDaemon(true);
+            if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
+                t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
+            return t;
+        }
+    }
+}