jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/LinkedHashMap.java
changeset 2 90ce3da70b43
child 5506 202f599c92aa
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/share/classes/java/util/LinkedHashMap.java	Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 2007 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2000-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Sun designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ */
+
+package java.util;
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Hash table and linked list implementation of the <tt>Map</tt> interface,
+ * with predictable iteration order.  This implementation differs from
+ * <tt>HashMap</tt> in that it maintains a doubly-linked list running through
+ * all of its entries.  This linked list defines the iteration ordering,
+ * which is normally the order in which keys were inserted into the map
+ * (<i>insertion-order</i>).  Note that insertion order is not affected
+ * if a key is <i>re-inserted</i> into the map.  (A key <tt>k</tt> is
+ * reinserted into a map <tt>m</tt> if <tt>m.put(k, v)</tt> is invoked when
+ * <tt>m.containsKey(k)</tt> would return <tt>true</tt> immediately prior to
+ * the invocation.)
+ *
+ * <p>This implementation spares its clients from the unspecified, generally
+ * chaotic ordering provided by {@link HashMap} (and {@link Hashtable}),
+ * without incurring the increased cost associated with {@link TreeMap}.  It
+ * can be used to produce a copy of a map that has the same order as the
+ * original, regardless of the original map's implementation:
+ * <pre>
+ *     void foo(Map m) {
+ *         Map copy = new LinkedHashMap(m);
+ *         ...
+ *     }
+ * </pre>
+ * This technique is particularly useful if a module takes a map on input,
+ * copies it, and later returns results whose order is determined by that of
+ * the copy.  (Clients generally appreciate having things returned in the same
+ * order they were presented.)
+ *
+ * <p>A special {@link #LinkedHashMap(int,float,boolean) constructor} is
+ * provided to create a linked hash map whose order of iteration is the order
+ * in which its entries were last accessed, from least-recently accessed to
+ * most-recently (<i>access-order</i>).  This kind of map is well-suited to
+ * building LRU caches.  Invoking the <tt>put</tt> or <tt>get</tt> method
+ * results in an access to the corresponding entry (assuming it exists after
+ * the invocation completes).  The <tt>putAll</tt> method generates one entry
+ * access for each mapping in the specified map, in the order that key-value
+ * mappings are provided by the specified map's entry set iterator.  <i>No
+ * other methods generate entry accesses.</i> In particular, operations on
+ * collection-views do <i>not</i> affect the order of iteration of the backing
+ * map.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link #removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry)} method may be overridden to
+ * impose a policy for removing stale mappings automatically when new mappings
+ * are added to the map.
+ *
+ * <p>This class provides all of the optional <tt>Map</tt> operations, and
+ * permits null elements.  Like <tt>HashMap</tt>, it provides constant-time
+ * performance for the basic operations (<tt>add</tt>, <tt>contains</tt> and
+ * <tt>remove</tt>), assuming the hash function disperses elements
+ * properly among the buckets.  Performance is likely to be just slightly
+ * below that of <tt>HashMap</tt>, due to the added expense of maintaining the
+ * linked list, with one exception: Iteration over the collection-views
+ * of a <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> requires time proportional to the <i>size</i>
+ * of the map, regardless of its capacity.  Iteration over a <tt>HashMap</tt>
+ * is likely to be more expensive, requiring time proportional to its
+ * <i>capacity</i>.
+ *
+ * <p>A linked hash map has two parameters that affect its performance:
+ * <i>initial capacity</i> and <i>load factor</i>.  They are defined precisely
+ * as for <tt>HashMap</tt>.  Note, however, that the penalty for choosing an
+ * excessively high value for initial capacity is less severe for this class
+ * than for <tt>HashMap</tt>, as iteration times for this class are unaffected
+ * by capacity.
+ *
+ * <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.</strong>
+ * If multiple threads access a linked hash map concurrently, and at least
+ * one of the threads modifies the map structurally, it <em>must</em> be
+ * synchronized externally.  This is typically accomplished by
+ * synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
+ *
+ * If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
+ * {@link Collections#synchronizedMap Collections.synchronizedMap}
+ * method.  This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
+ * unsynchronized access to the map:<pre>
+ *   Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new LinkedHashMap(...));</pre>
+ *
+ * A structural modification is any operation that adds or deletes one or more
+ * mappings or, in the case of access-ordered linked hash maps, affects
+ * iteration order.  In insertion-ordered linked hash maps, merely changing
+ * the value associated with a key that is already contained in the map is not
+ * a structural modification.  <strong>In access-ordered linked hash maps,
+ * merely querying the map with <tt>get</tt> is a structural
+ * modification.</strong>)
+ *
+ * <p>The iterators returned by the <tt>iterator</tt> method of the collections
+ * returned by all of this class's collection view methods are
+ * <em>fail-fast</em>: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
+ * the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
+ * <tt>remove</tt> method, the iterator will throw a {@link
+ * ConcurrentModificationException}.  Thus, in the face of concurrent
+ * modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
+ * arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
+ * as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
+ * presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast iterators
+ * throw <tt>ConcurrentModificationException</tt> on a best-effort basis.
+ * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
+ * exception for its correctness:   <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
+ * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
+ *
+ * <p>This class is a member of the
+ * <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
+ * Java Collections Framework</a>.
+ *
+ * @param <K> the type of keys maintained by this map
+ * @param <V> the type of mapped values
+ *
+ * @author  Josh Bloch
+ * @see     Object#hashCode()
+ * @see     Collection
+ * @see     Map
+ * @see     HashMap
+ * @see     TreeMap
+ * @see     Hashtable
+ * @since   1.4
+ */
+
+public class LinkedHashMap<K,V>
+    extends HashMap<K,V>
+    implements Map<K,V>
+{
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3801124242820219131L;
+
+    /**
+     * The head of the doubly linked list.
+     */
+    private transient Entry<K,V> header;
+
+    /**
+     * The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt>
+     * for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.
+     *
+     * @serial
+     */
+    private final boolean accessOrder;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
+     * with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
+     *
+     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
+     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
+     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
+     */
+    public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
+        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
+        accessOrder = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
+     * with the specified initial capacity and a default load factor (0.75).
+     *
+     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
+     */
+    public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
+        super(initialCapacity);
+        accessOrder = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance
+     * with the default initial capacity (16) and load factor (0.75).
+     */
+    public LinkedHashMap() {
+        super();
+        accessOrder = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an insertion-ordered <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with
+     * the same mappings as the specified map.  The <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt>
+     * instance is created with a default load factor (0.75) and an initial
+     * capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified map.
+     *
+     * @param  m the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map
+     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified map is null
+     */
+    public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
+        super(m);
+        accessOrder = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an empty <tt>LinkedHashMap</tt> instance with the
+     * specified initial capacity, load factor and ordering mode.
+     *
+     * @param  initialCapacity the initial capacity
+     * @param  loadFactor      the load factor
+     * @param  accessOrder     the ordering mode - <tt>true</tt> for
+     *         access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is negative
+     *         or the load factor is nonpositive
+     */
+    public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
+                         float loadFactor,
+                         boolean accessOrder) {
+        super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
+        this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by superclass constructors and pseudoconstructors (clone,
+     * readObject) before any entries are inserted into the map.  Initializes
+     * the chain.
+     */
+    void init() {
+        header = new Entry<K,V>(-1, null, null, null);
+        header.before = header.after = header;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Transfers all entries to new table array.  This method is called
+     * by superclass resize.  It is overridden for performance, as it is
+     * faster to iterate using our linked list.
+     */
+    void transfer(HashMap.Entry[] newTable) {
+        int newCapacity = newTable.length;
+        for (Entry<K,V> e = header.after; e != header; e = e.after) {
+            int index = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
+            e.next = newTable[index];
+            newTable[index] = e;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
+     * specified value.
+     *
+     * @param value value whose presence in this map is to be tested
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this map maps one or more keys to the
+     *         specified value
+     */
+    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
+        // Overridden to take advantage of faster iterator
+        if (value==null) {
+            for (Entry e = header.after; e != header; e = e.after)
+                if (e.value==null)
+                    return true;
+        } else {
+            for (Entry e = header.after; e != header; e = e.after)
+                if (value.equals(e.value))
+                    return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
+     * or {@code null} if this map contains no mapping for the key.
+     *
+     * <p>More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
+     * {@code k} to a value {@code v} such that {@code (key==null ? k==null :
+     * key.equals(k))}, then this method returns {@code v}; otherwise
+     * it returns {@code null}.  (There can be at most one such mapping.)
+     *
+     * <p>A return value of {@code null} does not <i>necessarily</i>
+     * indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
+     * possible that the map explicitly maps the key to {@code null}.
+     * The {@link #containsKey containsKey} operation may be used to
+     * distinguish these two cases.
+     */
+    public V get(Object key) {
+        Entry<K,V> e = (Entry<K,V>)getEntry(key);
+        if (e == null)
+            return null;
+        e.recordAccess(this);
+        return e.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all of the mappings from this map.
+     * The map will be empty after this call returns.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        super.clear();
+        header.before = header.after = header;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * LinkedHashMap entry.
+     */
+    private static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Entry<K,V> {
+        // These fields comprise the doubly linked list used for iteration.
+        Entry<K,V> before, after;
+
+        Entry(int hash, K key, V value, HashMap.Entry<K,V> next) {
+            super(hash, key, value, next);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes this entry from the linked list.
+         */
+        private void remove() {
+            before.after = after;
+            after.before = before;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Inserts this entry before the specified existing entry in the list.
+         */
+        private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) {
+            after  = existingEntry;
+            before = existingEntry.before;
+            before.after = this;
+            after.before = this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * This method is invoked by the superclass whenever the value
+         * of a pre-existing entry is read by Map.get or modified by Map.set.
+         * If the enclosing Map is access-ordered, it moves the entry
+         * to the end of the list; otherwise, it does nothing.
+         */
+        void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
+            LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m;
+            if (lm.accessOrder) {
+                lm.modCount++;
+                remove();
+                addBefore(lm.header);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
+            remove();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private abstract class LinkedHashIterator<T> implements Iterator<T> {
+        Entry<K,V> nextEntry    = header.after;
+        Entry<K,V> lastReturned = null;
+
+        /**
+         * The modCount value that the iterator believes that the backing
+         * List should have.  If this expectation is violated, the iterator
+         * has detected concurrent modification.
+         */
+        int expectedModCount = modCount;
+
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            return nextEntry != header;
+        }
+
+        public void remove() {
+            if (lastReturned == null)
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
+                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+
+            LinkedHashMap.this.remove(lastReturned.key);
+            lastReturned = null;
+            expectedModCount = modCount;
+        }
+
+        Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
+            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
+                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+            if (nextEntry == header)
+                throw new NoSuchElementException();
+
+            Entry<K,V> e = lastReturned = nextEntry;
+            nextEntry = e.after;
+            return e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class KeyIterator extends LinkedHashIterator<K> {
+        public K next() { return nextEntry().getKey(); }
+    }
+
+    private class ValueIterator extends LinkedHashIterator<V> {
+        public V next() { return nextEntry().value; }
+    }
+
+    private class EntryIterator extends LinkedHashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
+        public Map.Entry<K,V> next() { return nextEntry(); }
+    }
+
+    // These Overrides alter the behavior of superclass view iterator() methods
+    Iterator<K> newKeyIterator()   { return new KeyIterator();   }
+    Iterator<V> newValueIterator() { return new ValueIterator(); }
+    Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> newEntryIterator() { return new EntryIterator(); }
+
+    /**
+     * This override alters behavior of superclass put method. It causes newly
+     * allocated entry to get inserted at the end of the linked list and
+     * removes the eldest entry if appropriate.
+     */
+    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
+        createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
+
+        // Remove eldest entry if instructed, else grow capacity if appropriate
+        Entry<K,V> eldest = header.after;
+        if (removeEldestEntry(eldest)) {
+            removeEntryForKey(eldest.key);
+        } else {
+            if (size >= threshold)
+                resize(2 * table.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This override differs from addEntry in that it doesn't resize the
+     * table or remove the eldest entry.
+     */
+    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
+        HashMap.Entry<K,V> old = table[bucketIndex];
+        Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, old);
+        table[bucketIndex] = e;
+        e.addBefore(header);
+        size++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map should remove its eldest entry.
+     * This method is invoked by <tt>put</tt> and <tt>putAll</tt> after
+     * inserting a new entry into the map.  It provides the implementor
+     * with the opportunity to remove the eldest entry each time a new one
+     * is added.  This is useful if the map represents a cache: it allows
+     * the map to reduce memory consumption by deleting stale entries.
+     *
+     * <p>Sample use: this override will allow the map to grow up to 100
+     * entries and then delete the eldest entry each time a new entry is
+     * added, maintaining a steady state of 100 entries.
+     * <pre>
+     *     private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 100;
+     *
+     *     protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) {
+     *        return size() > MAX_ENTRIES;
+     *     }
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * <p>This method typically does not modify the map in any way,
+     * instead allowing the map to modify itself as directed by its
+     * return value.  It <i>is</i> permitted for this method to modify
+     * the map directly, but if it does so, it <i>must</i> return
+     * <tt>false</tt> (indicating that the map should not attempt any
+     * further modification).  The effects of returning <tt>true</tt>
+     * after modifying the map from within this method are unspecified.
+     *
+     * <p>This implementation merely returns <tt>false</tt> (so that this
+     * map acts like a normal map - the eldest element is never removed).
+     *
+     * @param    eldest The least recently inserted entry in the map, or if
+     *           this is an access-ordered map, the least recently accessed
+     *           entry.  This is the entry that will be removed it this
+     *           method returns <tt>true</tt>.  If the map was empty prior
+     *           to the <tt>put</tt> or <tt>putAll</tt> invocation resulting
+     *           in this invocation, this will be the entry that was just
+     *           inserted; in other words, if the map contains a single
+     *           entry, the eldest entry is also the newest.
+     * @return   <tt>true</tt> if the eldest entry should be removed
+     *           from the map; <tt>false</tt> if it should be retained.
+     */
+    protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) {
+        return false;
+    }
+}