jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Layer.java
changeset 44545 83b611b88ac8
parent 44480 2c33418a6d57
child 44546 10bdbc025c7f
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/reflect/Layer.java	Thu Apr 06 17:01:03 2017 +0000
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,949 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2014, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
- *
- * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
- * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
- * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
- *
- * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
- * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
- * accompanied this code).
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
- * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
- *
- * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
- * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
- * questions.
- */
-
-package java.lang.reflect;
-
-import java.lang.module.Configuration;
-import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
-import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
-import java.util.ArrayDeque;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.Deque;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Objects;
-import java.util.Optional;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import java.util.stream.Stream;
-
-import jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaderValue;
-import jdk.internal.loader.Loader;
-import jdk.internal.loader.LoaderPool;
-import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;
-import jdk.internal.module.Modules;
-import jdk.internal.module.ServicesCatalog;
-import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
-
-
-/**
- * A layer of modules in the Java virtual machine.
- *
- * <p> A layer is created from a graph of modules in a {@link Configuration}
- * and a function that maps each module to a {@link ClassLoader}.
- * Creating a layer informs the Java virtual machine about the classes that
- * may be loaded from the modules so that the Java virtual machine knows which
- * module that each class is a member of. </p>
- *
- * <p> Creating a layer creates a {@link Module} object for each {@link
- * ResolvedModule} in the configuration. For each resolved module that is
- * {@link ResolvedModule#reads() read}, the {@code Module} {@link
- * Module#canRead reads} the corresponding run-time {@code Module}, which may
- * be in the same layer or a {@link #parents() parent} layer. </p>
- *
- * <p> The {@link #defineModulesWithOneLoader defineModulesWithOneLoader} and
- * {@link #defineModulesWithManyLoaders defineModulesWithManyLoaders} methods
- * provide convenient ways to create a {@code Layer} where all modules are
- * mapped to a single class loader or where each module is mapped to its own
- * class loader. The {@link #defineModules defineModules} method is for more
- * advanced cases where modules are mapped to custom class loaders by means of
- * a function specified to the method. Each of these methods has an instance
- * and static variant. The instance methods create a layer with the receiver
- * as the parent layer. The static methods are for more advanced cases where
- * there can be more than one parent layer or where a {@link Layer.Controller
- * Controller} is needed to control modules in the layer. </p>
- *
- * <p> A Java virtual machine has at least one non-empty layer, the {@link
- * #boot() boot} layer, that is created when the Java virtual machine is
- * started. The boot layer contains module {@code java.base} and is the only
- * layer in the Java virtual machine with a module named "{@code java.base}".
- * The modules in the boot layer are mapped to the bootstrap class loader and
- * other class loaders that are <a href="../ClassLoader.html#builtinLoaders">
- * built-in</a> into the Java virtual machine. The boot layer will often be
- * the {@link #parents() parent} when creating additional layers. </p>
- *
- * <p> Each {@code Module} in a layer is created so that it {@link
- * Module#isExported(String) exports} and {@link Module#isOpen(String) opens}
- * the packages described by its {@link ModuleDescriptor}. Qualified exports
- * (where a package is exported to a set of target modules rather than all
- * modules) are reified when creating the layer as follows: </p>
- * <ul>
- *     <li> If module {@code X} exports a package to {@code Y}, and if the
- *     runtime {@code Module} {@code X} reads {@code Module} {@code Y}, then
- *     the package is exported to {@code Module} {@code Y} (which may be in
- *     the same layer as {@code X} or a parent layer). </li>
- *
- *     <li> If module {@code X} exports a package to {@code Y}, and if the
- *     runtime {@code Module} {@code X} does not read {@code Y} then target
- *     {@code Y} is located as if by invoking {@link #findModule(String)
- *     findModule} to find the module in the layer or its parent layers. If
- *     {@code Y} is found then the package is exported to the instance of
- *     {@code Y} that was found. If {@code Y} is not found then the qualified
- *     export is ignored. </li>
- * </ul>
- *
- * <p> Qualified opens are handled in same way as qualified exports. </p>
- *
- * <p> As when creating a {@code Configuration},
- * {@link ModuleDescriptor#isAutomatic() automatic} modules receive special
- * treatment when creating a layer. An automatic module is created in the
- * Java virtual machine as a {@code Module} that reads every unnamed {@code
- * Module} in the Java virtual machine. </p>
- *
- * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a {@code null} argument to a method
- * in this class causes a {@link NullPointerException NullPointerException} to
- * be thrown. </p>
- *
- * <h3> Example usage: </h3>
- *
- * <p> This example creates a configuration by resolving a module named
- * "{@code myapp}" with the configuration for the boot layer as the parent. It
- * then creates a new layer with the modules in this configuration. All modules
- * are defined to the same class loader. </p>
- *
- * <pre>{@code
- *     ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder.of(dir1, dir2, dir3);
- *
- *     Layer parent = Layer.boot();
- *
- *     Configuration cf = parent.configuration().resolve(finder, ModuleFinder.of(), Set.of("myapp"));
- *
- *     ClassLoader scl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
- *
- *     Layer layer = parent.defineModulesWithOneLoader(cf, scl);
- *
- *     Class<?> c = layer.findLoader("myapp").loadClass("app.Main");
- * }</pre>
- *
- * @since 9
- * @spec JPMS
- * @see Module#getLayer()
- */
-
-public final class Layer {
-
-    // the empty Layer
-    private static final Layer EMPTY_LAYER
-        = new Layer(Configuration.empty(), List.of(), null);
-
-    // the configuration from which this Layer was created
-    private final Configuration cf;
-
-    // parent layers, empty in the case of the empty layer
-    private final List<Layer> parents;
-
-    // maps module name to jlr.Module
-    private final Map<String, Module> nameToModule;
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new Layer from the modules in the given configuration.
-     */
-    private Layer(Configuration cf,
-                  List<Layer> parents,
-                  Function<String, ClassLoader> clf)
-    {
-        this.cf = cf;
-        this.parents = parents; // no need to do defensive copy
-
-        Map<String, Module> map;
-        if (parents.isEmpty()) {
-            map = Collections.emptyMap();
-        } else {
-            map = Module.defineModules(cf, clf, this);
-        }
-        this.nameToModule = map; // no need to do defensive copy
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Controls a layer. The static methods defined by {@link Layer} to create
-     * module layers return a {@code Controller} that can be used to control
-     * modules in the layer.
-     *
-     * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a {@code null} argument to a
-     * method in this class causes a {@link NullPointerException
-     * NullPointerException} to be thrown. </p>
-     *
-     * @apiNote Care should be taken with {@code Controller} objects, they
-     * should never be shared with untrusted code.
-     *
-     * @since 9
-     * @spec JPMS
-     */
-    public static final class Controller {
-        private final Layer layer;
-
-        Controller(Layer layer) {
-            this.layer = layer;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Returns the layer that this object controls.
-         *
-         * @return the layer
-         */
-        public Layer layer() {
-            return layer;
-        }
-
-        private void ensureInLayer(Module source) {
-            if (source.getLayer() != layer)
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(source + " not in layer");
-        }
-
-
-        /**
-         * Updates module {@code source} in the layer to read module
-         * {@code target}. This method is a no-op if {@code source} already
-         * reads {@code target}.
-         *
-         * @implNote <em>Read edges</em> added by this method are <em>weak</em>
-         * and do not prevent {@code target} from being GC'ed when {@code source}
-         * is strongly reachable.
-         *
-         * @param  source
-         *         The source module
-         * @param  target
-         *         The target module to read
-         *
-         * @return This controller
-         *
-         * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-         *         If {@code source} is not in the layer
-         *
-         * @see Module#addReads
-         */
-        public Controller addReads(Module source, Module target) {
-            ensureInLayer(source);
-            Objects.requireNonNull(target);
-            Modules.addReads(source, target);
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Updates module {@code source} in the layer to open a package to
-         * module {@code target}. This method is a no-op if {@code source}
-         * already opens the package to at least {@code target}.
-         *
-         * @param  source
-         *         The source module
-         * @param  pn
-         *         The package name
-         * @param  target
-         *         The target module to read
-         *
-         * @return This controller
-         *
-         * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-         *         If {@code source} is not in the layer or the package is not
-         *         in the source module
-         *
-         * @see Module#addOpens
-         */
-        public Controller addOpens(Module source, String pn, Module target) {
-            ensureInLayer(source);
-            Objects.requireNonNull(pn);
-            Objects.requireNonNull(target);
-            Modules.addOpens(source, pn, target);
-            return this;
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer, with this layer as its parent, by defining the
-     * modules in the given {@code Configuration} to the Java virtual machine.
-     * This method creates one class loader and defines all modules to that
-     * class loader. The {@link ClassLoader#getParent() parent} of each class
-     * loader is the given parent class loader. This method works exactly as
-     * specified by the static {@link
-     * #defineModulesWithOneLoader(Configuration,List,ClassLoader)
-     * defineModulesWithOneLoader} method when invoked with this layer as the
-     * parent. In other words, if this layer is {@code thisLayer} then this
-     * method is equivalent to invoking:
-     * <pre> {@code
-     *     Layer.defineModulesWithOneLoader(cf, List.of(thisLayer), parentLoader).layer();
-     * }</pre>
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  parentLoader
-     *         The parent class loader for the class loader created by this
-     *         method; may be {@code null} for the bootstrap class loader
-     *
-     * @return The newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent of the given configuration is not the configuration
-     *         for this layer
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If the layer cannot be created for any of the reasons specified
-     *         by the static {@code defineModulesWithOneLoader} method
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("createClassLoader")} or
-     *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     *
-     * @see #findLoader
-     */
-    public Layer defineModulesWithOneLoader(Configuration cf,
-                                            ClassLoader parentLoader) {
-        return defineModulesWithOneLoader(cf, List.of(this), parentLoader).layer();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer, with this layer as its parent, by defining the
-     * modules in the given {@code Configuration} to the Java virtual machine.
-     * Each module is defined to its own {@link ClassLoader} created by this
-     * method. The {@link ClassLoader#getParent() parent} of each class loader
-     * is the given parent class loader. This method works exactly as specified
-     * by the static {@link
-     * #defineModulesWithManyLoaders(Configuration,List,ClassLoader)
-     * defineModulesWithManyLoaders} method when invoked with this layer as the
-     * parent. In other words, if this layer is {@code thisLayer} then this
-     * method is equivalent to invoking:
-     * <pre> {@code
-     *     Layer.defineModulesWithManyLoaders(cf, List.of(thisLayer), parentLoader).layer();
-     * }</pre>
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  parentLoader
-     *         The parent class loader for each of the class loaders created by
-     *         this method; may be {@code null} for the bootstrap class loader
-     *
-     * @return The newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent of the given configuration is not the configuration
-     *         for this layer
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If the layer cannot be created for any of the reasons specified
-     *         by the static {@code defineModulesWithManyLoaders} method
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("createClassLoader")} or
-     *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     *
-     * @see #findLoader
-     */
-    public Layer defineModulesWithManyLoaders(Configuration cf,
-                                              ClassLoader parentLoader) {
-        return defineModulesWithManyLoaders(cf, List.of(this), parentLoader).layer();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer, with this layer as its parent, by defining the
-     * modules in the given {@code Configuration} to the Java virtual machine.
-     * Each module is mapped, by name, to its class loader by means of the
-     * given function. This method works exactly as specified by the static
-     * {@link #defineModules(Configuration,List,Function) defineModules}
-     * method when invoked with this layer as the parent. In other words, if
-     * this layer is {@code thisLayer} then this method is equivalent to
-     * invoking:
-     * <pre> {@code
-     *     Layer.defineModules(cf, List.of(thisLayer), clf).layer();
-     * }</pre>
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  clf
-     *         The function to map a module name to a class loader
-     *
-     * @return The newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent of the given configuration is not the configuration
-     *         for this layer
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If the layer cannot be created for any of the reasons specified
-     *         by the static {@code defineModules} method
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     */
-    public Layer defineModules(Configuration cf,
-                               Function<String, ClassLoader> clf) {
-        return defineModules(cf, List.of(this), clf).layer();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer by defining the modules in the given {@code
-     * Configuration} to the Java virtual machine. This method creates one
-     * class loader and defines all modules to that class loader.
-     *
-     * <p> The class loader created by this method implements <em>direct
-     * delegation</em> when loading types from modules. When its {@link
-     * ClassLoader#loadClass(String, boolean) loadClass} method is invoked to
-     * load a class then it uses the package name of the class to map it to a
-     * module. This may be a module in this layer and hence defined to the same
-     * class loader. It may be a package in a module in a parent layer that is
-     * exported to one or more of the modules in this layer. The class
-     * loader delegates to the class loader of the module, throwing {@code
-     * ClassNotFoundException} if not found by that class loader.
-     * When {@code loadClass} is invoked to load classes that do not map to a
-     * module then it delegates to the parent class loader. </p>
-     *
-     * <p> Attempting to create a layer with all modules defined to the same
-     * class loader can fail for the following reasons:
-     *
-     * <ul>
-     *
-     *     <li><p> <em>Overlapping packages</em>: Two or more modules in the
-     *     configuration have the same package. </p></li>
-     *
-     *     <li><p> <em>Split delegation</em>: The resulting class loader would
-     *     need to delegate to more than one class loader in order to load types
-     *     in a specific package. </p></li>
-     *
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * <p> In addition, a layer cannot be created if the configuration contains
-     * a module named "{@code java.base}", or a module contains a package named
-     * "{@code java}" or a package with a name starting with "{@code java.}". </p>
-     *
-     * <p> If there is a security manager then the class loader created by
-     * this method will load classes and resources with privileges that are
-     * restricted by the calling context of this method. </p>
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  parentLayers
-     *         The list of parent layers in search order
-     * @param  parentLoader
-     *         The parent class loader for the class loader created by this
-     *         method; may be {@code null} for the bootstrap class loader
-     *
-     * @return A controller that controls the newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent configurations do not match the configuration of
-     *         the parent layers, including order
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If all modules cannot be defined to the same class loader for any
-     *         of the reasons listed above
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("createClassLoader")} or
-     *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     *
-     * @see #findLoader
-     */
-    public static Controller defineModulesWithOneLoader(Configuration cf,
-                                                        List<Layer> parentLayers,
-                                                        ClassLoader parentLoader)
-    {
-        List<Layer> parents = new ArrayList<>(parentLayers);
-        checkConfiguration(cf, parents);
-
-        checkCreateClassLoaderPermission();
-        checkGetClassLoaderPermission();
-
-        try {
-            Loader loader = new Loader(cf.modules(), parentLoader);
-            loader.initRemotePackageMap(cf, parents);
-            Layer layer =  new Layer(cf, parents, mn -> loader);
-            return new Controller(layer);
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException e) {
-            throw new LayerInstantiationException(e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer by defining the modules in the given {@code
-     * Configuration} to the Java virtual machine. Each module is defined to
-     * its own {@link ClassLoader} created by this method. The {@link
-     * ClassLoader#getParent() parent} of each class loader is the given parent
-     * class loader.
-     *
-     * <p> The class loaders created by this method implement <em>direct
-     * delegation</em> when loading types from modules. When {@link
-     * ClassLoader#loadClass(String, boolean) loadClass} method is invoked to
-     * load a class then it uses the package name of the class to map it to a
-     * module. The package may be in the module defined to the class loader.
-     * The package may be exported by another module in this layer to the
-     * module defined to the class loader. It may be in a package exported by a
-     * module in a parent layer. The class loader delegates to the class loader
-     * of the module, throwing {@code ClassNotFoundException} if not found by
-     * that class loader.
-     * When {@code loadClass} is invoked to load classes that do not map to a
-     * module then it delegates to the parent class loader. </p>
-     *
-     * <p> If there is a security manager then the class loaders created by
-     * this method will load classes and resources with privileges that are
-     * restricted by the calling context of this method. </p>
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  parentLayers
-     *         The list of parent layers in search order
-     * @param  parentLoader
-     *         The parent class loader for each of the class loaders created by
-     *         this method; may be {@code null} for the bootstrap class loader
-     *
-     * @return A controller that controls the newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent configurations do not match the configuration of
-     *         the parent layers, including order
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If the layer cannot be created because the configuration contains
-     *         a module named "{@code java.base}" or a module contains a package
-     *         named "{@code java}" or a package with a name starting with
-     *         "{@code java.}"
-     *
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("createClassLoader")} or
-     *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     *
-     * @see #findLoader
-     */
-    public static Controller defineModulesWithManyLoaders(Configuration cf,
-                                                          List<Layer> parentLayers,
-                                                          ClassLoader parentLoader)
-    {
-        List<Layer> parents = new ArrayList<>(parentLayers);
-        checkConfiguration(cf, parents);
-
-        checkCreateClassLoaderPermission();
-        checkGetClassLoaderPermission();
-
-        LoaderPool pool = new LoaderPool(cf, parents, parentLoader);
-        try {
-            Layer layer = new Layer(cf, parents, pool::loaderFor);
-            return new Controller(layer);
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException e) {
-            throw new LayerInstantiationException(e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new layer by defining the modules in the given {@code
-     * Configuration} to the Java virtual machine. The given function maps each
-     * module in the configuration, by name, to a class loader. Creating the
-     * layer informs the Java virtual machine about the classes that may be
-     * loaded so that the Java virtual machine knows which module that each
-     * class is a member of.
-     *
-     * <p> The class loader delegation implemented by the class loaders must
-     * respect module readability. The class loaders should be
-     * {@link ClassLoader#registerAsParallelCapable parallel-capable} so as to
-     * avoid deadlocks during class loading. In addition, the entity creating
-     * a new layer with this method should arrange that the class loaders be
-     * ready to load from these modules before there are any attempts to load
-     * classes or resources. </p>
-     *
-     * <p> Creating a {@code Layer} can fail for the following reasons: </p>
-     *
-     * <ul>
-     *
-     *     <li><p> Two or more modules with the same package are mapped to the
-     *     same class loader. </p></li>
-     *
-     *     <li><p> A module is mapped to a class loader that already has a
-     *     module of the same name defined to it. </p></li>
-     *
-     *     <li><p> A module is mapped to a class loader that has already
-     *     defined types in any of the packages in the module. </p></li>
-     *
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * <p> In addition, a layer cannot be created if the configuration contains
-     * a module named "{@code java.base}", a configuration contains a module
-     * with a package named "{@code java}" or a package name starting with
-     * "{@code java.}" and the module is mapped to a class loader other than
-     * the {@link ClassLoader#getPlatformClassLoader() platform class loader},
-     * or the function to map a module name to a class loader returns
-     * {@code null}. </p>
-     *
-     * <p> If the function to map a module name to class loader throws an error
-     * or runtime exception then it is propagated to the caller of this method.
-     * </p>
-     *
-     * @apiNote It is implementation specific as to whether creating a Layer
-     * with this method is an atomic operation or not. Consequentially it is
-     * possible for this method to fail with some modules, but not all, defined
-     * to the Java virtual machine.
-     *
-     * @param  cf
-     *         The configuration for the layer
-     * @param  parentLayers
-     *         The list of parent layers in search order
-     * @param  clf
-     *         The function to map a module name to a class loader
-     *
-     * @return A controller that controls the newly created layer
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-     *         If the parent configurations do not match the configuration of
-     *         the parent layers, including order
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     *         If creating the layer fails for any of the reasons listed above
-     * @throws SecurityException
-     *         If {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} is denied by
-     *         the security manager
-     */
-    public static Controller defineModules(Configuration cf,
-                                           List<Layer> parentLayers,
-                                           Function<String, ClassLoader> clf)
-    {
-        List<Layer> parents = new ArrayList<>(parentLayers);
-        checkConfiguration(cf, parents);
-        Objects.requireNonNull(clf);
-
-        checkGetClassLoaderPermission();
-
-        // The boot layer is checked during module system initialization
-        if (boot() != null) {
-            checkForDuplicatePkgs(cf, clf);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            Layer layer = new Layer(cf, parents, clf);
-            return new Controller(layer);
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException e) {
-            throw new LayerInstantiationException(e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Checks that the parent configurations match the configuration of
-     * the parent layers.
-     */
-    private static void checkConfiguration(Configuration cf,
-                                           List<Layer> parentLayers)
-    {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(cf);
-
-        List<Configuration> parentConfigurations = cf.parents();
-        if (parentLayers.size() != parentConfigurations.size())
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("wrong number of parents");
-
-        int index = 0;
-        for (Layer parent : parentLayers) {
-            if (parent.configuration() != parentConfigurations.get(index)) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                        "Parent of configuration != configuration of this Layer");
-            }
-            index++;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static void checkCreateClassLoaderPermission() {
-        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (sm != null)
-            sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CREATE_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
-    }
-
-    private static void checkGetClassLoaderPermission() {
-        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (sm != null)
-            sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks a configuration and the module-to-loader mapping to ensure that
-     * no two modules mapped to the same class loader have the same package.
-     * It also checks that no two automatic modules have the same package.
-     *
-     * @throws LayerInstantiationException
-     */
-    private static void checkForDuplicatePkgs(Configuration cf,
-                                              Function<String, ClassLoader> clf)
-    {
-        // HashMap allows null keys
-        Map<ClassLoader, Set<String>> loaderToPackages = new HashMap<>();
-        for (ResolvedModule resolvedModule : cf.modules()) {
-            ModuleDescriptor descriptor = resolvedModule.reference().descriptor();
-            ClassLoader loader = clf.apply(descriptor.name());
-
-            Set<String> loaderPackages
-                = loaderToPackages.computeIfAbsent(loader, k -> new HashSet<>());
-
-            for (String pkg : descriptor.packages()) {
-                boolean added = loaderPackages.add(pkg);
-                if (!added) {
-                    throw fail("More than one module with package %s mapped" +
-                               " to the same class loader", pkg);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a LayerInstantiationException with the a message formatted from
-     * the given format string and arguments.
-     */
-    private static LayerInstantiationException fail(String fmt, Object ... args) {
-        String msg = String.format(fmt, args);
-        return new LayerInstantiationException(msg);
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the configuration for this layer.
-     *
-     * @return The configuration for this layer
-     */
-    public Configuration configuration() {
-        return cf;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the list of this layer's parents unless this is the
-     * {@linkplain #empty empty layer}, which has no parents and so an
-     * empty list is returned.
-     *
-     * @return The list of this layer's parents
-     */
-    public List<Layer> parents() {
-        return parents;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns an ordered stream of layers. The first element is is this layer,
-     * the remaining elements are the parent layers in DFS order.
-     *
-     * @implNote For now, the assumption is that the number of elements will
-     * be very low and so this method does not use a specialized spliterator.
-     */
-    Stream<Layer> layers() {
-        List<Layer> allLayers = this.allLayers;
-        if (allLayers != null)
-            return allLayers.stream();
-
-        allLayers = new ArrayList<>();
-        Set<Layer> visited = new HashSet<>();
-        Deque<Layer> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
-        visited.add(this);
-        stack.push(this);
-
-        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
-            Layer layer = stack.pop();
-            allLayers.add(layer);
-
-            // push in reverse order
-            for (int i = layer.parents.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                Layer parent = layer.parents.get(i);
-                if (!visited.contains(parent)) {
-                    visited.add(parent);
-                    stack.push(parent);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        this.allLayers = allLayers = Collections.unmodifiableList(allLayers);
-        return allLayers.stream();
-    }
-
-    private volatile List<Layer> allLayers;
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the set of the modules in this layer.
-     *
-     * @return A possibly-empty unmodifiable set of the modules in this layer
-     */
-    public Set<Module> modules() {
-        Set<Module> modules = this.modules;
-        if (modules == null) {
-            this.modules = modules =
-                Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet<>(nameToModule.values()));
-        }
-        return modules;
-    }
-
-    private volatile Set<Module> modules;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the module with the given name in this layer, or if not in this
-     * layer, the {@linkplain #parents parent} layers. Finding a module in
-     * parent layers is equivalent to invoking {@code findModule} on each
-     * parent, in search order, until the module is found or all parents have
-     * been searched. In a <em>tree of layers</em>  then this is equivalent to
-     * a depth-first search.
-     *
-     * @param  name
-     *         The name of the module to find
-     *
-     * @return The module with the given name or an empty {@code Optional}
-     *         if there isn't a module with this name in this layer or any
-     *         parent layer
-     */
-    public Optional<Module> findModule(String name) {
-        Objects.requireNonNull(name);
-        if (this == EMPTY_LAYER)
-            return Optional.empty();
-        Module m = nameToModule.get(name);
-        if (m != null)
-            return Optional.of(m);
-
-        return layers()
-                .skip(1)  // skip this layer
-                .map(l -> l.nameToModule)
-                .filter(map -> map.containsKey(name))
-                .map(map -> map.get(name))
-                .findAny();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the {@code ClassLoader} for the module with the given name. If
-     * a module of the given name is not in this layer then the {@link #parents
-     * parent} layers are searched in the manner specified by {@link
-     * #findModule(String) findModule}.
-     *
-     * <p> If there is a security manager then its {@code checkPermission}
-     * method is called with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
-     * permission to check that the caller is allowed to get access to the
-     * class loader. </p>
-     *
-     * @apiNote This method does not return an {@code Optional<ClassLoader>}
-     * because `null` must be used to represent the bootstrap class loader.
-     *
-     * @param  name
-     *         The name of the module to find
-     *
-     * @return The ClassLoader that the module is defined to
-     *
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if a module of the given name is not
-     *         defined in this layer or any parent of this layer
-     *
-     * @throws SecurityException if denied by the security manager
-     */
-    public ClassLoader findLoader(String name) {
-        Optional<Module> om = findModule(name);
-
-        // can't use map(Module::getClassLoader) as class loader can be null
-        if (om.isPresent()) {
-            return om.get().getClassLoader();
-        } else {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Module " + name
-                                               + " not known to this layer");
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a string describing this layer.
-     *
-     * @return A possibly empty string describing this layer
-     */
-    @Override
-    public String toString() {
-        return modules().stream()
-                .map(Module::getName)
-                .collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the <em>empty</em> layer. There are no modules in the empty
-     * layer. It has no parents.
-     *
-     * @return The empty layer
-     */
-    public static Layer empty() {
-        return EMPTY_LAYER;
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the boot layer. The boot layer contains at least one module,
-     * {@code java.base}. Its parent is the {@link #empty() empty} layer.
-     *
-     * @apiNote This method returns {@code null} during startup and before
-     *          the boot layer is fully initialized.
-     *
-     * @return The boot layer
-     */
-    public static Layer boot() {
-        return SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess().getBootLayer();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the ServicesCatalog for this Layer, creating it if not
-     * already created.
-     */
-    ServicesCatalog getServicesCatalog() {
-        ServicesCatalog servicesCatalog = this.servicesCatalog;
-        if (servicesCatalog != null)
-            return servicesCatalog;
-
-        synchronized (this) {
-            servicesCatalog = this.servicesCatalog;
-            if (servicesCatalog == null) {
-                servicesCatalog = ServicesCatalog.create();
-                nameToModule.values().forEach(servicesCatalog::register);
-                this.servicesCatalog = servicesCatalog;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return servicesCatalog;
-    }
-
-    private volatile ServicesCatalog servicesCatalog;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Record that this layer has at least one module defined to the given
-     * class loader.
-     */
-    void bindToLoader(ClassLoader loader) {
-        // CLV.computeIfAbsent(loader, (cl, clv) -> new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>())
-        List<Layer> list = CLV.get(loader);
-        if (list == null) {
-            list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
-            List<Layer> previous = CLV.putIfAbsent(loader, list);
-            if (previous != null) list = previous;
-        }
-        list.add(this);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a stream of the layers that have at least one module defined to
-     * the given class loader.
-     */
-    static Stream<Layer> layers(ClassLoader loader) {
-        List<Layer> list = CLV.get(loader);
-        if (list != null) {
-            return list.stream();
-        } else {
-            return Stream.empty();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // the list of layers with modules defined to a class loader
-    private static final ClassLoaderValue<List<Layer>> CLV = new ClassLoaderValue<>();
-}