make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/generatecharacter/GenerateCharacter.java
changeset 47216 71c04702a3d5
parent 31680 88c53c2293b4
child 58028 7ac4273bb49b
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/make/jdk/src/classes/build/tools/generatecharacter/GenerateCharacter.java	Tue Sep 12 19:03:39 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,1993 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package build.tools.generatecharacter;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import build.tools.generatecharacter.CharacterName;
+
+/**
+ * This program generates the source code for the class java.lang.Character.
+ * It also generates native C code that can perform the same operations.
+ * It requires two external input data files:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> Unicode specification file
+ * <li> Character class template file
+ * </ul>
+ * The Unicode specification file is available from the Unicode consortium.
+ * It has character specification lines that look like this:
+ * <listing>
+ * 0041;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0061;
+ * </listing>
+ * The Character class template file is filled in with additional
+ * information to produce the file Character.java, which can then be
+ * compiled by a Java compiler.  The template file contains certain
+ * markers consisting of an alphabetic name string preceded by "$$".
+ * Such markers are replaced with generated program text.  As a special
+ * case, the marker "Lookup(xxx)" is recognized, where "xxx" consists of
+ * alphabetic characters constituting a variable name.  The character "_"
+ * is considered alphabetic for these purposes.
+ *
+ * @author  Guy Steele
+ * @author  Alan Liu
+ * @author  John O'Conner
+ */
+
+public class GenerateCharacter {
+
+    final static boolean DEBUG = false;
+
+    final static String commandMarker = "$$";
+    static String ROOT                        = "";
+    static String DefaultUnicodeSpecFileName  = ROOT + "UnicodeData.txt";
+    static String DefaultSpecialCasingFileName = ROOT + "SpecialCasing.txt";
+    static String DefaultPropListFileName     = ROOT + "PropList.txt";
+    static String DefaultJavaTemplateFileName = ROOT + "Character.java.template";
+    static String DefaultJavaOutputFileName   = ROOT + "Character.java";
+    static String DefaultCTemplateFileName    = ROOT + "Character.c.template";
+    static String DefaultCOutputFileName      = ROOT + "Character.c";
+
+    static int plane = 0;
+
+    /* The overall idea is that, in the generated Character class source code,
+    most character property data is stored in a special multi-level table whose
+    structure is defined by a sequence of nonnegative integers [k1, k2, ..., kn].
+    The integers must sum to 16 (the number of bits in a character).
+    The first table is indexed by the k1 high-order bits of the character code.
+    The result is concatenated to the next k2 bits of the character code to index
+    the second table, and so on.  Eventually the kn low-order bits of the character
+    code are concatenated and used to index one of two tables A and B; A contains
+    32-bit integer entries and B contains 16-bit short entries.  The 48 bits that
+    can be thus obtained encode the properties for the character.
+
+    The default specification is [9, 4, 3, 0].  This particular table format was
+    designed by conducting an exhaustive search of table formats to minimize the
+    space consumed by the tables: the first and third tables need have only byte
+    values (the second table must have short values).  Another good choice is
+    [10, 6, 0], which produces a larger table but allows particularly fast table
+    lookup code.
+
+    In each case, where the word "concatenated" is used, this may imply
+    first a << and then a | operation, or perhaps just a | operation if
+    the values in the table can be preshifted (generally possible if the table
+    entries are short rather than byte).
+    */
+
+    /* The character properties are currently encoded into A (32 bits)and B (16 bits)
+       two parts.
+
+    A: the low 32 bits are defined  in the following manner:
+
+    1 bit Mirrored property.
+    4 bits      Bidirectional category (see below) (unused if -nobidi switch specified)
+    9 bits      A signed offset used for converting case .
+    1 bit       If 1, adding the signed offset converts the character to lowercase.
+    1 bit       If 1, subtracting the signed offset converts the character to uppercase.
+        Note: for a titlecase character, both of the preceding bits will be 1
+        and the signed offset will be 1.
+    1 bit   If 1, this character has a titlecase equivalent (possibly itself);
+        in this case, the two bits before this bit can be used to decide
+        whether this character is in fact uppercase, lowercase, or titlecase.
+    3 bits      This field provides a quick way to lex identifiers.
+        The eight possible values for this field are as follows:
+        0  May not be part of an identifier
+        1  Ignorable control; may continue a Unicode identifier or Java identifier
+        2  May continue a Java identifier but not a Unicode identifier (unused)
+        3  May continue a Unicode identifier or Java identifier
+        4  Is a Java whitespace character
+        5  May start or continue a Java identifier;
+           may continue but not start a Unicode identifier
+           (this value is used for connector punctuation such as _)
+        6  May start or continue a Java identifier;
+           may not occur in a Unicode identifier
+           (this value is used for currency symbols such as $)
+        7  May start or continue a Unicode identifier or Java identifier
+        Thus:
+           5, 6, 7 may start a Java identifier
+           1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 may continue a Java identifier
+           7 may start a Unicode identifier
+           1, 3, 5, 7 may continue a Unicode identifier
+           1 is ignorable within an identifier
+           4 is Java whitespace
+    2 bits      This field indicates whether the character has a numeric property.
+        The four possible values for this field are as follows:
+        0  This character has no numeric property.
+        1  Adding the digit offset to the character code and then
+           masking with 0x1F will produce the desired numeric value.
+        2  This character has a "strange" numeric value.
+        3  A Java supradecimal digit: adding the digit offset to the
+           character code, then masking with 0x1F, then adding 10
+           will produce the desired numeric value.
+    5 bits  The digit offset (see description of previous field)
+    5 bits      Character type (see below)
+
+    B: the high 16 bits are defined as:
+    1 bit Other_Lowercase property
+    1 bit Other_Uppercase property
+    1 bit Other_Alphabetic property
+    1 bit Other_Math property
+    1 bit Ideographic property
+    1 bit Noncharacter codepoint property
+    */
+
+
+    // bit masks identify each component of a 32-bit property field described
+    // above.
+    // shift* indicates how many shifts right must happen to get the
+    // indicated property value in the lowest bits of the 32-bit space.
+    private static final int
+        shiftType           = 0,        maskType            =       0x001F,
+        shiftDigitOffset    = 5,        maskDigitOffset     =       0x03E0,
+        shiftNumericType    = 10,       maskNumericType     =       0x0C00,
+        shiftIdentifierInfo = 12,       maskIdentifierInfo  =       0x7000,
+                                        maskUnicodePart     =       0x1000,
+        shiftCaseInfo       = 15,       maskCaseInfo        =      0x38000,
+                                        maskLowerCase       =      0x20000,
+                                        maskUpperCase       =      0x10000,
+                                        maskTitleCase       =      0x08000,
+        shiftCaseOffset     = 18,       maskCaseOffset      =   0x07FC0000,
+        shiftCaseOffsetSign = 5,
+                                        // used only when calculating and
+                                        // storing digit offsets from char values
+                                        maskDigit               =   0x001F,
+                                        // case offset are 9 bits
+                                        maskCase                =   0x01FF,
+        shiftBidi           = 27,       maskBidi              = 0x78000000,
+        shiftMirrored       = 31,       //maskMirrored          = 0x80000000,
+        shiftPlane          = 16,       maskPlane = 0xFF0000;
+
+    // maskMirrored needs to be long, if up 16-bit
+    private static final long maskMirrored          = 0x80000000L;
+
+    // bit masks identify the 16-bit priperty field described above, in B
+    // table
+    private static final long
+        maskOtherLowercase  = 0x100000000L,
+        maskOtherUppercase  = 0x200000000L,
+        maskOtherAlphabetic = 0x400000000L,
+        maskOtherMath       = 0x800000000L,
+        maskIdeographic     = 0x1000000000L,
+        maskNoncharacterCP  = 0x2000000000L;
+
+    // Can compare masked values with these to determine
+    // numeric or lexical types.
+    public static int
+        valueNotNumeric             = 0x0000,
+        valueDigit                  = 0x0400,
+        valueStrangeNumeric         = 0x0800,
+        valueJavaSupradecimal       = 0x0C00,
+        valueIgnorable              = 0x1000,
+        valueJavaOnlyPart           = 0x2000,
+        valueJavaUnicodePart        = 0x3000,
+        valueJavaWhitespace         = 0x4000,
+        valueJavaStartUnicodePart   = 0x5000,
+        valueJavaOnlyStart          = 0x6000,
+        valueJavaUnicodeStart       = 0x7000,
+        lowJavaStart                = 0x5000,
+        nonzeroJavaPart             = 0x3000,
+        valueUnicodeStart           = 0x7000;
+
+    // these values are used when only identifier properties are generated
+    // for use in verifier code. Shortens the property down to a single byte.
+    private static final int
+        bitJavaStart            = 0x02,
+        bitJavaPart             = 0x01,
+        maskIsJavaIdentifierPart = bitJavaPart,
+        maskIsJavaIdentifierStart = bitJavaStart;
+
+    static int maxOffset = maskCase/2 ;
+    static int minOffset = -maxOffset;
+
+    /* The following routines provide simple, concise formatting of long integer values.
+     The number in the name of the method indicates the desired number of characters
+     to be produced.  If the number of digits required to represent the integer value
+     is less than that number, then the output is padded on the left  with zeros
+     (for hex) or with spaces (for decimal).  If the number of digits required to
+     represent the integer value is greater than the desired number, then all the digits
+     that are required are actually produced.
+    */
+
+    static String hex(long n) { return Long.toHexString(n).toUpperCase(); }
+
+    static String hex2(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toHexString(n & 0xFF).toUpperCase();
+        return "00".substring(Math.min(2, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    static String hex4(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toHexString(n & 0xFFFF).toUpperCase();
+        return "0000".substring(Math.min(4, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    static String hex8(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toHexString(n & 0xFFFFFFFFL).toUpperCase();
+        return "00000000".substring(Math.min(8, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    static String hex16(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toHexString(n).toUpperCase();
+        return "0000000000000000".substring(Math.min(16, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    static String dec3(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toString(n);
+        return "   ".substring(Math.min(3, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    static String dec5(long n) {
+        String q = Long.toString(n);
+        return "     ".substring(Math.min(5, q.length())) + q;
+    }
+
+    /* This routine is called when some failure occurs. */
+
+    static void FAIL(String s) {
+        System.out.println("** " + s);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Given the data from the Unicode specification file, this routine builds a map.
+    *
+    * The specification file is assumed to contain its data in sorted order by
+    * character code; as a result, the array passed as an argument to this method
+    * has its components in the same sorted order, with one entry for each defined
+    * Unicode character or character range.  (A range is indicated by two consecutive
+    * entries, such that the name of the first entry begins with "<" and ends with
+    * "First>" and the second entry begins with "<" and ends with "Last>".)  This is
+    * therefore a sparse representation of the character property data.
+    *
+    * The resulting map is dense representation of the character data.  It contains
+    * 2^16 = 65536 entries, each of which is a long integer.  (Right now only 32 bits
+    * of this long value are used, but type long is used rather than int to facilitate
+    * future extensions of this source code generator that might require more than
+    * 32 bits to encode relevant character properties.)  Entry k holds the encoded
+    * properties for character k.
+    *
+    * Method buildMap manages the transformation from the sparse representation to
+    * the dense representation.  It calls method buildOne to handle the encoding
+    * of character property data from a single UnicodeSpec object into 32 bits.
+    * For undefined characters, method buildOne is not called and the map entry for
+    * that character is set to UnicodeSpec.UNASSIGNED.
+    *
+    * @param data       character property data from the Unicode specification file
+    * @return   an array of length 65536 with one entry for every possible char value
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#buildOne
+    */
+
+    static long[] buildMap(UnicodeSpec[] data, SpecialCaseMap[] specialMaps, PropList propList)
+    {
+        long[] result;
+        if (bLatin1 == true) {
+            result = new long[256];
+        } else {
+            result = new long[1<<16];
+        }
+        int k=0;
+        int codePoint = plane<<16;
+        UnicodeSpec nonCharSpec = new UnicodeSpec();
+        for (int j = 0; j < data.length && k < result.length; j++) {
+            if (data[j].codePoint == codePoint) {
+                result[k] = buildOne(codePoint, data[j], specialMaps);
+                ++k;
+                ++codePoint;
+            }
+            else if(data[j].codePoint > codePoint) {
+                if (data[j].name.endsWith("Last>")) {
+                    // build map data for all chars except last in range
+                    while (codePoint < data[j].codePoint && k < result.length) {
+                        result[k] = buildOne(codePoint, data[j], specialMaps);
+                        ++k;
+                        ++codePoint;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // we have a few unassigned chars before data[j].codePoint
+                    while (codePoint < data[j].codePoint && k < result.length) {
+                        result[k] = buildOne(codePoint, nonCharSpec, specialMaps);
+                        ++k;
+                        ++codePoint;
+                    }
+                }
+                k = data[j].codePoint & 0xFFFF;
+                codePoint = data[j].codePoint;
+                result[k] = buildOne(codePoint, data[j], specialMaps);
+                ++k;
+                ++codePoint;
+            }
+            else {
+                System.out.println("An error has occured during spec mapping.");
+                System.exit(0);
+            }
+        }
+        // if there are still unprocessed chars, process them
+        // as unassigned/undefined.
+        codePoint = (plane<<16) | k;
+        while (k < result.length) {
+            result[k] = buildOne(codePoint, nonCharSpec, specialMaps);
+            ++k;
+            ++codePoint;
+        }
+        // now add all extra supported properties from PropList, to the
+        // upper 16-bit
+        addExProp(result, propList, "Other_Lowercase", maskOtherLowercase);
+        addExProp(result, propList, "Other_Uppercase", maskOtherUppercase);
+        addExProp(result, propList, "Other_Alphabetic", maskOtherAlphabetic);
+        addExProp(result, propList, "Ideographic", maskIdeographic);
+        //addExProp(result, propList, "Other_Math", maskOtherMath);
+        //addExProp(result, propList, "Noncharacter_CodePoint", maskNoncharacterCP);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // The maximum and minimum offsets found while scanning the database
+    static int maxOffsetSeen = 0;
+    static int minOffsetSeen = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Some Unicode separator characters are not considered Java whitespace.
+     * @param c character to test
+     * @return true if c in an invalid Java whitespace character, false otherwise.
+     */
+    static boolean isInvalidJavaWhiteSpace(int c) {
+        int[] exceptions = {0x00A0, 0x2007, 0x202F, 0xFEFF};
+        boolean retValue = false;
+        for(int x=0;x<exceptions.length;x++) {
+            if(c == exceptions[x]) {
+                retValue = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return retValue;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Given the character property data for one Unicode character, encode the data
+    * of interest into a single long integer value.  (Right now only 32 bits
+    * of this long value are used, but type long is used rather than int to facilitate
+    * future extensions of this source code generator that might require more than
+    * 32 bits to encode relevant character properties.)
+    *
+    * @param c   the character code for which to encode property data
+    * @param us  property data record from the Unicode specification file
+    *            (its character code might not be equal to c if it specifies data
+    *            for a range of characters)
+    * @return   an encoded long value that contains the properties for a single char
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#buildMap
+    */
+
+    static long buildOne(int c, UnicodeSpec us, SpecialCaseMap[] specialMaps) {
+        long resultA = 0;
+        // record the general category
+        resultA |= us.generalCategory;
+
+        // record the numeric properties
+        NUMERIC: {
+        STRANGE: {
+            int val = 0;
+            // c is A-Z
+            if ((c >= 0x0041) && (c <= 0x005A)) {
+                val = c - 0x0041;
+                resultA |= valueJavaSupradecimal;
+            // c is a-z
+            } else if ((c >= 0x0061) && (c <= 0x007A)) {
+                val = c - 0x0061;
+                resultA |= valueJavaSupradecimal;
+            // c is a full-width A-Z
+            } else if ((c >= 0xFF21) && (c <= 0xFF3A)) {
+                val = c - 0xFF21;
+                resultA |= valueJavaSupradecimal;
+            // c is a full-width a-z
+            } else if ((c >= 0xFF41) && (c <= 0xFF5A)) {
+                val = c - 0xFF41;
+                resultA |= valueJavaSupradecimal;
+            } else if (us.isDecimalValue()) {
+                val = us.decimalValue;
+                resultA |= valueDigit;
+            } else if (us.isDigitValue()) {
+                val = us.digitValue;
+                resultA |= valueDigit;
+            } else {
+                if (us.numericValue.length() == 0) {
+                    break NUMERIC;                      // no numeric value at all
+                } else {
+                    try {
+                        val = Integer.parseInt(us.numericValue);
+                        if (val >= 32 || val < 0) break STRANGE;
+                        if (c == 0x215F) break STRANGE;
+                    } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
+                        break STRANGE;
+                    }
+                    resultA |= valueDigit;
+                }
+            }
+            if (val >= 32 || val < 0) break STRANGE;
+            resultA |= ((val - c & maskDigit) << shiftDigitOffset);
+            break NUMERIC;
+        } // end STRANGE
+        resultA |= valueStrangeNumeric;
+        } // end NUMERIC
+
+        // record case mapping
+        int offset = 0;
+        // might have a 1:M mapping
+        int specialMap = SpecialCaseMap.find(c, specialCaseMaps);
+        boolean bHasUpper = (us.hasUpperMap()) || (specialMap != -1);
+        if (bHasUpper) {
+            resultA |= maskUpperCase;
+        }
+        if (specialMap != -1) {
+            // has mapping, but cannot record the
+            // proper offset; can only flag it and provide special case
+            // code in Character.java
+            offset = -1;
+        }
+        else if (us.hasUpperMap())  {
+            offset = c - us.upperMap;
+        }
+
+        if (us.hasLowerMap()) {
+            resultA |= maskLowerCase;
+            if (offset == 0)
+                offset = us.lowerMap - c;
+            else if (offset != (us.lowerMap - c)) {
+                if (DEBUG) {
+                FAIL("Character " + hex(c) +
+                " has incompatible lowercase and uppercase mappings");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if ((us.hasTitleMap() && us.titleMap != us.upperMap) ||
+            (bHasUpper && us.hasLowerMap())) {
+            resultA |= maskTitleCase;
+        }
+        if (bHasUpper && !us.hasLowerMap() && !us.hasTitleMap() && verbose) {
+            System.out.println("Warning: Character " + hex4(c) + " has upper but " +
+                               "no title case; Java won't know this");
+        }
+        if (offset < minOffsetSeen) minOffsetSeen = offset;
+        if (offset > maxOffsetSeen) maxOffsetSeen = offset;
+        if (offset > maxOffset || offset < minOffset) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+            FAIL("Case offset " + offset + " for character " + hex4(c) + " must be handled as a special case");
+            }
+            offset = maskCase;
+        }
+        resultA |= ((offset & maskCase) << shiftCaseOffset);
+
+        // record lexical info about this character
+        if (us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.LOWERCASE_LETTER
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.UPPERCASE_LETTER
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.TITLECASE_LETTER
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_LETTER
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.OTHER_LETTER
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.LETTER_NUMBER) {
+            resultA |= valueJavaUnicodeStart;
+        }
+        else if (us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.NON_SPACING_MARK
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER) {
+            resultA |= valueJavaUnicodePart;
+        }
+        else if (us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION) {
+            resultA |= valueJavaStartUnicodePart;
+        }
+        else if (us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.CURRENCY_SYMBOL) {
+            resultA |= valueJavaOnlyStart;
+        }
+        else if (((c >= 0x0000) && (c <= 0x0008))
+                || ((c >= 0x000E) && (c <= 0x001B))
+                || ((c >= 0x007F) && (c <= 0x009F))
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.FORMAT) {
+            resultA |= valueIgnorable;
+        }
+        else if (us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.SPACE_SEPARATOR
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.LINE_SEPARATOR
+                || us.generalCategory == UnicodeSpec.PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR) {
+            if (!isInvalidJavaWhiteSpace(c)) resultA |= valueJavaWhitespace;
+        }
+        else if (((c >= 0x0009) && (c <= 0x000D))
+                || ((c >= 0x001C) && (c <= 0x001F))) {
+            resultA |= valueJavaWhitespace;
+        }
+
+        // record bidi category
+        if (!nobidi) {
+            int tmpBidi =
+                (us.bidiCategory > UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS ||
+                    us.bidiCategory == -1) ? maskBidi : (us.bidiCategory << shiftBidi);
+            resultA |= tmpBidi;
+        }
+
+        // record mirrored property
+        if (!nomirror) {
+            resultA |= us.mirrored ? maskMirrored : 0;
+        }
+
+        if (identifiers) {
+            long replacement = 0;
+            if ((resultA & maskIdentifierInfo) >= lowJavaStart) {
+                replacement |= bitJavaStart;
+            }
+            if ( ((resultA & nonzeroJavaPart) != 0)
+                    && ((resultA & maskIdentifierInfo) != valueIgnorable)) {
+                replacement |= bitJavaPart;
+            }
+            resultA = replacement;
+        }
+        return resultA;
+    }
+
+    static void addExProp(long[] map, PropList propList, String prop, long mask) {
+        List<Integer> cps = propList.codepoints(prop);
+        if (cps != null) {
+            for (Integer cp : cps) {
+                if (cp < map.length)
+                    map[cp] |= mask;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * This is the heart of the table compression strategy.  The inputs are a map
+    * and a number of bits (size).  The map is simply an array of long integer values;
+    * the number of bits indicates how index values for that map are to be split.
+    * The length of the given map must be a multiple of (1 << size).  The result is
+    * a new map z and a compressed table t such that for every valid index value k
+    * for the original map, t[(z[k>>size]<<size)|(k & ((1<<size)-1))] == map[k].
+    *
+    * In other words, the index k can be split into two parts, namely the "size"
+    * low-order bits and all the remaining high-order bits; the high-order bits are then
+    * remapped by map z to produce an index into table t.  In effect, the data of the
+    * original map m is broken up into blocks of size (1<<size); the compression relies
+    * on the expectation that many of these blocks will be identical and therefore need
+    * be represented only once in the compressed table t.
+    *
+    * This method is intended to be used iteratively.  The first map to be handed
+    * to it is the one constructed by method buildMap.  After that, the first of the
+    * two arrays returned by this method is fed back into it for further compression.
+    * At the end of the iteration, one has a starter map and a sequence of tables.
+    *
+    * The algorithm used to implement this computation is straightforward and not
+    * especially clever.  It uses brute-force linear search (the loop labeled MIDDLE)
+    * to locate identical blocks, so overall the time complexity of the algorithm
+    * is quadratic in the length of the input map.  Fortunately, speed is not crucial
+    * to this application.
+    *
+    * @param map                a map to be compressed
+    * @param size       the number of index bits to be split off by the compression
+    * @return   an array of length 2 containing two arrays; the first is a new map
+    *           and the second is a compressed data table
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#buildMap
+    */
+
+    static long[][] buildTable(long[] map, int size) {
+        int n = map.length;
+        if (((n >> size) << size) != n) {
+            FAIL("Length " + n + " is not a multiple of " + (1 << size));
+        }
+        int m = 1 << size;
+        // We know the final length of the new map up front.
+        long[] newmap = new long[n >> size];
+        // The buffer is used temporarily to hold data for the compressed table
+        // because we don't know its final length yet.
+        long[] buffer = new long[n];
+        int ptr = 0;
+OUTER:  for (int i = 0; i < n; i += m) {
+            // For every block of size m in the original map...
+    MIDDLE: for (int j = 0; j < ptr; j += m) {
+            // Find out whether there is already a block just like it in the buffer.
+                for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {
+                    if (buffer[j+k] != map[i+k])
+                        continue MIDDLE;
+                }
+                // There is a block just like it at position j, so just
+                // put its index into the new map (thereby sharing it).
+                newmap[i >> size] = (j >> size);
+                continue OUTER;
+            } // end MIDDLE
+            // There is no block just like it already, so add it to
+            // the buffer and put its index into the new map.
+            for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {
+                buffer[ptr+k] = map[i+k];
+            }
+            newmap[i >> size] = (ptr >> size);
+            ptr += m;
+        } // end OUTER
+        // Now we know how long the compressed table should be,
+        // so create a new array and copy data from the temporary buffer.
+        long[] newdata = new long[ptr];
+        for (int j = 0; j < ptr; j++) {
+            newdata[j] = buffer[j];
+        }
+        // Return the new map and the new data table.
+        long[][] result = { newmap, newdata };
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Once the compressed tables have been computed, this method reads in a
+    * template file for the source code to be generated and writes out the final
+    * source code by acting as a sort of specialized macro processor.
+    *
+    * The first output line is a comment saying that the file was automatically
+    * generated; it includes a timestamp.  All other output is generated by
+    * reading a line from the template file, performing macro replacements,
+    * and then writing the resulting line or lines of code to the output file.
+    *
+    * This method handles the I/O, the timestamp comment, and the locating of
+    * macro calls within each input line.  The method replaceCommand is called
+    * to generate replacement text for each macro call.
+    *
+    * Macro calls to be replaced are indicated in the template file by
+    * occurrences of the commandMarker "$$".  The rest of the call may consist
+    * of Java letters (including the underscore "_") and also of balanced
+    * parentheses.
+    *
+    * @param theTemplateFileName
+    *           the file name for the template input file
+    * @param theOutputFileName
+    *           the file name for the source code output file
+    *
+    *     @see GenerateCharacter#replaceCommand
+    */
+
+    static void generateCharacterClass(String theTemplateFileName,
+                                       String theOutputFileName)
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(theTemplateFileName));
+        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(theOutputFileName)));
+        out.println(commentStart +
+            " This file was generated AUTOMATICALLY from a template file " +
+            new java.util.Date() + commentEnd);
+        int marklen = commandMarker.length();
+        LOOP: while(true) {
+            try {
+                String line = in.readLine();
+                if (line == null) break LOOP;
+                int pos = 0;
+                int depth = 0;
+                while ((pos = line.indexOf(commandMarker, pos)) >= 0) {
+                    int newpos = pos + marklen;
+                    char ch = 'x';
+                    SCAN: while (newpos < line.length() &&
+                            (Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(ch = line.charAt(newpos))
+                            || ch == '(' || (ch == ')' && depth > 0))) {
+                        ++newpos;
+                        if (ch == '(') {
+                            ++depth;
+                        }
+                        else if (ch == ')') {
+                            --depth;
+                            if (depth == 0)
+                                break SCAN;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    String replacement = replaceCommand(line.substring(pos + marklen, newpos));
+                    line = line.substring(0, pos) + replacement + line.substring(newpos);
+                    pos += replacement.length();
+                }
+                out.println(line);
+            }
+            catch (IOException e) {
+                break LOOP;
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+        out.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * The replaceCommand method takes a command (a macro call without the
+    * leading marker "$$") and computes replacement text for it.
+    *
+    * Most of the commands are simply names of integer constants that are defined
+    * in the source code of this GenerateCharacter class.  The replacement text is
+    * simply the value of the constant as an appropriately formatted integer literal.
+    *
+    * Two cases are more complicated, however.  The command "Tables" causes the
+    * final map and compressed tables to be emitted, with elaborate comments
+    * describing their contents.  (This is actually handled by method genTables.)
+    * The command "Lookup(xxx)", where "xxx" is the name of a variable, generates
+    * an expression that will return the character property data for the character
+    * whose code is the value of the variable "xxx".  (this is handled by method
+    * "genAccess".)
+    *
+    * @param x  a command from the template file to be replaced
+    * @return   the replacement text, as a String
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#genTables
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#genAccess
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#generateCharacterClass
+    */
+
+    static String replaceCommand(String x) {
+        if (x.equals("Tables")) return genTables();
+        if (x.equals("Initializers")) return genInitializers();
+        if (x.length() >= 9 && x.substring(0, 7).equals("Lookup(") &&
+                x.substring(x.length()-1).equals(")") )
+            return genAccess("A", x.substring(7, x.length()-1), (identifiers ? 2 : 32));
+        if (x.length() >= 11 && x.substring(0, 9).equals("LookupEx(") &&
+                x.substring(x.length()-1).equals(")") )
+            return genAccess("B", x.substring(9, x.length()-1), 16);
+        if (x.equals("shiftType")) return Long.toString(shiftType);
+        if (x.equals("shiftIdentifierInfo")) return Long.toString(shiftIdentifierInfo);
+        if (x.equals("maskIdentifierInfo")) return "0x" + hex8(maskIdentifierInfo);
+        if (x.equals("maskUnicodePart")) return "0x" + hex8(maskUnicodePart);
+        if (x.equals("shiftCaseOffset")) return Long.toString(shiftCaseOffset);
+        if (x.equals("shiftCaseInfo")) return Long.toString(shiftCaseInfo);
+        if (x.equals("shiftCaseOffsetSign")) return Long.toString(shiftCaseOffsetSign);
+        if (x.equals("maskCase")) return "0x" + hex8(maskCase);
+        if (x.equals("maskCaseOffset")) return "0x" + hex8(maskCaseOffset);
+        if (x.equals("maskLowerCase")) return "0x" + hex8(maskLowerCase);
+        if (x.equals("maskUpperCase")) return "0x" + hex8(maskUpperCase);
+        if (x.equals("maskTitleCase")) return "0x" + hex8(maskTitleCase);
+        if (x.equals("maskOtherLowercase")) return "0x" + hex4(maskOtherLowercase >> 32);
+        if (x.equals("maskOtherUppercase")) return "0x" + hex4(maskOtherUppercase >> 32);
+        if (x.equals("maskOtherAlphabetic")) return "0x" + hex4(maskOtherAlphabetic >> 32);
+        if (x.equals("maskIdeographic")) return "0x" + hex4(maskIdeographic >> 32);
+        if (x.equals("valueIgnorable")) return "0x" + hex8(valueIgnorable);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaUnicodeStart")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaUnicodeStart);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaOnlyStart")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaOnlyStart);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaUnicodePart")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaUnicodePart);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaOnlyPart")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaOnlyPart);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaWhitespace")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaWhitespace);
+        if (x.equals("lowJavaStart")) return "0x" + hex8(lowJavaStart);
+        if (x.equals("nonzeroJavaPart")) return "0x" + hex8(nonzeroJavaPart);
+        if (x.equals("bitJavaStart")) return "0x" + hex8(bitJavaStart);
+        if (x.equals("bitJavaPart")) return Long.toString(bitJavaPart);
+        if (x.equals("valueUnicodeStart")) return "0x" + hex8(valueUnicodeStart);
+        if (x.equals("maskIsJavaIdentifierStart")) return "0x" + hex(maskIsJavaIdentifierStart);
+        if (x.equals("maskIsJavaIdentifierPart")) return "0x" + hex(maskIsJavaIdentifierPart);
+        if (x.equals("shiftDigitOffset")) return Long.toString(shiftDigitOffset);
+        if (x.equals("maskDigitOffset")) return "0x" + hex(maskDigitOffset);
+        if (x.equals("maskDigit")) return "0x" + hex(maskDigit);
+        if (x.equals("shiftNumericType")) return Long.toString(shiftNumericType);
+        if (x.equals("maskNumericType")) return "0x" + hex(maskNumericType);
+        if (x.equals("valueNotNumeric")) return "0x" + hex8(valueNotNumeric);
+        if (x.equals("valueDigit")) return "0x" + hex8(valueDigit);
+        if (x.equals("valueStrangeNumeric")) return "0x" + hex8(valueStrangeNumeric);
+        if (x.equals("valueJavaSupradecimal")) return "0x" + hex8(valueJavaSupradecimal);
+        if (x.equals("valueDigit")) return "0x" + hex8(valueDigit);
+        if (x.equals("valueStrangeNumeric")) return "0x" + hex8(valueStrangeNumeric);
+        if (x.equals("maskType")) return "0x" + hex(maskType);
+        if (x.equals("shiftBidi")) return Long.toString(shiftBidi);
+        if (x.equals("maskBidi")) return "0x" + hex(maskBidi);
+        if (x.equals("maskMirrored")) return "0x" + hex8(maskMirrored);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.UNASSIGNED][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.UNASSIGNED);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.UPPERCASE_LETTER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.UPPERCASE_LETTER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.LOWERCASE_LETTER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.LOWERCASE_LETTER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.TITLECASE_LETTER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.TITLECASE_LETTER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_LETTER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_LETTER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.OTHER_LETTER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.OTHER_LETTER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.NON_SPACING_MARK][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.NON_SPACING_MARK);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.ENCLOSING_MARK][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.ENCLOSING_MARK);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.OTHER_NUMBER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.OTHER_NUMBER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.SPACE_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.SPACE_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.LINE_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.LINE_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+             return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.CONTROL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.CONTROL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.FORMAT][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.FORMAT);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.PRIVATE_USE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.PRIVATE_USE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.SURROGATE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.SURROGATE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DASH_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DASH_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.START_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.START_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.END_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.END_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.OTHER_PUNCTUATION][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.OTHER_PUNCTUATION);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.LETTER_NUMBER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.LETTER_NUMBER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.MATH_SYMBOL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.MATH_SYMBOL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.CURRENCY_SYMBOL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.CURRENCY_SYMBOL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_SYMBOL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_SYMBOL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.generalCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.OTHER_SYMBOL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.OTHER_SYMBOL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK);
+         if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_ISOLATE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_ISOLATE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ISOLATE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ISOLATE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_FIRST_STRONG_ISOLATE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_FIRST_STRONG_ISOLATE);
+        if (x.equals(UnicodeSpec.bidiCategoryList[UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_ISOLATE][UnicodeSpec.LONG]))
+            return Integer.toString(UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_ISOLATE);
+        FAIL("Unknown text substitution marker " + commandMarker + x);
+        return commandMarker + x;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * The genTables method generates source code for all the lookup tables
+    * needed to represent the various Unicode character properties.
+    * It simply calls the method genTable once for each table to be generated
+    * and then generates a summary comment.
+    *
+    * @return   the replacement text for the "Tables" command, as a String
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#genTable
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#replaceCommand
+    */
+    static String genTables() {
+        int n = sizes.length;
+        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
+        // liu : Add a comment showing the source of this table
+        result.append(commentStart + " The following tables and code generated using:" +
+                  commentEnd + "\n  ");
+        result.append(commentStart + ' ' + commandLineDescription + commentEnd + "\n  ");
+
+                if (plane == 0 && bLatin1 == false) {
+            genCaseMapTableDeclaration(result);
+            genCaseMapTable(initializers, specialCaseMaps);
+                }
+        int totalBytes = 0;
+        for (int k = 0; k < n - 1; k++) {
+            genTable(result, tableNames[k], tables[k], 0, bytes[k]<<3, sizes[k], preshifted[k],
+                sizes[k+1], false, false, k==0);
+            int s = bytes[k];
+            if (s == 1 && useCharForByte) {
+                s = 2;
+            }
+            totalBytes += tables[k].length * s;
+        }
+        genTable(result, "A", tables[n - 1], 0, (identifiers ? 2 : 32),
+            sizes[n - 1], false, 0, true, !(identifiers), false);
+
+        // If we ever need more than 32 bits to represent the character properties,
+        // then a table "B" may be needed as well.
+        genTable(result, "B", tables[n - 1], 32, 16, sizes[n - 1], false, 0, true, true, false);
+
+        totalBytes += ((((tables[n - 1].length * (identifiers ? 2 : 32)) + 31) >> 5) << 2);
+        result.append(commentStart);
+        result.append(" In all, the character property tables require ");
+        result.append(totalBytes).append(" bytes.").append(commentEnd);
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println("The character property tables require "
+                 + totalBytes + " bytes.");
+        }
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The genInitializers method generates the body of the
+     * ensureInitted() method, which enables lazy initialization of
+     * the case map table and other tables.
+     */
+    static String genInitializers() {
+        return initializers.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the total number of bytes needed by all tables.  This is a stripped-
+     * down copy of genTables().
+     */
+    static int getTotalBytes() {
+        int n = sizes.length;
+        int totalBytes = 0;
+        for (int k = 0; k < n - 1; k++) {
+            totalBytes += tables[k].length * bytes[k];
+        }
+        totalBytes += ((((tables[n - 1].length * (identifiers ? 2 : 32))
+                         + 31) >> 5) << 2);
+        return totalBytes;
+    }
+
+    static void appendEscapedStringFragment(StringBuffer result,
+                                            char[] line,
+                                            int length,
+                                            boolean lastFragment) {
+        result.append("    \"");
+        for (int k=0; k<length; ++k) {
+            result.append("\\u");
+            result.append(hex4(line[k]));
+        }
+        result.append("\"");
+        result.append(lastFragment ? ";" : "+");
+        result.append("\n");
+    }
+
+    static String SMALL_INITIALIZER =
+        "        { // THIS CODE WAS AUTOMATICALLY CREATED BY GenerateCharacter:\n"+
+        // "            $$name = new $$type[$$size];\n"+
+        "            int len = $$name_DATA.length();\n"+
+        "            int j=0;\n"+
+        "            for (int i=0; i<len; ++i) {\n"+
+        "                int c = $$name_DATA.charAt(i);\n"+
+        "                for (int k=0; k<$$entriesPerChar; ++k) {\n"+
+        "                    $$name[j++] = ($$type)c;\n"+
+        "                    c >>= $$bits;\n"+
+        "                }\n"+
+        "            }\n"+
+        "            assert (j == $$size);\n"+
+        "        }\n";
+
+    static String SAME_SIZE_INITIALIZER =
+        "        { // THIS CODE WAS AUTOMATICALLY CREATED BY GenerateCharacter:\n"+
+        "            assert ($$name_DATA.length() == $$size);\n"+
+        // "            $$name = new $$type[$$size];\n"+
+        "            for (int i=0; i<$$size; ++i)\n"+
+        "                $$name[i] = ($$type)$$name_DATA.charAt(i);\n"+
+        "        }\n";
+
+    static String BIG_INITIALIZER =
+        "        { // THIS CODE WAS AUTOMATICALLY CREATED BY GenerateCharacter:\n"+
+        // "            $$name = new $$type[$$size];\n"+
+        "            int len = $$name_DATA.length();\n"+
+        "            int j=0;\n"+
+        "            int charsInEntry=0;\n"+
+        "            $$type entry=0;\n"+
+        "            for (int i=0; i<len; ++i) {\n"+
+        "                entry |= $$name_DATA.charAt(i);\n"+
+        "                if (++charsInEntry == $$charsPerEntry) {\n"+
+        "                    $$name[j++] = entry;\n"+
+        "                    entry = 0;\n"+
+        "                    charsInEntry = 0;\n"+
+        "                }\n"+
+        "                else {\n"+
+        "                    entry <<= 16;\n"+
+        "                }\n"+
+        "            }\n"+
+        "            assert (j == $$size);\n"+
+        "        }\n";
+
+    static String INT32_INITIALIZER =
+        "        { // THIS CODE WAS AUTOMATICALLY CREATED BY GenerateCharacter:\n"+
+        "            char[] data = $$name_DATA.toCharArray();\n"+
+        "            assert (data.length == ($$size * 2));\n"+
+        "            int i = 0, j = 0;\n"+
+        "            while (i < ($$size * 2)) {\n"+
+        "                int entry = data[i++] << 16;\n"+
+        "                $$name[j++] = entry | data[i++];\n"+
+        "            }\n"+
+        "        }\n";
+
+    static void addInitializer(String name, String type, int entriesPerChar,
+                               int bits, int size) {
+
+        String template = (entriesPerChar == 1) ? SAME_SIZE_INITIALIZER :
+                          ((entriesPerChar > 0) ? SMALL_INITIALIZER : BIG_INITIALIZER);
+        if (entriesPerChar == -2) {
+            template = INT32_INITIALIZER;
+        }
+        int marklen = commandMarker.length();
+        int pos = 0;
+        while ((pos = template.indexOf(commandMarker, pos)) >= 0) {
+            int newpos = pos + marklen;
+            char ch = 'x';
+            while (newpos < template.length() &&
+                   Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(ch = template.charAt(newpos)) &&
+                   ch != '_') // Don't allow this in token names
+                ++newpos;
+            String token = template.substring(pos+marklen, newpos);
+            String replacement = "ERROR";
+
+            if (token.equals("name")) replacement = name;
+            else if (token.equals("type")) replacement = type;
+            else if (token.equals("bits")) replacement = ""+bits;
+            else if (token.equals("size")) replacement = ""+size;
+            else if (token.equals("entriesPerChar")) replacement = ""+entriesPerChar;
+            else if (token.equals("charsPerEntry")) replacement = ""+(-entriesPerChar);
+            else FAIL("Unrecognized token: " + token);
+
+            template = template.substring(0, pos) + replacement + template.substring(newpos);
+            pos += replacement.length();
+        }
+        initializers.append(template);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * The genTable method generates source code for one lookup table.
+    * Most of the complexity stems from handling various options as to
+    * the type of the array components, the precise representation of the
+    * values, the format in which to render each value, the number of values
+    * to emit on each line of source code, and the kinds of useful comments
+    * to be generated.
+    *
+    * @param result     a StringBuffer, to which the generated source code
+    *                   text is to be appended
+    * @param name       the name of the table
+    * @param table      the table data (an array of long values)
+    * @param extract    a distance, in bits, by which each entry of the table
+    *                   is to be right-shifted before it is processed
+    * @param bits       the number of bits (not bytes) to be used to represent
+    *                   each table entry
+    * @param size       the table data is divided up into blocks of size (1<<size);
+    *                   in this method, this information is used only to affect
+    *                   how many table values are to be generated per line
+    * @param preshifted if this flag is true, then the table entries are to be
+    *                   emitted in a preshifted form; that is, each value should
+    *                   be left-shifted by the amount "shift", so that this work
+    *                   is built into the table and need not be performed by an
+    *                   explicit shift operator at run time
+    * @param shift      this is the shift amount for preshifting of table entries
+    * @param hexFormat  if this flag is true, table entries should be emitted as
+    *                   hexadecimal literals; otherwise decimal literals are used
+    * @param properties if this flag is true, the table entries are encoded
+    *                   character properties rather than indexes into yet other tables;
+    *                   therefore comments describing the encoded properties should
+    *                   be generated
+    * @param hexComment if this flag is true, each line of output is labelled with
+    *                   a hexadecimal comment indicating the character values to
+    *                   which that line applies; otherwise, decimal values indicating
+    *                   table indices are generated
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#genTables
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#replaceCommand
+    */
+
+    static void genTable(StringBuffer result, String name,
+                         long[] table, int extract, int bits, int size,
+                         boolean preshifted, int shift, boolean hexFormat,
+                         boolean properties, boolean hexComment) {
+
+        String atype = bits == 1 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned long" : "int") :
+            bits == 2 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned long" : "int") :
+            bits == 4 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned long" : "int") :
+            bits == 8 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned char" : "byte") :
+            bits == 16 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned short" : "char") :
+            bits == 32 ? (Csyntax ? "unsigned long" : "int") :
+            (Csyntax ? "int64" : "long");
+        long maxPosEntry = bits == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : // liu
+            bits == 2 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
+            bits == 4 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
+            bits == 8 ? Byte.MAX_VALUE :
+            bits == 16 ? Short.MAX_VALUE :
+            bits == 32 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE :
+            Long.MAX_VALUE;
+        int entriesPerChar = bits <= 16 ? (16 / bits) : -(bits / 16);
+        boolean shiftEntries = preshifted && shift != 0;
+        if (bits == 8 && tableAsString && useCharForByte) {
+            atype = "char";
+            maxPosEntry = Character.MAX_VALUE;
+            entriesPerChar = 1;
+        }
+        boolean noConversion = atype.equals("char");
+
+        result.append(commentStart);
+        result.append(" The ").append(name).append(" table has ").append(table.length);
+        result.append(" entries for a total of ");
+        int sizeOfTable = ((table.length * bits + 31) >> 5) << 2;
+        if (bits == 8 && useCharForByte) {
+            sizeOfTable *= 2;
+        }
+        result.append(sizeOfTable);
+        result.append(" bytes.").append(commentEnd).append("\n\n");
+        if (Csyntax)
+            result.append("  static ");
+        else
+            result.append("  static final ");
+        result.append(atype);
+        result.append(" ").append(name).append("[");
+        if (Csyntax)
+            result.append(table.length >> (bits == 1 ? 5 : bits == 2 ? 4 : bits == 4 ? 3 : 0));
+        if (tableAsString) {
+            if (noConversion) {
+                result.append("] = (\n");
+            } else {
+                result.append("] = new ").append(atype).append("["+table.length+"];\n  ");
+                result.append("static final String ").append(name).append("_DATA =\n");
+            }
+            int CHARS_PER_LINE = 8;
+            StringBuffer theString = new StringBuffer();
+            int entriesInCharSoFar = 0;
+            char ch = '\u0000';
+            int charsPerEntry = -entriesPerChar;
+            for (int j=0; j<table.length; ++j) {
+                //long entry = table[j] >> extract;
+                long entry;
+                if ("A".equals(name))
+                    entry = (table[j] & 0xffffffffL) >> extract;
+                else
+                    entry = (table[j] >> extract);
+                if (shiftEntries) entry <<= shift;
+                if (entry >= (1L << bits)) {
+                    FAIL("Entry too big");
+                }
+                if (entriesPerChar > 0) {
+                    // Pack multiple entries into a character
+                    ch = (char)(((int)ch >> bits) | (entry << (entriesPerChar-1)*bits));
+                    ++entriesInCharSoFar;
+                    if (entriesInCharSoFar == entriesPerChar) {
+                        // Character is full
+                        theString.append(ch);
+                        entriesInCharSoFar = 0;
+                        ch = '\u0000';
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Use multiple characters per entry
+                    for (int k=0; k<charsPerEntry; ++k) {
+                        ch = (char)(entry >> ((charsPerEntry-1)*16));
+                        entry <<= 16;
+                        theString.append(ch);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (entriesInCharSoFar > 0) {
+                while (entriesInCharSoFar < entriesPerChar) {
+                    ch = (char)((int)ch >> bits);
+                    ++entriesInCharSoFar;
+                }
+                theString.append(ch);
+                entriesInCharSoFar = 0;
+            }
+            result.append(Utility.formatForSource(theString.toString(), "    "));
+            if (noConversion) {
+                result.append(").toCharArray()");
+            }
+            result.append(";\n\n  ");
+
+            if (!noConversion) {
+                addInitializer(name, atype, entriesPerChar, bits, table.length);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            result.append("] = {");
+            boolean castEntries = shiftEntries && (bits < 32);
+            int printPerLine = hexFormat ? (bits == 1 ? 32*4 :
+                bits == 2 ? 16*4 :
+                bits == 4 ? 8*4 :
+                bits == 8 ? 8 :
+                bits == 16 ? 8 :
+                bits == 32 ? 4 : 2) :
+                (bits == 8 ? 8 :
+                bits == 16 ? 8 : 4);
+            int printMask = properties ? 0 :
+            Math.min(1 << size,
+                printPerLine >> (castEntries ? (Csyntax ? 2 : 1) : 0)) - 1;
+            int commentShift = ((1 << size) == table.length) ? 0 : size;
+            int commentMask = ((1 << size) == table.length) ? printMask : (1 << size) - 1;
+            long val = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < table.length; j++) {
+                if ((j & printMask) == 0) {
+                    while (result.charAt(result.length() - 1) == ' ')
+                        result.setLength(result.length() - 1);
+                    result.append("\n    ");
+                }
+        PRINT:  {
+                if (castEntries)
+                    result.append("(").append(atype).append(")(");
+                long entry = table[j] >> extract;
+                int packMask = ((1 << (bits == 1 ? 5 : bits == 2 ? 4 : bits == 4 ? 3 : 2)) - 1);
+                int k = j & packMask;
+                if (bits >= 8)
+                    val = entry;
+                else if (k == 0) {
+                    val = entry;
+                    break PRINT;
+                }
+                else {
+                    val |= (entry << (k*bits));
+                    if (k != packMask)
+                        break PRINT;
+                }
+                if (val > maxPosEntry && !Csyntax) { // liu
+                // For values that are out of range, convert them to in-range negative values.
+                // Actually, output the '-' and convert them to the negative of the corresponding
+                // in-range negative values.  E.g., convert 130 == -126 (in 8 bits) -> 126.
+                    result.append('-');
+                    val = maxPosEntry + maxPosEntry + 2 - val;
+                }
+                if (hexFormat) {
+                    result.append("0x");
+                    if (bits == 8)
+                        result.append(hex2((byte)val));
+                    else if (bits == 16)
+                        result.append(hex4((short)val));
+                    else if (bits == 32 || bits < 8)
+                        result.append(hex8((int)val));
+                    else {
+                        result.append(hex16(val));
+                        if (!Csyntax)
+                            result.append("L");
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (bits == 8)
+                        result.append(dec3(val));
+                    else if (bits == 64) {
+                        result.append(dec5(val));
+                        if (!Csyntax)
+                            result.append("L");
+                    }
+                    else
+                        result.append(dec5(val));
+                }
+                if (shiftEntries)
+                    result.append("<<").append(shift);
+                if (castEntries) result.append(")");
+                if (j < (table.length - 1))
+                    result.append(", ");
+                else
+                    result.append("  ");
+                if ((j & printMask) == printMask) {
+                    result.append(" ").append(commentStart).append(" ");
+                    if (hexComment)
+                        result.append("0x").append(hex4((j & ~commentMask) << (16 - size)));
+                    else
+                        result.append(dec3((j & ~commentMask) >> commentShift));
+                    if (properties) propertiesComments(result, val);
+                    result.append(commentEnd);
+                }
+                } // end PRINT
+            }
+            result.append("\n  };\n\n  ");
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void genCaseMapTableDeclaration(StringBuffer result) {
+        String myTab = "    ";
+        result.append(myTab + "static final char[][][] charMap;\n");
+    }
+
+    static void genCaseMapTable(StringBuffer result, SpecialCaseMap[] specialCaseMaps){
+        String myTab = "    ";
+        int ch;
+        char[] map;
+        result.append(myTab + "charMap = new char[][][] {\n");
+        for (int x = 0; x < specialCaseMaps.length; x++) {
+            ch = specialCaseMaps[x].getCharSource();
+            map = specialCaseMaps[x].getUpperCaseMap();
+            result.append(myTab + myTab);
+            result.append("{ ");
+            result.append("{\'\\u"+hex4(ch)+"\'}, {");
+            for (int y = 0; y < map.length; y++) {
+                result.append("\'\\u"+hex4(map[y])+"\', ");
+            }
+            result.append("} },\n");
+        }
+        result.append(myTab + "};\n");
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * The propertiesComments method generates comments describing encoded
+    * character properties.
+    *
+    * @param result     a StringBuffer, to which the generated source code
+    *                   text is to be appended
+    * @param val                encoded character properties
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#genTable
+    */
+
+    static void propertiesComments(StringBuffer result, long val) {
+        result.append("   ");
+        switch ((int)(val & maskType)) {
+            case UnicodeSpec.CONTROL:
+                result.append("Cc");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.FORMAT:
+                result.append("Cf");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.PRIVATE_USE:
+                result.append("Co");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.SURROGATE:
+                result.append("Cs");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.LOWERCASE_LETTER:
+                result.append("Ll");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_LETTER:
+                result.append("Lm");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.OTHER_LETTER:
+                result.append("Lo");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.TITLECASE_LETTER:
+                result.append("Lt");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.UPPERCASE_LETTER:
+                result.append("Lu");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.COMBINING_SPACING_MARK:
+                result.append("Mc");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.ENCLOSING_MARK:
+                result.append("Me");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.NON_SPACING_MARK:
+                result.append("Mn");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER:
+                result.append("Nd");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.LETTER_NUMBER:
+                result.append("Nl");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.OTHER_NUMBER:
+                result.append("No");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION:
+                result.append("Pc");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DASH_PUNCTUATION:
+                result.append("Pd");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.END_PUNCTUATION:
+                result.append("Pe");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.OTHER_PUNCTUATION:
+                result.append("Po");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.START_PUNCTUATION:
+                result.append("Ps");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.CURRENCY_SYMBOL:
+                result.append("Sc");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.MODIFIER_SYMBOL:
+                result.append("Sk");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.MATH_SYMBOL:
+                result.append("Sm");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.OTHER_SYMBOL:
+                result.append("So");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.LINE_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append("Zl"); break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append("Zp");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.SPACE_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append("Zs");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.UNASSIGNED:
+                result.append("unassigned");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        switch ((int)((val & maskBidi) >> shiftBidi)) {
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT:
+                result.append(", L");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT:
+                result.append(", R");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER:
+                result.append(", EN");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append(", ES");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR:
+                result.append(", ET");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER:
+                result.append(", AN");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append(", CS");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append(", B");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR:
+                result.append(", S");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE:
+                result.append(", WS");
+                break;
+            case UnicodeSpec.DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS:
+                result.append(", ON");
+                break;
+        }
+        if ((val & maskUpperCase) != 0) {
+            result.append(", hasUpper (subtract ");
+            result.append((val & maskCaseOffset) >> shiftCaseOffset).append(")");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskLowerCase) != 0) {
+            result.append(", hasLower (add ");
+            result.append((val & maskCaseOffset) >> shiftCaseOffset).append(")");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskTitleCase) != 0) {
+            result.append(", hasTitle");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueIgnorable) {
+            result.append(", ignorable");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueJavaUnicodePart) {
+            result.append(", identifier part");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueJavaStartUnicodePart) {
+            result.append(", underscore");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueJavaWhitespace) {
+            result.append(", whitespace");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueJavaOnlyStart) {
+            result.append(", currency");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskIdentifierInfo) == valueJavaUnicodeStart) {
+            result.append(", identifier start");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskNumericType) == valueDigit) {
+            result.append(", decimal ");
+            result.append((val & maskDigitOffset) >> shiftDigitOffset);
+        }
+        if ((val & maskNumericType) == valueStrangeNumeric) {
+            result.append(", strange");
+        }
+        if ((val & maskNumericType) == valueJavaSupradecimal) {
+            result.append(", supradecimal ");
+            result.append((val & maskDigitOffset) >> shiftDigitOffset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static String[] tableNames = { "X", "Y", "Z", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W" };
+
+    static String tableName(int j) { return tableNames[j]; }
+
+    /**
+    * The genAccess method generates source code for one table access expression.
+    *
+    * Most of the complexity stems from handling various options as to
+    * table representation, such as whether it contains values so large that
+    * they are represented as negative values and whether the table values are
+    * preshifted.  This method also avoids such "ugly" expressions as shifting
+    * by distance zero, masking when no masking is necessary, and so on.
+    * For clarity, it generates expressions that do not rely on operator
+    * precedence, but otherwise it avoids generating redundant parentheses.
+    *
+    * A generated expression might look like A[Y[(X[ch>>6]<<6)|(ch&0x3F)]]
+    * or A[Z[Y[(X[ch>>7]<<4)|((ch>>3)&0xF)]|(ch&0x7)]], for example.
+    *
+    * @param tbl                the name of the final table to be accessed
+    * @param var                the variable name that appeared in parentheses in the
+    *                           "Lookup" command
+    * @param bits       the number of bits (not bytes) to be used to represent
+    *                   the final table entry
+    * @return   the replacement text for the "Lookup(xxx)" command, as a String
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#replaceCommand
+    */
+
+    static String genAccess(String tbl, String var, int bits) {
+        String access = null;
+        int bitoffset = bits == 1 ? 5 : bits == 2 ? 4 : bits == 4 ? 3 : 0;
+        for (int k = 0; k < sizes.length; k++) {
+            int offset = ((k < sizes.length - 1) ? 0 : bitoffset);
+            int shift = shifts[k] + offset;
+            String shifted = (shift == 0) ? var : "(" + var + ">>" + shift + ")";
+            int mask = (1 << (sizes[k] - offset)) - 1;
+            String masked = (k == 0) ? shifted :
+              "(" + shifted + "&0x" + hex(mask) + ")";
+            String index = (k == 0) ? masked :
+             (mask == 0) ? access : "(" + access + "|" + masked + ")";
+            String indexNoParens = (index.charAt(0) != '(') ? index :
+                 index.substring(1, index.length() - 1);
+            String tblname = (k == sizes.length - 1) ? tbl : tableName(k);
+            String fetched = tblname + "[" + indexNoParens + "]";
+            String zeroextended = (zeroextend[k] == 0) ? fetched :
+                "(" + fetched + "&0x" + hex(zeroextend[k]) + ")";
+            int adjustment = preshifted[k] ? 0 :
+               sizes[k+1] - ((k == sizes.length - 2) ? bitoffset : 0);
+            String adjusted = (preshifted[k] || adjustment == 0) ? zeroextended :
+                "(" + zeroextended + "<<" + adjustment + ")";
+            String bitshift = (bits == 1) ? "(" + var + "&0x1F)" :
+                (bits == 2) ? "((" + var + "&0xF)<<1)" :
+                (bits == 4) ? "((" + var + "&7)<<2)" : null;
+            String extracted = ((k < sizes.length - 1) || (bits >= 8)) ? adjusted :
+                "((" + adjusted + ">>" + bitshift + ")&" +
+                (bits == 4 ? "0xF" : "" + ((1 << bits) - 1)) + ")";
+            access = extracted;
+        }
+        return access;
+    }
+
+    /* The command line arguments are decoded and used to set the following
+     global variables.
+     */
+
+    static boolean verbose = false;
+    static boolean nobidi = false;
+    static boolean nomirror = false;
+    static boolean identifiers = false;
+    static boolean Csyntax = false;
+    static String TemplateFileName = null;
+    static String OutputFileName = null;
+    static String UnicodeSpecFileName = null; // liu
+    static String SpecialCasingFileName = null;
+    static String PropListFileName = null;
+    static boolean useCharForByte = false;
+    static int[] sizes;
+    static int bins = 0; // liu; if > 0, then perform search
+    static boolean tableAsString = false;
+    static boolean bLatin1 = false;
+
+    static String commandLineDescription;
+
+    /* Other global variables, equal in length to the "sizes" array. */
+
+    static int[] shifts;
+    static int[] zeroextend;
+    static int[] bytes;
+    static boolean[] preshifted;
+    static long[][] tables;
+
+
+    /* Other global variables */
+    static String commentStart;
+    static String commentEnd;
+
+    static StringBuffer initializers = new StringBuffer();
+
+    /* special casing rules for 1:M toUpperCase mappings */
+    static SpecialCaseMap[] specialCaseMaps;
+
+    /**
+    * Process the command line arguments.
+    *
+    * The allowed flags in command line are:
+    * <dl>
+    * <dt> -verbose             <dd> Emit comments to standard output describing
+    *                                   what's going on during the processing.
+    * <dt> -nobidi              <dd> Do not include bidi categories in the
+    *                                   encoded character properties.
+    * <dt> -nomirror    <dd> Do no include mirror property in the encoded
+    *                        character properties.
+    * <dt> -identifiers         <dd> Generate tables for scanning identifiers only.
+    * <dt> -c                   <dd> Output code in C syntax instead of Java syntax.
+    * <dt> -o filename          <dd> Specify output file name.
+    * <dt> -template filename   <dd> Specify template input file name.
+    * <dt> -spec filename        <dd> Specify Unicode spec file name.
+    * <dt> -specialcasing filename <dd> Specify Unicode special casing file name.
+    * <dt> -search bins          <dd> Try different partitions into the specified
+    *                                    number of bins.  E.g., for 2 bins, try
+    *                                    16 0, 15 1,..., 0 16.
+    * <dt> -string               <dd> Create table as string.  Only valid with Java
+    *                                    syntax.
+    * <dt> -latin1          <dd> Create a latin 1 only property table.
+    * </dl>
+    * In addition, decimal literals may appear as command line arguments;
+    * each one represents the number of bits of the character to be broken
+    * off at each lookup step.  If present, they must add up to 16 (the number
+    * of bits in a char value).  For smaller tables, the last value should
+    * be 0; values other than the last one may not be zero.  If no such
+    * numeric values are provided, default values are used.
+    *
+    * @param args       the command line arguments, as an array of String
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#main
+    */
+
+    static void processArgs(String[] args) {
+        StringBuffer desc = new StringBuffer("java GenerateCharacter");
+        for (int j=0; j<args.length; ++j) {
+            desc.append(" " + args[j]);
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < args.length; j++) {
+            if (args[j].equals("-verbose") || args[j].equals("-v"))
+                verbose = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-nobidi"))
+                nobidi = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-nomirror"))
+                nomirror = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-identifiers"))
+                identifiers = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-c"))
+                Csyntax = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-string"))
+                tableAsString = true;
+            else if (args[j].equals("-o")) {
+                if (j == args.length - 1) {
+                    FAIL("File name missing after -o");
+                }
+                else {
+                    OutputFileName = args[++j];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-search")) {
+                if (j == args.length - 1)
+                    FAIL("Bin count missing after -search");
+                else {
+                    bins = Integer.parseInt(args[++j]);
+                    if (bins < 1 || bins > 10)
+                        FAIL("Bin count must be >= 1 and <= 10");
+                }
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-template")) {
+                if (j == args.length - 1)
+                    FAIL("File name missing after -template");
+                else
+                    TemplateFileName = args[++j];
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-spec")) { // liu
+                if (j == args.length - 1) {
+                    FAIL("File name missing after -spec");
+                }
+                else {
+                    UnicodeSpecFileName = args[++j];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-specialcasing")) {
+                if (j == args.length -1) {
+                    FAIL("File name missing after -specialcasing");
+                }
+                else {
+                    SpecialCasingFileName = args[++j];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-proplist")) {
+                if (j == args.length -1) {
+                    FAIL("File name missing after -proplist");
+                }
+                else {
+                    PropListFileName = args[++j];
+                }
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-plane")) {
+                if (j == args.length -1) {
+                    FAIL("Plane number missing after -plane");
+                }
+                else {
+                    plane = Integer.parseInt(args[++j]);
+                }
+                if (plane > 0) {
+                    bLatin1 = false;
+                }
+            }
+            else if ("-usecharforbyte".equals(args[j])) {
+                useCharForByte = true;
+            }
+            else if (args[j].equals("-latin1")) {
+                bLatin1 = true;
+                plane = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+                try {
+                    int val = Integer.parseInt(args[j]);
+                    if (val < 0 || val > 32) FAIL("Incorrect bit field width: " + args[j]);
+                    if (sizes == null)
+                        sizes = new int[1];
+                    else {
+                        int[] newsizes = new int[sizes.length + 1];
+                        System.arraycopy(sizes, 0, newsizes, 0, sizes.length);
+                        sizes = newsizes;
+                    }
+                    sizes[sizes.length - 1] = val;
+                }
+                catch(NumberFormatException e) {
+                    FAIL("Unknown switch: " + args[j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (Csyntax && tableAsString) {
+            FAIL("Can't specify table as string with C syntax");
+        }
+        if (sizes == null) {
+            desc.append(" [");
+            if (identifiers) {
+                int[] newsizes = { 8, 4, 4 };           // Good default values
+                desc.append("8 4 4]");
+                sizes = newsizes;
+            }
+            else {
+                int[] newsizes = { 10, 5, 1 }; // Guy's old defaults for 2.0.14: { 9, 4, 3, 0 }
+                desc.append("10 5 1]");
+                sizes = newsizes;
+            }
+        }
+        if (UnicodeSpecFileName == null) { // liu
+            UnicodeSpecFileName = DefaultUnicodeSpecFileName;
+            desc.append(" [-spec " + UnicodeSpecFileName + ']');
+        }
+        if (SpecialCasingFileName == null) {
+            SpecialCasingFileName = DefaultSpecialCasingFileName;
+            desc.append(" [-specialcasing " + SpecialCasingFileName + ']');
+        }
+        if (PropListFileName == null) {
+            PropListFileName = DefaultPropListFileName;
+            desc.append(" [-proplist " + PropListFileName + ']');
+        }
+        if (TemplateFileName == null) {
+            TemplateFileName = (Csyntax ? DefaultCTemplateFileName
+                  : DefaultJavaTemplateFileName);
+            desc.append(" [-template " + TemplateFileName + ']');
+        }
+        if (OutputFileName == null) {
+            OutputFileName = (Csyntax ? DefaultCOutputFileName
+                    : DefaultJavaOutputFileName);
+            desc.append(" [-o " + OutputFileName + ']');
+        }
+        commentStart = (Csyntax ? "/*" : "//");
+        commentEnd = (Csyntax ? " */" : "");
+        commandLineDescription = desc.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static void searchBins(long[] map, int binsOccupied) throws Exception {
+        int bitsFree = 16;
+        for (int i=0; i<binsOccupied; ++i) bitsFree -= sizes[i];
+        if (binsOccupied == (bins-1)) {
+            sizes[binsOccupied] = bitsFree;
+            generateForSizes(map);
+        }
+        else {
+            for (int i=1; i<bitsFree; ++i) { // Don't allow bins of 0 except for last one
+                sizes[binsOccupied] = i;
+                searchBins(map, binsOccupied+1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void generateForSizes(long[] map) throws Exception {
+        int sum = 0;
+        shifts = new int[sizes.length];
+        for (int k = sizes.length - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
+            shifts[k] = sum;
+            sum += sizes[k];
+        }
+        if ((1 << sum) < map.length || (1 << (sum - 1)) >= map.length) {
+            FAIL("Bit field widths total to " + sum +
+             ": wrong total for map of size " + map.length);
+        }
+        // need a table for each set of lookup bits in char
+        tables = new long[sizes.length][];
+        // the last table is the map
+        tables[sizes.length - 1] = map;
+        for (int j = sizes.length - 1; j > 0; j--) {
+            if (verbose && bins==0)
+                System.err.println("Building map " + (j+1) + " of bit width " + sizes[j]);
+            long[][] temp = buildTable(tables[j], sizes[j]);
+            tables[j-1] = temp[0];
+            tables[j] = temp[1];
+        }
+        preshifted = new boolean[sizes.length];
+        zeroextend = new int[sizes.length];
+        bytes = new int[sizes.length];
+        for (int j = 0; j < sizes.length - 1; j++) {
+            int len = tables[j+1].length;
+            int size = sizes[j+1];
+            if (len > 0x100 && (len >> size) <= 0x100) {
+                len >>= size;
+                preshifted[j] = false;
+            }
+            else if (len > 0x10000 && (len >> size) <= 0x10000) {
+                len >>= size;
+                preshifted[j] = false;
+            }
+            else preshifted[j] = true;
+            if (Csyntax)
+                zeroextend[j] = 0;
+            else if (len > 0x7F && len <= 0xFF) {
+                if (!useCharForByte) {
+                    zeroextend[j] = 0xFF;
+                }
+            } else if (len > 0x7FFF && len <= 0xFFFF)
+                zeroextend[j] = 0xFFFF;
+            else zeroextend[j] = 0;
+            if (len <= 0x100) bytes[j] = 1;
+            else if (len <= 0x10000) bytes[j] = 2;
+            else bytes[j] = 4;
+        }
+        preshifted[sizes.length - 1] = true;
+        zeroextend[sizes.length - 1] = 0;
+        bytes[sizes.length - 1] = 0;
+        if (bins > 0) {
+            int totalBytes = getTotalBytes();
+            String access = genAccess("A", "ch", (identifiers ? 2 : 32));
+            int accessComplexity = 0;
+            for (int j=0; j<access.length(); ++j) {
+                char ch = access.charAt(j);
+                if ("[&|><".indexOf(ch) >= 0) ++accessComplexity;
+                if (ch == '<' || ch == '>') ++j;
+            }
+            System.out.print("(");
+            for (int j=0; j<sizes.length; ++j) System.out.print(" " + sizes[j]);
+            System.out.println(" ) " + totalBytes + " " + accessComplexity + " " + access);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println("    n\t size\tlength\tshift\tzeroext\tbytes\tpreshifted");
+            for (int j = 0; j < sizes.length; j++) {
+                System.out.println(dec5(j) + "\t" +
+                    dec5(sizes[j]) + "\t" +
+                    dec5(tables[j].length) + "\t" +
+                    dec5(shifts[j]) + "\t" +
+                    dec5(zeroextend[j]) + "\t" +
+                    dec5(bytes[j]) + "\t " +
+                    preshifted[j]);
+            }
+        }
+        if (verbose) {
+            System.out.println("Generating source code for class Character");
+            System.out.println("A table access looks like " +
+                         genAccess("A", "ch", (identifiers ? 2 : 32)));
+        }
+        generateCharacterClass(TemplateFileName, OutputFileName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * The main program for generating source code for the Character class.
+    * The basic outline of its operation is:
+    * <ol>
+    * <li> Process the command line arguments.  One result of this process
+    *           is a list of sizes (measured in bits and summing to 16).
+    * <li> Get the Unicode character property data from the specification file.
+    * <li> From that, build a map that has, for each character code, its
+    *           relevant properties encoded as a long integer value.
+    * <li> Repeatedly compress the map, producing a compressed table and a
+    *           new map.  This is done once for each size value in the list.
+    *           When this is done, we have a set of tables.
+    * <li> Make some decisions about table representation; record these
+    *           decisions in arrays named preshifted, zeroextend, and bytes.
+    * <li> Generate the source code for the class Character by performing
+    *           macro processing on a template file.
+    * </ol>
+    *
+    * @param args       the command line arguments, as an array of String
+    *
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#processArgs
+    * @see UnicodeSpec@readSpecFile
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#buildMap
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#buildTable
+    * @see GenerateCharacter#generateCharacterClass
+    */
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        processArgs(args);
+        try {
+
+            UnicodeSpec[] data = UnicodeSpec.readSpecFile(new File(UnicodeSpecFileName), plane);
+            specialCaseMaps = SpecialCaseMap.readSpecFile(new File(SpecialCasingFileName), plane);
+            PropList propList = PropList.readSpecFile(new File(PropListFileName), plane);
+
+            if (verbose) {
+                System.out.println(data.length + " items read from Unicode spec file " + UnicodeSpecFileName); // liu
+            }
+            long[] map = buildMap(data, specialCaseMaps, propList);
+            if (verbose) {
+                System.err.println("Completed building of initial map");
+            }
+
+            if (bins == 0) {
+                generateForSizes(map);
+            }
+            else {
+                while (bins > 0) {
+                    sizes = new int[bins];
+                    searchBins(map, 0);
+                    --bins;
+                }
+            }
+            if (verbose && false) {
+                System.out.println("Offset range seen: -" + hex8(-minOffsetSeen) + "..+" +
+                             hex8(maxOffsetSeen));
+                System.out.println("          allowed: -" + hex8(-minOffset) + "..+" +
+                             hex8(maxOffset));
+            }
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) { FAIL(e.toString()); }
+        catch (IOException e) { FAIL(e.toString()); }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            System.out.println("Unexpected exception:");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            FAIL("Unexpected exception!");
+        }
+        if (verbose) { System.out.println("Done!");}
+    }
+
+}   // end class