jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ref/Reference.java
changeset 25859 3317bb8137f4
parent 23009 e2c92ddeb57f
child 29919 be906afc335b
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/ref/Reference.java	Sun Aug 17 15:54:13 2014 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package java.lang.ref;
+
+import sun.misc.Cleaner;
+import sun.misc.JavaLangRefAccess;
+import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base class for reference objects.  This class defines the
+ * operations common to all reference objects.  Because reference objects are
+ * implemented in close cooperation with the garbage collector, this class may
+ * not be subclassed directly.
+ *
+ * @author   Mark Reinhold
+ * @since    1.2
+ */
+
+public abstract class Reference<T> {
+
+    /* A Reference instance is in one of four possible internal states:
+     *
+     *     Active: Subject to special treatment by the garbage collector.  Some
+     *     time after the collector detects that the reachability of the
+     *     referent has changed to the appropriate state, it changes the
+     *     instance's state to either Pending or Inactive, depending upon
+     *     whether or not the instance was registered with a queue when it was
+     *     created.  In the former case it also adds the instance to the
+     *     pending-Reference list.  Newly-created instances are Active.
+     *
+     *     Pending: An element of the pending-Reference list, waiting to be
+     *     enqueued by the Reference-handler thread.  Unregistered instances
+     *     are never in this state.
+     *
+     *     Enqueued: An element of the queue with which the instance was
+     *     registered when it was created.  When an instance is removed from
+     *     its ReferenceQueue, it is made Inactive.  Unregistered instances are
+     *     never in this state.
+     *
+     *     Inactive: Nothing more to do.  Once an instance becomes Inactive its
+     *     state will never change again.
+     *
+     * The state is encoded in the queue and next fields as follows:
+     *
+     *     Active: queue = ReferenceQueue with which instance is registered, or
+     *     ReferenceQueue.NULL if it was not registered with a queue; next =
+     *     null.
+     *
+     *     Pending: queue = ReferenceQueue with which instance is registered;
+     *     next = this
+     *
+     *     Enqueued: queue = ReferenceQueue.ENQUEUED; next = Following instance
+     *     in queue, or this if at end of list.
+     *
+     *     Inactive: queue = ReferenceQueue.NULL; next = this.
+     *
+     * With this scheme the collector need only examine the next field in order
+     * to determine whether a Reference instance requires special treatment: If
+     * the next field is null then the instance is active; if it is non-null,
+     * then the collector should treat the instance normally.
+     *
+     * To ensure that a concurrent collector can discover active Reference
+     * objects without interfering with application threads that may apply
+     * the enqueue() method to those objects, collectors should link
+     * discovered objects through the discovered field. The discovered
+     * field is also used for linking Reference objects in the pending list.
+     */
+
+    private T referent;         /* Treated specially by GC */
+
+    volatile ReferenceQueue<? super T> queue;
+
+    /* When active:   NULL
+     *     pending:   this
+     *    Enqueued:   next reference in queue (or this if last)
+     *    Inactive:   this
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    Reference next;
+
+    /* When active:   next element in a discovered reference list maintained by GC (or this if last)
+     *     pending:   next element in the pending list (or null if last)
+     *   otherwise:   NULL
+     */
+    transient private Reference<T> discovered;  /* used by VM */
+
+
+    /* Object used to synchronize with the garbage collector.  The collector
+     * must acquire this lock at the beginning of each collection cycle.  It is
+     * therefore critical that any code holding this lock complete as quickly
+     * as possible, allocate no new objects, and avoid calling user code.
+     */
+    static private class Lock { }
+    private static Lock lock = new Lock();
+
+
+    /* List of References waiting to be enqueued.  The collector adds
+     * References to this list, while the Reference-handler thread removes
+     * them.  This list is protected by the above lock object. The
+     * list uses the discovered field to link its elements.
+     */
+    private static Reference<Object> pending = null;
+
+    /* High-priority thread to enqueue pending References
+     */
+    private static class ReferenceHandler extends Thread {
+
+        private static void ensureClassInitialized(Class<?> clazz) {
+            try {
+                Class.forName(clazz.getName(), true, clazz.getClassLoader());
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                throw (Error) new NoClassDefFoundError(e.getMessage()).initCause(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static {
+            // pre-load and initialize InterruptedException and Cleaner classes
+            // so that we don't get into trouble later in the run loop if there's
+            // memory shortage while loading/initializing them lazily.
+            ensureClassInitialized(InterruptedException.class);
+            ensureClassInitialized(Cleaner.class);
+        }
+
+        ReferenceHandler(ThreadGroup g, String name) {
+            super(g, name);
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            while (true) {
+                tryHandlePending(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try handle pending {@link Reference} if there is one.<p>
+     * Return {@code true} as a hint that there might be another
+     * {@link Reference} pending or {@code false} when there are no more pending
+     * {@link Reference}s at the moment and the program can do some other
+     * useful work instead of looping.
+     *
+     * @param waitForNotify if {@code true} and there was no pending
+     *                      {@link Reference}, wait until notified from VM
+     *                      or interrupted; if {@code false}, return immediately
+     *                      when there is no pending {@link Reference}.
+     * @return {@code true} if there was a {@link Reference} pending and it
+     *         was processed, or we waited for notification and either got it
+     *         or thread was interrupted before being notified;
+     *         {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    static boolean tryHandlePending(boolean waitForNotify) {
+        Reference<Object> r;
+        Cleaner c;
+        try {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                if (pending != null) {
+                    r = pending;
+                    // 'instanceof' might throw OutOfMemoryError sometimes
+                    // so do this before un-linking 'r' from the 'pending' chain...
+                    c = r instanceof Cleaner ? (Cleaner) r : null;
+                    // unlink 'r' from 'pending' chain
+                    pending = r.discovered;
+                    r.discovered = null;
+                } else {
+                    // The waiting on the lock may cause an OutOfMemoryError
+                    // because it may try to allocate exception objects.
+                    if (waitForNotify) {
+                        lock.wait();
+                    }
+                    // retry if waited
+                    return waitForNotify;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (OutOfMemoryError x) {
+            // Give other threads CPU time so they hopefully drop some live references
+            // and GC reclaims some space.
+            // Also prevent CPU intensive spinning in case 'r instanceof Cleaner' above
+            // persistently throws OOME for some time...
+            Thread.yield();
+            // retry
+            return true;
+        } catch (InterruptedException x) {
+            // retry
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Fast path for cleaners
+        if (c != null) {
+            c.clean();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        ReferenceQueue<? super Object> q = r.queue;
+        if (q != ReferenceQueue.NULL) q.enqueue(r);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static {
+        ThreadGroup tg = Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
+        for (ThreadGroup tgn = tg;
+             tgn != null;
+             tg = tgn, tgn = tg.getParent());
+        Thread handler = new ReferenceHandler(tg, "Reference Handler");
+        /* If there were a special system-only priority greater than
+         * MAX_PRIORITY, it would be used here
+         */
+        handler.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
+        handler.setDaemon(true);
+        handler.start();
+
+        // provide access in SharedSecrets
+        SharedSecrets.setJavaLangRefAccess(new JavaLangRefAccess() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean tryHandlePendingReference() {
+                return tryHandlePending(false);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /* -- Referent accessor and setters -- */
+
+    /**
+     * Returns this reference object's referent.  If this reference object has
+     * been cleared, either by the program or by the garbage collector, then
+     * this method returns <code>null</code>.
+     *
+     * @return   The object to which this reference refers, or
+     *           <code>null</code> if this reference object has been cleared
+     */
+    public T get() {
+        return this.referent;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears this reference object.  Invoking this method will not cause this
+     * object to be enqueued.
+     *
+     * <p> This method is invoked only by Java code; when the garbage collector
+     * clears references it does so directly, without invoking this method.
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        this.referent = null;
+    }
+
+
+    /* -- Queue operations -- */
+
+    /**
+     * Tells whether or not this reference object has been enqueued, either by
+     * the program or by the garbage collector.  If this reference object was
+     * not registered with a queue when it was created, then this method will
+     * always return <code>false</code>.
+     *
+     * @return   <code>true</code> if and only if this reference object has
+     *           been enqueued
+     */
+    public boolean isEnqueued() {
+        return (this.queue == ReferenceQueue.ENQUEUED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds this reference object to the queue with which it is registered,
+     * if any.
+     *
+     * <p> This method is invoked only by Java code; when the garbage collector
+     * enqueues references it does so directly, without invoking this method.
+     *
+     * @return   <code>true</code> if this reference object was successfully
+     *           enqueued; <code>false</code> if it was already enqueued or if
+     *           it was not registered with a queue when it was created
+     */
+    public boolean enqueue() {
+        return this.queue.enqueue(this);
+    }
+
+
+    /* -- Constructors -- */
+
+    Reference(T referent) {
+        this(referent, null);
+    }
+
+    Reference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> queue) {
+        this.referent = referent;
+        this.queue = (queue == null) ? ReferenceQueue.NULL : queue;
+    }
+
+}