langtools/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/classfile/ClassWriter.java
changeset 30846 2b3f379840f0
parent 25874 83c19f00452c
child 34752 9c262a013456
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/langtools/src/jdk.jdeps/share/classes/com/sun/tools/classfile/ClassWriter.java	Wed May 27 13:25:18 2015 -0700
@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package com.sun.tools.classfile;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import static com.sun.tools.classfile.Annotation.*;
+import static com.sun.tools.classfile.ConstantPool.*;
+import static com.sun.tools.classfile.StackMapTable_attribute.*;
+import static com.sun.tools.classfile.StackMapTable_attribute.verification_type_info.*;
+
+/**
+ * Write a ClassFile data structure to a file or stream.
+ *
+ *  <p><b>This is NOT part of any supported API.
+ *  If you write code that depends on this, you do so at your own risk.
+ *  This code and its internal interfaces are subject to change or
+ *  deletion without notice.</b>
+ */
+public class ClassWriter {
+    public ClassWriter() {
+        attributeWriter = new AttributeWriter();
+        constantPoolWriter = new ConstantPoolWriter();
+        out = new ClassOutputStream();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a ClassFile data structure to a file.
+     */
+    public void write(ClassFile classFile, File f) throws IOException {
+        try (FileOutputStream f_out = new FileOutputStream(f)) {
+            write(classFile, f_out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a ClassFile data structure to a stream.
+     */
+    public void write(ClassFile classFile, OutputStream s) throws IOException {
+        this.classFile = classFile;
+        out.reset();
+        write();
+        out.writeTo(s);
+    }
+
+    protected void write() throws IOException {
+        writeHeader();
+        writeConstantPool();
+        writeAccessFlags(classFile.access_flags);
+        writeClassInfo();
+        writeFields();
+        writeMethods();
+        writeAttributes(classFile.attributes);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeHeader() {
+        out.writeInt(classFile.magic);
+        out.writeShort(classFile.minor_version);
+        out.writeShort(classFile.major_version);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeAccessFlags(AccessFlags flags) {
+        out.writeShort(flags.flags);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeAttributes(Attributes attributes) {
+        int size = attributes.size();
+        out.writeShort(size);
+        for (Attribute attr: attributes)
+            attributeWriter.write(attr, out);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeClassInfo() {
+        out.writeShort(classFile.this_class);
+        out.writeShort(classFile.super_class);
+        int[] interfaces = classFile.interfaces;
+        out.writeShort(interfaces.length);
+        for (int i: interfaces)
+            out.writeShort(i);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeDescriptor(Descriptor d) {
+        out.writeShort(d.index);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeConstantPool() {
+        ConstantPool pool = classFile.constant_pool;
+        int size = pool.size();
+        out.writeShort(size);
+        for (CPInfo cpInfo: pool.entries())
+            constantPoolWriter.write(cpInfo, out);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeFields() throws IOException {
+        Field[] fields = classFile.fields;
+        out.writeShort(fields.length);
+        for (Field f: fields)
+            writeField(f);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeField(Field f) throws IOException {
+        writeAccessFlags(f.access_flags);
+        out.writeShort(f.name_index);
+        writeDescriptor(f.descriptor);
+        writeAttributes(f.attributes);
+    }
+
+    protected void writeMethods() throws IOException {
+        Method[] methods = classFile.methods;
+        out.writeShort(methods.length);
+        for (Method m: methods) {
+            writeMethod(m);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void writeMethod(Method m) throws IOException {
+        writeAccessFlags(m.access_flags);
+        out.writeShort(m.name_index);
+        writeDescriptor(m.descriptor);
+        writeAttributes(m.attributes);
+    }
+
+    protected ClassFile classFile;
+    protected ClassOutputStream out;
+    protected AttributeWriter attributeWriter;
+    protected ConstantPoolWriter constantPoolWriter;
+
+    /**
+     * Subtype of ByteArrayOutputStream with the convenience methods of
+     * a DataOutputStream. Since ByteArrayOutputStream does not throw
+     * IOException, there are no exceptions from the additional
+     * convenience methods either,
+     */
+    protected static class ClassOutputStream extends ByteArrayOutputStream {
+        public ClassOutputStream() {
+            d = new DataOutputStream(this);
+        }
+
+        public void writeByte(int value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeByte(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeShort(int value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeShort(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeInt(int value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeInt(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeLong(long value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeLong(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeFloat(float value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeFloat(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeDouble(double value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeDouble(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeUTF(String value) {
+            try {
+                d.writeUTF(value);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void writeTo(ClassOutputStream s) {
+            try {
+                super.writeTo(s);
+            } catch (IOException ignore) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        private DataOutputStream d;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writer for the entries in the constant pool.
+     */
+    protected static class ConstantPoolWriter
+           implements ConstantPool.Visitor<Integer,ClassOutputStream> {
+        protected int write(CPInfo info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(info.getTag());
+            return info.accept(this, out);
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitClass(CONSTANT_Class_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.name_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitDouble(CONSTANT_Double_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeDouble(info.value);
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitFieldref(CONSTANT_Fieldref_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            writeRef(info, out);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitFloat(CONSTANT_Float_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeFloat(info.value);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitInteger(CONSTANT_Integer_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeInt(info.value);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitInterfaceMethodref(CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            writeRef(info, out);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitInvokeDynamic(CONSTANT_InvokeDynamic_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.bootstrap_method_attr_index);
+            out.writeShort(info.name_and_type_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitLong(CONSTANT_Long_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeLong(info.value);
+            return 2;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitNameAndType(CONSTANT_NameAndType_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.name_index);
+            out.writeShort(info.type_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitMethodHandle(CONSTANT_MethodHandle_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(info.reference_kind.tag);
+            out.writeShort(info.reference_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitMethodType(CONSTANT_MethodType_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.descriptor_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitMethodref(CONSTANT_Methodref_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            return writeRef(info, out);
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitString(CONSTANT_String_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.string_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        public Integer visitUtf8(CONSTANT_Utf8_info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeUTF(info.value);
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        protected Integer writeRef(CPRefInfo info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.class_index);
+            out.writeShort(info.name_and_type_index);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writer for the different types of attribute.
+     */
+    protected static class AttributeWriter implements Attribute.Visitor<Void,ClassOutputStream> {
+        public void write(Attributes attributes, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            int size = attributes.size();
+            out.writeShort(size);
+            for (Attribute a: attributes)
+                write(a, out);
+        }
+
+        // Note: due to the use of shared resources, this method is not reentrant.
+        public void write(Attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.attribute_name_index);
+            sharedOut.reset();
+            attr.accept(this, sharedOut);
+            out.writeInt(sharedOut.size());
+            sharedOut.writeTo(out);
+        }
+
+        protected ClassOutputStream sharedOut = new ClassOutputStream();
+        protected AnnotationWriter annotationWriter = new AnnotationWriter();
+
+        public Void visitDefault(DefaultAttribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.write(attr.info, 0, attr.info.length);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitAnnotationDefault(AnnotationDefault_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            annotationWriter.write(attr.default_value, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitBootstrapMethods(BootstrapMethods_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.bootstrap_method_specifiers.length);
+            for (BootstrapMethods_attribute.BootstrapMethodSpecifier bsm : attr.bootstrap_method_specifiers) {
+                out.writeShort(bsm.bootstrap_method_ref);
+                int bsm_args_count = bsm.bootstrap_arguments.length;
+                out.writeShort(bsm_args_count);
+                for (int i : bsm.bootstrap_arguments) {
+                    out.writeShort(i);
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitCharacterRangeTable(CharacterRangeTable_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.character_range_table.length);
+            for (CharacterRangeTable_attribute.Entry e: attr.character_range_table)
+                writeCharacterRangeTableEntry(e, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeCharacterRangeTableEntry(CharacterRangeTable_attribute.Entry entry, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(entry.start_pc);
+            out.writeShort(entry.end_pc);
+            out.writeInt(entry.character_range_start);
+            out.writeInt(entry.character_range_end);
+            out.writeShort(entry.flags);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitCode(Code_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.max_stack);
+            out.writeShort(attr.max_locals);
+            out.writeInt(attr.code.length);
+            out.write(attr.code, 0, attr.code.length);
+            out.writeShort(attr.exception_table.length);
+            for (Code_attribute.Exception_data e: attr.exception_table)
+                writeExceptionTableEntry(e, out);
+            new AttributeWriter().write(attr.attributes, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeExceptionTableEntry(Code_attribute.Exception_data exception_data, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(exception_data.start_pc);
+            out.writeShort(exception_data.end_pc);
+            out.writeShort(exception_data.handler_pc);
+            out.writeShort(exception_data.catch_type);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitCompilationID(CompilationID_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.compilationID_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitConstantValue(ConstantValue_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.constantvalue_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitDeprecated(Deprecated_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitEnclosingMethod(EnclosingMethod_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.class_index);
+            out.writeShort(attr.method_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitExceptions(Exceptions_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.exception_index_table.length);
+            for (int i: attr.exception_index_table)
+                out.writeShort(i);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitInnerClasses(InnerClasses_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.classes.length);
+            for (InnerClasses_attribute.Info info: attr.classes)
+                writeInnerClassesInfo(info, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeInnerClassesInfo(InnerClasses_attribute.Info info, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(info.inner_class_info_index);
+            out.writeShort(info.outer_class_info_index);
+            out.writeShort(info.inner_name_index);
+            writeAccessFlags(info.inner_class_access_flags, out);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitLineNumberTable(LineNumberTable_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.line_number_table.length);
+            for (LineNumberTable_attribute.Entry e: attr.line_number_table)
+                writeLineNumberTableEntry(e, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeLineNumberTableEntry(LineNumberTable_attribute.Entry entry, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(entry.start_pc);
+            out.writeShort(entry.line_number);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitLocalVariableTable(LocalVariableTable_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.local_variable_table.length);
+            for (LocalVariableTable_attribute.Entry e: attr.local_variable_table)
+                writeLocalVariableTableEntry(e, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeLocalVariableTableEntry(LocalVariableTable_attribute.Entry entry, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(entry.start_pc);
+            out.writeShort(entry.length);
+            out.writeShort(entry.name_index);
+            out.writeShort(entry.descriptor_index);
+            out.writeShort(entry.index);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitLocalVariableTypeTable(LocalVariableTypeTable_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.local_variable_table.length);
+            for (LocalVariableTypeTable_attribute.Entry e: attr.local_variable_table)
+                writeLocalVariableTypeTableEntry(e, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeLocalVariableTypeTableEntry(LocalVariableTypeTable_attribute.Entry entry, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(entry.start_pc);
+            out.writeShort(entry.length);
+            out.writeShort(entry.name_index);
+            out.writeShort(entry.signature_index);
+            out.writeShort(entry.index);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitMethodParameters(MethodParameters_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(attr.method_parameter_table.length);
+            for (MethodParameters_attribute.Entry e : attr.method_parameter_table) {
+                out.writeShort(e.name_index);
+                out.writeShort(e.flags);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeVisibleAnnotations(RuntimeVisibleAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            annotationWriter.write(attr.annotations, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeInvisibleAnnotations(RuntimeInvisibleAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            annotationWriter.write(attr.annotations, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations(RuntimeVisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            annotationWriter.write(attr.annotations, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations(RuntimeInvisibleTypeAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            annotationWriter.write(attr.annotations, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations(RuntimeVisibleParameterAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(attr.parameter_annotations.length);
+            for (Annotation[] annos: attr.parameter_annotations)
+                annotationWriter.write(annos, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitRuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations(RuntimeInvisibleParameterAnnotations_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(attr.parameter_annotations.length);
+            for (Annotation[] annos: attr.parameter_annotations)
+                annotationWriter.write(annos, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitSignature(Signature_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.signature_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitSourceDebugExtension(SourceDebugExtension_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.write(attr.debug_extension, 0, attr.debug_extension.length);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitSourceFile(SourceFile_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.sourcefile_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitSourceID(SourceID_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(attr.sourceID_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitStackMap(StackMap_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            if (stackMapWriter == null)
+                stackMapWriter = new StackMapTableWriter();
+
+            out.writeShort(attr.entries.length);
+            for (stack_map_frame f: attr.entries)
+                stackMapWriter.write(f, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitStackMapTable(StackMapTable_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            if (stackMapWriter == null)
+                stackMapWriter = new StackMapTableWriter();
+
+            out.writeShort(attr.entries.length);
+            for (stack_map_frame f: attr.entries)
+                stackMapWriter.write(f, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitSynthetic(Synthetic_attribute attr, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeAccessFlags(AccessFlags flags, ClassOutputStream p) {
+            sharedOut.writeShort(flags.flags);
+        }
+
+        protected StackMapTableWriter stackMapWriter;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writer for the frames of StackMap and StackMapTable attributes.
+     */
+    protected static class StackMapTableWriter
+            implements stack_map_frame.Visitor<Void,ClassOutputStream> {
+
+        public void write(stack_map_frame frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.write(frame.frame_type);
+            frame.accept(this, out);
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_same_frame(same_frame frame, ClassOutputStream p) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_same_locals_1_stack_item_frame(same_locals_1_stack_item_frame frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            writeVerificationTypeInfo(frame.stack[0], out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended(same_locals_1_stack_item_frame_extended frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(frame.offset_delta);
+            writeVerificationTypeInfo(frame.stack[0], out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_chop_frame(chop_frame frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(frame.offset_delta);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_same_frame_extended(same_frame_extended frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(frame.offset_delta);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_append_frame(append_frame frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(frame.offset_delta);
+            for (verification_type_info l: frame.locals)
+                writeVerificationTypeInfo(l, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visit_full_frame(full_frame frame, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(frame.offset_delta);
+            out.writeShort(frame.locals.length);
+            for (verification_type_info l: frame.locals)
+                writeVerificationTypeInfo(l, out);
+            out.writeShort(frame.stack.length);
+            for (verification_type_info s: frame.stack)
+                writeVerificationTypeInfo(s, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        protected void writeVerificationTypeInfo(verification_type_info info,
+                ClassOutputStream out)  {
+            out.write(info.tag);
+            switch (info.tag) {
+            case ITEM_Top:
+            case ITEM_Integer:
+            case ITEM_Float:
+            case ITEM_Long:
+            case ITEM_Double:
+            case ITEM_Null:
+            case ITEM_UninitializedThis:
+                break;
+
+            case ITEM_Object:
+                Object_variable_info o = (Object_variable_info) info;
+                out.writeShort(o.cpool_index);
+                break;
+
+            case ITEM_Uninitialized:
+                Uninitialized_variable_info u = (Uninitialized_variable_info) info;
+                out.writeShort(u.offset);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                throw new Error();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writer for annotations and the values they contain.
+     */
+    protected static class AnnotationWriter
+            implements Annotation.element_value.Visitor<Void,ClassOutputStream> {
+        public void write(Annotation[] annos, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(annos.length);
+            for (Annotation anno: annos)
+                write(anno, out);
+        }
+
+        public void write(TypeAnnotation[] annos, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(annos.length);
+            for (TypeAnnotation anno: annos)
+                write(anno, out);
+        }
+
+        public void write(Annotation anno, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(anno.type_index);
+            out.writeShort(anno.element_value_pairs.length);
+            for (element_value_pair p: anno.element_value_pairs)
+                write(p, out);
+        }
+
+        public void write(TypeAnnotation anno, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            write(anno.position, out);
+            write(anno.annotation, out);
+        }
+
+        public void write(element_value_pair pair, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(pair.element_name_index);
+            write(pair.value, out);
+        }
+
+        public void write(element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(ev.tag);
+            ev.accept(this, out);
+        }
+
+        public Void visitPrimitive(Primitive_element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(ev.const_value_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitEnum(Enum_element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(ev.type_name_index);
+            out.writeShort(ev.const_name_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitClass(Class_element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(ev.class_info_index);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitAnnotation(Annotation_element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            write(ev.annotation_value, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public Void visitArray(Array_element_value ev, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeShort(ev.num_values);
+            for (element_value v: ev.values)
+                write(v, out);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: Move this to TypeAnnotation to be closer with similar logic?
+        private void write(TypeAnnotation.Position p, ClassOutputStream out) {
+            out.writeByte(p.type.targetTypeValue());
+            switch (p.type) {
+            // instanceof
+            case INSTANCEOF:
+            // new expression
+            case NEW:
+            // constructor/method reference receiver
+            case CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE:
+            case METHOD_REFERENCE:
+                out.writeShort(p.offset);
+                break;
+            // local variable
+            case LOCAL_VARIABLE:
+            // resource variable
+            case RESOURCE_VARIABLE:
+                int table_length = p.lvarOffset.length;
+                out.writeShort(table_length);
+                for (int i = 0; i < table_length; ++i) {
+                    out.writeShort(1);  // for table length
+                    out.writeShort(p.lvarOffset[i]);
+                    out.writeShort(p.lvarLength[i]);
+                    out.writeShort(p.lvarIndex[i]);
+                }
+                break;
+            // exception parameter
+            case EXCEPTION_PARAMETER:
+                out.writeShort(p.exception_index);
+                break;
+            // method receiver
+            case METHOD_RECEIVER:
+                // Do nothing
+                break;
+            // type parameters
+            case CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER:
+            case METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER:
+                out.writeByte(p.parameter_index);
+                break;
+            // type parameters bounds
+            case CLASS_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND:
+            case METHOD_TYPE_PARAMETER_BOUND:
+                out.writeByte(p.parameter_index);
+                out.writeByte(p.bound_index);
+                break;
+            // class extends or implements clause
+            case CLASS_EXTENDS:
+                out.writeShort(p.type_index);
+                break;
+            // throws
+            case THROWS:
+                out.writeShort(p.type_index);
+                break;
+            // method parameter
+            case METHOD_FORMAL_PARAMETER:
+                out.writeByte(p.parameter_index);
+                break;
+            // type cast
+            case CAST:
+            // method/constructor/reference type argument
+            case CONSTRUCTOR_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
+            case METHOD_INVOCATION_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
+            case CONSTRUCTOR_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
+            case METHOD_REFERENCE_TYPE_ARGUMENT:
+                out.writeShort(p.offset);
+                out.writeByte(p.type_index);
+                break;
+            // We don't need to worry about these
+            case METHOD_RETURN:
+            case FIELD:
+                break;
+            case UNKNOWN:
+                throw new AssertionError("ClassWriter: UNKNOWN target type should never occur!");
+            default:
+                throw new AssertionError("ClassWriter: Unknown target type for position: " + p);
+            }
+
+            { // Append location data for generics/arrays.
+                // TODO: check for overrun?
+                out.writeByte((byte)p.location.size());
+                for (int i : TypeAnnotation.Position.getBinaryFromTypePath(p.location))
+                    out.writeByte((byte)i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}