jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/misc/ProxyGenerator.java
changeset 34763 138d9e3f9da7
parent 34762 d68b7daca533
parent 34748 3b2cde99bd99
child 34764 f9bcdce2df26
--- a/jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/sun/misc/ProxyGenerator.java	Mon Dec 21 17:47:21 2015 +0100
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,2031 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 1999, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
- * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
- *
- * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
- * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
- * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
- * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
- *
- * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
- * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
- * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
- * accompanied this code).
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
- * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
- * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
- *
- * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
- * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
- * questions.
- */
-
-package sun.misc;
-
-import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.DataOutputStream;
-import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.OutputStream;
-import java.lang.reflect.Array;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-import java.nio.file.Files;
-import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.nio.file.Paths;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.ListIterator;
-import java.util.Map;
-import sun.security.action.GetBooleanAction;
-
-/**
- * ProxyGenerator contains the code to generate a dynamic proxy class
- * for the java.lang.reflect.Proxy API.
- *
- * The external interfaces to ProxyGenerator is the static
- * "generateProxyClass" method.
- *
- * @author      Peter Jones
- * @since       1.3
- */
-public class ProxyGenerator {
-    /*
-     * In the comments below, "JVMS" refers to The Java Virtual Machine
-     * Specification Second Edition and "JLS" refers to the original
-     * version of The Java Language Specification, unless otherwise
-     * specified.
-     */
-
-    /* generate 1.5-era class file version */
-    private static final int CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION = 49;
-    private static final int CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
-
-    /*
-     * beginning of constants copied from
-     * sun.tools.java.RuntimeConstants (which no longer exists):
-     */
-
-    /* constant pool tags */
-    private static final int CONSTANT_UTF8              = 1;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_UNICODE           = 2;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_INTEGER           = 3;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_FLOAT             = 4;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_LONG              = 5;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_DOUBLE            = 6;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_CLASS             = 7;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_STRING            = 8;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_FIELD             = 9;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_METHOD            = 10;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_INTERFACEMETHOD   = 11;
-    private static final int CONSTANT_NAMEANDTYPE       = 12;
-
-    /* access and modifier flags */
-    private static final int ACC_PUBLIC                 = 0x00000001;
-    private static final int ACC_PRIVATE                = 0x00000002;
-//  private static final int ACC_PROTECTED              = 0x00000004;
-    private static final int ACC_STATIC                 = 0x00000008;
-    private static final int ACC_FINAL                  = 0x00000010;
-//  private static final int ACC_SYNCHRONIZED           = 0x00000020;
-//  private static final int ACC_VOLATILE               = 0x00000040;
-//  private static final int ACC_TRANSIENT              = 0x00000080;
-//  private static final int ACC_NATIVE                 = 0x00000100;
-//  private static final int ACC_INTERFACE              = 0x00000200;
-//  private static final int ACC_ABSTRACT               = 0x00000400;
-    private static final int ACC_SUPER                  = 0x00000020;
-//  private static final int ACC_STRICT                 = 0x00000800;
-
-    /* opcodes */
-//  private static final int opc_nop                    = 0;
-    private static final int opc_aconst_null            = 1;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_m1              = 2;
-    private static final int opc_iconst_0               = 3;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_1               = 4;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_2               = 5;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_3               = 6;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_4               = 7;
-//  private static final int opc_iconst_5               = 8;
-//  private static final int opc_lconst_0               = 9;
-//  private static final int opc_lconst_1               = 10;
-//  private static final int opc_fconst_0               = 11;
-//  private static final int opc_fconst_1               = 12;
-//  private static final int opc_fconst_2               = 13;
-//  private static final int opc_dconst_0               = 14;
-//  private static final int opc_dconst_1               = 15;
-    private static final int opc_bipush                 = 16;
-    private static final int opc_sipush                 = 17;
-    private static final int opc_ldc                    = 18;
-    private static final int opc_ldc_w                  = 19;
-//  private static final int opc_ldc2_w                 = 20;
-    private static final int opc_iload                  = 21;
-    private static final int opc_lload                  = 22;
-    private static final int opc_fload                  = 23;
-    private static final int opc_dload                  = 24;
-    private static final int opc_aload                  = 25;
-    private static final int opc_iload_0                = 26;
-//  private static final int opc_iload_1                = 27;
-//  private static final int opc_iload_2                = 28;
-//  private static final int opc_iload_3                = 29;
-    private static final int opc_lload_0                = 30;
-//  private static final int opc_lload_1                = 31;
-//  private static final int opc_lload_2                = 32;
-//  private static final int opc_lload_3                = 33;
-    private static final int opc_fload_0                = 34;
-//  private static final int opc_fload_1                = 35;
-//  private static final int opc_fload_2                = 36;
-//  private static final int opc_fload_3                = 37;
-    private static final int opc_dload_0                = 38;
-//  private static final int opc_dload_1                = 39;
-//  private static final int opc_dload_2                = 40;
-//  private static final int opc_dload_3                = 41;
-    private static final int opc_aload_0                = 42;
-//  private static final int opc_aload_1                = 43;
-//  private static final int opc_aload_2                = 44;
-//  private static final int opc_aload_3                = 45;
-//  private static final int opc_iaload                 = 46;
-//  private static final int opc_laload                 = 47;
-//  private static final int opc_faload                 = 48;
-//  private static final int opc_daload                 = 49;
-//  private static final int opc_aaload                 = 50;
-//  private static final int opc_baload                 = 51;
-//  private static final int opc_caload                 = 52;
-//  private static final int opc_saload                 = 53;
-//  private static final int opc_istore                 = 54;
-//  private static final int opc_lstore                 = 55;
-//  private static final int opc_fstore                 = 56;
-//  private static final int opc_dstore                 = 57;
-    private static final int opc_astore                 = 58;
-//  private static final int opc_istore_0               = 59;
-//  private static final int opc_istore_1               = 60;
-//  private static final int opc_istore_2               = 61;
-//  private static final int opc_istore_3               = 62;
-//  private static final int opc_lstore_0               = 63;
-//  private static final int opc_lstore_1               = 64;
-//  private static final int opc_lstore_2               = 65;
-//  private static final int opc_lstore_3               = 66;
-//  private static final int opc_fstore_0               = 67;
-//  private static final int opc_fstore_1               = 68;
-//  private static final int opc_fstore_2               = 69;
-//  private static final int opc_fstore_3               = 70;
-//  private static final int opc_dstore_0               = 71;
-//  private static final int opc_dstore_1               = 72;
-//  private static final int opc_dstore_2               = 73;
-//  private static final int opc_dstore_3               = 74;
-    private static final int opc_astore_0               = 75;
-//  private static final int opc_astore_1               = 76;
-//  private static final int opc_astore_2               = 77;
-//  private static final int opc_astore_3               = 78;
-//  private static final int opc_iastore                = 79;
-//  private static final int opc_lastore                = 80;
-//  private static final int opc_fastore                = 81;
-//  private static final int opc_dastore                = 82;
-    private static final int opc_aastore                = 83;
-//  private static final int opc_bastore                = 84;
-//  private static final int opc_castore                = 85;
-//  private static final int opc_sastore                = 86;
-    private static final int opc_pop                    = 87;
-//  private static final int opc_pop2                   = 88;
-    private static final int opc_dup                    = 89;
-//  private static final int opc_dup_x1                 = 90;
-//  private static final int opc_dup_x2                 = 91;
-//  private static final int opc_dup2                   = 92;
-//  private static final int opc_dup2_x1                = 93;
-//  private static final int opc_dup2_x2                = 94;
-//  private static final int opc_swap                   = 95;
-//  private static final int opc_iadd                   = 96;
-//  private static final int opc_ladd                   = 97;
-//  private static final int opc_fadd                   = 98;
-//  private static final int opc_dadd                   = 99;
-//  private static final int opc_isub                   = 100;
-//  private static final int opc_lsub                   = 101;
-//  private static final int opc_fsub                   = 102;
-//  private static final int opc_dsub                   = 103;
-//  private static final int opc_imul                   = 104;
-//  private static final int opc_lmul                   = 105;
-//  private static final int opc_fmul                   = 106;
-//  private static final int opc_dmul                   = 107;
-//  private static final int opc_idiv                   = 108;
-//  private static final int opc_ldiv                   = 109;
-//  private static final int opc_fdiv                   = 110;
-//  private static final int opc_ddiv                   = 111;
-//  private static final int opc_irem                   = 112;
-//  private static final int opc_lrem                   = 113;
-//  private static final int opc_frem                   = 114;
-//  private static final int opc_drem                   = 115;
-//  private static final int opc_ineg                   = 116;
-//  private static final int opc_lneg                   = 117;
-//  private static final int opc_fneg                   = 118;
-//  private static final int opc_dneg                   = 119;
-//  private static final int opc_ishl                   = 120;
-//  private static final int opc_lshl                   = 121;
-//  private static final int opc_ishr                   = 122;
-//  private static final int opc_lshr                   = 123;
-//  private static final int opc_iushr                  = 124;
-//  private static final int opc_lushr                  = 125;
-//  private static final int opc_iand                   = 126;
-//  private static final int opc_land                   = 127;
-//  private static final int opc_ior                    = 128;
-//  private static final int opc_lor                    = 129;
-//  private static final int opc_ixor                   = 130;
-//  private static final int opc_lxor                   = 131;
-//  private static final int opc_iinc                   = 132;
-//  private static final int opc_i2l                    = 133;
-//  private static final int opc_i2f                    = 134;
-//  private static final int opc_i2d                    = 135;
-//  private static final int opc_l2i                    = 136;
-//  private static final int opc_l2f                    = 137;
-//  private static final int opc_l2d                    = 138;
-//  private static final int opc_f2i                    = 139;
-//  private static final int opc_f2l                    = 140;
-//  private static final int opc_f2d                    = 141;
-//  private static final int opc_d2i                    = 142;
-//  private static final int opc_d2l                    = 143;
-//  private static final int opc_d2f                    = 144;
-//  private static final int opc_i2b                    = 145;
-//  private static final int opc_i2c                    = 146;
-//  private static final int opc_i2s                    = 147;
-//  private static final int opc_lcmp                   = 148;
-//  private static final int opc_fcmpl                  = 149;
-//  private static final int opc_fcmpg                  = 150;
-//  private static final int opc_dcmpl                  = 151;
-//  private static final int opc_dcmpg                  = 152;
-//  private static final int opc_ifeq                   = 153;
-//  private static final int opc_ifne                   = 154;
-//  private static final int opc_iflt                   = 155;
-//  private static final int opc_ifge                   = 156;
-//  private static final int opc_ifgt                   = 157;
-//  private static final int opc_ifle                   = 158;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmpeq              = 159;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmpne              = 160;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmplt              = 161;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmpge              = 162;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmpgt              = 163;
-//  private static final int opc_if_icmple              = 164;
-//  private static final int opc_if_acmpeq              = 165;
-//  private static final int opc_if_acmpne              = 166;
-//  private static final int opc_goto                   = 167;
-//  private static final int opc_jsr                    = 168;
-//  private static final int opc_ret                    = 169;
-//  private static final int opc_tableswitch            = 170;
-//  private static final int opc_lookupswitch           = 171;
-    private static final int opc_ireturn                = 172;
-    private static final int opc_lreturn                = 173;
-    private static final int opc_freturn                = 174;
-    private static final int opc_dreturn                = 175;
-    private static final int opc_areturn                = 176;
-    private static final int opc_return                 = 177;
-    private static final int opc_getstatic              = 178;
-    private static final int opc_putstatic              = 179;
-    private static final int opc_getfield               = 180;
-//  private static final int opc_putfield               = 181;
-    private static final int opc_invokevirtual          = 182;
-    private static final int opc_invokespecial          = 183;
-    private static final int opc_invokestatic           = 184;
-    private static final int opc_invokeinterface        = 185;
-    private static final int opc_new                    = 187;
-//  private static final int opc_newarray               = 188;
-    private static final int opc_anewarray              = 189;
-//  private static final int opc_arraylength            = 190;
-    private static final int opc_athrow                 = 191;
-    private static final int opc_checkcast              = 192;
-//  private static final int opc_instanceof             = 193;
-//  private static final int opc_monitorenter           = 194;
-//  private static final int opc_monitorexit            = 195;
-    private static final int opc_wide                   = 196;
-//  private static final int opc_multianewarray         = 197;
-//  private static final int opc_ifnull                 = 198;
-//  private static final int opc_ifnonnull              = 199;
-//  private static final int opc_goto_w                 = 200;
-//  private static final int opc_jsr_w                  = 201;
-
-    // end of constants copied from sun.tools.java.RuntimeConstants
-
-    /** name of the superclass of proxy classes */
-    private static final String superclassName = "java/lang/reflect/Proxy";
-
-    /** name of field for storing a proxy instance's invocation handler */
-    private static final String handlerFieldName = "h";
-
-    /** debugging flag for saving generated class files */
-    private static final boolean saveGeneratedFiles =
-        java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
-            new GetBooleanAction(
-                "sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles")).booleanValue();
-
-    /**
-     * Generate a public proxy class given a name and a list of proxy interfaces.
-     */
-    public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name,
-                                            Class<?>[] interfaces) {
-        return generateProxyClass(name, interfaces, (ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL | ACC_SUPER));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate a proxy class given a name and a list of proxy interfaces.
-     *
-     * @param name        the class name of the proxy class
-     * @param interfaces  proxy interfaces
-     * @param accessFlags access flags of the proxy class
-    */
-    public static byte[] generateProxyClass(final String name,
-                                            Class<?>[] interfaces,
-                                            int accessFlags)
-    {
-        ProxyGenerator gen = new ProxyGenerator(name, interfaces, accessFlags);
-        final byte[] classFile = gen.generateClassFile();
-
-        if (saveGeneratedFiles) {
-            java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
-            new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
-                public Void run() {
-                    try {
-                        int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
-                        Path path;
-                        if (i > 0) {
-                            Path dir = Paths.get(name.substring(0, i).replace('.', File.separatorChar));
-                            Files.createDirectories(dir);
-                            path = dir.resolve(name.substring(i+1, name.length()) + ".class");
-                        } else {
-                            path = Paths.get(name + ".class");
-                        }
-                        Files.write(path, classFile);
-                        return null;
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        throw new InternalError(
-                            "I/O exception saving generated file: " + e);
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        return classFile;
-    }
-
-    /* preloaded Method objects for methods in java.lang.Object */
-    private static Method hashCodeMethod;
-    private static Method equalsMethod;
-    private static Method toStringMethod;
-    static {
-        try {
-            hashCodeMethod = Object.class.getMethod("hashCode");
-            equalsMethod =
-                Object.class.getMethod("equals", new Class<?>[] { Object.class });
-            toStringMethod = Object.class.getMethod("toString");
-        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
-            throw new NoSuchMethodError(e.getMessage());
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** name of proxy class */
-    private String className;
-
-    /** proxy interfaces */
-    private Class<?>[] interfaces;
-
-    /** proxy class access flags */
-    private int accessFlags;
-
-    /** constant pool of class being generated */
-    private ConstantPool cp = new ConstantPool();
-
-    /** FieldInfo struct for each field of generated class */
-    private List<FieldInfo> fields = new ArrayList<>();
-
-    /** MethodInfo struct for each method of generated class */
-    private List<MethodInfo> methods = new ArrayList<>();
-
-    /**
-     * maps method signature string to list of ProxyMethod objects for
-     * proxy methods with that signature
-     */
-    private Map<String, List<ProxyMethod>> proxyMethods = new HashMap<>();
-
-    /** count of ProxyMethod objects added to proxyMethods */
-    private int proxyMethodCount = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Construct a ProxyGenerator to generate a proxy class with the
-     * specified name and for the given interfaces.
-     *
-     * A ProxyGenerator object contains the state for the ongoing
-     * generation of a particular proxy class.
-     */
-    private ProxyGenerator(String className, Class<?>[] interfaces, int accessFlags) {
-        this.className = className;
-        this.interfaces = interfaces;
-        this.accessFlags = accessFlags;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate a class file for the proxy class.  This method drives the
-     * class file generation process.
-     */
-    private byte[] generateClassFile() {
-
-        /* ============================================================
-         * Step 1: Assemble ProxyMethod objects for all methods to
-         * generate proxy dispatching code for.
-         */
-
-        /*
-         * Record that proxy methods are needed for the hashCode, equals,
-         * and toString methods of java.lang.Object.  This is done before
-         * the methods from the proxy interfaces so that the methods from
-         * java.lang.Object take precedence over duplicate methods in the
-         * proxy interfaces.
-         */
-        addProxyMethod(hashCodeMethod, Object.class);
-        addProxyMethod(equalsMethod, Object.class);
-        addProxyMethod(toStringMethod, Object.class);
-
-        /*
-         * Now record all of the methods from the proxy interfaces, giving
-         * earlier interfaces precedence over later ones with duplicate
-         * methods.
-         */
-        for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
-            for (Method m : intf.getMethods()) {
-                addProxyMethod(m, intf);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * For each set of proxy methods with the same signature,
-         * verify that the methods' return types are compatible.
-         */
-        for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
-            checkReturnTypes(sigmethods);
-        }
-
-        /* ============================================================
-         * Step 2: Assemble FieldInfo and MethodInfo structs for all of
-         * fields and methods in the class we are generating.
-         */
-        try {
-            methods.add(generateConstructor());
-
-            for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
-                for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {
-
-                    // add static field for method's Method object
-                    fields.add(new FieldInfo(pm.methodFieldName,
-                        "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;",
-                         ACC_PRIVATE | ACC_STATIC));
-
-                    // generate code for proxy method and add it
-                    methods.add(pm.generateMethod());
-                }
-            }
-
-            methods.add(generateStaticInitializer());
-
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
-        }
-
-        if (methods.size() > 65535) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("method limit exceeded");
-        }
-        if (fields.size() > 65535) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("field limit exceeded");
-        }
-
-        /* ============================================================
-         * Step 3: Write the final class file.
-         */
-
-        /*
-         * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
-         * following items before starting to write the final class file.
-         */
-        cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className));
-        cp.getClass(superclassName);
-        for (Class<?> intf: interfaces) {
-            cp.getClass(dotToSlash(intf.getName()));
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * Disallow new constant pool additions beyond this point, since
-         * we are about to write the final constant pool table.
-         */
-        cp.setReadOnly();
-
-        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(bout);
-
-        try {
-            /*
-             * Write all the items of the "ClassFile" structure.
-             * See JVMS section 4.1.
-             */
-                                        // u4 magic;
-            dout.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);
-                                        // u2 minor_version;
-            dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MINOR_VERSION);
-                                        // u2 major_version;
-            dout.writeShort(CLASSFILE_MAJOR_VERSION);
-
-            cp.write(dout);             // (write constant pool)
-
-                                        // u2 access_flags;
-            dout.writeShort(accessFlags);
-                                        // u2 this_class;
-            dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(className)));
-                                        // u2 super_class;
-            dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(superclassName));
-
-                                        // u2 interfaces_count;
-            dout.writeShort(interfaces.length);
-                                        // u2 interfaces[interfaces_count];
-            for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
-                dout.writeShort(cp.getClass(
-                    dotToSlash(intf.getName())));
-            }
-
-                                        // u2 fields_count;
-            dout.writeShort(fields.size());
-                                        // field_info fields[fields_count];
-            for (FieldInfo f : fields) {
-                f.write(dout);
-            }
-
-                                        // u2 methods_count;
-            dout.writeShort(methods.size());
-                                        // method_info methods[methods_count];
-            for (MethodInfo m : methods) {
-                m.write(dout);
-            }
-
-                                         // u2 attributes_count;
-            dout.writeShort(0); // (no ClassFile attributes for proxy classes)
-
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new InternalError("unexpected I/O Exception", e);
-        }
-
-        return bout.toByteArray();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add another method to be proxied, either by creating a new
-     * ProxyMethod object or augmenting an old one for a duplicate
-     * method.
-     *
-     * "fromClass" indicates the proxy interface that the method was
-     * found through, which may be different from (a subinterface of)
-     * the method's "declaring class".  Note that the first Method
-     * object passed for a given name and descriptor identifies the
-     * Method object (and thus the declaring class) that will be
-     * passed to the invocation handler's "invoke" method for a given
-     * set of duplicate methods.
-     */
-    private void addProxyMethod(Method m, Class<?> fromClass) {
-        String name = m.getName();
-        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = m.getParameterTypes();
-        Class<?> returnType = m.getReturnType();
-        Class<?>[] exceptionTypes = m.getExceptionTypes();
-
-        String sig = name + getParameterDescriptors(parameterTypes);
-        List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods = proxyMethods.get(sig);
-        if (sigmethods != null) {
-            for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {
-                if (returnType == pm.returnType) {
-                    /*
-                     * Found a match: reduce exception types to the
-                     * greatest set of exceptions that can thrown
-                     * compatibly with the throws clauses of both
-                     * overridden methods.
-                     */
-                    List<Class<?>> legalExceptions = new ArrayList<>();
-                    collectCompatibleTypes(
-                        exceptionTypes, pm.exceptionTypes, legalExceptions);
-                    collectCompatibleTypes(
-                        pm.exceptionTypes, exceptionTypes, legalExceptions);
-                    pm.exceptionTypes = new Class<?>[legalExceptions.size()];
-                    pm.exceptionTypes =
-                        legalExceptions.toArray(pm.exceptionTypes);
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            sigmethods = new ArrayList<>(3);
-            proxyMethods.put(sig, sigmethods);
-        }
-        sigmethods.add(new ProxyMethod(name, parameterTypes, returnType,
-                                       exceptionTypes, fromClass));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * For a given set of proxy methods with the same signature, check
-     * that their return types are compatible according to the Proxy
-     * specification.
-     *
-     * Specifically, if there is more than one such method, then all
-     * of the return types must be reference types, and there must be
-     * one return type that is assignable to each of the rest of them.
-     */
-    private static void checkReturnTypes(List<ProxyMethod> methods) {
-        /*
-         * If there is only one method with a given signature, there
-         * cannot be a conflict.  This is the only case in which a
-         * primitive (or void) return type is allowed.
-         */
-        if (methods.size() < 2) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * List of return types that are not yet known to be
-         * assignable from ("covered" by) any of the others.
-         */
-        LinkedList<Class<?>> uncoveredReturnTypes = new LinkedList<>();
-
-    nextNewReturnType:
-        for (ProxyMethod pm : methods) {
-            Class<?> newReturnType = pm.returnType;
-            if (newReturnType.isPrimitive()) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "methods with same signature " +
-                    getFriendlyMethodSignature(pm.methodName,
-                                               pm.parameterTypes) +
-                    " but incompatible return types: " +
-                    newReturnType.getName() + " and others");
-            }
-            boolean added = false;
-
-            /*
-             * Compare the new return type to the existing uncovered
-             * return types.
-             */
-            ListIterator<Class<?>> liter = uncoveredReturnTypes.listIterator();
-            while (liter.hasNext()) {
-                Class<?> uncoveredReturnType = liter.next();
-
-                /*
-                 * If an existing uncovered return type is assignable
-                 * to this new one, then we can forget the new one.
-                 */
-                if (newReturnType.isAssignableFrom(uncoveredReturnType)) {
-                    assert !added;
-                    continue nextNewReturnType;
-                }
-
-                /*
-                 * If the new return type is assignable to an existing
-                 * uncovered one, then should replace the existing one
-                 * with the new one (or just forget the existing one,
-                 * if the new one has already be put in the list).
-                 */
-                if (uncoveredReturnType.isAssignableFrom(newReturnType)) {
-                    // (we can assume that each return type is unique)
-                    if (!added) {
-                        liter.set(newReturnType);
-                        added = true;
-                    } else {
-                        liter.remove();
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            /*
-             * If we got through the list of existing uncovered return
-             * types without an assignability relationship, then add
-             * the new return type to the list of uncovered ones.
-             */
-            if (!added) {
-                uncoveredReturnTypes.add(newReturnType);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /*
-         * We shouldn't end up with more than one return type that is
-         * not assignable from any of the others.
-         */
-        if (uncoveredReturnTypes.size() > 1) {
-            ProxyMethod pm = methods.get(0);
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                "methods with same signature " +
-                getFriendlyMethodSignature(pm.methodName, pm.parameterTypes) +
-                " but incompatible return types: " + uncoveredReturnTypes);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A FieldInfo object contains information about a particular field
-     * in the class being generated.  The class mirrors the data items of
-     * the "field_info" structure of the class file format (see JVMS 4.5).
-     */
-    private class FieldInfo {
-        public int accessFlags;
-        public String name;
-        public String descriptor;
-
-        public FieldInfo(String name, String descriptor, int accessFlags) {
-            this.name = name;
-            this.descriptor = descriptor;
-            this.accessFlags = accessFlags;
-
-            /*
-             * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
-             * following items before starting to write the final class file.
-             */
-            cp.getUtf8(name);
-            cp.getUtf8(descriptor);
-        }
-
-        public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
-            /*
-             * Write all the items of the "field_info" structure.
-             * See JVMS section 4.5.
-             */
-                                        // u2 access_flags;
-            out.writeShort(accessFlags);
-                                        // u2 name_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8(name));
-                                        // u2 descriptor_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8(descriptor));
-                                        // u2 attributes_count;
-            out.writeShort(0);  // (no field_info attributes for proxy classes)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * An ExceptionTableEntry object holds values for the data items of
-     * an entry in the "exception_table" item of the "Code" attribute of
-     * "method_info" structures (see JVMS 4.7.3).
-     */
-    private static class ExceptionTableEntry {
-        public short startPc;
-        public short endPc;
-        public short handlerPc;
-        public short catchType;
-
-        public ExceptionTableEntry(short startPc, short endPc,
-                                   short handlerPc, short catchType)
-        {
-            this.startPc = startPc;
-            this.endPc = endPc;
-            this.handlerPc = handlerPc;
-            this.catchType = catchType;
-        }
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * A MethodInfo object contains information about a particular method
-     * in the class being generated.  This class mirrors the data items of
-     * the "method_info" structure of the class file format (see JVMS 4.6).
-     */
-    private class MethodInfo {
-        public int accessFlags;
-        public String name;
-        public String descriptor;
-        public short maxStack;
-        public short maxLocals;
-        public ByteArrayOutputStream code = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
-        public List<ExceptionTableEntry> exceptionTable =
-            new ArrayList<ExceptionTableEntry>();
-        public short[] declaredExceptions;
-
-        public MethodInfo(String name, String descriptor, int accessFlags) {
-            this.name = name;
-            this.descriptor = descriptor;
-            this.accessFlags = accessFlags;
-
-            /*
-             * Make sure that constant pool indexes are reserved for the
-             * following items before starting to write the final class file.
-             */
-            cp.getUtf8(name);
-            cp.getUtf8(descriptor);
-            cp.getUtf8("Code");
-            cp.getUtf8("Exceptions");
-        }
-
-        public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
-            /*
-             * Write all the items of the "method_info" structure.
-             * See JVMS section 4.6.
-             */
-                                        // u2 access_flags;
-            out.writeShort(accessFlags);
-                                        // u2 name_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8(name));
-                                        // u2 descriptor_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8(descriptor));
-                                        // u2 attributes_count;
-            out.writeShort(2);  // (two method_info attributes:)
-
-            // Write "Code" attribute. See JVMS section 4.7.3.
-
-                                        // u2 attribute_name_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8("Code"));
-                                        // u4 attribute_length;
-            out.writeInt(12 + code.size() + 8 * exceptionTable.size());
-                                        // u2 max_stack;
-            out.writeShort(maxStack);
-                                        // u2 max_locals;
-            out.writeShort(maxLocals);
-                                        // u2 code_length;
-            out.writeInt(code.size());
-                                        // u1 code[code_length];
-            code.writeTo(out);
-                                        // u2 exception_table_length;
-            out.writeShort(exceptionTable.size());
-            for (ExceptionTableEntry e : exceptionTable) {
-                                        // u2 start_pc;
-                out.writeShort(e.startPc);
-                                        // u2 end_pc;
-                out.writeShort(e.endPc);
-                                        // u2 handler_pc;
-                out.writeShort(e.handlerPc);
-                                        // u2 catch_type;
-                out.writeShort(e.catchType);
-            }
-                                        // u2 attributes_count;
-            out.writeShort(0);
-
-            // write "Exceptions" attribute.  See JVMS section 4.7.4.
-
-                                        // u2 attribute_name_index;
-            out.writeShort(cp.getUtf8("Exceptions"));
-                                        // u4 attributes_length;
-            out.writeInt(2 + 2 * declaredExceptions.length);
-                                        // u2 number_of_exceptions;
-            out.writeShort(declaredExceptions.length);
-                        // u2 exception_index_table[number_of_exceptions];
-            for (short value : declaredExceptions) {
-                out.writeShort(value);
-            }
-        }
-
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A ProxyMethod object represents a proxy method in the proxy class
-     * being generated: a method whose implementation will encode and
-     * dispatch invocations to the proxy instance's invocation handler.
-     */
-    private class ProxyMethod {
-
-        public String methodName;
-        public Class<?>[] parameterTypes;
-        public Class<?> returnType;
-        public Class<?>[] exceptionTypes;
-        public Class<?> fromClass;
-        public String methodFieldName;
-
-        private ProxyMethod(String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
-                            Class<?> returnType, Class<?>[] exceptionTypes,
-                            Class<?> fromClass)
-        {
-            this.methodName = methodName;
-            this.parameterTypes = parameterTypes;
-            this.returnType = returnType;
-            this.exceptionTypes = exceptionTypes;
-            this.fromClass = fromClass;
-            this.methodFieldName = "m" + proxyMethodCount++;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Return a MethodInfo object for this method, including generating
-         * the code and exception table entry.
-         */
-        private MethodInfo generateMethod() throws IOException {
-            String desc = getMethodDescriptor(parameterTypes, returnType);
-            MethodInfo minfo = new MethodInfo(methodName, desc,
-                ACC_PUBLIC | ACC_FINAL);
-
-            int[] parameterSlot = new int[parameterTypes.length];
-            int nextSlot = 1;
-            for (int i = 0; i < parameterSlot.length; i++) {
-                parameterSlot[i] = nextSlot;
-                nextSlot += getWordsPerType(parameterTypes[i]);
-            }
-            int localSlot0 = nextSlot;
-            short pc, tryBegin = 0, tryEnd;
-
-            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(minfo.code);
-
-            code_aload(0, out);
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_getfield);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getFieldRef(
-                superclassName,
-                handlerFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/InvocationHandler;"));
-
-            code_aload(0, out);
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_getstatic);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getFieldRef(
-                dotToSlash(className),
-                methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;"));
-
-            if (parameterTypes.length > 0) {
-
-                code_ipush(parameterTypes.length, out);
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_anewarray);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getClass("java/lang/Object"));
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
-
-                    out.writeByte(opc_dup);
-
-                    code_ipush(i, out);
-
-                    codeWrapArgument(parameterTypes[i], parameterSlot[i], out);
-
-                    out.writeByte(opc_aastore);
-                }
-            } else {
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_aconst_null);
-            }
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_invokeinterface);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getInterfaceMethodRef(
-                "java/lang/reflect/InvocationHandler",
-                "invoke",
-                "(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;" +
-                    "[Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;"));
-            out.writeByte(4);
-            out.writeByte(0);
-
-            if (returnType == void.class) {
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_pop);
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_return);
-
-            } else {
-
-                codeUnwrapReturnValue(returnType, out);
-            }
-
-            tryEnd = pc = (short) minfo.code.size();
-
-            List<Class<?>> catchList = computeUniqueCatchList(exceptionTypes);
-            if (catchList.size() > 0) {
-
-                for (Class<?> ex : catchList) {
-                    minfo.exceptionTable.add(new ExceptionTableEntry(
-                        tryBegin, tryEnd, pc,
-                        cp.getClass(dotToSlash(ex.getName()))));
-                }
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_athrow);
-
-                pc = (short) minfo.code.size();
-
-                minfo.exceptionTable.add(new ExceptionTableEntry(
-                    tryBegin, tryEnd, pc, cp.getClass("java/lang/Throwable")));
-
-                code_astore(localSlot0, out);
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_new);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getClass(
-                    "java/lang/reflect/UndeclaredThrowableException"));
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_dup);
-
-                code_aload(localSlot0, out);
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_invokespecial);
-
-                out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-                    "java/lang/reflect/UndeclaredThrowableException",
-                    "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/Throwable;)V"));
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_athrow);
-            }
-
-            if (minfo.code.size() > 65535) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException("code size limit exceeded");
-            }
-
-            minfo.maxStack = 10;
-            minfo.maxLocals = (short) (localSlot0 + 1);
-            minfo.declaredExceptions = new short[exceptionTypes.length];
-            for (int i = 0; i < exceptionTypes.length; i++) {
-                minfo.declaredExceptions[i] = cp.getClass(
-                    dotToSlash(exceptionTypes[i].getName()));
-            }
-
-            return minfo;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Generate code for wrapping an argument of the given type
-         * whose value can be found at the specified local variable
-         * index, in order for it to be passed (as an Object) to the
-         * invocation handler's "invoke" method.  The code is written
-         * to the supplied stream.
-         */
-        private void codeWrapArgument(Class<?> type, int slot,
-                                      DataOutputStream out)
-            throws IOException
-        {
-            if (type.isPrimitive()) {
-                PrimitiveTypeInfo prim = PrimitiveTypeInfo.get(type);
-
-                if (type == int.class ||
-                    type == boolean.class ||
-                    type == byte.class ||
-                    type == char.class ||
-                    type == short.class)
-                {
-                    code_iload(slot, out);
-                } else if (type == long.class) {
-                    code_lload(slot, out);
-                } else if (type == float.class) {
-                    code_fload(slot, out);
-                } else if (type == double.class) {
-                    code_dload(slot, out);
-                } else {
-                    throw new AssertionError();
-                }
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_invokestatic);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-                    prim.wrapperClassName,
-                    "valueOf", prim.wrapperValueOfDesc));
-
-            } else {
-
-                code_aload(slot, out);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Generate code for unwrapping a return value of the given
-         * type from the invocation handler's "invoke" method (as type
-         * Object) to its correct type.  The code is written to the
-         * supplied stream.
-         */
-        private void codeUnwrapReturnValue(Class<?> type, DataOutputStream out)
-            throws IOException
-        {
-            if (type.isPrimitive()) {
-                PrimitiveTypeInfo prim = PrimitiveTypeInfo.get(type);
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_checkcast);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getClass(prim.wrapperClassName));
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_invokevirtual);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-                    prim.wrapperClassName,
-                    prim.unwrapMethodName, prim.unwrapMethodDesc));
-
-                if (type == int.class ||
-                    type == boolean.class ||
-                    type == byte.class ||
-                    type == char.class ||
-                    type == short.class)
-                {
-                    out.writeByte(opc_ireturn);
-                } else if (type == long.class) {
-                    out.writeByte(opc_lreturn);
-                } else if (type == float.class) {
-                    out.writeByte(opc_freturn);
-                } else if (type == double.class) {
-                    out.writeByte(opc_dreturn);
-                } else {
-                    throw new AssertionError();
-                }
-
-            } else {
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_checkcast);
-                out.writeShort(cp.getClass(dotToSlash(type.getName())));
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_areturn);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Generate code for initializing the static field that stores
-         * the Method object for this proxy method.  The code is written
-         * to the supplied stream.
-         */
-        private void codeFieldInitialization(DataOutputStream out)
-            throws IOException
-        {
-            codeClassForName(fromClass, out);
-
-            code_ldc(cp.getString(methodName), out);
-
-            code_ipush(parameterTypes.length, out);
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_anewarray);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getClass("java/lang/Class"));
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_dup);
-
-                code_ipush(i, out);
-
-                if (parameterTypes[i].isPrimitive()) {
-                    PrimitiveTypeInfo prim =
-                        PrimitiveTypeInfo.get(parameterTypes[i]);
-
-                    out.writeByte(opc_getstatic);
-                    out.writeShort(cp.getFieldRef(
-                        prim.wrapperClassName, "TYPE", "Ljava/lang/Class;"));
-
-                } else {
-                    codeClassForName(parameterTypes[i], out);
-                }
-
-                out.writeByte(opc_aastore);
-            }
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_invokevirtual);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-                "java/lang/Class",
-                "getMethod",
-                "(Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/Class;)" +
-                "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;"));
-
-            out.writeByte(opc_putstatic);
-            out.writeShort(cp.getFieldRef(
-                dotToSlash(className),
-                methodFieldName, "Ljava/lang/reflect/Method;"));
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate the constructor method for the proxy class.
-     */
-    private MethodInfo generateConstructor() throws IOException {
-        MethodInfo minfo = new MethodInfo(
-            "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/reflect/InvocationHandler;)V",
-            ACC_PUBLIC);
-
-        DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(minfo.code);
-
-        code_aload(0, out);
-
-        code_aload(1, out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokespecial);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            superclassName,
-            "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/reflect/InvocationHandler;)V"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_return);
-
-        minfo.maxStack = 10;
-        minfo.maxLocals = 2;
-        minfo.declaredExceptions = new short[0];
-
-        return minfo;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate the static initializer method for the proxy class.
-     */
-    private MethodInfo generateStaticInitializer() throws IOException {
-        MethodInfo minfo = new MethodInfo(
-            "<clinit>", "()V", ACC_STATIC);
-
-        int localSlot0 = 1;
-        short pc, tryBegin = 0, tryEnd;
-
-        DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(minfo.code);
-
-        for (List<ProxyMethod> sigmethods : proxyMethods.values()) {
-            for (ProxyMethod pm : sigmethods) {
-                pm.codeFieldInitialization(out);
-            }
-        }
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_return);
-
-        tryEnd = pc = (short) minfo.code.size();
-
-        minfo.exceptionTable.add(new ExceptionTableEntry(
-            tryBegin, tryEnd, pc,
-            cp.getClass("java/lang/NoSuchMethodException")));
-
-        code_astore(localSlot0, out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_new);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getClass("java/lang/NoSuchMethodError"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_dup);
-
-        code_aload(localSlot0, out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokevirtual);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            "java/lang/Throwable", "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokespecial);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            "java/lang/NoSuchMethodError", "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_athrow);
-
-        pc = (short) minfo.code.size();
-
-        minfo.exceptionTable.add(new ExceptionTableEntry(
-            tryBegin, tryEnd, pc,
-            cp.getClass("java/lang/ClassNotFoundException")));
-
-        code_astore(localSlot0, out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_new);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getClass("java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_dup);
-
-        code_aload(localSlot0, out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokevirtual);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            "java/lang/Throwable", "getMessage", "()Ljava/lang/String;"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokespecial);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            "java/lang/NoClassDefFoundError",
-            "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_athrow);
-
-        if (minfo.code.size() > 65535) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("code size limit exceeded");
-        }
-
-        minfo.maxStack = 10;
-        minfo.maxLocals = (short) (localSlot0 + 1);
-        minfo.declaredExceptions = new short[0];
-
-        return minfo;
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-     * =============== Code Generation Utility Methods ===============
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * The following methods generate code for the load or store operation
-     * indicated by their name for the given local variable.  The code is
-     * written to the supplied stream.
-     */
-
-    private void code_iload(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_iload, opc_iload_0, out);
-    }
-
-    private void code_lload(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_lload, opc_lload_0, out);
-    }
-
-    private void code_fload(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_fload, opc_fload_0, out);
-    }
-
-    private void code_dload(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_dload, opc_dload_0, out);
-    }
-
-    private void code_aload(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_aload, opc_aload_0, out);
-    }
-
-//  private void code_istore(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-//      throws IOException
-//  {
-//      codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_istore, opc_istore_0, out);
-//  }
-
-//  private void code_lstore(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-//      throws IOException
-//  {
-//      codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_lstore, opc_lstore_0, out);
-//  }
-
-//  private void code_fstore(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-//      throws IOException
-//  {
-//      codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_fstore, opc_fstore_0, out);
-//  }
-
-//  private void code_dstore(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-//      throws IOException
-//  {
-//      codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_dstore, opc_dstore_0, out);
-//  }
-
-    private void code_astore(int lvar, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        codeLocalLoadStore(lvar, opc_astore, opc_astore_0, out);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate code for a load or store instruction for the given local
-     * variable.  The code is written to the supplied stream.
-     *
-     * "opcode" indicates the opcode form of the desired load or store
-     * instruction that takes an explicit local variable index, and
-     * "opcode_0" indicates the corresponding form of the instruction
-     * with the implicit index 0.
-     */
-    private void codeLocalLoadStore(int lvar, int opcode, int opcode_0,
-                                    DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        assert lvar >= 0 && lvar <= 0xFFFF;
-        if (lvar <= 3) {
-            out.writeByte(opcode_0 + lvar);
-        } else if (lvar <= 0xFF) {
-            out.writeByte(opcode);
-            out.writeByte(lvar & 0xFF);
-        } else {
-            /*
-             * Use the "wide" instruction modifier for local variable
-             * indexes that do not fit into an unsigned byte.
-             */
-            out.writeByte(opc_wide);
-            out.writeByte(opcode);
-            out.writeShort(lvar & 0xFFFF);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate code for an "ldc" instruction for the given constant pool
-     * index (the "ldc_w" instruction is used if the index does not fit
-     * into an unsigned byte).  The code is written to the supplied stream.
-     */
-    private void code_ldc(int index, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        assert index >= 0 && index <= 0xFFFF;
-        if (index <= 0xFF) {
-            out.writeByte(opc_ldc);
-            out.writeByte(index & 0xFF);
-        } else {
-            out.writeByte(opc_ldc_w);
-            out.writeShort(index & 0xFFFF);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate code to push a constant integer value on to the operand
-     * stack, using the "iconst_<i>", "bipush", or "sipush" instructions
-     * depending on the size of the value.  The code is written to the
-     * supplied stream.
-     */
-    private void code_ipush(int value, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        if (value >= -1 && value <= 5) {
-            out.writeByte(opc_iconst_0 + value);
-        } else if (value >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && value <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
-            out.writeByte(opc_bipush);
-            out.writeByte(value & 0xFF);
-        } else if (value >= Short.MIN_VALUE && value <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
-            out.writeByte(opc_sipush);
-            out.writeShort(value & 0xFFFF);
-        } else {
-            throw new AssertionError();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Generate code to invoke the Class.forName with the name of the given
-     * class to get its Class object at runtime.  The code is written to
-     * the supplied stream.  Note that the code generated by this method
-     * may caused the checked ClassNotFoundException to be thrown.
-     */
-    private void codeClassForName(Class<?> cl, DataOutputStream out)
-        throws IOException
-    {
-        code_ldc(cp.getString(cl.getName()), out);
-
-        out.writeByte(opc_invokestatic);
-        out.writeShort(cp.getMethodRef(
-            "java/lang/Class",
-            "forName", "(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/Class;"));
-    }
-
-
-    /*
-     * ==================== General Utility Methods ====================
-     */
-
-    /**
-     * Convert a fully qualified class name that uses '.' as the package
-     * separator, the external representation used by the Java language
-     * and APIs, to a fully qualified class name that uses '/' as the
-     * package separator, the representation used in the class file
-     * format (see JVMS section 4.2).
-     */
-    private static String dotToSlash(String name) {
-        return name.replace('.', '/');
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the "method descriptor" string for a method with the given
-     * parameter types and return type.  See JVMS section 4.3.3.
-     */
-    private static String getMethodDescriptor(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
-                                              Class<?> returnType)
-    {
-        return getParameterDescriptors(parameterTypes) +
-            ((returnType == void.class) ? "V" : getFieldType(returnType));
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the list of "parameter descriptor" strings enclosed in
-     * parentheses corresponding to the given parameter types (in other
-     * words, a method descriptor without a return descriptor).  This
-     * string is useful for constructing string keys for methods without
-     * regard to their return type.
-     */
-    private static String getParameterDescriptors(Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
-        StringBuilder desc = new StringBuilder("(");
-        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
-            desc.append(getFieldType(parameterTypes[i]));
-        }
-        desc.append(')');
-        return desc.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the "field type" string for the given type, appropriate for
-     * a field descriptor, a parameter descriptor, or a return descriptor
-     * other than "void".  See JVMS section 4.3.2.
-     */
-    private static String getFieldType(Class<?> type) {
-        if (type.isPrimitive()) {
-            return PrimitiveTypeInfo.get(type).baseTypeString;
-        } else if (type.isArray()) {
-            /*
-             * According to JLS 20.3.2, the getName() method on Class does
-             * return the VM type descriptor format for array classes (only);
-             * using that should be quicker than the otherwise obvious code:
-             *
-             *     return "[" + getTypeDescriptor(type.getComponentType());
-             */
-            return type.getName().replace('.', '/');
-        } else {
-            return "L" + dotToSlash(type.getName()) + ";";
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a human-readable string representing the signature of a
-     * method with the given name and parameter types.
-     */
-    private static String getFriendlyMethodSignature(String name,
-                                                     Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
-    {
-        StringBuilder sig = new StringBuilder(name);
-        sig.append('(');
-        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
-            if (i > 0) {
-                sig.append(',');
-            }
-            Class<?> parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
-            int dimensions = 0;
-            while (parameterType.isArray()) {
-                parameterType = parameterType.getComponentType();
-                dimensions++;
-            }
-            sig.append(parameterType.getName());
-            while (dimensions-- > 0) {
-                sig.append("[]");
-            }
-        }
-        sig.append(')');
-        return sig.toString();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Return the number of abstract "words", or consecutive local variable
-     * indexes, required to contain a value of the given type.  See JVMS
-     * section 3.6.1.
-     *
-     * Note that the original version of the JVMS contained a definition of
-     * this abstract notion of a "word" in section 3.4, but that definition
-     * was removed for the second edition.
-     */
-    private static int getWordsPerType(Class<?> type) {
-        if (type == long.class || type == double.class) {
-            return 2;
-        } else {
-            return 1;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Add to the given list all of the types in the "from" array that
-     * are not already contained in the list and are assignable to at
-     * least one of the types in the "with" array.
-     *
-     * This method is useful for computing the greatest common set of
-     * declared exceptions from duplicate methods inherited from
-     * different interfaces.
-     */
-    private static void collectCompatibleTypes(Class<?>[] from,
-                                               Class<?>[] with,
-                                               List<Class<?>> list)
-    {
-        for (Class<?> fc: from) {
-            if (!list.contains(fc)) {
-                for (Class<?> wc: with) {
-                    if (wc.isAssignableFrom(fc)) {
-                        list.add(fc);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Given the exceptions declared in the throws clause of a proxy method,
-     * compute the exceptions that need to be caught from the invocation
-     * handler's invoke method and rethrown intact in the method's
-     * implementation before catching other Throwables and wrapping them
-     * in UndeclaredThrowableExceptions.
-     *
-     * The exceptions to be caught are returned in a List object.  Each
-     * exception in the returned list is guaranteed to not be a subclass of
-     * any of the other exceptions in the list, so the catch blocks for
-     * these exceptions may be generated in any order relative to each other.
-     *
-     * Error and RuntimeException are each always contained by the returned
-     * list (if none of their superclasses are contained), since those
-     * unchecked exceptions should always be rethrown intact, and thus their
-     * subclasses will never appear in the returned list.
-     *
-     * The returned List will be empty if java.lang.Throwable is in the
-     * given list of declared exceptions, indicating that no exceptions
-     * need to be caught.
-     */
-    private static List<Class<?>> computeUniqueCatchList(Class<?>[] exceptions) {
-        List<Class<?>> uniqueList = new ArrayList<>();
-                                                // unique exceptions to catch
-
-        uniqueList.add(Error.class);            // always catch/rethrow these
-        uniqueList.add(RuntimeException.class);
-
-    nextException:
-        for (Class<?> ex: exceptions) {
-            if (ex.isAssignableFrom(Throwable.class)) {
-                /*
-                 * If Throwable is declared to be thrown by the proxy method,
-                 * then no catch blocks are necessary, because the invoke
-                 * can, at most, throw Throwable anyway.
-                 */
-                uniqueList.clear();
-                break;
-            } else if (!Throwable.class.isAssignableFrom(ex)) {
-                /*
-                 * Ignore types that cannot be thrown by the invoke method.
-                 */
-                continue;
-            }
-            /*
-             * Compare this exception against the current list of
-             * exceptions that need to be caught:
-             */
-            for (int j = 0; j < uniqueList.size();) {
-                Class<?> ex2 = uniqueList.get(j);
-                if (ex2.isAssignableFrom(ex)) {
-                    /*
-                     * if a superclass of this exception is already on
-                     * the list to catch, then ignore this one and continue;
-                     */
-                    continue nextException;
-                } else if (ex.isAssignableFrom(ex2)) {
-                    /*
-                     * if a subclass of this exception is on the list
-                     * to catch, then remove it;
-                     */
-                    uniqueList.remove(j);
-                } else {
-                    j++;        // else continue comparing.
-                }
-            }
-            // This exception is unique (so far): add it to the list to catch.
-            uniqueList.add(ex);
-        }
-        return uniqueList;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * A PrimitiveTypeInfo object contains assorted information about
-     * a primitive type in its public fields.  The struct for a particular
-     * primitive type can be obtained using the static "get" method.
-     */
-    private static class PrimitiveTypeInfo {
-
-        /** "base type" used in various descriptors (see JVMS section 4.3.2) */
-        public String baseTypeString;
-
-        /** name of corresponding wrapper class */
-        public String wrapperClassName;
-
-        /** method descriptor for wrapper class "valueOf" factory method */
-        public String wrapperValueOfDesc;
-
-        /** name of wrapper class method for retrieving primitive value */
-        public String unwrapMethodName;
-
-        /** descriptor of same method */
-        public String unwrapMethodDesc;
-
-        private static Map<Class<?>,PrimitiveTypeInfo> table = new HashMap<>();
-        static {
-            add(byte.class, Byte.class);
-            add(char.class, Character.class);
-            add(double.class, Double.class);
-            add(float.class, Float.class);
-            add(int.class, Integer.class);
-            add(long.class, Long.class);
-            add(short.class, Short.class);
-            add(boolean.class, Boolean.class);
-        }
-
-        private static void add(Class<?> primitiveClass, Class<?> wrapperClass) {
-            table.put(primitiveClass,
-                      new PrimitiveTypeInfo(primitiveClass, wrapperClass));
-        }
-
-        private PrimitiveTypeInfo(Class<?> primitiveClass, Class<?> wrapperClass) {
-            assert primitiveClass.isPrimitive();
-
-            baseTypeString =
-                Array.newInstance(primitiveClass, 0)
-                .getClass().getName().substring(1);
-            wrapperClassName = dotToSlash(wrapperClass.getName());
-            wrapperValueOfDesc =
-                "(" + baseTypeString + ")L" + wrapperClassName + ";";
-            unwrapMethodName = primitiveClass.getName() + "Value";
-            unwrapMethodDesc = "()" + baseTypeString;
-        }
-
-        public static PrimitiveTypeInfo get(Class<?> cl) {
-            return table.get(cl);
-        }
-    }
-
-
-    /**
-     * A ConstantPool object represents the constant pool of a class file
-     * being generated.  This representation of a constant pool is designed
-     * specifically for use by ProxyGenerator; in particular, it assumes
-     * that constant pool entries will not need to be resorted (for example,
-     * by their type, as the Java compiler does), so that the final index
-     * value can be assigned and used when an entry is first created.
-     *
-     * Note that new entries cannot be created after the constant pool has
-     * been written to a class file.  To prevent such logic errors, a
-     * ConstantPool instance can be marked "read only", so that further
-     * attempts to add new entries will fail with a runtime exception.
-     *
-     * See JVMS section 4.4 for more information about the constant pool
-     * of a class file.
-     */
-    private static class ConstantPool {
-
-        /**
-         * list of constant pool entries, in constant pool index order.
-         *
-         * This list is used when writing the constant pool to a stream
-         * and for assigning the next index value.  Note that element 0
-         * of this list corresponds to constant pool index 1.
-         */
-        private List<Entry> pool = new ArrayList<>(32);
-
-        /**
-         * maps constant pool data of all types to constant pool indexes.
-         *
-         * This map is used to look up the index of an existing entry for
-         * values of all types.
-         */
-        private Map<Object,Short> map = new HashMap<>(16);
-
-        /** true if no new constant pool entries may be added */
-        private boolean readOnly = false;
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_Utf8 entry.
-         */
-        public short getUtf8(String s) {
-            if (s == null) {
-                throw new NullPointerException();
-            }
-            return getValue(s);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_Integer entry.
-         */
-        public short getInteger(int i) {
-            return getValue(i);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_Float entry.
-         */
-        public short getFloat(float f) {
-            return getValue(new Float(f));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_Class entry.
-         */
-        public short getClass(String name) {
-            short utf8Index = getUtf8(name);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_CLASS, utf8Index));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_String entry.
-         */
-        public short getString(String s) {
-            short utf8Index = getUtf8(s);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_STRING, utf8Index));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_FieldRef entry.
-         */
-        public short getFieldRef(String className,
-                                 String name, String descriptor)
-        {
-            short classIndex = getClass(className);
-            short nameAndTypeIndex = getNameAndType(name, descriptor);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_FIELD, classIndex, nameAndTypeIndex));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_MethodRef entry.
-         */
-        public short getMethodRef(String className,
-                                  String name, String descriptor)
-        {
-            short classIndex = getClass(className);
-            short nameAndTypeIndex = getNameAndType(name, descriptor);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_METHOD, classIndex, nameAndTypeIndex));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodRef entry.
-         */
-        public short getInterfaceMethodRef(String className, String name,
-                                           String descriptor)
-        {
-            short classIndex = getClass(className);
-            short nameAndTypeIndex = getNameAndType(name, descriptor);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_INTERFACEMETHOD, classIndex, nameAndTypeIndex));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for a CONSTANT_NameAndType entry.
-         */
-        public short getNameAndType(String name, String descriptor) {
-            short nameIndex = getUtf8(name);
-            short descriptorIndex = getUtf8(descriptor);
-            return getIndirect(new IndirectEntry(
-                CONSTANT_NAMEANDTYPE, nameIndex, descriptorIndex));
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set this ConstantPool instance to be "read only".
-         *
-         * After this method has been called, further requests to get
-         * an index for a non-existent entry will cause an InternalError
-         * to be thrown instead of creating of the entry.
-         */
-        public void setReadOnly() {
-            readOnly = true;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Write this constant pool to a stream as part of
-         * the class file format.
-         *
-         * This consists of writing the "constant_pool_count" and
-         * "constant_pool[]" items of the "ClassFile" structure, as
-         * described in JVMS section 4.1.
-         */
-        public void write(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
-            DataOutputStream dataOut = new DataOutputStream(out);
-
-            // constant_pool_count: number of entries plus one
-            dataOut.writeShort(pool.size() + 1);
-
-            for (Entry e : pool) {
-                e.write(dataOut);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Add a new constant pool entry and return its index.
-         */
-        private short addEntry(Entry entry) {
-            pool.add(entry);
-            /*
-             * Note that this way of determining the index of the
-             * added entry is wrong if this pool supports
-             * CONSTANT_Long or CONSTANT_Double entries.
-             */
-            if (pool.size() >= 65535) {
-                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "constant pool size limit exceeded");
-            }
-            return (short) pool.size();
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for an entry of a type that contains
-         * a direct value.  The type of the given object determines the
-         * type of the desired entry as follows:
-         *
-         *      java.lang.String        CONSTANT_Utf8
-         *      java.lang.Integer       CONSTANT_Integer
-         *      java.lang.Float         CONSTANT_Float
-         *      java.lang.Long          CONSTANT_Long
-         *      java.lang.Double        CONSTANT_DOUBLE
-         */
-        private short getValue(Object key) {
-            Short index = map.get(key);
-            if (index != null) {
-                return index.shortValue();
-            } else {
-                if (readOnly) {
-                    throw new InternalError(
-                        "late constant pool addition: " + key);
-                }
-                short i = addEntry(new ValueEntry(key));
-                map.put(key, i);
-                return i;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Get or assign the index for an entry of a type that contains
-         * references to other constant pool entries.
-         */
-        private short getIndirect(IndirectEntry e) {
-            Short index = map.get(e);
-            if (index != null) {
-                return index.shortValue();
-            } else {
-                if (readOnly) {
-                    throw new InternalError("late constant pool addition");
-                }
-                short i = addEntry(e);
-                map.put(e, i);
-                return i;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Entry is the abstact superclass of all constant pool entry types
-         * that can be stored in the "pool" list; its purpose is to define a
-         * common method for writing constant pool entries to a class file.
-         */
-        private abstract static class Entry {
-            public abstract void write(DataOutputStream out)
-                throws IOException;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * ValueEntry represents a constant pool entry of a type that
-         * contains a direct value (see the comments for the "getValue"
-         * method for a list of such types).
-         *
-         * ValueEntry objects are not used as keys for their entries in the
-         * Map "map", so no useful hashCode or equals methods are defined.
-         */
-        private static class ValueEntry extends Entry {
-            private Object value;
-
-            public ValueEntry(Object value) {
-                this.value = value;
-            }
-
-            public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
-                if (value instanceof String) {
-                    out.writeByte(CONSTANT_UTF8);
-                    out.writeUTF((String) value);
-                } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
-                    out.writeByte(CONSTANT_INTEGER);
-                    out.writeInt(((Integer) value).intValue());
-                } else if (value instanceof Float) {
-                    out.writeByte(CONSTANT_FLOAT);
-                    out.writeFloat(((Float) value).floatValue());
-                } else if (value instanceof Long) {
-                    out.writeByte(CONSTANT_LONG);
-                    out.writeLong(((Long) value).longValue());
-                } else if (value instanceof Double) {
-                    out.writeDouble(CONSTANT_DOUBLE);
-                    out.writeDouble(((Double) value).doubleValue());
-                } else {
-                    throw new InternalError("bogus value entry: " + value);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * IndirectEntry represents a constant pool entry of a type that
-         * references other constant pool entries, i.e., the following types:
-         *
-         *      CONSTANT_Class, CONSTANT_String, CONSTANT_Fieldref,
-         *      CONSTANT_Methodref, CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref, and
-         *      CONSTANT_NameAndType.
-         *
-         * Each of these entry types contains either one or two indexes of
-         * other constant pool entries.
-         *
-         * IndirectEntry objects are used as the keys for their entries in
-         * the Map "map", so the hashCode and equals methods are overridden
-         * to allow matching.
-         */
-        private static class IndirectEntry extends Entry {
-            private int tag;
-            private short index0;
-            private short index1;
-
-            /**
-             * Construct an IndirectEntry for a constant pool entry type
-             * that contains one index of another entry.
-             */
-            public IndirectEntry(int tag, short index) {
-                this.tag = tag;
-                this.index0 = index;
-                this.index1 = 0;
-            }
-
-            /**
-             * Construct an IndirectEntry for a constant pool entry type
-             * that contains two indexes for other entries.
-             */
-            public IndirectEntry(int tag, short index0, short index1) {
-                this.tag = tag;
-                this.index0 = index0;
-                this.index1 = index1;
-            }
-
-            public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
-                out.writeByte(tag);
-                out.writeShort(index0);
-                /*
-                 * If this entry type contains two indexes, write
-                 * out the second, too.
-                 */
-                if (tag == CONSTANT_FIELD ||
-                    tag == CONSTANT_METHOD ||
-                    tag == CONSTANT_INTERFACEMETHOD ||
-                    tag == CONSTANT_NAMEANDTYPE)
-                {
-                    out.writeShort(index1);
-                }
-            }
-
-            public int hashCode() {
-                return tag + index0 + index1;
-            }
-
-            public boolean equals(Object obj) {
-                if (obj instanceof IndirectEntry) {
-                    IndirectEntry other = (IndirectEntry) obj;
-                    if (tag == other.tag &&
-                        index0 == other.index0 && index1 == other.index1)
-                    {
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                }
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}