46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870) |
46 # His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870) |
47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines |
47 # was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines |
48 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC, |
48 # in New York City (1869-10). His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC, |
49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich. |
49 # but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich. |
50 |
50 |
51 # From Paul Eggert (2016-09-21): |
51 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): |
52 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw |
52 # Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw |
53 # lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones |
53 # lines between time zones. The key individual who made time zones |
54 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer, |
54 # work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer, |
55 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the |
55 # managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the |
56 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen |
56 # General Time Convention, a railway standardization group. Allen |
57 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders, |
57 # spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders, |
58 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it |
58 # developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it |
59 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan |
59 # to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan |
60 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for |
60 # meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for |
61 # railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all |
61 # railway scheduling. By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all |
62 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18 at 12:00. |
62 # railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18. That Sunday |
63 # That Sunday was called the "day of two noons", as the eastern parts |
63 # was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon |
64 # of the new zones observed noon twice. Allen witnessed the |
64 # twice. Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing: |
65 # transition in New York City, writing: |
|
66 # |
65 # |
67 # I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four |
66 # I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time. Four |
68 # minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval |
67 # minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval |
69 # Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes |
68 # Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes |
70 # of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was |
69 # of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was |
445 |
444 |
446 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24): |
445 # From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24): |
447 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although |
446 # ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although |
448 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next |
447 # it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next |
449 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall |
448 # largest city in Mercer County). Google Maps places Beulah's city hall |
450 # at 47 degrees 15' 51" N, 101 degrees 46' 40" W, which yields an offset |
449 # at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07". |
451 # of 6h47'07". |
|
452 |
450 |
453 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53 |
451 Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:12:53 |
454 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00 |
452 -7:00 US M%sT 2010 Nov 7 2:00 |
455 -6:00 US C%sT |
453 -6:00 US C%sT |
456 |
454 |
479 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles |
477 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles |
480 # |
478 # |
481 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, |
479 # California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater, |
482 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county |
480 # Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county |
483 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren), |
481 # north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren), |
484 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern 3/4 of |
482 # Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of |
485 # Malheur county), and Washington |
483 # Malheur county), and Washington |
486 |
484 |
487 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20): |
485 # From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20): |
488 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage, |
486 # In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage, |
489 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours, |
487 # PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours, |
977 -5:00 - EST 1969 |
975 -5:00 - EST 1969 |
978 -5:00 US E%sT 1973 |
976 -5:00 US E%sT 1973 |
979 -5:00 - EST 2006 |
977 -5:00 - EST 2006 |
980 -5:00 US E%sT |
978 -5:00 US E%sT |
981 |
979 |
|
980 # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20): |
|
981 # The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at |
|
982 # 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill |
|
983 # for precisely 18 minutes. See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50). It is not |
|
984 # clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue |
|
985 # to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York. |
|
986 # |
982 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974. |
987 # Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974. |
983 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana. |
988 # This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana. |
984 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER |
989 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER |
985 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D |
990 Rule Louisville 1921 only - May 1 2:00 1:00 D |
986 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S |
991 Rule Louisville 1921 only - Sep 1 2:00 0 S |
3285 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See: |
3290 # Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. See: |
3286 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20 |
3291 # Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20 |
3287 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647 |
3292 # http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647 |
3288 # |
3293 # |
3289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
3294 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
3290 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:11 - LMT 1890 # Kingston |
3295 Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:10 - LMT 1890 # Kingston |
3291 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time |
3296 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time |
3292 -5:00 - EST 1974 |
3297 -5:00 - EST 1974 |
3293 -5:00 US E%sT 1984 |
3298 -5:00 US E%sT 1984 |
3294 -5:00 - EST |
3299 -5:00 - EST |
3295 |
3300 |
3296 # Martinique |
3301 # Martinique |
3436 # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25. |
3441 # by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25. |
3437 # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/ |
3442 # http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/ |
3438 # |
3443 # |
3439 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
3444 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
3440 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 |
3445 Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 |
3441 -5:07:11 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time |
3446 -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time |
3442 -5:00 - EST 1979 |
3447 -5:00 - EST 1979 |
3443 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00 |
3448 -5:00 US E%sT 2015 Nov Sun>=1 2:00 |
3444 -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00 |
3449 -4:00 - AST 2018 Mar 11 3:00 |
3445 -5:00 US E%sT |
3450 -5:00 US E%sT |
3446 |
3451 |