jaxp/src/share/classes/org/w3c/dom/ls/LSSerializer.java
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     1 /*
       
     2  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
       
     3  *
       
     4  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       
     5  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
       
     6  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
       
     7  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
       
     8  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
       
     9  *
       
    10  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
       
    11  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
       
    12  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
       
    13  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
       
    14  * accompanied this code).
       
    15  *
       
    16  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
       
    17  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
       
    18  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
       
    19  *
       
    20  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
       
    21  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
       
    22  * questions.
       
    23  */
       
    24 
       
    25 /*
       
    26  * This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
       
    27  * License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
       
    28  * However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
       
    29  * file and, per its terms, should not be removed:
       
    30  *
       
    31  * Copyright (c) 2004 World Wide Web Consortium,
       
    32  *
       
    33  * (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for
       
    34  * Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. This
       
    35  * work is distributed under the W3C(r) Software License [1] in the hope that
       
    36  * it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
       
    37  * warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
       
    38  *
       
    39  * [1] http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright-software-20021231
       
    40  */
       
    41 
       
    42 package org.w3c.dom.ls;
       
    43 
       
    44 import org.w3c.dom.DOMConfiguration;
       
    45 import org.w3c.dom.Node;
       
    46 import org.w3c.dom.DOMException;
       
    47 
       
    48 /**
       
    49  *  A <code>LSSerializer</code> provides an API for serializing (writing) a
       
    50  * DOM document out into XML. The XML data is written to a string or an
       
    51  * output stream. Any changes or fixups made during the serialization affect
       
    52  * only the serialized data. The <code>Document</code> object and its
       
    53  * children are never altered by the serialization operation.
       
    54  * <p> During serialization of XML data, namespace fixup is done as defined in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
       
    55  * , Appendix B. [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-DOM-Level-2-Core-20001113'>DOM Level 2 Core</a>]
       
    56  *  allows empty strings as a real namespace URI. If the
       
    57  * <code>namespaceURI</code> of a <code>Node</code> is empty string, the
       
    58  * serialization will treat them as <code>null</code>, ignoring the prefix
       
    59  * if any.
       
    60  * <p> <code>LSSerializer</code> accepts any node type for serialization. For
       
    61  * nodes of type <code>Document</code> or <code>Entity</code>, well-formed
       
    62  * XML will be created when possible (well-formedness is guaranteed if the
       
    63  * document or entity comes from a parse operation and is unchanged since it
       
    64  * was created). The serialized output for these node types is either as a
       
    65  * XML document or an External XML Entity, respectively, and is acceptable
       
    66  * input for an XML parser. For all other types of nodes the serialized form
       
    67  * is implementation dependent.
       
    68  * <p>Within a <code>Document</code>, <code>DocumentFragment</code>, or
       
    69  * <code>Entity</code> being serialized, <code>Nodes</code> are processed as
       
    70  * follows
       
    71  * <ul>
       
    72  * <li> <code>Document</code> nodes are written, including the XML
       
    73  * declaration (unless the parameter "xml-declaration" is set to
       
    74  * <code>false</code>) and a DTD subset, if one exists in the DOM. Writing a
       
    75  * <code>Document</code> node serializes the entire document.
       
    76  * </li>
       
    77  * <li>
       
    78  * <code>Entity</code> nodes, when written directly by
       
    79  * <code>LSSerializer.write</code>, outputs the entity expansion but no
       
    80  * namespace fixup is done. The resulting output will be valid as an
       
    81  * external entity.
       
    82  * </li>
       
    83  * <li> If the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-entities'>
       
    84  * entities</a>" is set to <code>true</code>, <code>EntityReference</code> nodes are
       
    85  * serialized as an entity reference of the form "
       
    86  * <code>&amp;entityName;</code>" in the output. Child nodes (the expansion)
       
    87  * of the entity reference are ignored. If the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-entities'>
       
    88  * entities</a>" is set to <code>false</code>, only the children of the entity reference
       
    89  * are serialized. <code>EntityReference</code> nodes with no children (no
       
    90  * corresponding <code>Entity</code> node or the corresponding
       
    91  * <code>Entity</code> nodes have no children) are always serialized.
       
    92  * </li>
       
    93  * <li>
       
    94  * <code>CDATAsections</code> containing content characters that cannot be
       
    95  * represented in the specified output encoding are handled according to the
       
    96  * "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-split-cdata-sections'>
       
    97  * split-cdata-sections</a>" parameter.  If the parameter is set to <code>true</code>,
       
    98  * <code>CDATAsections</code> are split, and the unrepresentable characters
       
    99  * are serialized as numeric character references in ordinary content. The
       
   100  * exact position and number of splits is not specified.  If the parameter
       
   101  * is set to <code>false</code>, unrepresentable characters in a
       
   102  * <code>CDATAsection</code> are reported as
       
   103  * <code>"wf-invalid-character"</code> errors if the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-well-formed'>
       
   104  * well-formed</a>" is set to <code>true</code>. The error is not recoverable - there is no
       
   105  * mechanism for supplying alternative characters and continuing with the
       
   106  * serialization.
       
   107  * </li>
       
   108  * <li> <code>DocumentFragment</code> nodes are serialized by
       
   109  * serializing the children of the document fragment in the order they
       
   110  * appear in the document fragment.
       
   111  * </li>
       
   112  * <li> All other node types (Element, Text,
       
   113  * etc.) are serialized to their corresponding XML source form.
       
   114  * </li>
       
   115  * </ul>
       
   116  * <p ><b>Note:</b>  The serialization of a <code>Node</code> does not always
       
   117  * generate a well-formed XML document, i.e. a <code>LSParser</code> might
       
   118  * throw fatal errors when parsing the resulting serialization.
       
   119  * <p> Within the character data of a document (outside of markup), any
       
   120  * characters that cannot be represented directly are replaced with
       
   121  * character references. Occurrences of '&lt;' and '&amp;' are replaced by
       
   122  * the predefined entities &amp;lt; and &amp;amp;. The other predefined
       
   123  * entities (&amp;gt;, &amp;apos;, and &amp;quot;) might not be used, except
       
   124  * where needed (e.g. using &amp;gt; in cases such as ']]&gt;'). Any
       
   125  * characters that cannot be represented directly in the output character
       
   126  * encoding are serialized as numeric character references (and since
       
   127  * character encoding standards commonly use hexadecimal representations of
       
   128  * characters, using the hexadecimal representation when serializing
       
   129  * character references is encouraged).
       
   130  * <p> To allow attribute values to contain both single and double quotes, the
       
   131  * apostrophe or single-quote character (') may be represented as
       
   132  * "&amp;apos;", and the double-quote character (")  as "&amp;quot;". New
       
   133  * line characters and other characters that cannot be represented directly
       
   134  * in attribute values in the output character encoding are serialized as a
       
   135  * numeric character reference.
       
   136  * <p> Within markup, but outside of attributes, any occurrence of a character
       
   137  * that cannot be represented in the output character encoding is reported
       
   138  * as a <code>DOMError</code> fatal error. An example would be serializing
       
   139  * the element &lt;LaCa\u00f1ada/&gt; with <code>encoding="us-ascii"</code>.
       
   140  * This will result with a generation of a <code>DOMError</code>
       
   141  * "wf-invalid-character-in-node-name" (as proposed in "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-well-formed'>
       
   142  * well-formed</a>").
       
   143  * <p> When requested by setting the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-normalize-characters'>
       
   144  * normalize-characters</a>" on <code>LSSerializer</code> to true, character normalization is
       
   145  * performed according to the definition of <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/#dt-fullnorm'>fully
       
   146  * normalized</a> characters included in appendix E of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>] on all
       
   147  * data to be serialized, both markup and character data. The character
       
   148  * normalization process affects only the data as it is being written; it
       
   149  * does not alter the DOM's view of the document after serialization has
       
   150  * completed.
       
   151  * <p> Implementations are required to support the encodings "UTF-8",
       
   152  * "UTF-16", "UTF-16BE", and "UTF-16LE" to guarantee that data is
       
   153  * serializable in all encodings that are required to be supported by all
       
   154  * XML parsers. When the encoding is UTF-8, whether or not a byte order mark
       
   155  * is serialized, or if the output is big-endian or little-endian, is
       
   156  * implementation dependent. When the encoding is UTF-16, whether or not the
       
   157  * output is big-endian or little-endian is implementation dependent, but a
       
   158  * Byte Order Mark must be generated for non-character outputs, such as
       
   159  * <code>LSOutput.byteStream</code> or <code>LSOutput.systemId</code>. If
       
   160  * the Byte Order Mark is not generated, a "byte-order-mark-needed" warning
       
   161  * is reported. When the encoding is UTF-16LE or UTF-16BE, the output is
       
   162  * big-endian (UTF-16BE) or little-endian (UTF-16LE) and the Byte Order Mark
       
   163  * is not be generated. In all cases, the encoding declaration, if
       
   164  * generated, will correspond to the encoding used during the serialization
       
   165  * (e.g. <code>encoding="UTF-16"</code> will appear if UTF-16 was
       
   166  * requested).
       
   167  * <p> Namespaces are fixed up during serialization, the serialization process
       
   168  * will verify that namespace declarations, namespace prefixes and the
       
   169  * namespace URI associated with elements and attributes are consistent. If
       
   170  * inconsistencies are found, the serialized form of the document will be
       
   171  * altered to remove them. The method used for doing the namespace fixup
       
   172  * while serializing a document is the algorithm defined in Appendix B.1,
       
   173  * "Namespace normalization", of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
       
   174  * .
       
   175  * <p> While serializing a document, the parameter "discard-default-content"
       
   176  * controls whether or not non-specified data is serialized.
       
   177  * <p> While serializing, errors and warnings are reported to the application
       
   178  * through the error handler (<code>LSSerializer.domConfig</code>'s "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
       
   179  * error-handler</a>" parameter). This specification does in no way try to define all possible
       
   180  * errors and warnings that can occur while serializing a DOM node, but some
       
   181  * common error and warning cases are defined. The types (
       
   182  * <code>DOMError.type</code>) of errors and warnings defined by this
       
   183  * specification are:
       
   184  * <dl>
       
   185  * <dt><code>"no-output-specified" [fatal]</code></dt>
       
   186  * <dd> Raised when
       
   187  * writing to a <code>LSOutput</code> if no output is specified in the
       
   188  * <code>LSOutput</code>. </dd>
       
   189  * <dt>
       
   190  * <code>"unbound-prefix-in-entity-reference" [fatal]</code> </dt>
       
   191  * <dd> Raised if the
       
   192  * configuration parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-namespaces'>
       
   193  * namespaces</a>" is set to <code>true</code> and an entity whose replacement text
       
   194  * contains unbound namespace prefixes is referenced in a location where
       
   195  * there are no bindings for the namespace prefixes. </dd>
       
   196  * <dt>
       
   197  * <code>"unsupported-encoding" [fatal]</code></dt>
       
   198  * <dd> Raised if an unsupported
       
   199  * encoding is encountered. </dd>
       
   200  * </dl>
       
   201  * <p> In addition to raising the defined errors and warnings, implementations
       
   202  * are expected to raise implementation specific errors and warnings for any
       
   203  * other error and warning cases such as IO errors (file not found,
       
   204  * permission denied,...) and so on.
       
   205  * <p>See also the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-LS-20040407'>Document Object Model (DOM) Level 3 Load
       
   206 and Save Specification</a>.
       
   207  */
       
   208 public interface LSSerializer {
       
   209     /**
       
   210      *  The <code>DOMConfiguration</code> object used by the
       
   211      * <code>LSSerializer</code> when serializing a DOM node.
       
   212      * <br> In addition to the parameters recognized by the <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#DOMConfiguration'>
       
   213      * DOMConfiguration</a> interface defined in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
       
   214      * , the <code>DOMConfiguration</code> objects for
       
   215      * <code>LSSerializer</code> adds, or modifies, the following
       
   216      * parameters:
       
   217      * <dl>
       
   218      * <dt><code>"canonical-form"</code></dt>
       
   219      * <dd>
       
   220      * <dl>
       
   221      * <dt><code>true</code></dt>
       
   222      * <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Writes the document according to the rules specified in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315'>Canonical XML</a>].
       
   223      * In addition to the behavior described in "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-canonical-form'>
       
   224      * canonical-form</a>" [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
       
   225      * , setting this parameter to <code>true</code> will set the parameters
       
   226      * "format-pretty-print", "discard-default-content", and "xml-declaration
       
   227      * ", to <code>false</code>. Setting one of those parameters to
       
   228      * <code>true</code> will set this parameter to <code>false</code>.
       
   229      * Serializing an XML 1.1 document when "canonical-form" is
       
   230      * <code>true</code> will generate a fatal error. </dd>
       
   231      * <dt><code>false</code></dt>
       
   232      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Do not canonicalize the output. </dd>
       
   233      * </dl></dd>
       
   234      * <dt><code>"discard-default-content"</code></dt>
       
   235      * <dd>
       
   236      * <dl>
       
   237      * <dt>
       
   238      * <code>true</code></dt>
       
   239      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Use the <code>Attr.specified</code> attribute to decide what attributes
       
   240      * should be discarded. Note that some implementations might use
       
   241      * whatever information available to the implementation (i.e. XML
       
   242      * schema, DTD, the <code>Attr.specified</code> attribute, and so on) to
       
   243      * determine what attributes and content to discard if this parameter is
       
   244      * set to <code>true</code>. </dd>
       
   245      * <dt><code>false</code></dt>
       
   246      * <dd>[<em>required</em>]Keep all attributes and all content.</dd>
       
   247      * </dl></dd>
       
   248      * <dt><code>"format-pretty-print"</code></dt>
       
   249      * <dd>
       
   250      * <dl>
       
   251      * <dt>
       
   252      * <code>true</code></dt>
       
   253      * <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Formatting the output by adding whitespace to produce a pretty-printed,
       
   254      * indented, human-readable form. The exact form of the transformations
       
   255      * is not specified by this specification. Pretty-printing changes the
       
   256      * content of the document and may affect the validity of the document,
       
   257      * validating implementations should preserve validity. </dd>
       
   258      * <dt>
       
   259      * <code>false</code></dt>
       
   260      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) Don't pretty-print the result. </dd>
       
   261      * </dl></dd>
       
   262      * <dt>
       
   263      * <code>"ignore-unknown-character-denormalizations"</code> </dt>
       
   264      * <dd>
       
   265      * <dl>
       
   266      * <dt>
       
   267      * <code>true</code></dt>
       
   268      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) If, while verifying full normalization when [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>] is
       
   269      * supported, a character is encountered for which the normalization
       
   270      * properties cannot be determined, then raise a
       
   271      * <code>"unknown-character-denormalization"</code> warning (instead of
       
   272      * raising an error, if this parameter is not set) and ignore any
       
   273      * possible denormalizations caused by these characters. </dd>
       
   274      * <dt>
       
   275      * <code>false</code></dt>
       
   276      * <dd>[<em>optional</em>] Report a fatal error if a character is encountered for which the
       
   277      * processor cannot determine the normalization properties. </dd>
       
   278      * </dl></dd>
       
   279      * <dt>
       
   280      * <code>"normalize-characters"</code></dt>
       
   281      * <dd> This parameter is equivalent to
       
   282      * the one defined by <code>DOMConfiguration</code> in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-DOM-Level-3-Core-20040407'>DOM Level 3 Core</a>]
       
   283      * . Unlike in the Core, the default value for this parameter is
       
   284      * <code>true</code>. While DOM implementations are not required to
       
   285      * support <a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/#dt-fullnorm'>fully
       
   286      * normalizing</a> the characters in the document according to appendix E of [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], this
       
   287      * parameter must be activated by default if supported. </dd>
       
   288      * <dt>
       
   289      * <code>"xml-declaration"</code></dt>
       
   290      * <dd>
       
   291      * <dl>
       
   292      * <dt><code>true</code></dt>
       
   293      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] (<em>default</em>) If a <code>Document</code>, <code>Element</code>, or <code>Entity</code>
       
   294      *  node is serialized, the XML declaration, or text declaration, should
       
   295      * be included. The version (<code>Document.xmlVersion</code> if the
       
   296      * document is a Level 3 document and the version is non-null, otherwise
       
   297      * use the value "1.0"), and the output encoding (see
       
   298      * <code>LSSerializer.write</code> for details on how to find the output
       
   299      * encoding) are specified in the serialized XML declaration. </dd>
       
   300      * <dt>
       
   301      * <code>false</code></dt>
       
   302      * <dd>[<em>required</em>] Do not serialize the XML and text declarations. Report a
       
   303      * <code>"xml-declaration-needed"</code> warning if this will cause
       
   304      * problems (i.e. the serialized data is of an XML version other than [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], or an
       
   305      * encoding would be needed to be able to re-parse the serialized data). </dd>
       
   306      * </dl></dd>
       
   307      * </dl>
       
   308      */
       
   309     public DOMConfiguration getDomConfig();
       
   310 
       
   311     /**
       
   312      *  The end-of-line sequence of characters to be used in the XML being
       
   313      * written out. Any string is supported, but XML treats only a certain
       
   314      * set of characters sequence as end-of-line (See section 2.11,
       
   315      * "End-of-Line Handling" in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], if the
       
   316      * serialized content is XML 1.0 or section 2.11, "End-of-Line Handling"
       
   317      * in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], if the
       
   318      * serialized content is XML 1.1). Using other character sequences than
       
   319      * the recommended ones can result in a document that is either not
       
   320      * serializable or not well-formed).
       
   321      * <br> On retrieval, the default value of this attribute is the
       
   322      * implementation specific default end-of-line sequence. DOM
       
   323      * implementations should choose the default to match the usual
       
   324      * convention for text files in the environment being used.
       
   325      * Implementations must choose a default sequence that matches one of
       
   326      * those allowed by XML 1.0 or XML 1.1, depending on the serialized
       
   327      * content. Setting this attribute to <code>null</code> will reset its
       
   328      * value to the default value.
       
   329      * <br>
       
   330      */
       
   331     public String getNewLine();
       
   332     /**
       
   333      *  The end-of-line sequence of characters to be used in the XML being
       
   334      * written out. Any string is supported, but XML treats only a certain
       
   335      * set of characters sequence as end-of-line (See section 2.11,
       
   336      * "End-of-Line Handling" in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040204'>XML 1.0</a>], if the
       
   337      * serialized content is XML 1.0 or section 2.11, "End-of-Line Handling"
       
   338      * in [<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml11-20040204/'>XML 1.1</a>], if the
       
   339      * serialized content is XML 1.1). Using other character sequences than
       
   340      * the recommended ones can result in a document that is either not
       
   341      * serializable or not well-formed).
       
   342      * <br> On retrieval, the default value of this attribute is the
       
   343      * implementation specific default end-of-line sequence. DOM
       
   344      * implementations should choose the default to match the usual
       
   345      * convention for text files in the environment being used.
       
   346      * Implementations must choose a default sequence that matches one of
       
   347      * those allowed by XML 1.0 or XML 1.1, depending on the serialized
       
   348      * content. Setting this attribute to <code>null</code> will reset its
       
   349      * value to the default value.
       
   350      * <br>
       
   351      */
       
   352     public void setNewLine(String newLine);
       
   353 
       
   354     /**
       
   355      *  When the application provides a filter, the serializer will call out
       
   356      * to the filter before serializing each Node. The filter implementation
       
   357      * can choose to remove the node from the stream or to terminate the
       
   358      * serialization early.
       
   359      * <br> The filter is invoked after the operations requested by the
       
   360      * <code>DOMConfiguration</code> parameters have been applied. For
       
   361      * example, CDATA sections won't be passed to the filter if "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-cdata-sections'>
       
   362      * cdata-sections</a>" is set to <code>false</code>.
       
   363      */
       
   364     public LSSerializerFilter getFilter();
       
   365     /**
       
   366      *  When the application provides a filter, the serializer will call out
       
   367      * to the filter before serializing each Node. The filter implementation
       
   368      * can choose to remove the node from the stream or to terminate the
       
   369      * serialization early.
       
   370      * <br> The filter is invoked after the operations requested by the
       
   371      * <code>DOMConfiguration</code> parameters have been applied. For
       
   372      * example, CDATA sections won't be passed to the filter if "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-cdata-sections'>
       
   373      * cdata-sections</a>" is set to <code>false</code>.
       
   374      */
       
   375     public void setFilter(LSSerializerFilter filter);
       
   376 
       
   377     /**
       
   378      *  Serialize the specified node as described above in the general
       
   379      * description of the <code>LSSerializer</code> interface. The output is
       
   380      * written to the supplied <code>LSOutput</code>.
       
   381      * <br> When writing to a <code>LSOutput</code>, the encoding is found by
       
   382      * looking at the encoding information that is reachable through the
       
   383      * <code>LSOutput</code> and the item to be written (or its owner
       
   384      * document) in this order:
       
   385      * <ol>
       
   386      * <li> <code>LSOutput.encoding</code>,
       
   387      * </li>
       
   388      * <li>
       
   389      * <code>Document.inputEncoding</code>,
       
   390      * </li>
       
   391      * <li>
       
   392      * <code>Document.xmlEncoding</code>.
       
   393      * </li>
       
   394      * </ol>
       
   395      * <br> If no encoding is reachable through the above properties, a
       
   396      * default encoding of "UTF-8" will be used. If the specified encoding
       
   397      * is not supported an "unsupported-encoding" fatal error is raised.
       
   398      * <br> If no output is specified in the <code>LSOutput</code>, a
       
   399      * "no-output-specified" fatal error is raised.
       
   400      * <br> The implementation is responsible of associating the appropriate
       
   401      * media type with the serialized data.
       
   402      * <br> When writing to a HTTP URI, a HTTP PUT is performed. When writing
       
   403      * to other types of URIs, the mechanism for writing the data to the URI
       
   404      * is implementation dependent.
       
   405      * @param nodeArg  The node to serialize.
       
   406      * @param destination The destination for the serialized DOM.
       
   407      * @return  Returns <code>true</code> if <code>node</code> was
       
   408      *   successfully serialized. Return <code>false</code> in case the
       
   409      *   normal processing stopped but the implementation kept serializing
       
   410      *   the document; the result of the serialization being implementation
       
   411      *   dependent then.
       
   412      * @exception LSException
       
   413      *    SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
       
   414      *   serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
       
   415      *   <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
       
   416      *   error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
       
   417      */
       
   418     public boolean write(Node nodeArg,
       
   419                          LSOutput destination)
       
   420                          throws LSException;
       
   421 
       
   422     /**
       
   423      *  A convenience method that acts as if <code>LSSerializer.write</code>
       
   424      * was called with a <code>LSOutput</code> with no encoding specified
       
   425      * and <code>LSOutput.systemId</code> set to the <code>uri</code>
       
   426      * argument.
       
   427      * @param nodeArg  The node to serialize.
       
   428      * @param uri The URI to write to.
       
   429      * @return  Returns <code>true</code> if <code>node</code> was
       
   430      *   successfully serialized. Return <code>false</code> in case the
       
   431      *   normal processing stopped but the implementation kept serializing
       
   432      *   the document; the result of the serialization being implementation
       
   433      *   dependent then.
       
   434      * @exception LSException
       
   435      *    SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
       
   436      *   serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
       
   437      *   <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
       
   438      *   error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
       
   439      */
       
   440     public boolean writeToURI(Node nodeArg,
       
   441                               String uri)
       
   442                               throws LSException;
       
   443 
       
   444     /**
       
   445      *  Serialize the specified node as described above in the general
       
   446      * description of the <code>LSSerializer</code> interface. The output is
       
   447      * written to a <code>DOMString</code> that is returned to the caller.
       
   448      * The encoding used is the encoding of the <code>DOMString</code> type,
       
   449      * i.e. UTF-16. Note that no Byte Order Mark is generated in a
       
   450      * <code>DOMString</code> object.
       
   451      * @param nodeArg  The node to serialize.
       
   452      * @return  Returns the serialized data.
       
   453      * @exception DOMException
       
   454      *    DOMSTRING_SIZE_ERR: Raised if the resulting string is too long to
       
   455      *   fit in a <code>DOMString</code>.
       
   456      * @exception LSException
       
   457      *    SERIALIZE_ERR: Raised if the <code>LSSerializer</code> was unable to
       
   458      *   serialize the node. DOM applications should attach a
       
   459      *   <code>DOMErrorHandler</code> using the parameter "<a href='http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3-Core/core.html#parameter-error-handler'>
       
   460      *   error-handler</a>" if they wish to get details on the error.
       
   461      */
       
   462     public String writeToString(Node nodeArg)
       
   463                                 throws DOMException, LSException;
       
   464 
       
   465 }