1 # |
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2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
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3 # |
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4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
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6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. |
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7 # |
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8 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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9 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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10 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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11 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
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12 # accompanied this code). |
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13 # |
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14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
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15 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
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16 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
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17 # |
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18 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA |
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19 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any |
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20 # questions. |
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21 # |
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22 # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific |
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23 |
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24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of |
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25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. |
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26 |
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27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. |
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28 |
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29 # Notes are at the end of this file |
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30 |
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31 ############################################################################### |
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32 |
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33 # Australia |
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34 |
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35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
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36 |
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37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D |
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39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S |
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40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D |
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41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S |
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42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D |
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43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S |
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44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D |
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45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
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46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
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47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
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48 |
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49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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50 # Northern Territory |
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51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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53 9:30 Aus AC%sT |
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54 # Western Australia |
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55 # |
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56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D |
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62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D |
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64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul |
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68 8:00 AW AW%sT |
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69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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70 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul |
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71 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 |
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72 |
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73 # Queensland |
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74 # |
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75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
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76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
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77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
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78 # Queensland ceased to. |
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79 # |
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80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
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81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
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82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
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83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
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84 # so use Lindeman. |
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85 # |
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86 # From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): |
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87 # There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday |
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88 # islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the |
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89 # north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and |
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90 # Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone |
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91 # applies to all of the Whitsundays. |
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92 # http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands |
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93 # |
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94 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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95 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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96 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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97 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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98 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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99 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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100 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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101 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
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102 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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103 10:00 AQ AE%sT |
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104 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
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105 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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106 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul |
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107 10:00 Holiday AE%sT |
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108 |
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109 # South Australia |
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110 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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111 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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112 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
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113 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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114 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
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115 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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116 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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117 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S |
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118 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S |
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119 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S |
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120 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S |
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121 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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122 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S |
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123 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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124 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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125 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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126 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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127 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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128 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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129 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
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130 9:30 AS AC%sT |
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131 |
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132 # Tasmania |
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133 # |
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134 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
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135 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
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136 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
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137 # |
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138 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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139 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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140 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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141 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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142 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S |
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143 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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144 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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145 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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146 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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147 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
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148 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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149 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D |
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150 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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151 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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152 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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153 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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154 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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155 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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156 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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157 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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159 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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160 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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161 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
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163 10:00 AT AE%sT |
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164 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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165 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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166 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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167 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul |
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168 10:00 AT AE%sT |
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169 |
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170 # Victoria |
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171 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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172 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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173 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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174 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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175 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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176 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D |
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177 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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178 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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179 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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180 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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181 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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182 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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183 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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184 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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185 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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186 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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187 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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189 10:00 AV AE%sT |
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190 |
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191 # New South Wales |
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192 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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193 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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194 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S |
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195 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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196 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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197 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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198 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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199 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D |
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200 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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201 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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202 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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203 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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204 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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205 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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206 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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207 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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208 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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209 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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210 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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211 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 |
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212 10:00 AN AE%sT |
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213 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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214 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 |
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215 9:00 - ACST 1899 May |
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216 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 |
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217 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 |
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218 9:30 AS AC%sT |
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219 |
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220 # Lord Howe Island |
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221 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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222 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - |
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223 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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224 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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225 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
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226 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - |
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227 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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228 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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229 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
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230 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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231 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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232 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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233 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
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234 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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235 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - |
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236 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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237 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar |
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238 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul |
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239 10:30 LH +1030/+11 |
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240 |
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241 # Australian miscellany |
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242 # |
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243 # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
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244 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
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245 # no times are set |
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246 # |
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247 # Coral Sea Is |
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248 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
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249 # no times are set |
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250 # |
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251 # Macquarie |
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252 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; |
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253 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the |
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254 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island |
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255 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 |
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256 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 |
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257 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. |
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258 # |
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259 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): |
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260 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: |
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261 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not |
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262 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do |
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263 # on 4 April. |
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264 # |
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265 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): |
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266 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics |
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267 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; |
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268 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by |
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269 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. |
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270 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov |
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271 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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272 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb |
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273 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s |
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274 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 |
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275 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 |
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276 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 |
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277 11:00 - +11 |
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278 |
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279 # Christmas |
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280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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281 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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282 7:00 - +07 |
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283 |
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284 # Cocos (Keeling) Is |
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285 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
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286 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
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287 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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288 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
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289 6:30 - +0630 |
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290 |
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291 |
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292 # Fiji |
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293 |
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294 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. |
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295 |
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296 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): |
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297 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST |
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298 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. |
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299 # |
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300 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" |
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301 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 |
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302 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html |
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303 |
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304 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): |
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305 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved |
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306 # amendments: |
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307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml |
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308 |
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309 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): |
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310 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on |
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311 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. |
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312 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March |
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313 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). |
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314 # |
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315 # Official source: |
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316 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 |
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317 # |
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318 # A bit more background info here: |
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319 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html |
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320 |
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321 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): |
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322 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 |
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323 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... |
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324 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, |
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325 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: |
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326 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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327 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html |
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328 |
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329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): |
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330 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date |
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331 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). |
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332 # |
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333 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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334 # which says |
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335 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in |
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336 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to |
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337 # 2am on February 26 next year. |
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338 |
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339 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) |
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340 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for |
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341 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. |
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342 # |
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343 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 |
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344 # states: |
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345 # |
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346 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 |
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347 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. |
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348 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start |
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349 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. |
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350 |
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351 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: |
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352 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate |
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353 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st |
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354 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. |
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355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 |
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356 |
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357 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: |
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358 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... |
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359 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am |
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360 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx |
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361 |
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362 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): |
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363 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: |
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364 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx |
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365 |
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366 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): |
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367 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. |
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368 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx |
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369 |
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370 # From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 |
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371 # in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), |
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372 # via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): |
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373 # the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time |
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374 # commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at |
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375 # 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. |
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376 |
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377 # From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): |
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378 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx |
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379 # "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when |
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380 # clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will |
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381 # end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." |
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382 |
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383 # From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): |
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384 # Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing |
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385 # Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), |
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386 # [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. |
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387 |
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388 # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): |
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389 # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ |
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390 # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. |
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391 # |
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392 # From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15): |
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393 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00 |
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394 # the first Sunday on or after January 13. January transitions reportedly |
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395 # depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches |
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396 # transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future |
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397 # practice than guessing no DST. |
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398 |
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399 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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400 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
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401 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
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402 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - |
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403 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - |
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404 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - |
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405 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - |
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406 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - |
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407 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - |
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408 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
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409 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 - |
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410 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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411 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
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412 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 |
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413 |
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414 # French Polynesia |
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415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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416 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
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417 -9:00 - -09 |
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418 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
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419 -9:30 - -0930 |
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420 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
|
421 -10:00 - -10 |
|
422 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
|
423 # it is uninhabited. |
|
424 |
|
425 # Guam |
|
426 |
|
427 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
428 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf |
|
429 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf |
|
430 Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D |
|
431 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf |
|
432 Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S |
|
433 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf |
|
434 Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D |
|
435 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf |
|
436 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S |
|
437 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf |
|
438 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D |
|
439 Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S |
|
440 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf |
|
441 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf |
|
442 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf |
|
443 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
444 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S |
|
445 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf |
|
446 Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D |
|
447 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf |
|
448 Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S |
|
449 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf |
|
450 Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D |
|
451 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf |
|
452 Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S |
|
453 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf |
|
454 Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D |
|
455 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf |
|
456 Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S |
|
457 |
|
458 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
459 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
|
460 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
|
461 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam |
|
462 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 |
|
463 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 |
|
464 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
|
465 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is |
|
466 |
|
467 # Kiribati |
|
468 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
469 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
|
470 12:00 - +12 |
|
471 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
472 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct |
|
473 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 |
|
474 13:00 - +13 |
|
475 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
476 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct |
|
477 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 |
|
478 14:00 - +14 |
|
479 |
|
480 # N Mariana Is |
|
481 # See Pacific/Guam. |
|
482 |
|
483 # Marshall Is |
|
484 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
485 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
|
486 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct |
|
487 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 |
|
488 11:00 - +11 1937 |
|
489 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 |
|
490 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 |
|
491 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
492 12:00 - +12 |
|
493 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
494 11:00 - +11 1937 |
|
495 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 |
|
496 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 |
|
497 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
498 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 |
|
499 12:00 - +12 |
|
500 |
|
501 # Micronesia |
|
502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
503 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
|
504 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
|
505 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct |
|
506 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 |
|
507 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 |
|
508 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug |
|
509 10:00 - +10 |
|
510 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia |
|
511 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 |
|
512 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct |
|
513 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 |
|
514 11:00 - +11 1937 |
|
515 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 |
|
516 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug |
|
517 11:00 - +11 |
|
518 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
|
519 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
520 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct |
|
521 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 |
|
522 11:00 - +11 1937 |
|
523 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 |
|
524 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug |
|
525 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct |
|
526 12:00 - +12 1999 |
|
527 11:00 - +11 |
|
528 |
|
529 # Nauru |
|
530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
531 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
|
532 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 |
|
533 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 |
|
534 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 |
|
535 12:00 - +12 |
|
536 |
|
537 # New Caledonia |
|
538 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
539 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - |
|
540 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
|
541 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - |
|
542 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
|
543 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
|
544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
545 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa |
|
546 11:00 NC +11/+12 |
|
547 |
|
548 |
|
549 ############################################################################### |
|
550 |
|
551 # New Zealand |
|
552 |
|
553 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
554 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
|
555 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
|
556 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
|
557 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
|
558 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
|
559 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
|
560 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
|
561 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a |
|
562 # there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this |
|
563 # transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change |
|
564 # time to percolate out. |
|
565 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
566 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - |
|
567 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
|
568 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - |
|
569 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
570 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - |
|
571 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
|
572 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - |
|
573 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
574 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - |
|
575 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
576 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - |
|
577 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
|
578 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - |
|
579 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
|
580 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - |
|
581 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
|
582 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - |
|
583 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
584 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
|
585 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
|
586 12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
|
587 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
|
588 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 |
|
589 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 |
|
590 |
|
591 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo |
|
592 |
|
593 # Auckland Is |
|
594 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
|
595 # and scientific personnel have wintered |
|
596 |
|
597 # Campbell I |
|
598 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
|
599 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
|
600 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
|
601 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
|
602 |
|
603 # Cook Is |
|
604 # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
|
605 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
606 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - |
|
607 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
|
608 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - |
|
609 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
610 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
|
611 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 |
|
612 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 |
|
613 |
|
614 ############################################################################### |
|
615 |
|
616 |
|
617 # Niue |
|
618 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
619 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
|
620 -11:20 - -1120 1951 |
|
621 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 |
|
622 -11:00 - -11 |
|
623 |
|
624 # Norfolk |
|
625 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
626 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
|
627 11:12 - +1112 1951 |
|
628 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00 |
|
629 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00 |
|
630 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00 |
|
631 11:00 - +11 |
|
632 |
|
633 # Palau (Belau) |
|
634 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
635 Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror |
|
636 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
637 9:00 - +09 |
|
638 |
|
639 # Papua New Guinea |
|
640 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
641 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
|
642 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
|
643 10:00 - +10 |
|
644 # |
|
645 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): |
|
646 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have |
|
647 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. |
|
648 # |
|
649 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates |
|
650 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. |
|
651 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. |
|
652 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, |
|
653 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia |
|
654 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm |
|
655 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. |
|
656 # |
|
657 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 |
|
658 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". |
|
659 # See: |
|
660 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ |
|
661 # |
|
662 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 |
|
663 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 |
|
664 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul |
|
665 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 |
|
666 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 |
|
667 11:00 - +11 |
|
668 |
|
669 # Pitcairn |
|
670 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
671 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
|
672 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 |
|
673 -8:00 - -08 |
|
674 |
|
675 # American Samoa |
|
676 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 |
|
677 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
|
678 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
|
679 Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands |
|
680 |
|
681 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) |
|
682 |
|
683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): |
|
684 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received |
|
685 # the following info: |
|
686 # |
|
687 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year |
|
688 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first |
|
689 # Sunday of April 2011." |
|
690 # |
|
691 # Background info: |
|
692 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html |
|
693 # |
|
694 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not |
|
695 # contain any dates: |
|
696 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf |
|
697 |
|
698 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): |
|
699 # Please see |
|
700 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws |
|
701 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday |
|
702 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight |
|
703 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks |
|
704 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" |
|
705 |
|
706 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): |
|
707 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] |
|
708 # |
|
709 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am |
|
710 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to |
|
711 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock |
|
712 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). |
|
713 |
|
714 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): |
|
715 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line |
|
716 # |
|
717 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 |
|
718 |
|
719 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): |
|
720 # The International Date Line Act 2011 |
|
721 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf |
|
722 # changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on |
|
723 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted |
|
724 # accordingly. |
|
725 |
|
726 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): |
|
727 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
|
728 # |
|
729 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change |
|
730 # |
|
731 # DST |
|
732 # Year End Time Start Time |
|
733 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am |
|
734 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - |
|
735 # |
|
736 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 |
|
737 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours |
|
738 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours |
|
739 # |
|
740 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): |
|
741 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and |
|
742 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... |
|
743 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html |
|
744 # |
|
745 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): |
|
746 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. |
|
747 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. |
|
748 |
|
749 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
750 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - |
|
751 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - |
|
752 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - |
|
753 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - |
|
754 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - |
|
755 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
756 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 |
|
757 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
|
758 -11:30 - -1130 1950 |
|
759 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 |
|
760 13:00 WS +13/+14 |
|
761 |
|
762 # Solomon Is |
|
763 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
|
764 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
765 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
|
766 11:00 - +11 |
|
767 |
|
768 # Tokelau |
|
769 # |
|
770 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) |
|
771 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping |
|
772 # December 31 this year ... |
|
773 # |
|
774 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) |
|
775 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking |
|
776 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... |
|
777 # Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change |
|
778 # actually was to UT-11 back then. |
|
779 # |
|
780 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) |
|
781 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of |
|
782 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, |
|
783 # <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau |
|
784 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger |
|
785 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. |
|
786 |
|
787 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
788 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
789 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 |
|
790 13:00 - +13 |
|
791 |
|
792 # Tonga |
|
793 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
794 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - |
|
795 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
|
796 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
|
797 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
|
798 Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - |
|
799 Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - |
|
800 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
801 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
802 12:20 - +1220 1941 |
|
803 13:00 - +13 1999 |
|
804 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 |
|
805 |
|
806 # Tuvalu |
|
807 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
808 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
|
809 12:00 - +12 |
|
810 |
|
811 |
|
812 # US minor outlying islands |
|
813 |
|
814 # Howland, Baker |
|
815 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
|
816 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
|
817 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
|
818 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
819 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; |
|
820 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
|
821 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
|
822 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
|
823 # until they were abandoned after the war. |
|
824 |
|
825 # Jarvis |
|
826 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
|
827 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
|
828 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
829 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
830 |
|
831 # Johnston |
|
832 # |
|
833 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): |
|
834 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. |
|
835 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so |
|
836 # treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, |
|
837 # its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. |
|
838 # |
|
839 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 |
|
840 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, |
|
841 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM |
|
842 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and |
|
843 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. |
|
844 # |
|
845 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): |
|
846 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used |
|
847 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, |
|
848 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the |
|
849 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last |
|
850 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, |
|
851 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the |
|
852 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. |
|
853 # https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf |
|
854 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a |
|
855 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time |
|
856 # Minus One Hour". |
|
857 |
|
858 # Kingman |
|
859 # uninhabited |
|
860 |
|
861 # Midway |
|
862 # See Pacific/Pago_Pago. |
|
863 |
|
864 # Palmyra |
|
865 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
866 |
|
867 # Wake |
|
868 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
869 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
|
870 12:00 - +12 |
|
871 |
|
872 |
|
873 # Vanuatu |
|
874 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
875 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 - |
|
876 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
877 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 - |
|
878 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - |
|
879 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
880 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 - |
|
881 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
882 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
|
883 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 |
|
884 |
|
885 # Wallis and Futuna |
|
886 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
887 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
888 12:00 - +12 |
|
889 |
|
890 ############################################################################### |
|
891 |
|
892 # NOTES |
|
893 |
|
894 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
|
895 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
|
896 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see |
|
897 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
|
898 |
|
899 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): |
|
900 # |
|
901 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: |
|
902 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
|
903 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
|
904 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. |
|
905 # |
|
906 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source |
|
907 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport |
|
908 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
|
909 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
|
910 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, |
|
911 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. |
|
912 # |
|
913 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
|
914 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
|
915 # I found in the UCLA library. |
|
916 # |
|
917 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: |
|
918 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. |
|
919 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 |
|
920 # |
|
921 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
|
922 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
|
923 # |
|
924 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*". |
|
925 # The following abbreviations are from other sources. |
|
926 # Corrections are welcome! |
|
927 # std dst |
|
928 # LMT Local Mean Time |
|
929 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia |
|
930 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia |
|
931 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia |
|
932 # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 |
|
933 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
|
934 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
|
935 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
|
936 # -11:00 SST Samoa |
|
937 # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
|
938 # |
|
939 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
|
940 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. |
|
941 |
|
942 ############################################################################### |
|
943 |
|
944 # Australia |
|
945 |
|
946 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
|
947 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting |
|
948 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. |
|
949 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving |
|
950 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native |
|
951 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was |
|
952 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a |
|
953 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded |
|
954 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables |
|
955 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." |
|
956 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) |
|
957 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm |
|
958 |
|
959 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
|
960 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
|
961 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml |
|
962 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
|
963 |
|
964 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
|
965 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
|
966 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving |
|
967 # covers New South Wales in particular. |
|
968 |
|
969 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
970 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. |
|
971 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' |
|
972 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
|
973 # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
|
974 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
|
975 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
|
976 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
|
977 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight |
|
978 # time'. |
|
979 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
|
980 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' |
|
981 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
|
982 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
|
983 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
|
984 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; |
|
985 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
|
986 |
|
987 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): |
|
988 # |
|
989 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this |
|
990 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer |
|
991 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". |
|
992 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common |
|
993 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints |
|
994 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. |
|
995 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; |
|
996 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web |
|
997 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for |
|
998 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an |
|
999 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the |
|
1000 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: |
|
1001 # |
|
1002 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
1003 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au |
|
1004 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au |
|
1005 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au |
|
1006 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au |
|
1007 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au |
|
1008 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
1009 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
1010 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au |
|
1011 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au |
|
1012 # |
|
1013 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] |
|
1014 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au |
|
1015 # |
|
1016 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but |
|
1017 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages |
|
1018 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since |
|
1019 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: |
|
1020 # |
|
1021 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au |
|
1022 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au |
|
1023 # |
|
1024 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as |
|
1025 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" |
|
1026 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. |
|
1027 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers |
|
1028 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, |
|
1029 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, |
|
1030 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). |
|
1031 # |
|
1032 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations |
|
1033 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> |
|
1034 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style |
|
1035 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't |
|
1036 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations |
|
1037 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather |
|
1038 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column |
|
1039 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not |
|
1040 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." |
|
1041 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and |
|
1042 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel |
|
1043 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two |
|
1044 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political |
|
1045 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." |
|
1046 # |
|
1047 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: |
|
1048 # |
|
1049 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) |
|
1050 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time |
|
1051 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) |
|
1052 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
|
1053 # |
|
1054 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) |
|
1055 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml |
|
1056 # EST CST WST EDT CDT |
|
1057 # |
|
1058 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) |
|
1059 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml |
|
1060 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) |
|
1061 # |
|
1062 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) |
|
1063 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp |
|
1064 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT |
|
1065 # |
|
1066 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) |
|
1067 # https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf |
|
1068 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used |
|
1069 # |
|
1070 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, |
|
1071 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. |
|
1072 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: |
|
1073 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". |
|
1074 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to |
|
1075 # appear in reports of events with international implications. |
|
1076 # |
|
1077 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in |
|
1078 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although |
|
1079 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in |
|
1080 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it |
|
1081 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all |
|
1082 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, |
|
1083 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current |
|
1084 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and |
|
1085 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. |
|
1086 |
|
1087 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
|
1088 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
1089 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
|
1090 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
|
1091 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
|
1092 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. |
|
1093 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
|
1094 |
|
1095 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
|
1096 # |
|
1097 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
|
1098 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
|
1099 # relevant entries in this database. |
|
1100 # |
|
1101 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
|
1102 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
|
1103 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html |
|
1104 # ACT |
|
1105 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
|
1106 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html |
|
1107 # SA |
|
1108 # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
|
1109 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html |
|
1110 |
|
1111 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
|
1112 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
|
1113 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
|
1114 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
|
1115 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
|
1116 # |
|
1117 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
|
1118 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
|
1119 # to extend DST together in 2006. |
|
1120 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
|
1121 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
|
1122 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
|
1123 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
|
1124 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
|
1125 # allude to it. |
|
1126 # But not Queensland |
|
1127 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html |
|
1128 |
|
1129 # Northern Territory |
|
1130 |
|
1131 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1132 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
|
1133 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1134 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
|
1135 # ... |
|
1136 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
|
1137 |
|
1138 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1139 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1140 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
1141 |
|
1142 # Western Australia |
|
1143 |
|
1144 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1145 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
|
1146 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1147 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
|
1148 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
|
1149 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
|
1150 # # before reaching parliament. |
|
1151 # ... |
|
1152 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
|
1153 # ... |
|
1154 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1155 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
1156 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1157 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
1158 |
|
1159 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1160 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1161 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
1162 |
|
1163 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
|
1164 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
|
1165 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
|
1166 # work at 9.00am.) |
|
1167 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
|
1168 # everybody again. |
|
1169 |
|
1170 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1171 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
|
1172 # it matches what was used in the past. |
|
1173 |
|
1174 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
|
1175 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm |
|
1176 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
|
1177 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
|
1178 |
|
1179 # From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): |
|
1180 # The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the |
|
1181 # government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, |
|
1182 # 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption |
|
1183 # would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing |
|
1184 # to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: |
|
1185 # Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. |
|
1186 # https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ |
|
1187 |
|
1188 # Queensland |
|
1189 |
|
1190 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): |
|
1191 # I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: |
|
1192 # Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. |
|
1193 # Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 |
|
1194 # https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS |
|
1195 |
|
1196 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1197 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
|
1198 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1199 # ... |
|
1200 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
|
1201 # ... |
|
1202 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1203 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
|
1204 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1205 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
|
1206 |
|
1207 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
|
1208 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
|
1209 # October 1989). |
|
1210 |
|
1211 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1212 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1213 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
1214 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
1215 |
|
1216 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
1217 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
|
1218 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
|
1219 # me.) |
|
1220 |
|
1221 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
|
1222 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
|
1223 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
|
1224 # ... |
|
1225 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1226 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
1227 # ... |
|
1228 |
|
1229 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1230 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
|
1231 |
|
1232 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
|
1233 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
|
1234 # WA are trialing DST for three years. |
|
1235 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf |
|
1236 |
|
1237 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
|
1238 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
|
1239 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
|
1240 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
|
1241 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
|
1242 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
|
1243 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
|
1244 # Australia and Western Australia.... |
|
1245 # |
|
1246 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
|
1247 # This is confirmed by the section entitled |
|
1248 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
|
1249 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html |
|
1250 # |
|
1251 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
|
1252 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
|
1253 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
|
1254 # coast of the continent. |
|
1255 # |
|
1256 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
|
1257 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
|
1258 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
|
1259 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
|
1260 # the largest population centre in this zone.... |
|
1261 # |
|
1262 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
|
1263 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
|
1264 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
|
1265 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
|
1266 # |
|
1267 # (2006-12-09): |
|
1268 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
|
1269 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
|
1270 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
|
1271 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
|
1272 |
|
1273 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
|
1274 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
|
1275 # introduction of standard time in 1895. |
|
1276 |
|
1277 |
|
1278 # southeast Australia |
|
1279 # |
|
1280 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1281 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
|
1282 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
|
1283 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
|
1284 |
|
1285 |
|
1286 # South Australia |
|
1287 |
|
1288 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
1289 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
1290 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
1291 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
1292 |
|
1293 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1294 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
|
1295 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1296 # ... |
|
1297 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
|
1298 # ... |
|
1299 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1300 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
1301 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
|
1302 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
1303 |
|
1304 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
|
1305 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
|
1306 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
|
1307 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
|
1308 |
|
1309 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
|
1310 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
|
1311 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
|
1312 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
|
1313 # is on... |
|
1314 |
|
1315 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
|
1316 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
|
1317 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
|
1318 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
|
1319 |
|
1320 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
|
1321 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
|
1322 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
|
1323 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
|
1324 |
|
1325 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
|
1326 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
|
1327 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
|
1328 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
|
1329 |
|
1330 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1331 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1332 |
|
1333 # Tasmania |
|
1334 |
|
1335 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
1336 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1337 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
1338 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1339 |
|
1340 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
|
1341 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
|
1342 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
|
1343 # (but nothing new about that). |
|
1344 |
|
1345 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
|
1346 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
|
1347 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
|
1348 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
|
1349 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
|
1350 # instead of the first Sunday in October. |
|
1351 |
|
1352 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
|
1353 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
|
1354 |
|
1355 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1356 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1357 |
|
1358 # Victoria |
|
1359 |
|
1360 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
1361 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1362 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
1363 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1364 |
|
1365 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
|
1366 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
|
1367 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
|
1368 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
|
1369 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
|
1370 # in Melbourne, Australia. |
|
1371 # |
|
1372 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
|
1373 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
|
1374 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
|
1375 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
|
1376 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
|
1377 # expected time. |
|
1378 # |
|
1379 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
|
1380 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
|
1381 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
|
1382 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
|
1383 # |
|
1384 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
|
1385 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
|
1386 |
|
1387 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1388 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1389 |
|
1390 # New South Wales |
|
1391 |
|
1392 # From Arthur David Olson: |
|
1393 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
|
1394 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
|
1395 # who notes: |
|
1396 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
|
1397 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" |
|
1398 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
|
1399 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
|
1400 # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
|
1401 # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
|
1402 |
|
1403 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
|
1404 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
|
1405 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, |
|
1406 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). |
|
1407 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html |
|
1408 |
|
1409 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
|
1410 # See the following official NSW source: |
|
1411 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
|
1412 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ |
|
1413 # |
|
1414 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
|
1415 # daylight saving next year. See: |
|
1416 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
|
1417 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm |
|
1418 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
|
1419 # |
|
1420 # Victoria will follow NSW. See: |
|
1421 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) |
|
1422 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm |
|
1423 # |
|
1424 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
|
1425 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) |
|
1426 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm |
|
1427 # |
|
1428 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
|
1429 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
|
1430 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm |
|
1431 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
|
1432 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
|
1433 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
|
1434 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
|
1435 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
|
1436 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." |
|
1437 # |
|
1438 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
|
1439 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) |
|
1440 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm |
|
1441 |
|
1442 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
|
1443 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
|
1444 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
|
1445 |
|
1446 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
|
1447 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
|
1448 # towns to use Queensland time. |
|
1449 |
|
1450 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1451 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1452 |
|
1453 # Yancowinna |
|
1454 |
|
1455 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
|
1456 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
|
1457 |
|
1458 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1459 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
|
1460 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1461 # ... |
|
1462 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
|
1463 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
|
1464 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
|
1465 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
|
1466 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
|
1467 # # presently available. |
|
1468 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
|
1469 # ... |
|
1470 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1471 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
|
1472 # [followed by other Rules] |
|
1473 |
|
1474 # Lord Howe Island |
|
1475 |
|
1476 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1477 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
|
1478 # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1479 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
|
1480 # hour ahead of NSW time. |
|
1481 |
|
1482 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
|
1483 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
|
1484 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
|
1485 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
|
1486 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
|
1487 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
|
1488 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents |
|
1489 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
|
1490 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
|
1491 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
|
1492 |
|
1493 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
|
1494 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
|
1495 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
|
1496 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
|
1497 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
|
1498 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
|
1499 |
|
1500 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1501 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
|
1502 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
|
1503 |
|
1504 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1505 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1506 |
|
1507 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): |
|
1508 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight |
|
1509 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 |
|
1510 # summer (southern hemisphere). |
|
1511 # |
|
1512 # From |
|
1513 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf |
|
1514 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling |
|
1515 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. |
|
1516 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each |
|
1517 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. |
|
1518 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia |
|
1519 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and |
|
1520 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... |
|
1521 # |
|
1522 # We have a wrap-up here: |
|
1523 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html |
|
1524 ############################################################################### |
|
1525 |
|
1526 # New Zealand |
|
1527 |
|
1528 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
|
1529 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
|
1530 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
|
1531 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
|
1532 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
|
1533 |
|
1534 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1535 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
|
1536 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
|
1537 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
|
1538 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1539 # ... |
|
1540 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1541 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1542 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
1543 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
|
1544 # ... |
|
1545 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
|
1546 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
|
1547 |
|
1548 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1549 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
|
1550 # rather than the October 1 value. |
|
1551 |
|
1552 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
|
1553 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
1554 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
|
1555 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
|
1556 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
|
1557 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
|
1558 # |
|
1559 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1560 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
|
1561 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. |
|
1562 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
|
1563 # |
|
1564 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
|
1565 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
|
1566 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
|
1567 |
|
1568 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
|
1569 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
|
1570 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
|
1571 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
|
1572 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
|
1573 |
|
1574 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): |
|
1575 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by |
|
1576 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). |
|
1577 # https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf |
|
1578 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand |
|
1579 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard |
|
1580 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New |
|
1581 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." |
|
1582 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time |
|
1583 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match |
|
1584 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did |
|
1585 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. |
|
1586 |
|
1587 ############################################################################### |
|
1588 |
|
1589 |
|
1590 # Fiji |
|
1591 |
|
1592 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
|
1593 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
|
1594 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
|
1595 |
|
1596 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
|
1597 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
|
1598 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
|
1599 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
|
1600 |
|
1601 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
|
1602 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
|
1603 |
|
1604 # From the BBC World Service in |
|
1605 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): |
|
1606 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
|
1607 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also |
|
1608 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning |
|
1609 # of the new millennium. |
|
1610 |
|
1611 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
|
1612 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
|
1613 |
|
1614 |
|
1615 # Kiribati |
|
1616 |
|
1617 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1618 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
|
1619 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" |
|
1620 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
|
1621 |
|
1622 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): |
|
1623 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition |
|
1624 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. |
|
1625 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): |
|
1626 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: |
|
1627 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). |
|
1628 |
|
1629 # Kwajalein |
|
1630 |
|
1631 # From an AP article (1993-08-22): |
|
1632 # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good |
|
1633 # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were |
|
1634 # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight |
|
1635 # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from |
|
1636 # one side of the international date line to the other." |
|
1637 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. |
|
1638 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html |
|
1639 |
|
1640 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): |
|
1641 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that |
|
1642 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in |
|
1643 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it |
|
1644 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch |
|
1645 # should occur at around 1950s instead. |
|
1646 # |
|
1647 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): |
|
1648 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. |
|
1649 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States |
|
1650 # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test |
|
1651 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was |
|
1652 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" |
|
1653 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. |
|
1654 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined |
|
1655 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. |
|
1656 |
|
1657 |
|
1658 # N Mariana Is, Guam |
|
1659 |
|
1660 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): |
|
1661 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... |
|
1662 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that |
|
1663 # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during |
|
1664 # that period of time like the surrounding area. |
|
1665 |
|
1666 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): |
|
1667 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
|
1668 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones |
|
1669 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
|
1670 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
|
1671 # see Asia/Manila. |
|
1672 # |
|
1673 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start |
|
1674 # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern |
|
1675 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume |
|
1676 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. |
|
1677 # |
|
1678 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, |
|
1679 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
|
1680 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
|
1681 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
|
1682 |
|
1683 # See also the commentary for Micronesia. |
|
1684 |
|
1685 |
|
1686 # Marshall Is |
|
1687 # See the commentary for Micronesia. |
|
1688 |
|
1689 |
|
1690 # Micronesia (and nearby) |
|
1691 |
|
1692 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): |
|
1693 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies |
|
1694 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. |
|
1695 |
|
1696 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
|
1697 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' |
|
1698 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." |
|
1699 # |
|
1700 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 |
|
1701 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
|
1702 |
|
1703 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
|
1704 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
|
1705 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) |
|
1706 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html |
|
1707 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. |
|
1708 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. |
|
1709 |
|
1710 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): |
|
1711 # |
|
1712 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 |
|
1713 # ... |
|
1714 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of |
|
1715 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands): |
|
1716 # |
|
1717 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands |
|
1718 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like |
|
1719 # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been |
|
1720 # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. |
|
1721 # |
|
1722 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were |
|
1723 # instructed to use JST at the time. |
|
1724 # |
|
1725 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use |
|
1726 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the |
|
1727 # longitude of the atoll. |
|
1728 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until |
|
1729 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. |
|
1730 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and |
|
1731 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that |
|
1732 # is if they keep their own time back then) |
|
1733 # |
|
1734 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area |
|
1735 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, |
|
1736 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same |
|
1737 # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying |
|
1738 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard |
|
1739 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. |
|
1740 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area |
|
1741 # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) |
|
1742 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil |
|
1743 # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) |
|
1744 # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil |
|
1745 # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). |
|
1746 # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been |
|
1747 # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal |
|
1748 # governance structure have been established, these district [become |
|
1749 # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard |
|
1750 # time of the area. |
|
1751 # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was |
|
1752 # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the |
|
1753 # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape |
|
1754 # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape |
|
1755 # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E |
|
1756 # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the |
|
1757 # Marshall Islands. |
|
1758 # |
|
1759 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the |
|
1760 # area into 2 timezones: |
|
1761 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and |
|
1762 # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) |
|
1763 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), |
|
1764 # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern |
|
1765 # Standard Time) |
|
1766 # |
|
1767 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, |
|
1768 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian |
|
1769 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. |
|
1770 # |
|
1771 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the |
|
1772 # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this |
|
1773 # period of time.... |
|
1774 # |
|
1775 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the |
|
1776 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time |
|
1777 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking |
|
1778 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. |
|
1779 # |
|
1780 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands |
|
1781 # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some |
|
1782 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those |
|
1783 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable |
|
1784 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable |
|
1785 # information can be found. |
|
1786 # |
|
1787 # |
|
1788 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): |
|
1789 # |
|
1790 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that |
|
1791 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information |
|
1792 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on. |
|
1793 # |
|
1794 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been |
|
1795 # done, so omit it from the data for now. |
|
1796 # |
|
1797 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. |
|
1798 |
|
1799 |
|
1800 # Midway |
|
1801 |
|
1802 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
|
1803 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
|
1804 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
|
1805 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
|
1806 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
|
1807 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
|
1808 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
|
1809 # air at 6am your time. |
|
1810 # |
|
1811 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
1812 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
|
1813 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
|
1814 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
|
1815 |
|
1816 # Nauru |
|
1817 |
|
1818 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): |
|
1819 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then |
|
1820 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. |
|
1821 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then |
|
1822 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 |
|
1823 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. |
|
1824 # ... |
|
1825 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" |
|
1826 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 |
|
1827 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" |
|
1828 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru |
|
1829 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. |
|
1830 # |
|
1831 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): |
|
1832 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in |
|
1833 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), |
|
1834 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by |
|
1835 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to |
|
1836 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: |
|
1837 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru |
|
1838 |
|
1839 # Norfolk |
|
1840 |
|
1841 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): |
|
1842 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: |
|
1843 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text |
|
1844 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. |
|
1845 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf |
|
1846 |
|
1847 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): |
|
1848 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted |
|
1849 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's |
|
1850 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST |
|
1851 # other than in 1974/5. See: |
|
1852 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html |
|
1853 |
|
1854 # Palau |
|
1855 # See commentary for Micronesia. |
|
1856 |
|
1857 # Pitcairn |
|
1858 |
|
1859 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
|
1860 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
|
1861 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
|
1862 # |
|
1863 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
|
1864 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
|
1865 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
|
1866 # |
|
1867 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
|
1868 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
|
1869 # somehow in light of this proclamation. |
|
1870 |
|
1871 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
|
1872 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
|
1873 # ... at midnight. |
|
1874 |
|
1875 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
|
1876 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
|
1877 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in |
|
1878 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
|
1879 |
|
1880 |
|
1881 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa |
|
1882 |
|
1883 # Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean |
|
1884 # time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change |
|
1885 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
|
1886 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that |
|
1887 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." |
|
1888 # This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. |
|
1889 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm |
|
1890 |
|
1891 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 |
|
1892 # in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 |
|
1893 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards |
|
1894 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. |
|
1895 # Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, |
|
1896 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a |
|
1897 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New |
|
1898 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. |
|
1899 |
|
1900 |
|
1901 # Tonga |
|
1902 |
|
1903 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1904 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting |
|
1905 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." |
|
1906 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
|
1907 |
|
1908 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
|
1909 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': |
|
1910 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm |
|
1911 # |
|
1912 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
|
1913 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
|
1914 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
|
1915 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
|
1916 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° |
|
1917 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
|
1918 # |
|
1919 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
|
1920 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
|
1921 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
|
1922 # |
|
1923 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
|
1924 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
|
1925 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
|
1926 # minutes we have lost?" |
|
1927 # |
|
1928 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
|
1929 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
|
1930 # to say your prayers in the morning." |
|
1931 |
|
1932 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1933 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
|
1934 |
|
1935 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
|
1936 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium |
|
1937 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
|
1938 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
|
1939 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
|
1940 # Government. |
|
1941 |
|
1942 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
|
1943 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
|
1944 # |
|
1945 # I was given this link by John Letts: |
|
1946 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
|
1947 # |
|
1948 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
|
1949 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
|
1950 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
|
1951 # (12 + 1 hour DST). |
|
1952 |
|
1953 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
|
1954 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: |
|
1955 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
|
1956 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
|
1957 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
|
1958 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
|
1959 # set back an hour on the closing date." |
|
1960 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
|
1961 |
|
1962 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
|
1963 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
|
1964 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
|
1965 |
|
1966 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
|
1967 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
|
1968 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
|
1969 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
|
1970 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
|
1971 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
|
1972 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) |
|
1973 |
|
1974 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
|
1975 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
|
1976 |
|
1977 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
|
1978 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
|
1979 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
|
1980 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
|
1981 # hour to 1:00am. |
|
1982 |
|
1983 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): |
|
1984 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
|
1985 |
|
1986 # From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): |
|
1987 # http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 |
|
1988 # Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen |
|
1989 # the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. |
|
1990 # |
|
1991 # From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): |
|
1992 # Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 |
|
1993 # through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. |
|
1994 |
|
1995 # From David Wade (2017-10-18): |
|
1996 # In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister |
|
1997 # continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few |
|
1998 # decisions will be made until elections 16th November. |
|
1999 # |
|
2000 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): |
|
2001 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. |
|
2002 |
|
2003 |
|
2004 # Wake |
|
2005 |
|
2006 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
|
2007 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
|
2008 # |
|
2009 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the |
|
2010 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
|
2011 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
|
2012 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
|
2013 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
|
2014 # impossible. |
|
2015 # |
|
2016 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm |
|
2017 |
|
2018 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
2019 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
|
2020 |
|
2021 # See also the commentary for Micronesia. |
|
2022 |
|
2023 |
|
2024 ############################################################################### |
|
2025 |
|
2026 # The International Date Line |
|
2027 |
|
2028 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
|
2029 # |
|
2030 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
|
2031 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
|
2032 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
|
2033 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
|
2034 # |
|
2035 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
|
2036 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
|
2037 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
|
2038 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
|
2039 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
|
2040 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
|
2041 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
|
2042 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
|
2043 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
|
2044 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
|
2045 # correct date is ambiguous. |
|
2046 |
|
2047 # From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
|
2048 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
|
2049 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
|
2050 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
|
2051 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
|
2052 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
|
2053 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
|
2054 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
|
2055 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
|
2056 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
|
2057 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were |
|
2058 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
|
2059 # independent merchant ships until World War II. |
|
2060 |
|
2061 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
|
2062 # (2005-03-20): |
|
2063 # |
|
2064 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
|
2065 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 |
|
2066 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
|
2067 # international waters; it ignores the international date line. |
|