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1 # |
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2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
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3 # |
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4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
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5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
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6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this |
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7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided |
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8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. |
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9 # |
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10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
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11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
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12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
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13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
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14 # accompanied this code). |
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15 # |
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16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
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17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
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18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
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19 # |
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20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, |
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21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or |
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22 # have any questions. |
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23 # |
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24 # <pre> |
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25 |
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26 # This file also includes Pacific islands. |
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27 |
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28 # Notes are at the end of this file |
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29 |
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30 ############################################################################### |
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31 |
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32 # Australia |
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33 |
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34 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. |
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35 |
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36 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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37 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - |
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38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - |
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39 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - |
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40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - |
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41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - |
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42 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
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43 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - |
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44 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which |
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45 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that |
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46 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. |
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47 |
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48 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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49 # Northern Territory |
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50 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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51 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
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52 9:30 Aus CST |
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53 # Western Australia |
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54 # |
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55 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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56 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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57 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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58 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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59 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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60 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - |
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61 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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62 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - |
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63 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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64 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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65 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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66 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul |
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67 8:00 AW WST |
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68 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec |
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69 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul |
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70 8:45 AW CWST |
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71 |
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72 # Queensland |
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73 # |
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74 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): |
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75 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast |
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76 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after |
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77 # Queensland ceased to. |
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78 # |
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79 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): |
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80 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, |
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81 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. |
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82 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, |
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83 # so use Lindeman. |
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84 # |
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85 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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86 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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87 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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88 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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89 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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90 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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91 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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92 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 |
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93 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
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94 10:00 AQ EST |
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95 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 |
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96 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
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97 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul |
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98 10:00 Holiday EST |
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99 |
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100 # South Australia |
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101 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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102 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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103 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - |
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104 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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105 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - |
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106 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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107 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
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108 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - |
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109 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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110 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - |
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111 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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112 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - |
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113 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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114 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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115 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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116 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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117 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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119 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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120 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
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121 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
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122 9:30 AS CST |
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123 |
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124 # Tasmania |
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125 # |
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126 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): |
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127 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> |
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128 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. |
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129 # |
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130 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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131 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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132 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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133 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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134 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - |
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135 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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136 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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137 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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138 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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139 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
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140 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
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141 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - |
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142 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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143 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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144 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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145 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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146 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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147 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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148 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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149 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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151 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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152 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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153 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb |
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154 10:00 Aus EST 1967 |
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155 10:00 AT EST |
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156 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep |
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157 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 |
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158 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb |
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159 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul |
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160 10:00 AT EST |
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161 |
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162 # Victoria |
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163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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164 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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165 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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166 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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167 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
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168 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - |
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169 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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170 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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171 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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172 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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173 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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174 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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175 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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176 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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177 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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179 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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180 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
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181 10:00 AV EST |
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182 |
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183 # New South Wales |
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184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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185 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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186 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - |
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187 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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188 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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189 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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190 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
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191 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - |
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192 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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193 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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194 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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195 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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196 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - |
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197 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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198 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
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199 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
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200 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - |
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201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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202 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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203 10:00 Aus EST 1971 |
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204 10:00 AN EST |
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205 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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206 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 |
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207 9:00 - CST 1899 May |
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208 9:30 Aus CST 1971 |
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209 9:30 AN CST 2000 |
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210 9:30 AS CST |
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211 |
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212 # Lord Howe Island |
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213 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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214 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - |
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215 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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216 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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217 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
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218 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - |
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219 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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220 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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221 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
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222 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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223 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - |
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224 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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225 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - |
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226 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - |
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227 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - |
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228 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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229 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar |
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230 10:30 LH LHST |
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231 |
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232 # Australian miscellany |
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233 # |
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234 # Ashmore Is, Cartier |
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235 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers |
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236 # no times are set |
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237 # |
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238 # Coral Sea Is |
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239 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists |
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240 # no times are set |
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241 # |
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242 # Macquarie |
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243 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; |
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244 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 |
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245 # like Australia/Hobart |
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246 |
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247 # Christmas |
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248 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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249 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb |
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250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time |
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251 |
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252 # Cook Is |
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253 # From Shanks & Pottenger: |
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254 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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255 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS |
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256 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
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257 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS |
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258 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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259 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua |
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260 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time |
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261 -10:00 Cook CK%sT |
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262 |
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263 # Cocos |
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264 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. |
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265 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. |
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266 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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267 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 |
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268 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time |
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269 |
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270 # Fiji |
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271 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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272 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
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273 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - |
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274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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275 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva |
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276 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time |
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277 |
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278 # French Polynesia |
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279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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280 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea |
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281 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time |
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282 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct |
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283 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time |
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284 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete |
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285 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time |
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286 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; |
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287 # it is uninhabited. |
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288 |
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289 # Guam |
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290 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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291 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
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292 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana |
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293 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam |
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294 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
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295 |
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296 # Kiribati |
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297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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298 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki |
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299 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time |
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300 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 |
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301 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time |
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302 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 |
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303 13:00 - PHOT |
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304 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 |
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305 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time |
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306 -10:00 - LINT 1995 |
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307 14:00 - LINT |
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308 |
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309 # N Mariana Is |
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310 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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311 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 |
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312 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 |
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313 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time |
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314 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 |
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315 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time |
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316 |
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317 # Marshall Is |
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318 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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319 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 |
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320 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time |
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321 12:00 - MHT |
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322 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 |
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323 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct |
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324 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time |
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325 12:00 - MHT |
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326 |
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327 # Micronesia |
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328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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329 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 |
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330 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time |
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331 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia |
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332 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time |
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333 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 |
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334 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time |
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335 12:00 - KOST 1999 |
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336 11:00 - KOST |
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337 |
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338 # Nauru |
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339 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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340 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe |
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341 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time |
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342 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 |
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343 11:30 - NRT 1979 May |
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344 12:00 - NRT |
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345 |
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346 # New Caledonia |
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347 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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348 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
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349 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - |
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350 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
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351 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. |
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352 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - |
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353 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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354 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 |
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355 11:00 NC NC%sT |
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356 |
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357 |
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358 ############################################################################### |
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359 |
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360 # New Zealand |
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361 |
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362 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
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363 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S |
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364 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M |
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365 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S |
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366 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M |
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367 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M |
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368 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S |
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369 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S |
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370 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no |
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371 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. |
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372 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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373 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
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374 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S |
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375 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S |
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376 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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377 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
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378 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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379 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
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380 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D |
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381 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D |
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382 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D |
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383 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D |
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384 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S |
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385 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S |
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386 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D |
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387 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D |
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388 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S |
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389 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S |
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390 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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391 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 |
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392 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 |
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393 12:00 NZ NZ%sT |
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394 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 |
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395 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT |
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396 |
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397 |
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398 # Auckland Is |
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399 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, |
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400 # and scientific personnel have wintered |
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401 |
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402 # Campbell I |
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403 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 |
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404 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; |
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405 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered |
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406 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland |
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407 |
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408 ############################################################################### |
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409 |
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410 |
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411 # Niue |
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412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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413 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi |
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414 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time |
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415 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 |
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416 -11:00 - NUT |
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417 |
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418 # Norfolk |
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419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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420 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston |
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421 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time |
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422 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time |
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423 |
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424 # Palau (Belau) |
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425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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426 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror |
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427 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time |
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428 |
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429 # Papua New Guinea |
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430 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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431 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 |
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432 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
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433 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time |
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434 |
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435 # Pitcairn |
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436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
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437 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown |
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438 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 |
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439 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time |
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440 |
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441 # American Samoa |
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442 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
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443 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 |
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444 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
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445 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
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446 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
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447 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
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448 |
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449 # Samoa |
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450 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 |
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451 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 |
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452 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time |
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453 -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time |
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454 |
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455 # Solomon Is |
|
456 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea |
|
457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
458 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara |
|
459 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time |
|
460 |
|
461 # Tokelau Is |
|
462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
463 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 |
|
464 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time |
|
465 |
|
466 # Tonga |
|
467 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
468 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S |
|
469 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - |
|
470 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
|
471 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - |
|
472 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
473 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
474 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time |
|
475 13:00 - TOT 1999 |
|
476 13:00 Tonga TO%sT |
|
477 |
|
478 # Tuvalu |
|
479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
480 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 |
|
481 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time |
|
482 |
|
483 |
|
484 # US minor outlying islands |
|
485 |
|
486 # Howland, Baker |
|
487 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British |
|
488 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. |
|
489 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; |
|
490 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
491 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; |
|
492 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, |
|
493 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). |
|
494 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 |
|
495 # until they were abandoned after the war. |
|
496 |
|
497 # Jarvis |
|
498 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. |
|
499 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; |
|
500 # uninhabited thereafter. |
|
501 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
502 |
|
503 # Johnston |
|
504 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
505 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST |
|
506 |
|
507 # Kingman |
|
508 # uninhabited |
|
509 |
|
510 # Midway |
|
511 # |
|
512 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): |
|
513 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, |
|
514 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] |
|
515 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly |
|
516 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting |
|
517 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone |
|
518 # designations that I've never seen before:.... |
|
519 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. |
|
520 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " |
|
521 # |
|
522 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 |
|
523 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 |
|
524 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 |
|
525 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome |
|
526 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering |
|
527 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa |
|
528 |
|
529 # Palmyra |
|
530 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati |
|
531 |
|
532 # Wake |
|
533 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
534 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 |
|
535 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time |
|
536 |
|
537 |
|
538 # Vanuatu |
|
539 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
|
540 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S |
|
541 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
542 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
543 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
544 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - |
|
545 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S |
|
546 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
547 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila |
|
548 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time |
|
549 |
|
550 # Wallis and Futuna |
|
551 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
|
552 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 |
|
553 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time |
|
554 |
|
555 ############################################################################### |
|
556 |
|
557 # NOTES |
|
558 |
|
559 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
|
560 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to |
|
561 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). |
|
562 |
|
563 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
564 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
|
565 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), |
|
566 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). |
|
567 # |
|
568 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
|
569 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport |
|
570 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), |
|
571 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries |
|
572 # of the IATA's data after 1990. |
|
573 # |
|
574 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for |
|
575 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. |
|
576 # |
|
577 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, |
|
578 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which |
|
579 # I found in the UCLA library. |
|
580 # |
|
581 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is |
|
582 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
|
583 # |
|
584 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; |
|
585 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
|
586 # Corrections are welcome! |
|
587 # std dst |
|
588 # LMT Local Mean Time |
|
589 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia |
|
590 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* |
|
591 # 9:00 JST Japan |
|
592 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia |
|
593 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia |
|
594 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro |
|
595 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* |
|
596 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 |
|
597 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present |
|
598 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* |
|
599 # -11:00 SST Samoa |
|
600 # -10:00 HST Hawaii |
|
601 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* |
|
602 # |
|
603 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. |
|
604 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. |
|
605 |
|
606 ############################################################################### |
|
607 |
|
608 # Australia |
|
609 |
|
610 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): |
|
611 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> |
|
612 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia |
|
613 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. |
|
614 |
|
615 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): |
|
616 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> |
|
617 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales |
|
618 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. |
|
619 |
|
620 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
621 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. |
|
622 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' |
|
623 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the |
|
624 # abbreviation does _not_ change... |
|
625 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least |
|
626 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the |
|
627 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses |
|
628 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight |
|
629 # time'. |
|
630 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian |
|
631 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' |
|
632 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the |
|
633 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers |
|
634 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases |
|
635 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; |
|
636 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. |
|
637 |
|
638 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
639 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: |
|
640 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 |
|
641 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 |
|
642 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 |
|
643 |
|
644 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): |
|
645 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: |
|
646 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> |
|
647 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: |
|
648 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> |
|
649 |
|
650 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" |
|
651 # versus "AEST" etc.: |
|
652 # |
|
653 # I see the following points of dispute: |
|
654 # |
|
655 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? |
|
656 # |
|
657 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris |
|
658 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper |
|
659 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity |
|
660 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian |
|
661 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. |
|
662 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique |
|
663 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't |
|
664 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. |
|
665 # |
|
666 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous |
|
667 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is |
|
668 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for |
|
669 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. |
|
670 # |
|
671 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? |
|
672 # |
|
673 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in |
|
674 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about |
|
675 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard |
|
676 # Time, for example. |
|
677 # |
|
678 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to |
|
679 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a |
|
680 # tiebreaker. |
|
681 # |
|
682 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern |
|
683 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with |
|
684 # the word "Australian"? |
|
685 # |
|
686 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are |
|
687 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more |
|
688 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more |
|
689 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the |
|
690 # following count of page hits: |
|
691 # |
|
692 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au |
|
693 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au |
|
694 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au |
|
695 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au |
|
696 # |
|
697 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", |
|
698 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, |
|
699 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer |
|
700 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. |
|
701 # |
|
702 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of |
|
703 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and |
|
704 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here |
|
705 # are the hit counts anyway: |
|
706 # |
|
707 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au |
|
708 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au |
|
709 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au |
|
710 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au |
|
711 # |
|
712 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au |
|
713 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au |
|
714 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au |
|
715 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au |
|
716 # |
|
717 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au |
|
718 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au |
|
719 # |
|
720 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in |
|
721 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given |
|
722 # the ambiguities involved. |
|
723 # |
|
724 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? |
|
725 # |
|
726 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 |
|
727 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, |
|
728 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and |
|
729 # understood in Australia. |
|
730 |
|
731 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): |
|
732 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
733 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper |
|
734 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, |
|
735 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 |
|
736 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. |
|
737 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. |
|
738 |
|
739 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): |
|
740 # |
|
741 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, |
|
742 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more |
|
743 # relevant entries in this database. |
|
744 # |
|
745 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): |
|
746 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> |
|
747 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) |
|
748 # </a> |
|
749 # ACT |
|
750 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> |
|
751 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 |
|
752 # </a> |
|
753 # SA |
|
754 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> |
|
755 # Standard Time Act, 1898 |
|
756 # </a> |
|
757 |
|
758 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): |
|
759 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by |
|
760 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. |
|
761 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday |
|
762 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. |
|
763 # |
|
764 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): |
|
765 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan |
|
766 # to extend DST together in 2006. |
|
767 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt |
|
768 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html |
|
769 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html |
|
770 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 |
|
771 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles |
|
772 # allude to it. |
|
773 # But not Queensland |
|
774 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. |
|
775 |
|
776 # Northern Territory |
|
777 |
|
778 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
779 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] |
|
780 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
781 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. |
|
782 # ... |
|
783 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST |
|
784 |
|
785 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
786 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
787 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
788 |
|
789 # Western Australia |
|
790 |
|
791 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
792 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] |
|
793 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
794 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to |
|
795 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but |
|
796 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus |
|
797 # # before reaching parliament. |
|
798 # ... |
|
799 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST |
|
800 # ... |
|
801 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
802 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
803 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
804 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W |
|
805 |
|
806 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
807 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
808 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. |
|
809 |
|
810 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): |
|
811 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney |
|
812 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at |
|
813 # work at 9.00am.) |
|
814 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse |
|
815 # everybody again. |
|
816 |
|
817 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
818 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; |
|
819 # it matches what was used in the past. |
|
820 |
|
821 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> |
|
822 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ |
|
823 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses |
|
824 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. |
|
825 |
|
826 # Queensland |
|
827 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
828 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] |
|
829 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
830 # ... |
|
831 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST |
|
832 # ... |
|
833 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
834 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E |
|
835 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
836 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E |
|
837 |
|
838 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): |
|
839 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from |
|
840 # October 1989). |
|
841 |
|
842 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
843 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
844 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
845 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
846 |
|
847 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): |
|
848 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact |
|
849 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised |
|
850 # me.) |
|
851 |
|
852 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): |
|
853 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted |
|
854 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... |
|
855 # ... |
|
856 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
857 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
858 # ... |
|
859 |
|
860 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
861 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. |
|
862 |
|
863 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning |
|
864 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): |
|
865 # WA are trialing DST for three years. |
|
866 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> |
|
867 |
|
868 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): |
|
869 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the |
|
870 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western |
|
871 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The |
|
872 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so |
|
873 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the |
|
874 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South |
|
875 # Australia and Western Australia.... |
|
876 # |
|
877 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): |
|
878 # This is confirmed by the section entitled |
|
879 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in |
|
880 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. |
|
881 # |
|
882 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): |
|
883 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, |
|
884 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern |
|
885 # coast of the continent. |
|
886 # |
|
887 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no |
|
888 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border |
|
889 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west |
|
890 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is |
|
891 # the largest population centre in this zone.... |
|
892 # |
|
893 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the |
|
894 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I |
|
895 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, |
|
896 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. |
|
897 # |
|
898 # (2006-12-09): |
|
899 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving |
|
900 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis |
|
901 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well |
|
902 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. |
|
903 |
|
904 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): |
|
905 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the |
|
906 # introduction of standard time in 1895. |
|
907 |
|
908 |
|
909 # southeast Australia |
|
910 # |
|
911 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
912 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT |
|
913 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. |
|
914 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html |
|
915 |
|
916 |
|
917 # South Australia |
|
918 |
|
919 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): |
|
920 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... |
|
921 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving |
|
922 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... |
|
923 |
|
924 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
925 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] |
|
926 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
927 # ... |
|
928 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST |
|
929 # ... |
|
930 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
931 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
932 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C |
|
933 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C |
|
934 |
|
935 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): |
|
936 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide |
|
937 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, |
|
938 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." |
|
939 |
|
940 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): |
|
941 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) |
|
942 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even |
|
943 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival |
|
944 # is on... |
|
945 |
|
946 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): |
|
947 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... |
|
948 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... |
|
949 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). |
|
950 |
|
951 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): |
|
952 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, |
|
953 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can |
|
954 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... |
|
955 |
|
956 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): |
|
957 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... |
|
958 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... |
|
959 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. |
|
960 |
|
961 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
962 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
963 |
|
964 # Tasmania |
|
965 |
|
966 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
967 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
968 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
969 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
970 |
|
971 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): |
|
972 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have |
|
973 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia |
|
974 # (but nothing new about that). |
|
975 |
|
976 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): |
|
977 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the |
|
978 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, |
|
979 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria |
|
980 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 |
|
981 # instead of the first Sunday in October. |
|
982 |
|
983 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: |
|
984 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 |
|
985 |
|
986 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
987 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
988 |
|
989 # Victoria |
|
990 |
|
991 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd |
|
992 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
993 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] |
|
994 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
995 |
|
996 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): |
|
997 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an |
|
998 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was |
|
999 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar |
|
1000 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located |
|
1001 # in Melbourne, Australia. |
|
1002 # |
|
1003 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which |
|
1004 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day |
|
1005 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's |
|
1006 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, |
|
1007 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the |
|
1008 # expected time. |
|
1009 # |
|
1010 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had |
|
1011 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of |
|
1012 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps |
|
1013 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. |
|
1014 # |
|
1015 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html |
|
1016 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au |
|
1017 |
|
1018 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1019 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1020 |
|
1021 # New South Wales |
|
1022 |
|
1023 # From Arthur David Olson: |
|
1024 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. |
|
1025 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, |
|
1026 # who notes: |
|
1027 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the |
|
1028 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' |
|
1029 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common |
|
1030 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the |
|
1031 # legislation. This is very important to understand. |
|
1032 # I have researched New South Wales time only... |
|
1033 |
|
1034 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): |
|
1035 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual |
|
1036 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, |
|
1037 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> |
|
1038 # Two months more daylight saving |
|
1039 # </a> |
|
1040 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] |
|
1041 |
|
1042 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): |
|
1043 # See the following official NSW source: |
|
1044 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> |
|
1045 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. |
|
1046 # </a> |
|
1047 # |
|
1048 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of |
|
1049 # daylight saving next year. See: |
|
1050 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> |
|
1051 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving |
|
1052 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. |
|
1053 # |
|
1054 # Victoria will following NSW. See: |
|
1055 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> |
|
1056 # Vic to extend daylight saving |
|
1057 # </a> (1999-07-28). |
|
1058 # |
|
1059 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: |
|
1060 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> |
|
1061 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request |
|
1062 # </a> (1999-07-19). |
|
1063 # |
|
1064 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: |
|
1065 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> |
|
1066 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics |
|
1067 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying |
|
1068 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time |
|
1069 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very |
|
1070 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of |
|
1071 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. |
|
1072 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' |
|
1073 # |
|
1074 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: |
|
1075 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> |
|
1076 # Broken Hill to be behind the times |
|
1077 # </a> (1999-07-21). |
|
1078 |
|
1079 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian |
|
1080 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken |
|
1081 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. |
|
1082 |
|
1083 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: |
|
1084 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW |
|
1085 # towns to use Queensland time. |
|
1086 |
|
1087 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1088 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1089 |
|
1090 # Yancowinna |
|
1091 |
|
1092 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): |
|
1093 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. |
|
1094 |
|
1095 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1096 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] |
|
1097 # # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1098 # ... |
|
1099 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the |
|
1100 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings |
|
1101 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government |
|
1102 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have |
|
1103 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not |
|
1104 # # presently available. |
|
1105 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST |
|
1106 # ... |
|
1107 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1108 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C |
|
1109 # [followed by other Rules] |
|
1110 |
|
1111 # Lord Howe Island |
|
1112 |
|
1113 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1114 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] |
|
1115 # [ Dec 1990 ] |
|
1116 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an |
|
1117 # hour ahead of NSW time. |
|
1118 |
|
1119 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): |
|
1120 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same |
|
1121 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the |
|
1122 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is |
|
1123 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time |
|
1124 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour |
|
1125 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents |
|
1126 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing |
|
1127 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will |
|
1128 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. |
|
1129 |
|
1130 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): |
|
1131 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards |
|
1132 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently |
|
1133 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as |
|
1134 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start |
|
1135 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. |
|
1136 |
|
1137 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1138 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and |
|
1139 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. |
|
1140 |
|
1141 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): |
|
1142 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. |
|
1143 |
|
1144 ############################################################################### |
|
1145 |
|
1146 # New Zealand |
|
1147 |
|
1148 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): |
|
1149 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. |
|
1150 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for |
|
1151 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). |
|
1152 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. |
|
1153 |
|
1154 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): |
|
1155 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! |
|
1156 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. |
|
1157 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] |
|
1158 # # [ Nov 1990 ] |
|
1159 # ... |
|
1160 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1161 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D |
|
1162 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S |
|
1163 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S |
|
1164 # ... |
|
1165 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand |
|
1166 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island |
|
1167 |
|
1168 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
|
1169 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 |
|
1170 # rather than the October 1 value. |
|
1171 |
|
1172 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); |
|
1173 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. |
|
1174 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight |
|
1175 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard |
|
1176 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. |
|
1177 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. |
|
1178 # |
|
1179 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1180 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, |
|
1181 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. |
|
1182 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. |
|
1183 # |
|
1184 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with |
|
1185 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham |
|
1186 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. |
|
1187 |
|
1188 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): |
|
1189 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the |
|
1190 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning |
|
1191 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. |
|
1192 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended |
|
1193 |
|
1194 ############################################################################### |
|
1195 |
|
1196 |
|
1197 # Fiji |
|
1198 |
|
1199 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji |
|
1200 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time |
|
1201 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). |
|
1202 |
|
1203 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): |
|
1204 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 |
|
1205 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will |
|
1206 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. |
|
1207 |
|
1208 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): |
|
1209 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. |
|
1210 |
|
1211 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): |
|
1212 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to |
|
1213 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it |
|
1214 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific |
|
1215 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new |
|
1216 # millenium. |
|
1217 |
|
1218 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) |
|
1219 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. |
|
1220 |
|
1221 # Johnston |
|
1222 |
|
1223 # Johnston data is from usno1995. |
|
1224 |
|
1225 |
|
1226 # Kiribati |
|
1227 |
|
1228 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1229 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati |
|
1230 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' |
|
1231 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. |
|
1232 |
|
1233 |
|
1234 # Kwajalein |
|
1235 |
|
1236 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: |
|
1237 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, |
|
1238 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with |
|
1239 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, |
|
1240 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. |
|
1241 |
|
1242 |
|
1243 # N Mariana Is, Guam |
|
1244 |
|
1245 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the |
|
1246 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones |
|
1247 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. |
|
1248 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; |
|
1249 # see Asia/Manila. |
|
1250 |
|
1251 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, |
|
1252 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, |
|
1253 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, |
|
1254 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". |
|
1255 |
|
1256 |
|
1257 # Micronesia |
|
1258 |
|
1259 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), |
|
1260 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" |
|
1261 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' |
|
1262 # |
|
1263 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 |
|
1264 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. |
|
1265 |
|
1266 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
|
1267 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in |
|
1268 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> |
|
1269 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information |
|
1270 # </a> (1999-01-26) |
|
1271 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. |
|
1272 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. |
|
1273 |
|
1274 |
|
1275 # Midway |
|
1276 |
|
1277 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), |
|
1278 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection |
|
1279 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): |
|
1280 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight |
|
1281 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, |
|
1282 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 |
|
1283 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to |
|
1284 # air at 6am your time. |
|
1285 # |
|
1286 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
1287 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they |
|
1288 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years |
|
1289 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. |
|
1290 |
|
1291 |
|
1292 # Pitcairn |
|
1293 |
|
1294 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): |
|
1295 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 |
|
1296 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. |
|
1297 # |
|
1298 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be |
|
1299 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known |
|
1300 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. |
|
1301 # |
|
1302 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several |
|
1303 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation |
|
1304 # somehow in light of this proclamation. |
|
1305 |
|
1306 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): |
|
1307 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 |
|
1308 # ... at midnight. |
|
1309 |
|
1310 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: |
|
1311 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as |
|
1312 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in |
|
1313 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. |
|
1314 |
|
1315 |
|
1316 # Samoa |
|
1317 |
|
1318 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) |
|
1319 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change |
|
1320 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, |
|
1321 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that |
|
1322 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' |
|
1323 |
|
1324 |
|
1325 # Tonga |
|
1326 |
|
1327 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): |
|
1328 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting |
|
1329 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' |
|
1330 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. |
|
1331 |
|
1332 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle |
|
1333 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> |
|
1334 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' |
|
1335 # </a>: |
|
1336 |
|
1337 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST |
|
1338 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its |
|
1339 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its |
|
1340 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of |
|
1341 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees |
|
1342 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). |
|
1343 # |
|
1344 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince |
|
1345 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time |
|
1346 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. |
|
1347 # |
|
1348 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer |
|
1349 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 |
|
1350 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 |
|
1351 # minutes we have lost?" |
|
1352 # |
|
1353 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that |
|
1354 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth |
|
1355 # to say your prayers in the morning." |
|
1356 |
|
1357 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
|
1358 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. |
|
1359 |
|
1360 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): |
|
1361 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium |
|
1362 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. |
|
1363 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from |
|
1364 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan |
|
1365 # Government. |
|
1366 |
|
1367 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
|
1368 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November |
|
1369 # |
|
1370 # I was given this link by John Letts: |
|
1371 # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> |
|
1372 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm |
|
1373 # </a> |
|
1374 # |
|
1375 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November |
|
1376 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead |
|
1377 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead |
|
1378 # (12 + 1 hour DST). |
|
1379 |
|
1380 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): |
|
1381 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> |
|
1382 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html |
|
1383 # </a>: |
|
1384 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 |
|
1385 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the |
|
1386 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on |
|
1387 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and |
|
1388 # set back an hour on the closing date." |
|
1389 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. |
|
1390 |
|
1391 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): |
|
1392 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. |
|
1393 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. |
|
1394 |
|
1395 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): |
|
1396 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com |
|
1397 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 |
|
1398 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article |
|
1399 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the |
|
1400 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. |
|
1401 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) |
|
1402 |
|
1403 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): |
|
1404 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. |
|
1405 |
|
1406 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: |
|
1407 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom |
|
1408 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday |
|
1409 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one |
|
1410 # hour to 1:00am. |
|
1411 |
|
1412 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): |
|
1413 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. |
|
1414 |
|
1415 |
|
1416 # Wake |
|
1417 |
|
1418 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, |
|
1419 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): |
|
1420 # |
|
1421 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the |
|
1422 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the |
|
1423 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we |
|
1424 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time |
|
1425 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost |
|
1426 # impossible. |
|
1427 # |
|
1428 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm |
|
1429 |
|
1430 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): |
|
1431 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. |
|
1432 |
|
1433 ############################################################################### |
|
1434 |
|
1435 # The International Date Line |
|
1436 |
|
1437 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): |
|
1438 # |
|
1439 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, |
|
1440 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. |
|
1441 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on |
|
1442 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. |
|
1443 # |
|
1444 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and |
|
1445 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL |
|
1446 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most |
|
1447 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line |
|
1448 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific |
|
1449 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international |
|
1450 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is |
|
1451 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some |
|
1452 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not |
|
1453 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the |
|
1454 # correct date is ambiguous. |
|
1455 |
|
1456 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): |
|
1457 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting |
|
1458 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's |
|
1459 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's |
|
1460 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the |
|
1461 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all |
|
1462 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones |
|
1463 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any |
|
1464 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted |
|
1465 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's |
|
1466 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were |
|
1467 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many |
|
1468 # independent merchant ships until World War II. |
|
1469 |
|
1470 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen |
|
1471 # (2005-03-20): |
|
1472 # |
|
1473 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) |
|
1474 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> |
|
1475 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in |
|
1476 # international waters; it ignores the international date line. |