1 #

     2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

     3 #

     4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

     5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

     6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

     7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

     8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

     9 #

    10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

    11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

    12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

    13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

    14 # accompanied this code).

    15 #

    16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

    17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

    18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

    19 #

    20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

    21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any

    22 # questions.

    23 #

    24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of

    25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.

    26 

    27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,

    28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to

    29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see

    30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.

    31 

    32 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):

    33 #

    34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:

    35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),

    36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).

    37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.

    38 #

    39 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source

    40 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport

    41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),

    42 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries

    43 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,

    44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.

    45 #

    46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,

    47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which

    48 # I found in the UCLA library.

    49 #

    50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:

    51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.

    52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359

    53 #

    54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is

    55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).

    56 #

    57 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.

    58 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.

    59 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT

    60 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,

    61 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that

    62 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,

    63 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and

    64 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for

    65 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".

    66 #

    67 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:

    68 #	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time

    69 #	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time

    70 #	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time

    71 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:

    72 #	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time

    73 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.

    74 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but

    75 # cannot now come up with solid citations.

    76 #

    77 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!

    78 #	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time

    79 #	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

    80 #	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)

    81 #	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time

    82 # 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired

    83 # with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.

    84 

    85 # Algeria

    86 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

    87 Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S

    88 Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-

    89 Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S

    90 Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S

    91 Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S

    92 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S

    93 Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-

    94 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S

    95 Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-

    96 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S

    97 Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-

    98 Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S

    99 Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-

   100 Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-

   101 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S

   102 Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-

   103 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S

   104 Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-

   105 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S

   106 Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-

   107 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S

   108 Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-

   109 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's

   110 # more precise 0:09:21.

   111 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   112 Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01

   113 			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time

   114 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00

   115 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7

   116 			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29

   117 			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14

   118 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21

   119 			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26

   120 			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May

   121 			1:00	-	CET

   122 

   123 # Angola

   124 # Benin

   125 # See Africa/Lagos.

   126 

   127 # Botswana

   128 # See Africa/Maputo.

   129 

   130 # Burkina Faso

   131 # See Africa/Abidjan.

   132 

   133 # Burundi

   134 # See Africa/Maputo.

   135 

   136 # Cameroon

   137 # See Africa/Lagos.

   138 

   139 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde

   140 #

   141 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.

   142 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree

   143 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

   144 # merely made it official?

   145 #

   146 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   147 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia

   148 			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep

   149 			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15

   150 			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00

   151 			-1:00	-	-01

   152 

   153 # Central African Republic

   154 # See Africa/Lagos.

   155 

   156 # Chad

   157 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   158 Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena

   159 			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14

   160 			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8

   161 			1:00	-	WAT

   162 

   163 # Comoros

   164 # See Africa/Nairobi.

   165 

   166 # Democratic Republic of the Congo

   167 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.

   168 

   169 # Republic of the Congo

   170 # See Africa/Lagos.

   171 

   172 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast

   173 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   174 Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912

   175 			 0:00	-	GMT

   176 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali

   177 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia

   178 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea

   179 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal

   180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone

   181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo

   182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania

   183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso

   184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome	# São Tomé and Príncipe

   185 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena

   186 

   187 # Djibouti

   188 # See Africa/Nairobi.

   189 

   190 ###############################################################################

   191 

   192 # Egypt

   193 

   194 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh

   195 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for

   196 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this

   197 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.

   198 

   199 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   200 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S

   201 Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-

   202 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S

   203 Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-

   204 Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S

   205 Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-

   206 Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-

   207 Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S

   208 Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S

   209 Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-

   210 Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S

   211 Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S

   212 Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-

   213 Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-

   214 Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S

   215 Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S

   216 Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S

   217 Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S

   218 Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S

   219 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.

   220 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.

   221 

   222 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):

   223 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight

   224 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of

   225 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."

   226 #

   227 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time

   228 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168

   229 # or

   230 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html

   231 Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S

   232 Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-

   233 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):

   234 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:

   235 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday

   236 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.

   237 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf

   238 Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-

   239 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):

   240 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight

   241 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.

   242 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]

   243 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm

   244 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53

   245 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:

   246 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm

   247 Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-

   248 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):

   249 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter

   250 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each

   251 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite

   252 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by

   253 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,

   254 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.

   255 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):

   256 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.

   257 

   258 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):

   259 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):

   260 #

   261 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009

   262 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =

   263 # Apr 23

   264 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200

   265 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =

   266 # Apr 24

   267 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800

   268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =

   269 # Aug 27

   270 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800

   271 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =

   272 # Aug 27

   273 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200

   274 #

   275 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=

   276 # :59)

   277 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/

   278 #

   279 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.

   280 #

   281 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263

   282 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53

   283 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/

   284 

   285 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):

   286 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth

   287 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday

   288 # in September.

   289 

   290 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):

   291 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet

   292 # Information and Decision Support Center:

   293 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html

   294 #

   295 # The Middle East News Agency

   296 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx

   297 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"

   298 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."

   299 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,

   300 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine

   301 # (at least today).

   302 

   303 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):

   304 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has

   305 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during

   306 # Ramadan.

   307 #

   308 # Arabic translation:

   309 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"

   310 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again

   311 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html

   312 

   313 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):

   314 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15

   315 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx

   316 

   317 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):

   318 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)

   319 

   320 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):

   321 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes

   322 # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at

   323 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...

   324 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...

   325 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to

   326 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,

   327 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,

   328 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve

   329 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been

   330 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...

   331 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258

   332 

   333 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):

   334 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says

   335 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited

   336 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is

   337 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:

   338 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833

   339 

   340 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):

   341 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.

   342 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last

   343 # Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but

   344 # dates not yet announced....

   345 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...

   346 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html

   347 

   348 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):

   349 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at

   350 # least for 2015.

   351 #

   352 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):

   353 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx

   354 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving

   355 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the

   356 # practice altogether in future years."

   357 #

   358 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):

   359 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his

   360 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.

   361 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx

   362 

   363 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):

   364 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....

   365 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx

   366 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):

   367 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,

   368 

   369 Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-

   370 Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-

   371 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-

   372 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S

   373 Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-

   374 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S

   375 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-

   376 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S

   377 Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-

   378 

   379 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   380 Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct

   381 			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT

   382 

   383 # Equatorial Guinea

   384 # See Africa/Lagos.

   385 

   386 # Eritrea

   387 # Ethiopia

   388 # See Africa/Nairobi.

   389 

   390 # Gabon

   391 # See Africa/Lagos.

   392 

   393 # Gambia

   394 # See Africa/Abidjan.

   395 

   396 # Ghana

   397 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   398 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";

   399 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;

   400 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:

   401 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,

   402 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.

   403 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.

   404 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST

   405 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT

   406 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   407 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918

   408 			 0:00	Ghana	GMT/+0020

   409 

   410 # Guinea

   411 # See Africa/Abidjan.

   412 

   413 # Guinea-Bissau

   414 #

   415 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,

   416 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree

   417 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

   418 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.

   419 #

   420 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   421 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1

   422 			-1:00	-	-01	1975

   423 			 0:00	-	GMT

   424 

   425 # Kenya

   426 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   427 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul

   428 			3:00	-	EAT	1930

   429 			2:30	-	+0230	1940

   430 			2:45	-	+0245	1960

   431 			3:00	-	EAT

   432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia

   433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea

   434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania

   435 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti

   436 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda

   437 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia

   438 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar

   439 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro

   440 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte

   441 

   442 # Lesotho

   443 # See Africa/Johannesburg.

   444 

   445 # Liberia

   446 #

   447 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):

   448 #

   449 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.

   450 #

   451 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset

   452 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on

   453 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:

   454 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of

   455 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.

   456 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.

   457 #

   458 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric

   459 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.

   460 #

   461 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   462 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882

   463 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time

   464 			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT

   465 			 0:00	-	GMT

   466 

   467 ###############################################################################

   468 

   469 # Libya

   470 

   471 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):

   472 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.

   473 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/

   474 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc

   475 #

   476 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in

   477 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html

   478 #

   479 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):

   480 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.

   481 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe

   482 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on

   483 # lastFri instead of lastSun).

   484 

   485 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):

   486 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was

   487 # cancelled yesterday....

   488 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/

   489 #

   490 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):

   491 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.

   492 

   493 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   494 Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S

   495 Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-

   496 Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S

   497 Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-

   498 Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S

   499 Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-

   500 Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S

   501 Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-

   502 Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S

   503 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S

   504 Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-

   505 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S

   506 Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-

   507 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S

   508 Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-

   509 Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S

   510 Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-

   511 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   512 Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920

   513 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959

   514 			2:00	-	EET	1982

   515 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4

   516 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;

   517 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.

   518 			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30

   519 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4

   520 			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00

   521 			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00

   522 			2:00	-	EET

   523 

   524 # Madagascar

   525 # See Africa/Nairobi.

   526 

   527 # Malawi

   528 # See Africa/Maputo.

   529 

   530 # Mali

   531 # Mauritania

   532 # See Africa/Abidjan.

   533 

   534 # Mauritius

   535 

   536 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):

   537 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial

   538 # basis....

   539 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to

   540 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....

   541 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html

   542 

   543 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):

   544 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

   545 

   546 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):

   547 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A

   548 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving

   549 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.

   550 

   551 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):

   552 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.

   553 

   554 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):

   555 # According to

   556 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216

   557 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier

   558 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start

   559 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time

   560 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).

   561 #

   562 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date

   563 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,

   564 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in

   565 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder

   566 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which

   567 # changes two days later.

   568 

   569 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):

   570 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving

   571 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally

   572 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...

   573 #

   574 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction

   575 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26

   576 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....

   577 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html

   578 

   579 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):

   580 # The Government of Mauritius weblink

   581 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

   582 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:

   583 #

   584 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly

   585 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in

   586 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of

   587 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United

   588 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the

   589 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on

   590 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the

   591 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008

   592 # and end on 29 March 2009.

   593 

   594 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):

   595 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the

   596 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the

   597 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.

   598 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf

   599 

   600 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):

   601 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe

   602 # DST the coming summer...

   603 #

   604 # Some sources, in French:

   605 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB

   606 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-

   607 #

   608 # Our wrap-up:

   609 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

   610 

   611 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):

   612 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:

   613 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour

   614 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."

   615 

   616 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   617 Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	S

   618 Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-

   619 Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S

   620 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-

   621 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   622 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis

   623 			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05

   624 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez

   625 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius

   626 

   627 # Mayotte

   628 # See Africa/Nairobi.

   629 

   630 # Morocco

   631 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).

   632 

   633 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):

   634 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between

   635 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.

   636 #

   637 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will

   638 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to

   639 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."

   640 #

   641 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html

   642 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html

   643 

   644 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):

   645 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe

   646 # Presse:

   647 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view

   648 #

   649 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.

   650 # spokesman.

   651 

   652 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):

   653 # According to this article:

   654 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html

   655 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)

   656 # the changes occur at midnight:

   657 #

   658 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be

   659 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)

   660 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight

   661 #

   662 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say

   663 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and

   664 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive

   665 # June 1st to Sept 27th.

   666 #

   667 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree

   668 # published on the web.

   669 #

   670 # It's also confirmed here:

   671 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm

   672 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet

   673 # posted in English).

   674 #

   675 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:

   676 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

   677 

   678 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):

   679 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31

   680 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end

   681 # of September:

   682 #

   683 # One article about it (in French):

   684 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default

   685 #

   686 # We have some further details posted here:

   687 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

   688 

   689 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):

   690 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according

   691 # to many sources, such as

   692 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html

   693 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312

   694 # (French)

   695 #

   696 # Our summary:

   697 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

   698 

   699 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):

   700 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,

   701 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics

   702 #

   703 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)

   704 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of

   705 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be

   706 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.

   707 #

   708 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf

   709 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html

   710 

   711 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):

   712 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization

   713 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from

   714 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.

   715 #

   716 # Example:

   717 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html

   718 # (French)

   719 # Our page:

   720 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

   721 

   722 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):

   723 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)

   724 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00

   725 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00

   726 # ...Official links of change in morocco

   727 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio

   728 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at

   729 # +212.537.71.84.00

   730 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/

   731 # They said that

   732 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view

   733 # is the official publication to look at.

   734 # They said that the decision was already taken.

   735 #

   736 # More articles in the press

   737 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html

   738 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923

   739 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim

   740 

   741 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):

   742 # They have it written in English here:

   743 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view

   744 #

   745 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,

   746 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of

   747 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has

   748 # also been like that in the past.

   749 

   750 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):

   751 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),

   752 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:

   753 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été

   754 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9

   755 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on

   756 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on

   757 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)

   758 # except the month of Ramadan.

   759 # or (brief)

   760 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html

   761 

   762 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):

   763 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in

   764 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;

   765 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.

   766 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about

   767 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.

   768 

   769 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):

   770 # Seen Morocco change again:

   771 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php

   772 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,

   773 # comme annoncé précédemment."

   774 

   775 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):

   776 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:

   777 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]

   778 #

   779 # Google translation, lightly edited:

   780 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)

   781 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,

   782 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the

   783 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry

   784 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return

   785 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until

   786 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from

   787 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes

   788 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.

   789 

   790 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):

   791 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be

   792 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government

   793 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be

   794 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see

   795 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288

   796 

   797 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):

   798 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings

   799 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:

   800 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10

   801 

   802 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):

   803 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day

   804 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for

   805 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00

   806 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official

   807 # source (French):

   808 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013

   809 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):

   810 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html

   811 

   812 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):

   813 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp

   814 

   815 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):

   816 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return

   817 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST

   818 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....

   819 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586

   820 

   821 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):

   822 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes

   823 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding

   824 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,

   825 # 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I

   826 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of

   827 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).

   828 # Source (french):

   829 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/

   830 #

   831 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):

   832 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863

   833 #

   834 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):

   835 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go

   836 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....

   837 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in

   838 # <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees

   839 # with the patch.

   840 

   841 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):

   842 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,

   843 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last

   844 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after

   845 # Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were

   846 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the

   847 # results integrated by hand into the table below.

   848 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))

   849 #   (require 'cal-islam)

   850 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)

   851 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))

   852 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))

   853 #           (sunday 0))

   854 #       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))

   855 #       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))

   856 #         (setq b (1+ b)))

   857 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))

   858 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))

   859 #       (insert

   860 #        (format

   861 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"

   862 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")

   863 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))

   864 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))

   865 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))

   866 

   867 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   868 

   869 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	S

   870 Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-

   871 Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	S

   872 Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-

   873 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	S

   874 Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-

   875 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S

   876 Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-

   877 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S

   878 Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-

   879 Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S

   880 Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-

   881 Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-

   882 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S

   883 Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-

   884 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S

   885 Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-

   886 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S

   887 Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-

   888 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	S

   889 Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-

   890 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	S

   891 Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-

   892 Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S

   893 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-

   894 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	S

   895 Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-

   896 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-

   897 Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	S

   898 Rule	Morocco	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-

   899 Rule	Morocco	2014	2021	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S

   900 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-

   901 Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	S

   902 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-

   903 Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	S

   904 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-

   905 Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	S

   906 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-

   907 Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	S

   908 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-

   909 Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	S

   910 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	0	-

   911 Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	1:00	S

   912 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	0	-

   913 Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	24	 2:00	1:00	S

   914 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	0	-

   915 Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	1:00	S

   916 Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	1:00	S

   917 Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	1:00	S

   918 Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	1:00	S

   919 Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	1:00	S

   920 Rule	Morocco	2026	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S

   921 Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	0	-

   922 Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	0	-

   923 

   924 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   925 Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26

   926 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT	1984 Mar 16

   927 			 1:00	-	CET	1986

   928 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT

   929 

   930 # Western Sahara

   931 #

   932 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):

   933 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters

   934 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as

   935 # Morocco does.

   936 #

   937 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):

   938 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,

   939 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.

   940 

   941 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún

   942 			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14

   943 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT

   944 

   945 # Mozambique

   946 #

   947 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.

   948 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree

   949 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf

   950 # merely made it official?

   951 #

   952 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   953 Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar

   954 			2:00	-	CAT

   955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi

   956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi

   957 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone	# Botswana

   958 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare	# Zimbabwe

   959 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali	# Rwanda

   960 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi	# E Dem. Rep. of Congo

   961 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia

   962 

   963 # Namibia

   964 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.

   965 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.

   966 

   967 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):

   968 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html

   969 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other

   970 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there

   971 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of

   972 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of

   973 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest

   974 # of the country.

   975 #

   976 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):

   977 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally

   978 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.

   979 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.

   980 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.

   981 # http://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers

   982 

   983 # RULE	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

   984 Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S

   985 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-

   986 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

   987 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8

   988 			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar

   989 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00

   990 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00

   991 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence

   992 			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Apr  3

   993 			1:00	Namibia	WA%sT

   994 

   995 # Niger

   996 # See Africa/Lagos.

   997 

   998 # Nigeria

   999 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

  1000 Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep

  1001 			1:00	-	WAT

  1002 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic

  1003 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo

  1004 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon

  1005 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)

  1006 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon

  1007 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola

  1008 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea

  1009 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger

  1010 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin

  1011 

  1012 # Réunion

  1013 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

  1014 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis

  1015 			4:00	-	+04

  1016 #

  1017 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.

  1018 #

  1019 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.

  1020 # The following information about them is taken from

  1021 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,

  1022 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).

  1023 # We have no info about their time zone histories.

  1024 #

  1025 # Bassas da India - uninhabited

  1026 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families

  1027 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958

  1028 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited

  1029 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958

  1030 

  1031 # Rwanda

  1032 # See Africa/Maputo.

  1033 

  1034 # St Helena

  1035 # See Africa/Abidjan.

  1036 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:

  1037 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA

  1038 #	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA

  1039 #	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):

  1040 #		on GMT, says the CIA

  1041 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited

  1042 

  1043 # São Tomé and Príncipe

  1044 # Senegal

  1045 # See Africa/Abidjan.

  1046 

  1047 # Seychelles

  1048 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

  1049 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria

  1050 			4:00	-	+04

  1051 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):

  1052 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the

  1053 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory

  1054 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know

  1055 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.

  1056 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.

  1057 

  1058 # Sierra Leone

  1059 # See Africa/Abidjan.

  1060 

  1061 # Somalia

  1062 # See Africa/Nairobi.

  1063 

  1064 # South Africa

  1065 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

  1066 Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-

  1067 Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-

  1068 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

  1069 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8

  1070 			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar

  1071 			2:00	SA	SAST

  1072 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru	   # Lesotho

  1073 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland

  1074 #

  1075 # Marion and Prince Edward Is

  1076 # scientific station since 1947

  1077 # no information

  1078 

  1079 # Sudan

  1080 #

  1081 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>

  1082 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),

  1083 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:

  1084 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon

  1085 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for

  1086 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.

  1087 #

  1088 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S

  1089 Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S

  1090 Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-

  1091 Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S

  1092 Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S

  1093 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]

  1094 Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931

  1095 			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00

  1096 			3:00	-	EAT

  1097 

  1098 # South Sudan

  1099 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba

  1100 

  1101 # Swaziland

  1102 # See Africa/Johannesburg.

  1103 

  1104 # Tanzania

  1105 # See Africa/Nairobi.

  1106 

  1107 # Togo

  1108 # See Africa/Abidjan.

  1109 

  1110 # Tunisia

  1111 

  1112 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):

  1113 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,

  1114 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News

  1115 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP

  1116 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by

  1117 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be

  1118 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next

  1119 # Saturday."  (My translation)

  1120 #

  1121 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):

  1122 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...

  1123 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html

  1124 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,

  1125 # 1h standard time.

  1126 #

  1127 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):

  1128 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:

  1129 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00

  1130 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...

  1131 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50

  1132 

  1133 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):

  1134 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.