58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition |
58 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition |
59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> |
59 # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> |
60 # [PDF] (1914-03) |
60 # [PDF] (1914-03) |
61 # |
61 # |
62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 |
62 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 |
63 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: |
63 # <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: |
64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables |
64 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables |
65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, |
65 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, |
66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. |
66 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. |
67 # |
67 # |
68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. |
68 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. |
69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see |
69 # This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see |
70 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html |
70 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html |
71 # The full Russian citation is: |
71 # The full Russian citation is: |
72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток |
72 # Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток |
73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го |
73 # введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го |
74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: |
74 # июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: |
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. |
75 # Десятая гос. тип., 1919. |
208 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which |
208 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which |
209 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the |
209 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the |
210 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. |
210 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. |
211 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; |
211 # -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; |
212 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 |
212 # republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 |
213 # http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf |
213 # https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill |
214 |
214 |
215 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): |
215 # From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): |
216 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" |
216 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" |
217 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this |
217 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this |
218 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the |
218 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the |
246 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
246 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir |
247 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any |
247 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any |
248 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't |
248 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't |
249 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British |
249 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British |
250 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. |
250 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. |
251 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
251 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
252 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
252 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
253 |
253 |
254 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): |
254 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): |
255 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time |
255 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time |
256 # which is to be introduced in May.... |
256 # which is to be introduced in May.... |
257 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" |
257 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" |
264 |
264 |
265 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
265 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
266 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
266 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
267 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
267 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
268 # and extending this list, which can be found in |
268 # and extending this list, which can be found in |
269 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ |
269 # https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ |
270 |
270 |
271 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
271 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
272 # |
272 # |
273 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; |
273 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; |
274 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech |
274 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech |
275 # http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 |
275 # https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 |
276 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). |
276 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). |
277 |
277 |
278 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
278 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
279 # |
279 # |
280 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. |
280 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. |
316 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that |
316 # was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that |
317 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed |
317 # would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed |
318 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." |
318 # Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." |
319 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. |
319 # -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. |
320 # Irish Times 2014-10-27. |
320 # Irish Times 2014-10-27. |
321 # http://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 |
321 # https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 |
322 |
322 |
323 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
323 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): |
324 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. |
324 # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. |
325 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: |
325 # These include various relating to legal time, for example: |
326 # |
326 # |
368 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. |
368 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. |
369 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate |
369 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate |
370 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of |
370 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of |
371 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is |
371 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is |
372 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". |
372 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". |
|
373 |
|
374 # Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's |
|
375 # Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: |
|
376 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print.html |
|
377 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print.html |
|
378 # http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print.html |
373 |
379 |
374 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
380 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
375 # Summer Time Act, 1916 |
381 # Summer Time Act, 1916 |
376 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
382 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST |
377 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT |
383 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT |
493 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey |
499 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey |
494 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man |
500 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man |
495 |
501 |
496 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
502 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
497 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
503 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
498 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT |
504 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s # Dublin MT |
499 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
505 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
500 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
506 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
501 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 |
507 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s |
502 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 |
508 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s |
503 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 |
509 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s |
504 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 |
510 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s |
505 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
511 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s |
506 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
512 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 |
507 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
513 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
508 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 |
514 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 |
509 0:00 EU GMT/IST |
515 0:00 EU GMT/IST |
510 |
516 |
646 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of |
652 # Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of |
647 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the |
653 # Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the |
648 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. |
654 # Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. |
649 # |
655 # |
650 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have |
656 # I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have |
651 # title at http://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : |
657 # title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : |
652 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of |
658 # "About change in calculation of time on the territories of |
653 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, |
659 # Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, |
654 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". |
660 # Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". |
655 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to |
661 # And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to |
656 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules |
662 # contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules |
677 # |
683 # |
678 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): |
684 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): |
679 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 |
685 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 |
680 # |
686 # |
681 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): |
687 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): |
682 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html |
688 # https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html |
683 |
689 |
684 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): |
690 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): |
685 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered |
691 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered |
686 # to be standard. |
692 # to be standard. |
687 |
693 |
804 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). |
810 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). |
805 # |
811 # |
806 # Sources (Russian language): |
812 # Sources (Russian language): |
807 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html |
813 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html |
808 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ |
814 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ |
809 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html |
815 # https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html |
810 # |
816 # |
811 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): |
817 # From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): |
812 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... |
818 # Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... |
813 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html |
819 # http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html |
814 # |
820 # |
1125 # |
1131 # |
1126 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation |
1132 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation |
1127 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" |
1133 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" |
1128 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). |
1134 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). |
1129 |
1135 |
1130 # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) |
1136 # From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) |
1131 # via Steffen Thorsen: |
1137 # via Steffen Thorsen: |
1132 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, |
1138 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, |
1133 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... |
1139 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... |
1134 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European |
1140 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European |
1135 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory |
1141 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory |
1177 # according to the central European standards. |
1183 # according to the central European standards. |
1178 # |
1184 # |
1179 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac |
1185 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac |
1180 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in |
1186 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in |
1181 # Finnish) at |
1187 # Finnish) at |
1182 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf |
1188 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf |
1183 # |
1189 # |
1184 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings |
1190 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings |
1185 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. |
1191 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. |
1186 # |
1192 # |
1187 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: |
1193 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: |
1190 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not |
1196 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not |
1191 # exist tonight." |
1197 # exist tonight." |
1192 |
1198 |
1193 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): |
1199 # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): |
1194 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] |
1200 # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] |
1195 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf |
1201 # https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf |
1196 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 |
1202 # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 |
1197 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, |
1203 # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, |
1198 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper |
1204 # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper |
1199 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... |
1205 # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... |
1200 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. |
1206 # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. |
1320 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. |
1326 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. |
1321 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1327 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1322 |
1328 |
1323 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): |
1329 # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): |
1324 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by |
1330 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by |
1325 # http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ |
1331 # https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ |
1326 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. |
1332 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin. |
1327 |
1333 |
1328 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): |
1334 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): |
1329 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf |
1335 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf |
1330 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. |
1336 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. |
1545 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. |
1551 # Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. |
1546 # |
1552 # |
1547 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): |
1553 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): |
1548 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 |
1554 # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 |
1549 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. |
1555 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. |
1550 # Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 |
1556 # Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 |
1551 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it |
1557 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it |
1552 # was effectively controlled by Germany. |
1558 # was effectively controlled by Germany. |
1553 # |
1559 # |
1554 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1560 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1555 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S |
1561 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S |
1860 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own |
1866 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own |
1861 # decision to abolish DST this winter. |
1867 # decision to abolish DST this winter. |
1862 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- |
1868 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- |
1863 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. |
1869 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. |
1864 # News from Moldova (in russian): |
1870 # News from Moldova (in russian): |
1865 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html |
1871 # https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html |
1866 |
1872 |
1867 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): |
1873 # From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): |
1868 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 |
1874 # http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 |
1869 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): |
1875 # From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): |
1870 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that |
1876 # The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that |
1871 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, |
1877 # 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, |
1872 # http://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara |
1878 # https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara |
1873 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. |
1879 # says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. |
1874 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. |
1880 # Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. |
1875 |
1881 |
1876 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1882 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1877 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S |
1883 Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S |
1939 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it |
1945 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it |
1940 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe |
1946 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe |
1941 # Amsterdam mean time. |
1947 # Amsterdam mean time. |
1942 |
1948 |
1943 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from |
1949 # The data entries before 1945 are taken from |
1944 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm |
1950 # https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm |
1945 |
1951 |
1946 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1952 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
1947 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
1953 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time |
1948 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
1954 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
1949 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1955 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST |
2020 # |
2026 # |
2021 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, |
2027 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, |
2022 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
2028 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was |
2023 # keeping Berlin time. |
2029 # keeping Berlin time. |
2024 # |
2030 # |
2025 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists |
2031 # <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists |
2026 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in |
2032 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in |
2027 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite |
2033 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite |
2028 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a |
2034 # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a |
2029 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly |
2035 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly |
2030 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that |
2036 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that |
2058 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
2064 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. |
2059 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
2065 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
2060 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
2066 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
2061 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
2067 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, |
2062 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., |
2068 # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., |
2063 # http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 |
2069 # https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 |
2064 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. |
2070 # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. |
2065 # He also gives these further references: |
2071 # He also gives these further references: |
2066 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> |
2072 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> |
2067 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> |
2073 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> |
2068 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S |
2074 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S |
2092 |
2098 |
2093 # Portugal |
2099 # Portugal |
2094 # |
2100 # |
2095 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: |
2101 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: |
2096 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) |
2102 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) |
2097 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf |
2103 # https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf |
2098 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. |
2104 # Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. |
2099 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees |
2105 # Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees |
2100 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for |
2106 # with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for |
2101 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. |
2107 # Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. |
2102 # |
2108 # |
2274 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ |
2280 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ |
2275 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, |
2281 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, |
2276 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. |
2282 # 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. |
2277 # |
2283 # |
2278 # Another source is |
2284 # Another source is |
2279 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html |
2285 # https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html |
2280 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the |
2286 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the |
2281 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also |
2287 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also |
2282 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: |
2288 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: |
2283 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which |
2289 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which |
2284 # does not contain any "effective date" information. |
2290 # does not contain any "effective date" information. |
2285 # |
2291 # |
2286 # Another source is |
2292 # Another source is |
2287 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 |
2293 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 |
2288 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... |
2294 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... |
2289 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" |
2295 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" |
2290 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. |
2296 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. |
2291 # |
2297 # |
2292 # The Wikipedia article refers to |
2298 # The Wikipedia article refers to |
2318 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): |
2324 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): |
2319 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) |
2325 # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) |
2320 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 |
2326 # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 |
2321 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 |
2327 # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 |
2322 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 |
2328 # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 |
2323 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: |
2329 # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: |
2324 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html |
2330 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html |
2325 |
2331 |
2326 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
2332 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): |
2327 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
2333 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
2328 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, |
2334 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, |
2365 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
2371 # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): |
2366 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist |
2372 # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist |
2367 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions |
2373 # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions |
2368 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative |
2374 # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative |
2369 # listing. The region codes listed come from |
2375 # listing. The region codes listed come from |
2370 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 |
2376 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 |
2371 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their |
2377 # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their |
2372 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level |
2378 # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level |
2373 # divisions where available. |
2379 # divisions where available. |
2374 |
2380 |
2375 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2381 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2530 # |
2536 # |
2531 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. |
2537 # And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. |
2532 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 |
2538 # http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 |
2533 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the |
2539 # says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the |
2534 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at |
2540 # 1991-03-31 switch and one person at |
2535 # http://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html |
2541 # https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html |
2536 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception |
2542 # says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception |
2537 # 2 days before the switch. |
2543 # 2 days before the switch. |
2538 # |
2544 # |
2539 # |
2545 # |
2540 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): |
2546 # From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): |
2602 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. |
2608 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. |
2603 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
2609 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 |
2604 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
2610 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
2605 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): |
2611 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): |
2606 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 |
2612 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 |
2607 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html |
2613 # https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html |
2608 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): |
2614 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): |
2609 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks |
2615 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks |
2610 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial |
2616 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial |
2611 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. |
2617 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. |
2612 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 |
2618 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 |
2785 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 |
2791 # Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 |
2786 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm |
2792 # http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm |
2787 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on |
2793 # suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on |
2788 # 1995-05-28. |
2794 # 1995-05-28. |
2789 # |
2795 # |
2790 # http://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html |
2796 # https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html |
2791 # has some historical data for Altai Krai: |
2797 # has some historical data for Altai Krai: |
2792 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 |
2798 # before 1957: west part on UTC+6, east on UTC+7 |
2793 # after 1957: UTC+7 |
2799 # after 1957: UTC+7 |
2794 # since 1995: UTC+6 |
2800 # since 1995: UTC+6 |
2795 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html |
2801 # http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html |
3159 # |
3165 # |
3160 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these |
3166 # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these |
3161 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently |
3167 # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently |
3162 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females |
3168 # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females |
3163 # each! (Yikes!) |
3169 # each! (Yikes!) |
3164 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 |
3170 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 |
3165 # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 |
3171 # https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 |
3166 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. |
3172 # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. |
3167 # |
3173 # |
3168 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have |
3174 # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have |
3169 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the |
3175 # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the |
3170 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most |
3176 # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most |
3481 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. |
3487 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. |
3482 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. |
3488 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. |
3483 # |
3489 # |
3484 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): |
3490 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): |
3485 # The Federal regulations say |
3491 # The Federal regulations say |
3486 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html |
3492 # https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html |
3487 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". |
3493 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". |
3488 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. |
3494 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. |
3489 |
3495 |
3490 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): |
3496 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): |
3491 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) |
3497 # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) |
3558 |
3564 |
3559 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): |
3565 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): |
3560 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer |
3566 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer |
3561 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. |
3567 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. |
3562 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. |
3568 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. |
3563 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 |
3569 # https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 |
3564 # Turkish: |
3570 # Turkish: |
3565 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 |
3571 # https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 |
3566 |
3572 |
3567 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): |
3573 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): |
3568 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the |
3574 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the |
3569 # Turkish Local election.... |
3575 # Turkish Local election.... |
3570 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik |
3576 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik |
3696 # |
3702 # |
3697 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) |
3703 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) |
3698 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html |
3704 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html |
3699 # |
3705 # |
3700 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) |
3706 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) |
3701 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ |
3707 # https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ |
3702 # |
3708 # |
3703 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): |
3709 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): |
3704 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the |
3710 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the |
3705 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter |
3711 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter |
3706 # time this year after all. |
3712 # time this year after all. |