/*

 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

package java.sql;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Enumeration;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.ServiceLoader;

import java.security.AccessController;

import java.security.PrivilegedAction;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

import java.util.stream.Stream;

import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;

import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;

/**

 * The basic service for managing a set of JDBC drivers.

 * <p>

 * <strong>NOTE:</strong> The {@link javax.sql.DataSource} interface, provides

 * another way to connect to a data source.

 * The use of a {@code DataSource} object is the preferred means of

 * connecting to a data source.

 * <P>

 * As part of its initialization, the {@code DriverManager} class will

 * attempt to load available JDBC drivers by using:

 * <ul>

 * <li>The {@code jdbc.drivers} system property which contains a

 * colon separated list of fully qualified class names of JDBC drivers. Each

 * driver is loaded using the {@linkplain ClassLoader#getSystemClassLoader

 * system class loader}:

 * <ul>

 * <li>{@code jdbc.drivers=foo.bah.Driver:wombat.sql.Driver:bad.taste.ourDriver}

 * </ul>

 *

 * <li>Service providers of the {@code java.sql.Driver} class, that are loaded

 * via the {@linkplain ServiceLoader#load service-provider loading} mechanism.

 *</ul>

 *

 * @implNote

 * {@code DriverManager} initialization is done lazily and looks up service

 * providers using the thread context class loader.  The drivers loaded and

 * available to an application will depend on the thread context class loader of

 * the thread that triggers driver initialization by {@code DriverManager}.

 *

 * <P>When the method {@code getConnection} is called,

 * the {@code DriverManager} will attempt to

 * locate a suitable driver from amongst those loaded at

 * initialization and those loaded explicitly using the same class loader

 * as the current application.

 *

 * @see Driver

 * @see Connection

 * @since 1.1

 */

public class DriverManager {

    // List of registered JDBC drivers

    private final static CopyOnWriteArrayList<DriverInfo> registeredDrivers = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

    private static volatile int loginTimeout = 0;

    private static volatile java.io.PrintWriter logWriter = null;

    private static volatile java.io.PrintStream logStream = null;

    // Used in println() to synchronize logWriter

    private final static Object logSync = new Object();

    // Used in ensureDriversInitialized() to synchronize driversInitialized

    private final static Object lockForInitDrivers = new Object();

    private static volatile boolean driversInitialized;

    private static final String JDBC_DRIVERS_PROPERTY = "jdbc.drivers";

    /* Prevent the DriverManager class from being instantiated. */

    private DriverManager(){}

    /**

     * The <code>SQLPermission</code> constant that allows the

     * setting of the logging stream.

     * @since 1.3

     */

    final static SQLPermission SET_LOG_PERMISSION =

        new SQLPermission("setLog");

    /**

     * The {@code SQLPermission} constant that allows the

     * un-register a registered JDBC driver.

     * @since 1.8

     */

    final static SQLPermission DEREGISTER_DRIVER_PERMISSION =

        new SQLPermission("deregisterDriver");

    //--------------------------JDBC 2.0-----------------------------

    /**

     * Retrieves the log writer.

     *

     * The <code>getLogWriter</code> and <code>setLogWriter</code>

     * methods should be used instead

     * of the <code>get/setlogStream</code> methods, which are deprecated.

     * @return a <code>java.io.PrintWriter</code> object

     * @see #setLogWriter

     * @since 1.2

     */

    public static java.io.PrintWriter getLogWriter() {

            return logWriter;

    }

    /**

     * Sets the logging/tracing <code>PrintWriter</code> object

     * that is used by the <code>DriverManager</code> and all drivers.

     *<P>

     * If a security manager exists, its {@code checkPermission}

     * method is first called with a {@code SQLPermission("setLog")}

     * permission to check that the caller is allowed to call {@code setLogWriter}.

     *

     * @param out the new logging/tracing <code>PrintStream</code> object;

     *      <code>null</code> to disable logging and tracing

     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     * {@code checkPermission} method denies permission to set the log writer.

     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission

     * @see #getLogWriter

     * @since 1.2

     */

    public static void setLogWriter(java.io.PrintWriter out) {

        SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (sec != null) {

            sec.checkPermission(SET_LOG_PERMISSION);

        }

            logStream = null;

            logWriter = out;

    }

    //---------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL.

     * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from

     * the set of registered JDBC drivers.

     *<p>

     * <B>Note:</B> If a property is specified as part of the {@code url} and

     * is also specified in the {@code Properties} object, it is

     * implementation-defined as to which value will take precedence.

     * For maximum portability, an application should only specify a

     * property once.

     *

     * @param url a database url of the form

     * <code> jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code>

     * @param info a list of arbitrary string tag/value pairs as

     * connection arguments; normally at least a "user" and

     * "password" property should be included

     * @return a Connection to the URL

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is

     * {@code null}

     * @throws SQLTimeoutException  when the driver has determined that the

     * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method

     * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the

     * current database connection attempt

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Connection getConnection(String url,

        java.util.Properties info) throws SQLException {

        return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass()));

    }

    /**

     * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL.

     * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from

     * the set of registered JDBC drivers.

     *<p>

     * <B>Note:</B> If the {@code user} or {@code password} property are

     * also specified as part of the {@code url}, it is

     * implementation-defined as to which value will take precedence.

     * For maximum portability, an application should only specify a

     * property once.

     *

     * @param url a database url of the form

     * <code>jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code>

     * @param user the database user on whose behalf the connection is being

     *   made

     * @param password the user's password

     * @return a connection to the URL

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is

     * {@code null}

     * @throws SQLTimeoutException  when the driver has determined that the

     * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method

     * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the

     * current database connection attempt

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Connection getConnection(String url,

        String user, String password) throws SQLException {

        java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties();

        if (user != null) {

            info.put("user", user);

        }

        if (password != null) {

            info.put("password", password);

        }

        return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass()));

    }

    /**

     * Attempts to establish a connection to the given database URL.

     * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from

     * the set of registered JDBC drivers.

     *

     * @param url a database url of the form

     *  <code> jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code>

     * @return a connection to the URL

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs or the url is

     * {@code null}

     * @throws SQLTimeoutException  when the driver has determined that the

     * timeout value specified by the {@code setLoginTimeout} method

     * has been exceeded and has at least tried to cancel the

     * current database connection attempt

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Connection getConnection(String url)

        throws SQLException {

        java.util.Properties info = new java.util.Properties();

        return (getConnection(url, info, Reflection.getCallerClass()));

    }

    /**

     * Attempts to locate a driver that understands the given URL.

     * The <code>DriverManager</code> attempts to select an appropriate driver from

     * the set of registered JDBC drivers.

     *

     * @param url a database URL of the form

     *     <code>jdbc:<em>subprotocol</em>:<em>subname</em></code>

     * @return a <code>Driver</code> object representing a driver

     * that can connect to the given URL

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Driver getDriver(String url)

        throws SQLException {

        println("DriverManager.getDriver(\"" + url + "\")");

        ensureDriversInitialized();

        Class<?> callerClass = Reflection.getCallerClass();

        // Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers attempting to locate someone

        // who understands the given URL.

        for (DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) {

            // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then

            // skip it.

            if (isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerClass)) {

                try {

                    if (aDriver.driver.acceptsURL(url)) {

                        // Success!

                        println("getDriver returning " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName());

                    return (aDriver.driver);

                    }

                } catch(SQLException sqe) {

                    // Drop through and try the next driver.

                }

            } else {

                println("    skipping: " + aDriver.driver.getClass().getName());

            }

        }

        println("getDriver: no suitable driver");

        throw new SQLException("No suitable driver", "08001");

    }

    /**

     * Registers the given driver with the {@code DriverManager}.

     * A newly-loaded driver class should call

     * the method {@code registerDriver} to make itself

     * known to the {@code DriverManager}. If the driver is currently

     * registered, no action is taken.

     *

     * @param driver the new JDBC Driver that is to be registered with the

     *               {@code DriverManager}

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs

     * @exception NullPointerException if {@code driver} is null

     */

    public static void registerDriver(java.sql.Driver driver)

        throws SQLException {

        registerDriver(driver, null);

    }

    /**

     * Registers the given driver with the {@code DriverManager}.

     * A newly-loaded driver class should call

     * the method {@code registerDriver} to make itself

     * known to the {@code DriverManager}. If the driver is currently

     * registered, no action is taken.

     *

     * @param driver the new JDBC Driver that is to be registered with the

     *               {@code DriverManager}

     * @param da     the {@code DriverAction} implementation to be used when

     *               {@code DriverManager#deregisterDriver} is called

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs

     * @exception NullPointerException if {@code driver} is null

     * @since 1.8

     */

    public static void registerDriver(java.sql.Driver driver,

            DriverAction da)

        throws SQLException {

        /* Register the driver if it has not already been added to our list */

        if (driver != null) {

            registeredDrivers.addIfAbsent(new DriverInfo(driver, da));

        } else {

            // This is for compatibility with the original DriverManager

            throw new NullPointerException();

        }

        println("registerDriver: " + driver);

    }

    /**

     * Removes the specified driver from the {@code DriverManager}'s list of

     * registered drivers.

     * <p>

     * If a {@code null} value is specified for the driver to be removed, then no

     * action is taken.

     * <p>

     * If a security manager exists, its {@code checkPermission}

     * method is first called with a {@code SQLPermission("deregisterDriver")}

     * permission to check that the caller is allowed to deregister a JDBC Driver.

     * <p>

     * If the specified driver is not found in the list of registered drivers,

     * then no action is taken.  If the driver was found, it will be removed

     * from the list of registered drivers.

     * <p>

     * If a {@code DriverAction} instance was specified when the JDBC driver was

     * registered, its deregister method will be called

     * prior to the driver being removed from the list of registered drivers.

     *

     * @param driver the JDBC Driver to remove

     * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs

     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     * {@code checkPermission} method denies permission to deregister a driver.

     *

     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static void deregisterDriver(Driver driver) throws SQLException {

        if (driver == null) {

            return;

        }

        SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (sec != null) {

            sec.checkPermission(DEREGISTER_DRIVER_PERMISSION);

        }

        println("DriverManager.deregisterDriver: " + driver);

        DriverInfo aDriver = new DriverInfo(driver, null);

        synchronized (lockForInitDrivers) {

            if (registeredDrivers.contains(aDriver)) {

                if (isDriverAllowed(driver, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {

                    DriverInfo di = registeredDrivers.get(registeredDrivers.indexOf(aDriver));

                     // If a DriverAction was specified, Call it to notify the

                     // driver that it has been deregistered

                     if (di.action() != null) {

                         di.action().deregister();

                     }

                     registeredDrivers.remove(aDriver);

                } else {

                    // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then

                    // throw a SecurityException.

                    throw new SecurityException();

                }

            } else {

                println("    couldn't find driver to unload");

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * Retrieves an Enumeration with all of the currently loaded JDBC drivers

     * to which the current caller has access.

     *

     * <P><B>Note:</B> The classname of a driver can be found using

     * <CODE>d.getClass().getName()</CODE>

     *

     * @return the list of JDBC Drivers loaded by the caller's class loader

     * @see #drivers()

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Enumeration<Driver> getDrivers() {

        ensureDriversInitialized();

        return Collections.enumeration(getDrivers(Reflection.getCallerClass()));

    }

    /**

     * Retrieves a Stream with all of the currently loaded JDBC drivers

     * to which the current caller has access.

     *

     * @return the stream of JDBC Drivers loaded by the caller's class loader

     * @since 9

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    public static Stream<Driver> drivers() {

        ensureDriversInitialized();

        return getDrivers(Reflection.getCallerClass()).stream();

    }

    private static List<Driver> getDrivers(Class<?> callerClass) {

        List<Driver> result = new ArrayList<>();

        // Walk through the loaded registeredDrivers.

        for (DriverInfo aDriver : registeredDrivers) {

            // If the caller does not have permission to load the driver then

            // skip it.

            if (isDriverAllowed(aDriver.driver, callerClass)) {

                result.add(aDriver.driver);

            } else {

                println("    skipping: " + aDriver.getClass().getName());

            }

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * Sets the maximum time in seconds that a driver will wait

     * while attempting to connect to a database once the driver has

     * been identified.

     *

     * @param seconds the login time limit in seconds; zero means there is no limit

     * @see #getLoginTimeout

     */

    public static void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) {

        loginTimeout = seconds;

    }

    /**

     * Gets the maximum time in seconds that a driver can wait

     * when attempting to log in to a database.

     *

     * @return the driver login time limit in seconds

     * @see #setLoginTimeout

     */

    public static int getLoginTimeout() {

        return (loginTimeout);

    }

    /**

     * Sets the logging/tracing PrintStream that is used

     * by the <code>DriverManager</code>

     * and all drivers.

     *<P>

     * If a security manager exists, its {@code checkPermission}

     * method is first called with a {@code SQLPermission("setLog")}

     * permission to check that the caller is allowed to call {@code setLogStream}.

     *

     * @param out the new logging/tracing PrintStream; to disable, set to <code>null</code>

     * @deprecated Use {@code setLogWriter}

     * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its

     * {@code checkPermission} method denies permission to set the log stream.

     * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission

     * @see #getLogStream

     */

    @Deprecated(since="1.2")

    public static void setLogStream(java.io.PrintStream out) {

        SecurityManager sec = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (sec != null) {