/*

 * Copyright (c) 1998, 2006, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

/**

 * Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java

 * programming language. The most important classes are {@code

 * Object}, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and {@code

 * Class}, instances of which represent classes at run time.

 *

 * <p>Frequently it is necessary to represent a value of primitive

 * type as if it were an object. The wrapper classes {@code Boolean},

 * {@code Character}, {@code Integer}, {@code Long}, {@code Float},

 * and {@code Double} serve this purpose.  An object of type {@code

 * Double}, for example, contains a field whose type is double,

 * representing that value in such a way that a reference to it can be

 * stored in a variable of reference type.  These classes also provide

 * a number of methods for converting among primitive values, as well

 * as supporting such standard methods as equals and hashCode.  The

 * {@code Void} class is a non-instantiable class that holds a

 * reference to a {@code Class} object representing the type void.

 *

 * <p>The class {@code Math} provides commonly used mathematical

 * functions such as sine, cosine, and square root. The classes {@code

 * String}, {@code StringBuffer}, and {@code StringBuilder} similarly

 * provide commonly used operations on character strings.

 *

 * <p>Classes {@code ClassLoader}, {@code Process}, {@code

 * ProcessBuilder}, {@code Runtime}, {@code SecurityManager}, and

 * {@code System} provide "system operations" that manage the dynamic

 * loading of classes, creation of external processes, host

 * environment inquiries such as the time of day, and enforcement of

 * security policies.

 *

 * <p>Class {@code Throwable} encompasses objects that may be thrown

 * by the {@code throw} statement. Subclasses of {@code Throwable}

 * represent errors and exceptions.

 *

 * <a name="charenc"></a>

 * <h3>Character Encodings</h3>

 *

 * The specification of the {@link java.nio.charset.Charset

 * java.nio.charset.Charset} class describes the naming conventions

 * for character encodings as well as the set of standard encodings

 * that must be supported by every implementation of the Java

 * platform.

 *

 * @since 1.0

 */

package java.lang;