jdk/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ConcurrentModificationException.java
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/*
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 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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 *
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 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
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 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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 *
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 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
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 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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 * accompanied this code).
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 *
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 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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 *
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 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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 * questions.
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 */
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package java.util;
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/**
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 * This exception may be thrown by methods that have detected concurrent
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 * modification of an object when such modification is not permissible.
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 * <p>
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 * For example, it is not generally permissible for one thread to modify a Collection
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 * while another thread is iterating over it.  In general, the results of the
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 * iteration are undefined under these circumstances.  Some Iterator
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 * implementations (including those of all the general purpose collection implementations
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 * provided by the JRE) may choose to throw this exception if this behavior is
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 * detected.  Iterators that do this are known as <i>fail-fast</i> iterators,
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 * as they fail quickly and cleanly, rather that risking arbitrary,
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 * non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.
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 * <p>
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 * Note that this exception does not always indicate that an object has
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 * been concurrently modified by a <i>different</i> thread.  If a single
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 * thread issues a sequence of method invocations that violates the
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 * contract of an object, the object may throw this exception.  For
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 * example, if a thread modifies a collection directly while it is
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 * iterating over the collection with a fail-fast iterator, the iterator
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 * will throw this exception.
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 *
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 * <p>Note that fail-fast behavior cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally
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 * speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of
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 * unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast operations
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 * throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
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 * Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
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 * exception for its correctness: <i>{@code ConcurrentModificationException}
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 * should be used only to detect bugs.</i>
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 *
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 * @author  Josh Bloch
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 * @see     Collection
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 * @see     Iterator
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 * @see     Spliterator
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 * @see     ListIterator
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 * @see     Vector
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 * @see     LinkedList
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 * @see     HashSet
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 * @see     Hashtable
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 * @see     TreeMap
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 * @see     AbstractList
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 * @since   1.2
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 */
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public class ConcurrentModificationException extends RuntimeException {
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    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3666751008965953603L;
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    /**
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     * Constructs a ConcurrentModificationException with no
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     * detail message.
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     */
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    public ConcurrentModificationException() {
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    }
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    /**
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     * Constructs a {@code ConcurrentModificationException} with the
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     * specified detail message.
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     *
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     * @param message the detail message pertaining to this exception.
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     */
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    public ConcurrentModificationException(String message) {
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        super(message);
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    }
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    /**
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     * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
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     * message of {@code (cause==null ? null : cause.toString())} (which
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     * typically contains the class and detail message of {@code cause}.
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     *
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     * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
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     *         {@link Throwable#getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value is
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     *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
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     *         unknown.)
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     * @since  1.7
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     */
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    public ConcurrentModificationException(Throwable cause) {
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        super(cause);
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    }
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    /**
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     * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
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     * cause.
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     *
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     * <p>Note that the detail message associated with <code>cause</code> is
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     * <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in this exception's detail
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     * message.
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     *
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     * @param  message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
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     *         by the {@link Throwable#getMessage()} method).
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     * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
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     *         {@link Throwable#getCause()} method).  (A {@code null} value
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     *         is permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
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     *         unknown.)
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     * @since 1.7
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     */
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    public ConcurrentModificationException(String message, Throwable cause) {
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        super(message, cause);
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    }
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}