.'" t

." Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.

." DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

."

." This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

." under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

." published by the Free Software Foundation.

."

." This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

." ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

." FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

." version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

." accompanied this code).

."

." You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

." 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

." Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

."

." Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,

." CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or

." have any questions.

." ` 

.TH keytool 1 "07 Aug 2006"

." Generated by html2man

.LP

.SH NAME

keytool \- Key and Certificate Management Tool

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

Manages a keystore (database) of cryptographic keys, X.509 certificate chains, and trusted certificates.

.RE

.SH "SYNOPSIS"

.LP

.LP

.nf

\f3

.fl

\fP\f3keytool\fP [ commands ]

.fl

.fi

.LP

.LP

The keytool command interface has changed in Java SE 6. See the Changes Section for a detailed description. Note that previously defined commands are still supported.

.LP

.SH "DESCRIPTION"

.LP

.LP

\f3keytool\fP is a key and certificate management utility. It allows users to administer their own public/private key pairs and associated certificates for use in self\-authentication (where the user authenticates himself/herself to other users/services) or data integrity and authentication services, using digital signatures. It also allows users to cache the public keys (in the form of certificates) of their communicating peers. 

.LP

A \f2certificate\fP is a digitally signed statement from one entity (person, company, etc.), saying that the public key (and some other information) of some other entity has a particular value. (See Certificates.) When data is digitally signed, the signature can be verified to check the data integrity and authenticity. \f2Integrity\fP means that the data has not been modified or tampered with, and \f2authenticity\fP means the data indeed comes from whoever claims to have created and signed it.

.LP

.LP

\f3keytool\fP also enables users to administer secret keys used in symmetric encryption/decryption (e.g. DES).

.LP

.LP

\f3keytool\fP stores the keys and certificates in a \f2keystore\fP. 

.LP

.SH "COMMAND AND OPTION NOTES"

.LP

.LP

.LP

The various commands and their options are listed and described below . Note:

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 2

o

All command and option names are preceded by a minus sign (\-). 

.TP 2

o

The options for each command may be provided in any order. 

.TP 2

o

All items not italicized or in braces or square brackets are required to appear as is. 

.TP 2

o

Braces surrounding an option generally signify that a default value will be used if the option is not specified on the command line. Braces are also used around the \f2\-v\fP, \f2\-rfc\fP, and \f2\-J\fP options, which only have meaning if they appear on the command line (that is, they don't have any "default" values other than not existing). 

.TP 2

o

Brackets surrounding an option signify that the user is prompted for the value(s) if the option is not specified on the command line. (For a \f2\-keypass\fP option, if you do not specify the option on the command line, \f3keytool\fP will first attempt to use the keystore password to recover the private/secret key, and if this fails, will then prompt you for the private/secret key password.) 

.TP 2

o

Items in italics (option values) represent the actual values that must be supplied. For example, here is the format of the \f2\-printcert\fP command: 

.nf

\f3

.fl

  keytool \-printcert {\-file \fP\f4cert_file\fP\f3} {\-v}

.fl

\fP

.fi

.LP

When specifying a \f2\-printcert\fP command, replace \f2cert_file\fP with the actual file name, as in: 

.nf

\f3

.fl

  keytool \-printcert \-file VScert.cer

.fl

\fP

.fi

.TP 2

o

Option values must be quoted if they contain a blank (space). 

.TP 2

o

The \f2\-help\fP command is the default. Thus, the command line 

.nf

\f3

.fl

  keytool

.fl

\fP

.fi

is equivalent to 

.nf

\f3

.fl

  keytool \-help

.fl

\fP

.fi

.RE

.LP

.SS 

Option Defaults

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

Below are the defaults for various option values. 

.nf

\f3

.fl

\-alias "mykey"

.fl

.fl

\-keyalg

.fl

    "DSA" (when using \fP\f3\-genkeypair\fP\f3)

.fl

    "DES" (when using \fP\f3\-genseckey\fP\f3)

.fl

.fl

\-keysize

.fl

    1024 (when using \fP\f3\-genkeypair\fP\f3)

.fl

    56 (when using \fP\f3\-genseckey\fP\f3 and \-keyalg is "DES")

.fl

    168 (when using \fP\f3\-genseckey\fP\f3 and \-keyalg is "DESede")

.fl

.fl

\-validity 90

.fl

.fl

\-keystore \fP\f4the file named \fP\f4.keystore\fP\f3 in the user's home directory\fP\f3

.fl

.fl

\-storetype \fP\f4the value of the "keystore.type" property in the security properties file,

.fl

           which is returned by the static \fP\f4getDefaultType\fP\f3 method in \fP\f4java.security.KeyStore\fP\f3

.fl

.fl

\-file \fP\f4stdin if reading, stdout if writing\fP\f3

.fl

.fl

\-protected false

.fl

.fl

\fP

.fi

.LP

In generating a public/private key pair, the signature algorithm (\f2\-sigalg\fP option) is derived from the algorithm of the underlying private key: If the underlying private key is of type "DSA", the \f2\-sigalg\fP option defaults to "SHA1withDSA", and if the underlying private key is of type "RSA", \f2\-sigalg\fP defaults to "MD5withRSA". Please consult the 

.na

\f2Java Cryptography Architecture API Specification & Reference\fP @

.fi

http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec.html#AppA for a full list of \f2\-keyalg\fP and \f2\-sigalg\fP you can choose from.

.RE

.SS 

Common Options

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

The \f2\-v\fP option can appear for all commands except \f2\-help\fP. If it appears, it signifies "verbose" mode; more information will be output. 

.LP

There is also a \f2\-J\fP\f2javaoption\fP option that may appear for any command. If it appears, the specified \f2javaoption\fP string is passed through directly to the Java interpreter. This option should not contain any spaces. It is useful for adjusting the execution environment or memory usage. For a list of possible interpreter options, type \f2java \-h\fP or \f2java \-X\fP at the command line.

.LP

.LP

These options may appear for all commands operating on a keystore:

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-storetype storetype 

This qualifier specifies the type of keystore to be instantiated. 

.TP 3

\-keystore keystore 

The keystore location. 

.LP

If the JKS storetype is used and a keystore file does not yet exist, then certain \f3keytool\fP commands may result in a new keystore file being created. For example, if \f2keytool \-genkeypair\fP is invoked and the \f2\-keystore\fP option is not specified, the default keystore file named \f2.keystore\fP in the user's home directory will be created if it does not already exist. Similarly, if the \f2\-keystore \fP\f2ks_file\fP option is specified but \f2ks_file\fP does not exist, then it will be created 

.LP

Note that the input stream from the \f2\-keystore\fP option is passed to the \f2KeyStore.load\fP method. If \f2NONE\fP is specified as the URL, then a null stream is passed to the \f2KeyStore.load\fP method. \f2NONE\fP should be specified if the \f2KeyStore\fP is not file\-based (for example, if it resides on a hardware token device).  

.TP 3

\-storepass storepass 

The password which is used to protect the integrity of the keystore. 

.LP

\f2storepass\fP must be at least 6 characters long. It must be provided to all commands that access the keystore contents. For such commands, if a \f2\-storepass\fP option is not provided at the command line, the user is prompted for it. 

.LP

When retrieving information from the keystore, the password is optional; if no password is given, the integrity of the retrieved information cannot be checked and a warning is displayed.  

.TP 3

\-providerName provider_name 

Used to identify a cryptographic service provider's name when listed in the security properties file. 

.TP 3

\-providerClass provider_class_name 

Used to specify the name of cryptographic service provider's master class file when the service provider is not listed in the security properties file. 

.TP 3

\-providerArg provider_arg 

Used in conjunction with \f2\-providerClass\fP. Represents an optional string input argument for the constructor of \f2provider_class_name\fP. 

.TP 3

\-protected 

Either \f2true\fP or \f2false\fP. This value should be specified as \f2true\fP if a password must be given via a protected authentication path such as a dedicated PIN reader. 

.RE

.LP

.RE

.SH "COMMANDS"

.LP

.LP

.SS 

Creating or Adding Data to the Keystore

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-genkeypair {\-alias alias} {\-keyalg keyalg} {\-keysize keysize} {\-sigalg sigalg} [\-dname dname] [\-keypass keypass] {\-validity valDays} {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Generates a key pair (a public key and associated private key). Wraps the public key into an X.509 v3 self\-signed certificate, which is stored as a single\-element certificate chain. This certificate chain and the private key are stored in a new keystore entry identified by \f2alias\fP. 

.LP

\f2keyalg\fP specifies the algorithm to be used to generate the key pair, and \f2keysize\fP specifies the size of each key to be generated. \f2sigalg\fP specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the self\-signed certificate; this algorithm must be compatible with \f2keyalg\fP. 

.LP

\f2dname\fP specifies the X.500 Distinguished Name to be associated with \f2alias\fP, and is used as the \f2issuer\fP and \f2subject\fP fields in the self\-signed certificate. If no distinguished name is provided at the command line, the user will be prompted for one. 

.LP

\f2keypass\fP is a password used to protect the private key of the generated key pair. If no password is provided, the user is prompted for it. If you press RETURN at the prompt, the key password is set to the same password as that used for the keystore. \f2keypass\fP must be at least 6 characters long. 

.LP

\f2valDays\fP tells the number of days for which the certificate should be considered valid. 

.LP

This command was named \f2\-genkey\fP in previous releases. This old name is still supported in this release and will be supported in future releases, but for clarify the new name, \f2\-genkeypair\fP, is preferred going forward.  

.TP 3

\-genseckey {\-alias alias} {\-keyalg keyalg} {\-keysize keysize} [\-keypass keypass] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Generates a secret key and stores it in a new \f2KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry\fP identified by \f2alias\fP. 

.LP

\f2keyalg\fP specifies the algorithm to be used to generate the secret key, and \f2keysize\fP specifies the size of the key to be generated. \f2keypass\fP is a password used to protect the secret key. If no password is provided, the user is prompted for it. If you press RETURN at the prompt, the key password is set to the same password as that used for the keystore. \f2keypass\fP must be at least 6 characters long.  

.TP 3

\-importcert {\-alias alias} {\-file cert_file} [\-keypass keypass] {\-noprompt} {\-trustcacerts} {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Reads the certificate or certificate chain (where the latter is supplied in a PKCS#7 formatted reply) from the file \f2cert_file\fP, and stores it in the keystore entry identified by \f2alias\fP. If no file is given, the certificate or PKCS#7 reply is read from stdin. 

.LP

\f3keytool\fP can import X.509 v1, v2, and v3 certificates, and PKCS#7 formatted certificate chains consisting of certificates of that type. The data to be imported must be provided either in binary encoding format, or in printable encoding format (also known as Base64 encoding) as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 standard. In the latter case, the encoding must be bounded at the beginning by a string that starts with "\-\-\-\-\-BEGIN", and bounded at the end by a string that starts with "\-\-\-\-\-END". 

.LP

You import a certificate for two reasons: 

.RS 3

.TP 3

1.

to add it to the list of trusted certificates, or 

.TP 3

2.

to import a certificate reply received from a CA as the result of submitting a Certificate Signing Request (see the \-certreq command) to that CA. 

.RE

.LP

Which type of import is intended is indicated by the value of the \f2\-alias\fP option: 

.RS 3

.TP 3

1.

\f3If the alias does not point to a key entry\fP, then \f3keytool\fP assumes you are adding a trusted certificate entry. In this case, the alias should not already exist in the keystore. If the alias does already exist, then \f3keytool\fP outputs an error, since there is already a trusted certificate for that alias, and does not import the certificate. 

.TP 3

2.

\f3If the alias points to a key entry\fP, then \f3keytool\fP assumes you are importing a certificate reply. 

.RE

\f3Importing a New Trusted Certificate\fP 

.RS 3

.LP

.LP

Before adding the certificate to the keystore, \f3keytool\fP tries to verify it by attempting to construct a chain of trust from that certificate to a self\-signed certificate (belonging to a root CA), using trusted certificates that are already available in the keystore.

.LP

.LP

If the \f2\-trustcacerts\fP option has been specified, additional certificates are considered for the chain of trust, namely the certificates in a file named "cacerts".

.LP

.LP

If \f3keytool\fP fails to establish a trust path from the certificate to be imported up to a self\-signed certificate (either from the keystore or the "cacerts" file), the certificate information is printed out, and the user is prompted to verify it, e.g., by comparing the displayed certificate fingerprints with the fingerprints obtained from some other (trusted) source of information, which might be the certificate owner himself/herself. Be very careful to ensure the certificate is valid prior to importing it as a "trusted" certificate! \-\- see WARNING Regarding Importing Trusted Certificates. The user then has the option of aborting the import operation. If the \f2\-noprompt\fP option is given, however, there will be no interaction with the user.

.LP

.RE

\f3Importing a Certificate Reply\fP 

.RS 3

.LP

When importing a certificate reply, the certificate reply is validated using trusted certificates from the keystore, and optionally using the certificates configured in the "cacerts" keystore file (if the \f2\-trustcacerts\fP option was specified).

.LP

.LP

The methods of determining whether the certificate reply is trusted are described in the following:

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 2

o

\f3If the reply is a single X.509 certificate\fP, \f3keytool\fP attempts to establish a trust chain, starting at the certificate reply and ending at a self\-signed certificate (belonging to a root CA). The certificate reply and the hierarchy of certificates used to authenticate the certificate reply form the new certificate chain of \f2alias\fP. If a trust chain cannot be established, the certificate reply is not imported. In this case, \f3keytool\fP does not print out the certificate and prompt the user to verify it, because it is very hard (if not impossible) for a user to determine the authenticity of the certificate reply. 

.TP 2

o

\f3If the reply is a PKCS#7 formatted certificate chain\fP, the chain is first ordered (with the user certificate first and the self\-signed root CA certificate last), before \f3keytool\fP attempts to match the root CA certificate provided in the reply with any of the trusted certificates in the keystore or the "cacerts" keystore file (if the \f2\-trustcacerts\fP option was specified). If no match can be found, the information of the root CA certificate is printed out, and the user is prompted to verify it, e.g., by comparing the displayed certificate fingerprints with the fingerprints obtained from some other (trusted) source of information, which might be the root CA itself. The user then has the option of aborting the import operation. If the \f2\-noprompt\fP option is given, however, there will be no interaction with the user. 

.RE

.LP

.LP

If the public key in the certificate reply matches the user's public key already stored with under \f2alias\fP, the old certificate chain is replaced with the new certificate chain in the reply. The old chain can only be replaced if a valid \f2keypass\fP, the password used to protect the private key of the entry, is supplied. If no password is provided, and the private key password is different from the keystore password, the user is prompted for it.

.LP

.RE

.LP

This command was named \f2\-import\fP in previous releases. This old name is still supported in this release and will be supported in future releases, but for clarify the new name, \f2\-importcert\fP, is preferred going forward.    

.TP 3

\-importkeystore \-srckeystore srckeystore \-destkeystore destkeystore {\-srcstoretype srcstoretype} {\-deststoretype deststoretype} [\-srcstorepass srcstorepass] [\-deststorepass deststorepass] {\-srcprotected} {\-destprotected} {\-srcalias srcalias {\-destalias destalias} [\-srckeypass srckeypass] [\-destkeypass destkeypass] } {\-noprompt} {\-srcProviderName src_provider_name} {\-destProviderName dest_provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Imports a single entry or all entries from a source keystore to a destination keystore. 

.LP

When the \f2srcalias\fP option is provided, the command imports the single entry identified by the alias to the destination keystore. If a destination alias is not provided with \f2destalias\fP, then \f2srcalias\fP is used as the destination alias. If the source entry is protected by a password, \f2srckeypass\fP will be used to recover the entry. If \f2srckeypass\fP is not provided, then \f3keytool\fP will attempt to use \f2srcstorepass\fP to recover the entry. If \f2srcstorepass\fP is either not provided or is incorrect, the user will be prompted for a password. The destination entry will be protected using \f2destkeypass\fP. If \f2destkeypass\fP is not provided, the destination entry will be protected with the source entry password. 

.LP

If the \f2srcalias\fP option is not provided, then all entries in the source keystore are imported into the destination keystore. Each destination entry will be stored under the alias from the source entry. If the source entry is protected by a password, \f2srcstorepass\fP will be used to recover the entry. If \f2srcstorepass\fP is either not provided or is incorrect, the user will be prompted for a password. If a source keystore entry type is not supported in the destination keystore, or if an error occurs while storing an entry into the destination keystore, the user will be prompted whether to skip the entry and continue, or to quit. The destination entry will be protected with the source entry password. 

.LP

If the destination alias already exists in the destination keystore, the user is prompted to either overwrite the entry, or to create a new entry under a different alias name. 

.LP

Note that if \f2\-noprompt\fP is provided, the user will not be prompted for a new destination alias. Existing entries will automatically be overwritten with the destination alias name. Finally, entries that can not be imported are automatically skipped and a warning is output.  

.RE

.RE

.SS 

Exporting Data

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-certreq {\-alias alias} {\-sigalg sigalg} {\-file certreq_file} [\-keypass keypass] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Generates a Certificate Signing Request (CSR), using the PKCS#10 format. 

.LP

A CSR is intended to be sent to a certificate authority (CA). The CA will authenticate the certificate requestor (usually off\-line) and will return a certificate or certificate chain, used to replace the existing certificate chain (which initially consists of a self\-signed certificate) in the keystore. 

.LP

The private key and X.500 Distinguished Name associated with \f2alias\fP are used to create the PKCS#10 certificate request. In order to access the private key, the appropriate password must be provided, since private keys are protected in the keystore with a password. If \f2keypass\fP is not provided at the command line, and is different from the password used to protect the integrity of the keystore, the user is prompted for it. 

.LP

\f2sigalg\fP specifies the algorithm that should be used to sign the CSR. 

.LP

The CSR is stored in the file \f2certreq_file\fP. If no file is given, the CSR is output to stdout. 

.LP

Use the \f2importcert\fP command to import the response from the CA.  

.TP 3

\-exportcert {\-alias alias} {\-file cert_file} {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-rfc} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Reads (from the keystore) the certificate associated with \f2alias\fP, and stores it in the file \f2cert_file\fP. 

.LP

If no file is given, the certificate is output to stdout. 

.LP

The certificate is by default output in binary encoding, but will instead be output in the printable encoding format, as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 standard, if the \f2\-rfc\fP option is specified. 

.LP

If \f2alias\fP refers to a trusted certificate, that certificate is output. Otherwise, \f2alias\fP refers to a key entry with an associated certificate chain. In that case, the first certificate in the chain is returned. This certificate authenticates the public key of the entity addressed by \f2alias\fP. 

.LP

This command was named \f2\-export\fP in previous releases. This old name is still supported in this release and will be supported in future releases, but for clarify the new name, \f2\-exportcert\fP, is preferred going forward.  

.RE

.LP

.RE

.SS 

Displaying Data

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-list {\-alias alias} {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v | \-rfc} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Prints (to stdout) the contents of the keystore entry identified by \f2alias\fP. If no alias is specified, the contents of the entire keystore are printed. 

.LP

This command by default prints the MD5 fingerprint of a certificate. If the \f2\-v\fP option is specified, the certificate is printed in human\-readable format, with additional information such as the owner, issuer, serial number, and any extensions. If the \f2\-rfc\fP option is specified, certificate contents are printed using the printable encoding format, as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 standard 

.LP

You cannot specify both \f2\-v\fP and \f2\-rfc\fP.  

.TP 3

\-printcert {\-file cert_file} {\-v} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

.LP

Internet RFC 1421 standard. 

.LP

Note: This option can be used independently of a keystore.  

.RE

.LP

.RE

.SS 

Managing the Keystore

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-storepasswd [\-new new_storepass] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Changes the password used to protect the integrity of the keystore contents. The new password is \f2new_storepass\fP, which must be at least 6 characters long.  

.TP 3

\-keypasswd {\-alias alias} [\-keypass old_keypass] [\-new new_keypass] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Changes the password under which the private/secret key identified by \f2alias\fP is protected, from \f2old_keypass\fP to \f2new_keypass\fP, which must be at least 6 characters long. 

.LP

If the \f2\-keypass\fP option is not provided at the command line, and the key password is different from the keystore password, the user is prompted for it. 

.LP

If the \f2\-new\fP option is not provided at the command line, the user is prompted for it.  

.TP 3

\-delete [\-alias alias] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Deletes from the keystore the entry identified by \f2alias\fP. The user is prompted for the alias, if no alias is provided at the command line.  

.TP 3

\-changealias {\-alias alias} [\-destalias destalias] [\-keypass keypass] {\-storetype storetype} {\-keystore keystore} [\-storepass storepass] {\-providerName provider_name} {\-providerClass provider_class_name {\-providerArg provider_arg}} {\-v} {\-protected} {\-Jjavaoption} 

.LP

Move an existing keystore entry from the specified \f2alias\fP to a new alias, \f2destalias\fP. If no destination alias is provided, the command will prompt for one. If the original entry is protected with an entry password, the password can be supplied via the "\-keypass" option. If no key password is provided, the \f2storepass\fP (if given) will be attempted first. If that attempt fails, the user will be prompted for a password.  

.RE

.LP

.RE

.SS 

Getting Help

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.RS 3

.TP 3

\-help 

.LP

Lists the basic commands and their options.  

.RE

.LP

.RE

.SH "EXAMPLES"

.LP

.LP

.LP

Suppose you want to create a keystore for managing your public/private key pair and certificates from entities you trust.

.LP

.SS 

Generating Your Key Pair

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.LP

The first thing you need to do is create a keystore and generate the key pair. You could use a command such as the following:

.LP

.nf

\f3

.fl

    keytool \-genkeypair \-dname "cn=Mark Jones, ou=JavaSoft, o=Sun, c=US"

.fl

      \-alias business \-keypass kpi135 \-keystore /working/mykeystore

.fl

      \-storepass ab987c \-validity 180

.fl

\fP

.fi

.LP

.LP

(Please note: This must be typed as a single line. Multiple lines are used in the examples just for legibility purposes.)

.LP

.LP

This command creates the keystore named "mykeystore" in the "working" directory (assuming it doesn't already exist), and assigns it the password "ab987c". It generates a public/private key pair for the entity whose "distinguished name" has a common name of "Mark Jones", organizational unit of "JavaSoft", organization of "Sun" and two\-letter country code of "US". It uses the default "DSA" key generation algorithm to create the keys, both 1024 bits long.

.LP

.LP

It creates a self\-signed certificate (using the default "SHA1withDSA" signature algorithm) that includes the public key and the distinguished name information. This certificate will be valid for 180 days, and is associated with the private key in a keystore entry referred to by the alias "business". The private key is assigned the password "kpi135".

.LP

.LP

The command could be significantly shorter if option defaults were accepted. As a matter of fact, no options are required; defaults are used for unspecified options that have default values, and you are prompted for any required values. Thus, you could simply have the following:

.LP

.nf

\f3

.fl

    keytool \-genkeypair

.fl

\fP

.fi

.LP

In this case, a keystore entry with alias "mykey" is created, with a newly\-generated key pair and a certificate that is valid for 90 days. This entry is placed in the keystore named ".keystore" in your home directory. (The keystore is created if it doesn't already exist.) You will be prompted for the distinguished name information, the keystore password, and the private key password. 

.LP

The rest of the examples assume you executed the \f2\-genkeypair\fP command without options specified, and that you responded to the prompts with values equal to those given in the first \f2\-genkeypair\fP command, above (a private key password of "kpi135", etc.)

.LP

.RE

.SS 

Requesting a Signed Certificate from a Certification Authority

.LP

.RS 3

.LP

.LP

So far all we've got is a self\-signed certificate. A certificate is more likely to be trusted by others if it is signed by a Certification Authority (CA). To get such a signature, you first generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR), via the following:

.LP

.nf

\f3

.fl

    keytool \-certreq \-file MarkJ.csr

.fl

\fP

.fi