'\" t

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.\"     Arch: generic

.\"     Software: JDK 8

.\"     Date: 21 November 2013

.\"     SectDesc: Security Tools

.\"     Title: jarsigner.1

.\"

.if n .pl 99999

.TH jarsigner 1 "21 November 2013" "JDK 8" "Security Tools"

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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------

.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *

.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------

.SH NAME    

jarsigner \- Signs and verifies Java Archive (JAR) files\&.

.SH SYNOPSIS    

.sp     

.nf     

\fBjarsigner\fR [ \fIoptions\fR ] \fIjar\-file\fR \fIalias\fR

.fi     

.nf     

\fBjarsigner\fR \fB\-verify\fR [ \fIoptions\fR ] \fIjar\-file\fR [\fIalias \&.\&.\&.\fR]

.fi     

.sp     

.TP     

\fIoptions\fR

The command-line options\&. See Options\&.

.TP

-verify

.br

The \f3-verify\fR option can take zero or more keystore alias names after the JAR file name\&. When the \f3-verify\fR option is specified, the \f3jarsigner\fR command checks that the certificate used to verify each signed entry in the JAR file matches one of the keystore aliases\&. The aliases are defined in the keystore specified by \f3-keystore\fR or the default keystore\&.

If you also specified the \f3-strict\fR option, and the \f3jarsigner\fR command detected severe warnings, the message, "jar verified, with signer errors" is displayed\&.

.TP     

\fIjar-file\fR

The JAR file to be signed\&.

If you also specified the \f3-strict\fR option, and the \f3jarsigner\fR command detected severe warnings, the message, "jar signed, with signer errors" is displayed\&.

.TP     

\fIalias\fR

The aliases are defined in the keystore specified by \f3-keystore\fR or the default keystore\&.

.SH DESCRIPTION    

The \f3jarsigner\fR tool has two purposes:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

To sign Java Archive (JAR) files\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

To verify the signatures and integrity of signed JAR files\&.

.PP

The JAR feature enables the packaging of class files, images, sounds, and other digital data in a single file for faster and easier distribution\&. A tool named \f3jar\fR enables developers to produce JAR files\&. (Technically, any zip file can also be considered a JAR file, although when created by the \f3jar\fR command or processed by the \f3jarsigner\fR command, JAR files also contain a \f3META-INF/MANIFEST\&.MF\fR file\&.)

.PP

A digital signature is a string of bits that is computed from some data (the data being signed) and the private key of an entity (a person, company, and so on)\&. Similar to a handwritten signature, a digital signature has many useful characteristics:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

Its authenticity can be verified by a computation that uses the public key corresponding to the private key used to generate the signature\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

It cannot be forged, assuming the private key is kept secret\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

It is a function of the data signed and thus cannot be claimed to be the signature for other data as well\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

The signed data cannot be changed\&. If the data is changed, then the signature cannot be verified as authentic\&.

.PP

To generate an entity\&'s signature for a file, the entity must first have a public/private key pair associated with it and one or more certificates that authenticate its public key\&. A certificate is a digitally signed statement from one entity that says that the public key of another entity has a particular value\&.

.PP

The \f3jarsigner\fR command uses key and certificate information from a keystore to generate digital signatures for JAR files\&. A keystore is a database of private keys and their associated X\&.509 certificate chains that authenticate the corresponding public keys\&. The \f3keytool\fR command is used to create and administer keystores\&.

.PP

The \f3jarsigner\fR command uses an entity\&'s private key to generate a signature\&. The signed JAR file contains, among other things, a copy of the certificate from the keystore for the public key corresponding to the private key used to sign the file\&. The \f3jarsigner\fR command can verify the digital signature of the signed JAR file using the certificate inside it (in its signature block file)\&.

.PP

The \f3jarsigner\fR command can generate signatures that include a time stamp that lets a systems or deployer (including Java Plug-in) to check whether the JAR file was signed while the signing certificate was still valid\&. In addition, APIs allow applications to obtain the timestamp information\&.

.PP

At this time, the \f3jarsigner\fR command can only sign JAR files created by the \f3jar\fR command or zip files\&. JAR files are the same as zip files, except they also have a \f3META-INF/MANIFEST\&.MF\fR file\&. A \f3META-INF/MANIFEST\&.MF\fR file is created when the \f3jarsigner\fR command signs a zip file\&.

.PP

The default \f3jarsigner\fR command behavior is to sign a JAR or zip file\&. Use the \f3-verify\fR option to verify a signed JAR file\&.

.PP

The \f3jarsigner\fR command also attempts to validate the signer\&'s certificate after signing or verifying\&. If there is a validation error or any other problem, the command generates warning messages\&. If you specify the \f3-strict\fR option, then the command treats severe warnings as errors\&. See Errors and Warnings\&.

.SS KEYSTORE\ ALIASES    

All keystore entities are accessed with unique aliases\&.

.PP

When you use the \f3jarsigner\fR command to sign a JAR file, you must specify the alias for the keystore entry that contains the private key needed to generate the signature\&. For example, the following command signs the JAR file named \f3MyJARFile\&.jar\fR with the private key associated with the alias \f3duke\fR in the keystore named \f3mystore\fR in the \f3working\fR directory\&. Because no output file is specified, it overwrites \f3MyJARFile\&.jar\fR with the signed JAR file\&.

.sp     

.nf     

\f3jarsigner \-keystore /working/mystore \-storepass <keystore password>\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3      \-keypass <private key password> MyJARFile\&.jar duke\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

Keystores are protected with a password, so the store password must be specified\&. You are prompted for it when you do not specify it on the command line\&. Similarly, private keys are protected in a keystore with a password, so the private key\&'s password must be specified, and you are prompted for the password when you do not specify it on the command line and it is not the same as the store password\&.

.SS KEYSTORE\ LOCATION    

The \f3jarsigner\fR command has a \f3-keystore\fR option for specifying the URL of the keystore to be used\&. The keystore is by default stored in a file named \f3\&.keystore\fR in the user\&'s home directory, as determined by the \f3user\&.home\fR system property\&.

.PP

On Oracle Solaris systems, \f3user\&.home\fR defaults to the user\&'s home directory\&.

.PP

The input stream from the \f3-keystore\fR option is passed to the \f3KeyStore\&.load\fR method\&. If \f3NONE\fR is specified as the URL, then a null stream is passed to the \f3KeyStore\&.load\fR method\&. \f3NONE\fR should be specified when the \f3KeyStore\fR class is not file based, for example, when it resides on a hardware token device\&.

.SS KEYSTORE\ IMPLEMENTATION    

The \f3KeyStore\fR class provided in the \f3java\&.security\fR package supplies a number of well-defined interfaces to access and modify the information in a keystore\&. You can have multiple different concrete implementations, where each implementation is for a particular type of keystore\&.

.PP

Currently, there are two command-line tools that use keystore implementations (\f3keytool\fR and \f3jarsigner\fR), and a GUI-based tool named Policy Tool\&. Because the \f3KeyStore\fR class is publicly available, JDK users can write additional security applications that use it\&.

.PP

There is a built-in default implementation provided by Oracle that implements the keystore as a file, that uses a proprietary keystore type (format) named JKS\&. The built-in implementation protects each private key with its individual password and protects the integrity of the entire keystore with a (possibly different) password\&.

.PP

Keystore implementations are provider-based, which means the application interfaces supplied by the \f3KeyStore\fR class are implemented in terms of a Service Provider Interface (SPI)\&. There is a corresponding abstract \f3KeystoreSpi\fR class, also in the \f3java\&.security package\fR, that defines the Service Provider Interface methods that providers must implement\&. The term provider refers to a package or a set of packages that supply a concrete implementation of a subset of services that can be accessed by the Java Security API\&. To provide a keystore implementation, clients must implement a provider and supply a \f3KeystoreSpi\fR subclass implementation, as described in How to Implement a Provider in the Java Cryptography Architecture at http://docs\&.oracle\&.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/HowToImplAProvider\&.html

.PP

Applications can choose different types of keystore implementations from different providers, with the \f3getInstance\fR factory method in the \f3KeyStore\fR class\&. A keystore type defines the storage and data format of the keystore information and the algorithms used to protect private keys in the keystore and the integrity of the keystore itself\&. Keystore implementations of different types are not compatible\&.

.PP

The \f3jarsigner\fR and \f3policytool\fR commands can read file-based keystores from any location that can be specified using a URL\&. In addition, these commands can read non-file-based keystores such as those provided by MSCAPI on Windows and PKCS11 on all platforms\&.

.PP

For the \f3jarsigner\fR and \f3keytool\fR commands, you can specify a keystore type at the command line with the \f3-storetype\fR option\&. For Policy Tool, you can specify a keystore type with the \fIEdit\fR command in the \fIKeyStore\fR menu\&.

.PP

If you do not explicitly specify a keystore type, then the tools choose a keystore implementation based on the value of the \f3keystore\&.type\fR property specified in the security properties file\&. The security properties file is called \f3java\&.security\fR, and it resides in the JDK security properties directory, \f3java\&.home/lib/security\fR, where \f3java\&.home\fR is the runtime environment\&'s directory\&. The \f3jre\fR directory in the JDK or the top-level directory of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)\&.

.PP

Each tool gets the \f3keystore\&.type\fR value and then examines all the installed providers until it finds one that implements keystores of that type\&. It then uses the keystore implementation from that provider\&.

.PP

The \f3KeyStore\fR class defines a static method named \f3getDefaultType\fR that lets applications and applets retrieve the value of the \f3keystore\&.type\fR property\&. The following line of code creates an instance of the default keystore type as specified in the \f3keystore\&.type property\fR:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore\&.getInstance(KeyStore\&.getDefaultType());\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

The default keystore type is \f3jks\fR (the proprietary type of the keystore implementation provided by Oracle)\&. This is specified by the following line in the security properties file:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3keystore\&.type=jks\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

Case does not matter in keystore type designations\&. For example, \f3JKS\fR is the same as \f3jks\fR\&.

.PP

To have the tools use a keystore implementation other than the default, change that line to specify a different keystore type\&. For example, if you have a provider package that supplies a keystore implementation for a keystore type called \f3pkcs12\fR, then change the line to the following:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3keystore\&.type=pkcs12\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

\fINote:\fR If you use the PKCS 11 provider package, then see "KeyTool" and "JarSigner" in Java PKCS #11 Reference Guide at http://docs\&.oracle\&.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/p11guide\&.html

.SS SUPPORTED\ ALGORITHMS    

By default, the \f3jarsigner\fR command signs a JAR file using one of the following algorithms:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) with the SHA1 digest algorithm

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

RSA algorithm with the SHA256 digest algorithm

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

Elliptic Curve (EC) cryptography algorithm with the SHA256 with Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)\&.

.PP

If the signer\&'s public and private keys are DSA keys, then \f3jarsigner\fR signs the JAR file with the \f3SHA1withDSA\fR algorithm\&. If the signer\&'s keys are RSA keys, then \f3jarsigner\fR attempts to sign the JAR file with the \f3SHA256withRSA\fR algorithm\&. If the signer\&'s keys are EC keys, then \f3jarsigner\fR signs the JAR file with the \f3SHA256withECDSA\fR algorithm\&.

.PP

These default signature algorithms can be overridden using the \f3-sigalg\fR option\&.

.SS THE\ SIGNED\ JAR\ FILE    

When the \f3jarsigner\fR command is used to sign a JAR file, the output signed JAR file is exactly the same as the input JAR file, except that it has two additional files placed in the META-INF directory:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

A signature file with an \f3\&.SF\fR extension

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

A signature block file with a \f3\&.DSA\fR, \f3\&.RSA\fR, or \f3\&.EC\fR extension

.PP

The base file names for these two files come from the value of the \f3-sigFile\fR option\&. For example, when the option is \f3-sigFile MKSIGN\fR, the files are named \f3MKSIGN\&.SF\fR and \f3MKSIGN\&.DSA\fR

.PP

If no \f3-sigfile\fR option appears on the command line, then the base file name for the \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR files is the first 8 characters of the alias name specified on the command line, all converted to uppercase\&. If the alias name has fewer than 8 characters, then the full alias name is used\&. If the alias name contains any characters that are not allowed in a signature file name, then each such character is converted to an underscore (_) character in forming the file name\&. Valid characters include letters, digits, underscores, and hyphens\&.

.PP

Signature File

A signature file (\f3\&.SF\fR file) looks similar to the manifest file that is always included in a JAR file when the \f3jarsigner\fR command is used to sign the file\&. For each source file included in the JAR file, the \f3\&.SF\fR file has three lines, such as in the manifest file, that list the following:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

File name

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

Name of the digest algorithm (SHA)

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

SHA digest value

.PP

In the manifest file, the SHA digest value for each source file is the digest (hash) of the binary data in the source file\&. In the \f3\&.SF\fR file, the digest value for a specified source file is the hash of the three lines in the manifest file for the source file\&.

.PP

The signature file, by default, includes a header with a hash of the whole manifest file\&. The header also contains a hash of the manifest header\&. The presence of the header enables verification optimization\&. See JAR File Verification\&.

.PP

Signature Block File

The \f3\&.SF\fR file is signed and the signature is placed in the signature block file\&. This file also contains, encoded inside it, the certificate or certificate chain from the keystore that authenticates the public key corresponding to the private key used for signing\&. The file has the extension \f3\&.DSA\fR, \f3\&.RSA\fR, or \f3\&.EC\fR, depending on the digest algorithm used\&.

.SS SIGNATURE\ TIME\ STAMP    

The \f3jarsigner\fR command can generate and store a signature time stamp when signing a JAR file\&. In addition, \f3jarsigner\fR supports alternative signing mechanisms\&. This behavior is optional and is controlled by the user at the time of signing through these options\&. See Options\&.

.sp     

.nf     

\f3\-tsa \fIurl\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-tsacert \fIalias\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-altsigner \fIclass\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-altsignerpath \fIclasspathlist\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-tsapolicyid \fIpolicyid\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

.SS JAR\ FILE\ VERIFICATION    

A successful JAR file verification occurs when the signatures are valid, and none of the files that were in the JAR file when the signatures were generated have changed since then\&. JAR file verification involves the following steps:

.TP 0.4i    

1\&.

Verify the signature of the \f3\&.SF\fR file\&.

The verification ensures that the signature stored in each signature block (\f3\&.DSA\fR) file was generated using the private key corresponding to the public key whose certificate (or certificate chain) also appears in the \f3\&.DSA\fR file\&. It also ensures that the signature is a valid signature of the corresponding signature (\f3\&.SF\fR) file, and thus the \f3\&.SF\fR file was not tampered with\&.

.TP 0.4i    

2\&.

Verify the digest listed in each entry in the \f3\&.SF\fR file with each corresponding section in the manifest\&.

The \f3\&.SF\fR file by default includes a header that contains a hash of the entire manifest file\&. When the header is present, the verification can check to see whether or not the hash in the header matches the hash of the manifest file\&. If there is a match, then verification proceeds to the next step\&.

If there is no match, then a less optimized verification is required to ensure that the hash in each source file information section in the \f3\&.SF\fR file equals the hash of its corresponding section in the manifest file\&. See Signature File\&.

One reason the hash of the manifest file that is stored in the \f3\&.SF\fR file header might not equal the hash of the current manifest file is that one or more files were added to the JAR file (with the \f3jar\fR tool) after the signature and \f3\&.SF\fR file were generated\&. When the \f3jar\fR tool is used to add files, the manifest file is changed by adding sections to it for the new files, but the \f3\&.SF\fR file is not changed\&. A verification is still considered successful when none of the files that were in the JAR file when the signature was generated have been changed since then\&. This happens when the hashes in the non-header sections of the \f3\&.SF\fR file equal the hashes of the corresponding sections in the manifest file\&.

.TP 0.4i    

3\&.

Read each file in the JAR file that has an entry in the \f3\&.SF\fR file\&. While reading, compute the file\&'s digest and compare the result with the digest for this file in the manifest section\&. The digests should be the same or verification fails\&.

If any serious verification failures occur during the verification process, then the process is stopped and a security exception is thrown\&. The \f3jarsigner\fR command catches and displays the exception\&.

.PP

\fINote:\fR You should read any addition warnings (or errors if you specified the \f3-strict\fR option), as well as the content of the certificate (by specifying the \f3-verbose\fR and \f3-certs\fR options) to determine if the signature can be trusted\&.

.SS MULTIPLE\ SIGNATURES\ FOR\ A\ JAR\ FILE    

A JAR file can be signed by multiple people by running the \f3jarsigner\fR command on the file multiple times and specifying the alias for a different person each time, as follows:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3jarsigner myBundle\&.jar susan\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3jarsigner myBundle\&.jar kevin\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

When a JAR file is signed multiple times, there are multiple \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR files in the resulting JAR file, one pair for each signature\&. In the previous example, the output JAR file includes files with the following names:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3SUSAN\&.SF\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3SUSAN\&.DSA\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3KEVIN\&.SF\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3KEVIN\&.DSA\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

\fINote:\fR It is also possible for a JAR file to have mixed signatures, some generated by the JDK 1\&.1 by the \f3javakey\fR command and others by \f3jarsigner\fR\&. The \f3jarsigner\fR command can be used to sign JAR files that are already signed with the \f3javakey\fR command\&.

.SH OPTIONS    

The following sections describe the various \f3jarsigner\fR options\&. Be aware of the following standards:

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

All option names are preceded by a minus sign (-)\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

The options can be provided in any order\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

Items that are in italics or underlined (option values) represent the actual values that must be supplied\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

The \f3-storepass\fR, \f3-keypass\fR, \f3-sigfile\fR, \f3-sigalg\fR, \f3-digestalg\fR, \f3-signedjar\fR, and TSA-related options are only relevant when signing a JAR file; they are not relevant when verifying a signed JAR file\&. The \f3-keystore\fR option is relevant for signing and verifying a JAR file\&. In addition, aliases are specified when signing and verifying a JAR file\&.

.TP

-keystore \fIurl\fR

.br

Specifies the URL that tells the keystore location\&. This defaults to the file \f3\&.keystore\fR in the user\&'s home directory, as determined by the \f3user\&.home\fR system property\&.

A keystore is required when signing\&. You must explicitly specify a keystore when the default keystore does not exist or if you want to use one other than the default\&.

A keystore is not required when verifying, but if one is specified or the default exists and the \f3-verbose\fR option was also specified, then additional information is output regarding whether or not any of the certificates used to verify the JAR file are contained in that keystore\&.

The \f3-keystore\fR argument can be a file name and path specification rather than a URL, in which case it is treated the same as a file: URL, for example, the following are equivalent:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3\-keystore \fIfilePathAndName\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-keystore file:\fIfilePathAndName\fR\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

If the Sun PKCS #11 provider was configured in the \f3java\&.security\fR security properties file (located in the JRE\&'s \f3$JAVA_HOME/lib/security directory\fR), then the \f3keytool\fR and \f3jarsigner\fR tools can operate on the PKCS #11 token by specifying these options:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3\-keystore NONE\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\-storetype PKCS11\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

For example, the following command lists the contents of the configured PKCS#11 token:

.sp     

.nf     

\f3keytool \-keystore NONE \-storetype PKCS11 \-list\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp     

.TP

-storetype \fIstoretype\fR

.br

Specifies the type of keystore to be instantiated\&. The default keystore type is the one that is specified as the value of the \f3keystore\&.type\fR property in the security properties file, which is returned by the static \f3getDefaultType\fR method in \f3java\&.security\&.KeyStore\fR\&.

The PIN for a PCKS #11 token can also be specified with the \f3-storepass\fR option\&. If none is specified, then the \f3keytool\fR and \f3jarsigner\fR commands prompt for the token PIN\&. If the token has a protected authentication path (such as a dedicated PIN-pad or a biometric reader), then the \f3-protected\fR option must be specified and no password options can be specified\&.

.TP

-storepass[:env | :file] \fIargument\fR

.br

Specifies the password that is required to access the keystore\&. This is only needed when signing (not verifying) a JAR file\&. In that case, if a \f3-storepass\fR option is not provided at the command line, then the user is prompted for the password\&.

If the modifier \f3env\fR or \f3file\fR is not specified, then the password has the value \fIargument\fR\&. Otherwise, the password is retrieved as follows:

.RS     

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

\f3env\fR: Retrieve the password from the environment variable named \f3argument\fR\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

\f3file\fR: Retrieve the password from the file named \f3argument\fR\&.

.RE     

\fINote:\fR The password should not be specified on the command line or in a script unless it is for testing purposes, or you are on a secure system\&.

.TP

-keypass [:env | :file] \fIargument\fR

.br

Specifies the password used to protect the private key of the keystore entry addressed by the alias specified on the command line\&. The password is required when using \f3jarsigner\fR to sign a JAR file\&. If no password is provided on the command line, and the required password is different from the store password, then the user is prompted for it\&.

If the modifier \f3env\fR or \f3file\fR is not specified, then the password has the value \f3argument\fR\&. Otherwise, the password is retrieved as follows:

.RS     

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

\f3env\fR: Retrieve the password from the environment variable named \f3argument\fR\&.

.TP 0.2i    

\(bu

\f3file\fR: Retrieve the password from the file named \f3argument\fR\&.

.RE     

\fINote:\fR The password should not be specified on the command line or in a script unless it is for testing purposes, or you are on a secure system\&.

.TP

-sigfile \fIfile\fR

.br

Specifies the base file name to be used for the generated \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR files\&. For example, if file is \f3DUKESIGN\fR, then the generated \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR files are named \f3DUKESIGN\&.SF\fR and \f3DUKESIGN\&.DSA\fR, and placed in the \f3META-INF\fR directory of the signed JAR file\&.

The characters in the file must come from the set \f3a-zA-Z0-9_-\fR\&. Only letters, numbers, underscore, and hyphen characters are allowed\&. All lowercase characters are converted to uppercase for the \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR file names\&.

If no \f3-sigfile\fR option appears on the command line, then the base file name for the \f3\&.SF\fR and \f3\&.DSA\fR files is the first 8 characters of the alias name specified on the command line, all converted to upper case\&. If the alias name has fewer than 8 characters, then the full alias name is used\&. If the alias name contains any characters that are not valid in a signature file name, then each such character is converted to an underscore (_) character to form the file name\&.

.TP

-sigalg \fIalgorithm\fR

.br

Specifies the name of the signature algorithm to use to sign the JAR file\&.

For a list of standard signature algorithm names, see "Appendix A: Standard Names" in the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) Reference Guide at http://docs\&.oracle\&.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec\&.html#AppA

This algorithm must be compatible with the private key used to sign the JAR file\&. If this option is not specified, then \f3SHA1withDSA\fR, \f3SHA256withRSA\fR, or \f3SHA256withECDSA\fR are used depending on the type of private key\&. There must either be a statically installed provider supplying an implementation of the specified algorithm or the user must specify one with the \f3-providerClass\fR option; otherwise, the command will not succeed\&.

.TP

-digestalg \fIalgorithm\fR

.br

Specifies the name of the message digest algorithm to use when digesting the entries of a JAR file\&.

For a list of standard message digest algorithm names, see "Appendix A: Standard Names" in the Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) Reference Guide at http://docs\&.oracle\&.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/crypto/CryptoSpec\&.html#AppA

If this option is not specified, then \f3SHA256\fR is used\&. There must either be a statically installed provider supplying an implementation of the specified algorithm or the user must specify one with the \f3-providerClass\fR option; otherwise, the command will not succeed\&.

.TP

-certs

.br

If the \f3-certs\fR option appears on the command line with the \f3-verify\fR and \f3-verbose\fR options, then the output includes certificate information for each signer of the JAR file\&. This information includes the name of the type of certificate (stored in the \f3\&.DSA\fR file) that certifies the signer\&'s public key, and if the certificate is an X\&.509 certificate (an instance of the \f3java\&.security\&.cert\&.X509Certificate\fR), then the distinguished name of the signer\&.

The keystore is also examined\&. If no keystore value is specified on the command line, then the default keystore file (if any) is checked\&. If the public key certificate for a signer matches an entry in the keystore, then the alias name for the keystore entry for that signer is displayed in parentheses\&. If the signer comes from a JDK 1\&.1 identity database instead of from a keystore, then the alias name displays in brackets instead of parentheses\&.

.TP

-certchain \fIfile\fR

.br

Specifies the certificate chain to be used when the certificate chain associated with the private key of the keystore entry that is addressed by the alias specified on the command line is not complete\&. This can happen when the keystore is located on a hardware token where there is not enough capacity to hold a complete certificate chain\&. The file can be a sequence of concatenated X\&.509 certificates, or a single PKCS#7 formatted data block, either in binary encoding format or in printable encoding format (also known as Base64 encoding) as defined by the Internet RFC 1421 standard\&. See Internet RFC 1421 Certificate Encoding Standard and http://tools\&.ietf\&.org/html/rfc1421\&.

.TP

-verbose

.br

When the \f3-verbose\fR option appears on the command line, it indicates verbose mode, which causes \f3jarsigner\fR to output extra information about the progress of the JAR signing or verification\&.

.TP

-internalsf

.br

In the past, the \f3\&.DSA\fR (signature block) file generated when a JAR file was signed included a complete encoded copy of the \f3\&.SF\fR file (signature file) also generated\&. This behavior has been changed\&. To reduce the overall size of the output JAR file, the \f3\&.DSA\fR file by default does not contain a copy of the \f3\&.SF\fR file anymore\&. If \f3-internalsf\fR appears on the command line, then the old behavior is utilized\&. This option is useful for testing\&. In practice, do not use the \f3-internalsf\fR option because it incurs higher overhead\&.

.TP

-sectionsonly

.br

If the \f3-sectionsonly\fR option appears on the command line, then the \f3\&.SF\fR file (signature file) generated when a JAR file is signed does not include a header that contains a hash of the whole manifest file\&. It contains only the information and hashes related to each individual source file included in the JAR file\&. See Signature File\&.

By default, this header is added, as an optimization\&. When the header is present, whenever the JAR file is verified, the verification can first check to see whether the hash in the header matches the hash of the whole manifest file\&. When there is a match, verification proceeds to the next step\&. When there is no match, it is necessary to do a less optimized verification that the hash in each source file information section in the \f3\&.SF\fR file equals the hash of its corresponding section in the manifest file\&. See JAR File Verification\&.

The \f3-sectionsonly\fR option is primarily used for testing\&. It should not be used other than for testing because using it incurs higher overhead\&.

.TP

-protected

.br

Values can be either \f3true\fR or \f3false\fR\&. Specify \f3true\fR when a password must be specified through a protected authentication path such as a dedicated PIN reader\&.

.TP

-providerClass \fIprovider-class-name\fR

.br

Used to specify the name of cryptographic service provider\&'s master class file when the service provider is not listed in the \f3java\&.security\fR security properties file\&.

Used with the \f3-providerArg ConfigFilePath\fR option, the \f3keytool\fR and \f3jarsigner\fR tools install the provider dynamically and use \fIConfigFilePath\fR for the path to the token configuration file\&. The following example shows a command to list a \f3PKCS #11\fR keystore when the Oracle PKCS #11 provider was not configured in the security properties file\&.

.sp     

.nf     

\f3jarsigner \-keystore NONE \-storetype PKCS11 \e\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3          \-providerClass sun\&.security\&.pkcs11\&.SunPKCS11 \e\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3          \-providerArg /mydir1/mydir2/token\&.config \e\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3          \-list\fP

.fi     

.nf     

\f3\fR

.fi     

.sp