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 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

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 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

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 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

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 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

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 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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/*

 * Copyright (c) 2012, Stephen Colebourne & Michael Nascimento Santos

 *

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

 *

 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,

 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 *

 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,

 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation

 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 *

 *  * Neither the name of JSR-310 nor the names of its contributors

 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software

 *    without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT

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package java.time.chrono;

import static java.time.temporal.ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InvalidObjectException;

import java.io.ObjectStreamException;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.security.AccessController;

import java.security.PrivilegedActionException;

import java.time.Clock;

import java.time.DateTimeException;

import java.time.Instant;

import java.time.LocalDate;

import java.time.ZoneId;

import java.time.format.ResolverStyle;

import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;

import java.time.temporal.TemporalField;

import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Objects;

import java.util.Properties;

import sun.util.logging.PlatformLogger;

/**

 * The Hijrah calendar is a lunar calendar supporting Islamic calendars.

 * <p>

 * The HijrahChronology follows the rules of the Hijrah calendar system. The Hijrah

 * calendar has several variants based on differences in when the new moon is

 * determined to have occurred and where the observation is made.

 * In some variants the length of each month is

 * computed algorithmically from the astronomical data for the moon and earth and

 * in others the length of the month is determined by an authorized sighting

 * of the new moon. For the algorithmically based calendars the calendar

 * can project into the future.

 * For sighting based calendars only historical data from past

 * sightings is available.

 * <p>

 * The length of each month is 29 or 30 days.

 * Ordinary years have 354 days; leap years have 355 days.

 *

 * <p>

 * CLDR and LDML identify variants:

 * <table cellpadding="2" summary="Variants of Hijrah Calendars">

 * <thead>

 * <tr class="tableSubHeadingColor">

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left" >Chronology ID</th>

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left" >Calendar Type</th>

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left" >Locale extension, see {@link java.util.Locale}</th>

 * <th class="colLast" align="left" >Description</th>

 * </tr>

 * </thead>

 * <tbody>

 * <tr class="altColor">

 * <td>Hijrah-umalqura</td>

 * <td>islamic-umalqura</td>

 * <td>ca-islamic-umalqura</td>

 * <td>Islamic - Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia</td>

 * </tr>

 * </tbody>

 * </table>

 * <p>Additional variants may be available through {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies()}.

 *

 * <p>Example</p>

 * <p>

 * Selecting the chronology from the locale uses {@link Chronology#ofLocale}

 * to find the Chronology based on Locale supported BCP 47 extension mechanism

 * to request a specific calendar ("ca"). For example,

 * </p>

 * <pre>

 *      Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("en-US-u-ca-islamic-umalqura");

 *      Chronology chrono = Chronology.ofLocale(locale);

 * </pre>

 *

 * @implSpec

 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.

 *

 * @implNote

 * Each Hijrah variant is configured individually. Each variant is defined by a

 * property resource that defines the {@code ID}, the {@code calendar type},

 * the start of the calendar, the alignment with the

 * ISO calendar, and the length of each month for a range of years.

 * The variants are identified in the {@code calendars.properties} file.

 * The new properties are prefixed with {@code "calendars.hijrah."}:

 * <table cellpadding="2" border="0" summary="Configuration of Hijrah Calendar Variants">

 * <thead>

 * <tr class="tableSubHeadingColor">

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left">Property Name</th>

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left">Property value</th>

 * <th class="colLast" align="left">Description </th>

 * </tr>

 * </thead>

 * <tbody>

 * <tr class="altColor">

 * <td>calendars.hijrah.{ID}</td>

 * <td>The property resource defining the {@code {ID}} variant</td>

 * <td>The property resource is located with the {@code calendars.properties} file</td>

 * </tr>

 * <tr class="rowColor">

 * <td>calendars.hijrah.{ID}.type</td>

 * <td>The calendar type</td>

 * <td>LDML defines the calendar type names</td>

 * </tr>

 * </tbody>

 * </table>

 * <p>

 * The Hijrah property resource is a set of properties that describe the calendar.

 * The syntax is defined by {@code java.util.Properties#load(Reader)}.

 * <table cellpadding="2" summary="Configuration of Hijrah Calendar">

 * <thead>

 * <tr class="tableSubHeadingColor">

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left" > Property Name</th>

 * <th class="colFirst" align="left" > Property value</th>

 * <th class="colLast" align="left" > Description </th>

 * </tr>

 * </thead>

 * <tbody>

 * <tr class="altColor">

 * <td>id</td>

 * <td>Chronology Id, for example, "Hijrah-umalqura"</td>

 * <td>The Id of the calendar in common usage</td>

 * </tr>

 * <tr class="rowColor">

 * <td>type</td>

 * <td>Calendar type, for example, "islamic-umalqura"</td>

 * <td>LDML defines the calendar types</td>

 * </tr>

 * <tr class="altColor">

 * <td>version</td>

 * <td>Version, for example: "1.8.0_1"</td>

 * <td>The version of the Hijrah variant data</td>

 * </tr>

 * <tr class="rowColor">

 * <td>iso-start</td>

 * <td>ISO start date, formatted as {@code yyyy-MM-dd}, for example: "1900-04-30"</td>

 * <td>The ISO date of the first day of the minimum Hijrah year.</td>

 * </tr>

 * <tr class="altColor">

 * <td>yyyy - a numeric 4 digit year, for example "1434"</td>

 * <td>The value is a sequence of 12 month lengths,

 * for example: "29 30 29 30 29 30 30 30 29 30 29 29"</td>

 * <td>The lengths of the 12 months of the year separated by whitespace.

 * A numeric year property must be present for every year without any gaps.

 * The month lengths must be between 29-32 inclusive.

 * </td>

 * </tr>

 * </tbody>

 * </table>

 *

 * @since 1.8

 */

public final class HijrahChronology extends AbstractChronology implements Serializable {

    /**

     * The Hijrah Calendar id.

     */

    private final transient String typeId;

    /**

     * The Hijrah calendarType.

     */

    private final transient String calendarType;

    /**

     * Serialization version.

     */

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3127340209035924785L;

    /**

     * Singleton instance of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia.

     * Other Hijrah chronology variants may be available from

     * {@link Chronology#getAvailableChronologies}.

     */

    public static final HijrahChronology INSTANCE;

    /**

     * Flag to indicate the initialization of configuration data is complete.

     * @see #checkCalendarInit()

     */

    private transient volatile boolean initComplete;

    /**

     * Array of epoch days indexed by Hijrah Epoch month.

     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.

     */

    private transient int[] hijrahEpochMonthStartDays;

    /**

     * The minimum epoch day of this Hijrah calendar.

     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.

     */

    private transient int minEpochDay;

    /**

     * The maximum epoch day for which calendar data is available.

     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.

     */

    private transient int maxEpochDay;

    /**

     * The minimum epoch month.

     * Computed by {@link #loadCalendarData}.

     */

    private transient int hijrahStartEpochMonth;

    /**

     * The minimum length of a month.

     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.

     */

    private transient int minMonthLength;

    /**

     * The maximum length of a month.

     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.

     */

    private transient int maxMonthLength;

    /**

     * The minimum length of a year in days.

     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.

     */

    private transient int minYearLength;

    /**

     * The maximum length of a year in days.

     * Computed by {@link #createEpochMonths}.

     */

    private transient int maxYearLength;

    /**

     * A reference to the properties stored in

     * ${java.home}/lib/calendars.properties

     */

    private final transient static Properties calendarProperties;

    /**

     * Prefix of property names for Hijrah calendar variants.

     */

    private static final String PROP_PREFIX = "calendar.hijrah.";

    /**

     * Suffix of property names containing the calendar type of a variant.

     */

    private static final String PROP_TYPE_SUFFIX = ".type";

    /**

     * Static initialization of the predefined calendars found in the

     * lib/calendars.properties file.

     */

    static {

        try {

            calendarProperties = sun.util.calendar.BaseCalendar.getCalendarProperties();

        } catch (IOException ioe) {

            throw new InternalError("Can't initialize lib/calendars.properties", ioe);

        }

        try {

            INSTANCE = new HijrahChronology("Hijrah-umalqura");

            // Register it by its aliases

            AbstractChronology.registerChrono(INSTANCE, "Hijrah");

            AbstractChronology.registerChrono(INSTANCE, "islamic");

        } catch (DateTimeException ex) {

            // Absence of Hijrah calendar is fatal to initializing this class.

            PlatformLogger logger = PlatformLogger.getLogger("java.time.chrono");

            logger.severe("Unable to initialize Hijrah calendar: Hijrah-umalqura", ex);

            throw new RuntimeException("Unable to initialize Hijrah-umalqura calendar", ex.getCause());

        }

        registerVariants();

    }

    /**

     * For each Hijrah variant listed, create the HijrahChronology and register it.

     * Exceptions during initialization are logged but otherwise ignored.

     */

    private static void registerVariants() {

        for (String name : calendarProperties.stringPropertyNames()) {

            if (name.startsWith(PROP_PREFIX)) {

                String id = name.substring(PROP_PREFIX.length());

                if (id.indexOf('.') >= 0) {

                    continue;   // no name or not a simple name of a calendar

                }

                if (id.equals(INSTANCE.getId())) {

                    continue;           // do not duplicate the default

                }

                try {

                    // Create and register the variant

                    HijrahChronology chrono = new HijrahChronology(id);

                    AbstractChronology.registerChrono(chrono);

                } catch (DateTimeException ex) {

                    // Log error and continue

                    PlatformLogger logger = PlatformLogger.getLogger("java.time.chrono");

                    logger.severe("Unable to initialize Hijrah calendar: " + id, ex);

                }

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * Create a HijrahChronology for the named variant.

     * The resource and calendar type are retrieved from properties

     * in the {@code calendars.properties}.

     * The property names are {@code "calendar.hijrah." + id}

     * and  {@code "calendar.hijrah." + id + ".type"}

     * @param id the id of the calendar

     * @throws DateTimeException if the calendar type is missing from the properties file.

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the id is empty

     */

    private HijrahChronology(String id) throws DateTimeException {

        if (id.isEmpty()) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("calendar id is empty");

        }

        String propName = PROP_PREFIX + id + PROP_TYPE_SUFFIX;

        String calType = calendarProperties.getProperty(propName);

        if (calType == null || calType.isEmpty()) {

            throw new DateTimeException("calendarType is missing or empty for: " + propName);

        }

        this.typeId = id;

        this.calendarType = calType;

    }

    /**

     * Check and ensure that the calendar data has been initialized.

     * The initialization check is performed at the boundary between

     * public and package methods.  If a public calls another public method

     * a check is not necessary in the caller.

     * The constructors of HijrahDate call {@link #getEpochDay} or

     * {@link #getHijrahDateInfo} so every call from HijrahDate to a

     * HijrahChronology via package private methods has been checked.

     *

     * @throws DateTimeException if the calendar data configuration is

     *     malformed or IOExceptions occur loading the data

     */

    private void checkCalendarInit() {

        // Keep this short so it can be inlined for performance

        if (initComplete == false) {

            loadCalendarData();

            initComplete = true;

        }

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Gets the ID of the chronology.

     * <p>

     * The ID uniquely identifies the {@code Chronology}. It can be used to

     * lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link #of(String)}.

     *

     * @return the chronology ID, non-null

     * @see #getCalendarType()

     */

    @Override

    public String getId() {

        return typeId;

    }

    /**

     * Gets the calendar type of the Islamic calendar.

     * <p>

     * The calendar type is an identifier defined by the

     * <em>Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)</em> specification.

     * It can be used to lookup the {@code Chronology} using {@link #of(String)}.

     *

     * @return the calendar system type; non-null if the calendar has

     *    a standard type, otherwise null

     * @see #getId()

     */

    @Override

    public String getCalendarType() {

        return calendarType;

    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**

     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the

     * era, year-of-era, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.

     *

     * @param era  the Hijrah era, not null

     * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era

     * @param month  the month-of-year

     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month

     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date

     * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code HijrahEra}

     */

    @Override

    public HijrahDate date(Era era, int yearOfEra, int month, int dayOfMonth) {

        return date(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), month, dayOfMonth);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the

     * proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.

     *

     * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year

     * @param month  the month-of-year

     * @param dayOfMonth  the day-of-month

     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date

     */

    @Override

    public HijrahDate date(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth) {

        return HijrahDate.of(this, prolepticYear, month, dayOfMonth);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the

     * era, year-of-era and day-of-year fields.

     *

     * @param era  the Hijrah era, not null

     * @param yearOfEra  the year-of-era

     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year

     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date

     * @throws ClassCastException if the {@code era} is not a {@code HijrahEra}

     */

    @Override

    public HijrahDate dateYearDay(Era era, int yearOfEra, int dayOfYear) {

        return dateYearDay(prolepticYear(era, yearOfEra), dayOfYear);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains a local date in Hijrah calendar system from the

     * proleptic-year and day-of-year fields.

     *

     * @param prolepticYear  the proleptic-year

     * @param dayOfYear  the day-of-year

     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if the value of the year is out of range,

     *  or if the day-of-year is invalid for the year

     */

    @Override

    public HijrahDate dateYearDay(int prolepticYear, int dayOfYear) {

        HijrahDate date = HijrahDate.of(this, prolepticYear, 1, 1);

        if (dayOfYear > date.lengthOfYear()) {

            throw new DateTimeException("Invalid dayOfYear: " + dayOfYear);

        }

        return date.plusDays(dayOfYear - 1);

    }

    /**

     * Obtains a local date in the Hijrah calendar system from the epoch-day.

     *

     * @param epochDay  the epoch day

     * @return the Hijrah local date, not null

     * @throws DateTimeException if unable to create the date

     */

    @Override  // override with covariant return type