/*

 * Copyright (c) 1996, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 * questions.

 */

package java.lang.reflect;

import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;

import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;

import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstructorAccessor;

import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;

import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;

import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotation;

import sun.reflect.annotation.TypeAnnotationParser;

import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;

import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;

import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;

import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ConstructorScope;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.AnnotationFormatError;

import java.util.StringJoiner;

/**

 * {@code Constructor} provides information about, and access to, a single

 * constructor for a class.

 *

 * <p>{@code Constructor} permits widening conversions to occur when matching the

 * actual parameters to newInstance() with the underlying

 * constructor's formal parameters, but throws an

 * {@code IllegalArgumentException} if a narrowing conversion would occur.

 *

 * @param <T> the class in which the constructor is declared

 *

 * @see Member

 * @see java.lang.Class

 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructors()

 * @see java.lang.Class#getConstructor(Class[])

 * @see java.lang.Class#getDeclaredConstructors()

 *

 * @author      Kenneth Russell

 * @author      Nakul Saraiya

 * @since 1.1

 */

public final class Constructor<T> extends Executable {

    private Class<T>            clazz;

    private int                 slot;

    private Class<?>[]          parameterTypes;

    private Class<?>[]          exceptionTypes;

    private int                 modifiers;

    // Generics and annotations support

    private transient String    signature;

    // generic info repository; lazily initialized

    private transient ConstructorRepository genericInfo;

    private byte[]              annotations;

    private byte[]              parameterAnnotations;

    // Generics infrastructure

    // Accessor for factory

    private GenericsFactory getFactory() {

        // create scope and factory

        return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ConstructorScope.make(this));

    }

    // Accessor for generic info repository

    @Override

    ConstructorRepository getGenericInfo() {

        // lazily initialize repository if necessary

        if (genericInfo == null) {

            // create and cache generic info repository

            genericInfo =

                ConstructorRepository.make(getSignature(),

                                           getFactory());

        }

        return genericInfo; //return cached repository

    }

    private volatile ConstructorAccessor constructorAccessor;

    // For sharing of ConstructorAccessors. This branching structure

    // is currently only two levels deep (i.e., one root Constructor

    // and potentially many Constructor objects pointing to it.)

    //

    // If this branching structure would ever contain cycles, deadlocks can

    // occur in annotation code.

    private Constructor<T>      root;

    @Override

    Constructor<T> getRoot() {

        return root;

    }

    /**

     * Package-private constructor used by ReflectAccess to enable

     * instantiation of these objects in Java code from the java.lang

     * package via sun.reflect.LangReflectAccess.

     */

    Constructor(Class<T> declaringClass,

                Class<?>[] parameterTypes,

                Class<?>[] checkedExceptions,

                int modifiers,

                int slot,

                String signature,

                byte[] annotations,

                byte[] parameterAnnotations) {

        this.clazz = declaringClass;

        this.parameterTypes = parameterTypes;

        this.exceptionTypes = checkedExceptions;

        this.modifiers = modifiers;

        this.slot = slot;

        this.signature = signature;

        this.annotations = annotations;

        this.parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotations;

    }

    /**

     * Package-private routine (exposed to java.lang.Class via

     * ReflectAccess) which returns a copy of this Constructor. The copy's

     * "root" field points to this Constructor.

     */

    Constructor<T> copy() {

        // This routine enables sharing of ConstructorAccessor objects

        // among Constructor objects which refer to the same underlying

        // method in the VM. (All of this contortion is only necessary

        // because of the "accessibility" bit in AccessibleObject,

        // which implicitly requires that new java.lang.reflect

        // objects be fabricated for each reflective call on Class

        // objects.)

        if (this.root != null)

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not copy a non-root Constructor");

        Constructor<T> res = new Constructor<>(clazz,

                                               parameterTypes,

                                               exceptionTypes, modifiers, slot,

                                               signature,

                                               annotations,

                                               parameterAnnotations);

        res.root = this;

        // Might as well eagerly propagate this if already present

        res.constructorAccessor = constructorAccessor;

        return res;

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     *

     * <p> A {@code SecurityException} is also thrown if this object is a

     * {@code Constructor} object for the class {@code Class} and {@code flag}

     * is true. </p>

     *

     * @param flag {@inheritDoc}

     *

     * @throws InaccessibleObjectException {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws SecurityException if the request is denied by the security manager

     *         or this is a constructor for {@code java.lang.Class}

     *

     * @spec JPMS

     */

    @Override

    @CallerSensitive

    public void setAccessible(boolean flag) {

        AccessibleObject.checkPermission();

        if (flag) {

            checkCanSetAccessible(Reflection.getCallerClass());

        }

        setAccessible0(flag);

    }

    @Override

    void checkCanSetAccessible(Class<?> caller) {

        checkCanSetAccessible(caller, clazz);

        if (clazz == Class.class) {

            // can we change this to InaccessibleObjectException?

            throw new SecurityException("Cannot make a java.lang.Class"

                                        + " constructor accessible");

        }

    }

    @Override

    boolean hasGenericInformation() {

        return (getSignature() != null);

    }

    @Override

    byte[] getAnnotationBytes() {

        return annotations;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the {@code Class} object representing the class that

     * declares the constructor represented by this object.

     */

    @Override

    public Class<T> getDeclaringClass() {

        return clazz;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the name of this constructor, as a string.  This is

     * the binary name of the constructor's declaring class.

     */

    @Override

    public String getName() {

        return getDeclaringClass().getName();

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     */

    @Override

    public int getModifiers() {

        return modifiers;

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}

     * @since 1.5

     */

    @Override

    @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})

    public TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {

      if (getSignature() != null) {

        return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();

      } else

          return (TypeVariable<Constructor<T>>[])new TypeVariable[0];

    }

    @Override

    Class<?>[] getSharedParameterTypes() {

        return parameterTypes;

    }

    @Override

    Class<?>[] getSharedExceptionTypes() {

        return exceptionTypes;

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     */

    @Override

    public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {

        return parameterTypes.clone();

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @since 1.8

     */

    public int getParameterCount() { return parameterTypes.length; }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc}

     * @since 1.5

     */

    @Override

    public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {

        return super.getGenericParameterTypes();

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     */

    @Override

    public Class<?>[] getExceptionTypes() {

        return exceptionTypes.clone();

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws GenericSignatureFormatError {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws TypeNotPresentException {@inheritDoc}

     * @throws MalformedParameterizedTypeException {@inheritDoc}

     * @since 1.5

     */

    @Override

    public Type[] getGenericExceptionTypes() {

        return super.getGenericExceptionTypes();

    }

    /**

     * Compares this {@code Constructor} against the specified object.

     * Returns true if the objects are the same.  Two {@code Constructor} objects are

     * the same if they were declared by the same class and have the

     * same formal parameter types.

     */

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if (obj != null && obj instanceof Constructor) {

            Constructor<?> other = (Constructor<?>)obj;

            if (getDeclaringClass() == other.getDeclaringClass()) {

                return equalParamTypes(parameterTypes, other.parameterTypes);

            }

        }

        return false;

    }

    /**

     * Returns a hashcode for this {@code Constructor}. The hashcode is

     * the same as the hashcode for the underlying constructor's

     * declaring class name.

     */

    public int hashCode() {

        return getDeclaringClass().getName().hashCode();

    }

    /**

     * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor}.  The string is

     * formatted as the constructor access modifiers, if any,

     * followed by the fully-qualified name of the declaring class,

     * followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated list of the

     * constructor's formal parameter types.  For example:

     * <pre>{@code

     *    public java.util.Hashtable(int,float)

     * }</pre>

     *

     * <p>If the constructor is declared to throw exceptions, the

     * parameter list is followed by a space, followed by the word

     * "{@code throws}" followed by a comma-separated list of the

     * thrown exception types.

     *

     * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access

     * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or

     * {@code private}.  Only one of these may appear, or none if the

     * constructor has default (package) access.

     *

     * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor}

     * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers

     * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations

     */

    public String toString() {

        return sharedToString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(),

                              false,

                              parameterTypes,

                              exceptionTypes);

    }

    @Override

    void specificToStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {

        sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName());

    }

    @Override

    String toShortString() {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("constructor ");

        sb.append(getDeclaringClass().getTypeName());

        sb.append('(');

        StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",");

        for (Class<?> parameterType : getParameterTypes()) {

            sj.add(parameterType.getTypeName());

        }

        sb.append(sj);

        sb.append(')');

        return sb.toString();

    }

    /**

     * Returns a string describing this {@code Constructor},

     * including type parameters.  The string is formatted as the

     * constructor access modifiers, if any, followed by an

     * angle-bracketed comma separated list of the constructor's type

     * parameters, if any, followed by the fully-qualified name of the

     * declaring class, followed by a parenthesized, comma-separated

     * list of the constructor's generic formal parameter types.

     *

     * If this constructor was declared to take a variable number of

     * arguments, instead of denoting the last parameter as

     * "<code><i>Type</i>[]</code>", it is denoted as

     * "<code><i>Type</i>...</code>".

     *

     * A space is used to separate access modifiers from one another

     * and from the type parameters or class name.  If there are no

     * type parameters, the type parameter list is elided; if the type

     * parameter list is present, a space separates the list from the

     * class name.  If the constructor is declared to throw

     * exceptions, the parameter list is followed by a space, followed

     * by the word "{@code throws}" followed by a

     * comma-separated list of the generic thrown exception types.

     *

     * <p>The only possible modifiers for constructors are the access

     * modifiers {@code public}, {@code protected} or

     * {@code private}.  Only one of these may appear, or none if the

     * constructor has default (package) access.

     *

     * @return a string describing this {@code Constructor},

     * include type parameters

     *

     * @since 1.5

     * @jls 8.8.3 Constructor Modifiers

     * @jls 8.9.2 Enum Body Declarations

     */

    @Override

    public String toGenericString() {

        return sharedToGenericString(Modifier.constructorModifiers(), false);

    }

    @Override

    void specificToGenericStringHeader(StringBuilder sb) {

        specificToStringHeader(sb);

    }

    /**

     * Uses the constructor represented by this {@code Constructor} object to

     * create and initialize a new instance of the constructor's

     * declaring class, with the specified initialization parameters.

     * Individual parameters are automatically unwrapped to match

     * primitive formal parameters, and both primitive and reference

     * parameters are subject to method invocation conversions as necessary.

     *

     * <p>If the number of formal parameters required by the underlying constructor

     * is 0, the supplied {@code initargs} array may be of length 0 or null.

     *

     * <p>If the constructor's declaring class is an inner class in a

     * non-static context, the first argument to the constructor needs

     * to be the enclosing instance; see section 15.9.3 of

     * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.

     *

     * <p>If the required access and argument checks succeed and the

     * instantiation will proceed, the constructor's declaring class

     * is initialized if it has not already been initialized.

     *

     * <p>If the constructor completes normally, returns the newly

     * created and initialized instance.

     *

     * @param initargs array of objects to be passed as arguments to

     * the constructor call; values of primitive types are wrapped in

     * a wrapper object of the appropriate type (e.g. a {@code float}

     * in a {@link java.lang.Float Float})

     *

     * @return a new object created by calling the constructor

     * this object represents

     *

     * @exception IllegalAccessException    if this {@code Constructor} object

     *              is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying

     *              constructor is inaccessible.

     * @exception IllegalArgumentException  if the number of actual

     *              and formal parameters differ; if an unwrapping

     *              conversion for primitive arguments fails; or if,

     *              after possible unwrapping, a parameter value

     *              cannot be converted to the corresponding formal

     *              parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if

     *              this constructor pertains to an enum type.

     * @exception InstantiationException    if the class that declares the

     *              underlying constructor represents an abstract class.

     * @exception InvocationTargetException if the underlying constructor

     *              throws an exception.

     * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked

     *              by this method fails.

     */

    @CallerSensitive

    @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization

    public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)

        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,

               IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException

    {

        if (!override) {

            Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();

            checkAccess(caller, clazz, clazz, modifiers);

        }

        if ((clazz.getModifiers() & Modifier.ENUM) != 0)

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot reflectively create enum objects");

        ConstructorAccessor ca = constructorAccessor;   // read volatile

        if (ca == null) {

            ca = acquireConstructorAccessor();

        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

        T inst = (T) ca.newInstance(initargs);

        return inst;

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @since 1.5

     */

    @Override

    public boolean isVarArgs() {

        return super.isVarArgs();

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary

     * @since 1.5