/*

 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.

 *

 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as

 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this

 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided

 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.

 *

 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or

 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that

 * accompanied this code).

 *

 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version

 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,

 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

 *

 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA

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 */

package java.awt;

import java.awt.event.InputEvent;

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;

import java.awt.image.DirectColorModel;

import java.awt.image.Raster;

import java.awt.image.WritableRaster;

import java.awt.peer.RobotPeer;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import sun.awt.AWTPermissions;

import sun.awt.ComponentFactory;

import sun.awt.SunToolkit;

import sun.awt.image.SunWritableRaster;

/**

 * This class is used to generate native system input events

 * for the purposes of test automation, self-running demos, and

 * other applications where control of the mouse and keyboard

 * is needed. The primary purpose of Robot is to facilitate

 * automated testing of Java platform implementations.

 * <p>

 * Using the class to generate input events differs from posting

 * events to the AWT event queue or AWT components in that the

 * events are generated in the platform's native input

 * queue. For example, <code>Robot.mouseMove</code> will actually move

 * the mouse cursor instead of just generating mouse move events.

 * <p>

 * Note that some platforms require special privileges or extensions

 * to access low-level input control. If the current platform configuration

 * does not allow input control, an <code>AWTException</code> will be thrown

 * when trying to construct Robot objects. For example, X-Window systems

 * will throw the exception if the XTEST 2.2 standard extension is not supported

 * (or not enabled) by the X server.

 * <p>

 * Applications that use Robot for purposes other than self-testing should

 * handle these error conditions gracefully.

 *

 * @author      Robi Khan

 * @since       1.3

 */

public class Robot {

    private static final int MAX_DELAY = 60000;

    private RobotPeer peer;

    private boolean isAutoWaitForIdle = false;

    private int autoDelay = 0;

    private static int LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK = 0;

    private DirectColorModel screenCapCM = null;

    /**

     * Constructs a Robot object in the coordinate system of the primary screen.

     *

     * @throws  AWTException if the platform configuration does not allow

     * low-level input control.  This exception is always thrown when

     * GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true

     * @throws  SecurityException if <code>createRobot</code> permission is not granted

     * @see     java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless

     * @see     SecurityManager#checkPermission

     * @see     AWTPermission

     */

    public Robot() throws AWTException {

        if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {

            throw new AWTException("headless environment");

        }

        init(GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment()

            .getDefaultScreenDevice());

    }

    /**

     * Creates a Robot for the given screen device. Coordinates passed

     * to Robot method calls like mouseMove and createScreenCapture will

     * be interpreted as being in the same coordinate system as the

     * specified screen. Note that depending on the platform configuration,

     * multiple screens may either:

     * <ul>

     * <li>share the same coordinate system to form a combined virtual screen</li>

     * <li>use different coordinate systems to act as independent screens</li>

     * </ul>

     * This constructor is meant for the latter case.

     * <p>

     * If screen devices are reconfigured such that the coordinate system is

     * affected, the behavior of existing Robot objects is undefined.

     *

     * @param screen    A screen GraphicsDevice indicating the coordinate

     *                  system the Robot will operate in.

     * @throws  AWTException if the platform configuration does not allow

     * low-level input control.  This exception is always thrown when

     * GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless() returns true.

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if <code>screen</code> is not a screen

     *          GraphicsDevice.

     * @throws  SecurityException if <code>createRobot</code> permission is not granted

     * @see     java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless

     * @see     GraphicsDevice

     * @see     SecurityManager#checkPermission

     * @see     AWTPermission

     */

    public Robot(GraphicsDevice screen) throws AWTException {

        checkIsScreenDevice(screen);

        init(screen);

    }

    private void init(GraphicsDevice screen) throws AWTException {

        checkRobotAllowed();

        Toolkit toolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();

        if (toolkit instanceof ComponentFactory) {

            peer = ((ComponentFactory)toolkit).createRobot(this, screen);

            disposer = new RobotDisposer(peer);

            sun.java2d.Disposer.addRecord(anchor, disposer);

        }

        initLegalButtonMask();

    }

    private static synchronized void initLegalButtonMask() {

        if (LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK != 0) return;

        int tmpMask = 0;

        if (Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()){

            if (Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit() instanceof SunToolkit) {

                final int buttonsNumber = ((SunToolkit)(Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit())).getNumberOfButtons();

                for (int i = 0; i < buttonsNumber; i++){

                    tmpMask |= InputEvent.getMaskForButton(i+1);

                }

            }

        }

        tmpMask |= InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK|

            InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK|

            InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK|

            InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK|

            InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK|

            InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK;

        LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK = tmpMask;

    }

    /* determine if the security policy allows Robot's to be created */

    private void checkRobotAllowed() {

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (security != null) {

            security.checkPermission(AWTPermissions.CREATE_ROBOT_PERMISSION);

        }

    }

    /* check if the given device is a screen device */

    private void checkIsScreenDevice(GraphicsDevice device) {

        if (device == null || device.getType() != GraphicsDevice.TYPE_RASTER_SCREEN) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("not a valid screen device");

        }

    }

    private transient Object anchor = new Object();

    static class RobotDisposer implements sun.java2d.DisposerRecord {

        private final RobotPeer peer;

        public RobotDisposer(RobotPeer peer) {

            this.peer = peer;

        }

        public void dispose() {

            if (peer != null) {

                peer.dispose();

            }

        }

    }

    private transient RobotDisposer disposer;

    /**

     * Moves mouse pointer to given screen coordinates.

     * @param x         X position

     * @param y         Y position

     */

    public synchronized void mouseMove(int x, int y) {

        peer.mouseMove(x, y);

        afterEvent();

    }

    /**

     * Presses one or more mouse buttons.  The mouse buttons should

     * be released using the {@link #mouseRelease(int)} method.

     *

     * @param buttons the Button mask; a combination of one or more

     * mouse button masks.

     * <p>

     * It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a {@code buttons} parameter.

     * A valid combination consists of {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}

     * and values returned by the

     * {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)} method.

     *

     * The valid combination also depends on a

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()} value as follows:

     * <ul>

     * <li> If support for extended mouse buttons is

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java

     * then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}.

     * <li> If support for extended mouse buttons is

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java

     * then it is allowed to use the standard button masks

     * and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons.

     * In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons

     * in the range from 1 to {@link java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons() MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons()}.

     * <br>

     * It is recommended to use the {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)}

     * method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.

     * </ul>

     * <p>

     * The following standard button masks are also accepted:

     * <ul>

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK}

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK}

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK}

     * </ul>

     * However, it is recommended to use {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},  {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK} instead.

     * Either extended {@code _DOWN_MASK} or old {@code _MASK} values

     * should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button

     *         and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button

     *         that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java

     * @see #mouseRelease(int)

     * @see InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int)

     * @see Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()

     * @see java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons()

     * @see java.awt.event.MouseEvent

     */

    public synchronized void mousePress(int buttons) {

        checkButtonsArgument(buttons);

        peer.mousePress(buttons);

        afterEvent();

    }

    /**

     * Releases one or more mouse buttons.

     *

     * @param buttons the Button mask; a combination of one or more

     * mouse button masks.

     * <p>

     * It is allowed to use only a combination of valid values as a {@code buttons} parameter.

     * A valid combination consists of {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}

     * and values returned by the

     * {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)} method.

     *

     * The valid combination also depends on a

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() Toolkit.areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()} value as follows:

     * <ul>

     * <li> If the support for extended mouse buttons is

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java

     * then it is allowed to use only the following standard button masks:

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK}, {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK}.

     * <li> If the support for extended mouse buttons is

     * {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java

     * then it is allowed to use the standard button masks

     * and masks for existing extended mouse buttons, if the mouse has more then three buttons.

     * In that way, it is allowed to use the button masks corresponding to the buttons

     * in the range from 1 to {@link java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons() MouseInfo.getNumberOfButtons()}.

     * <br>

     * It is recommended to use the {@link InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int) InputEvent.getMaskForButton(button)}

     * method to obtain the mask for any mouse button by its number.

     * </ul>

     * <p>

     * The following standard button masks are also accepted:

     * <ul>

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK}

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_MASK}

     * <li>{@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK}

     * </ul>

     * However, it is recommended to use {@code InputEvent.BUTTON1_DOWN_MASK},

     * {@code InputEvent.BUTTON2_DOWN_MASK},  {@code InputEvent.BUTTON3_DOWN_MASK} instead.

     * Either extended {@code _DOWN_MASK} or old {@code _MASK} values

     * should be used, but both those models should not be mixed.

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button

     *         and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() disabled} by Java

     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code buttons} mask contains the mask for extra mouse button

     *         that does not exist on the mouse and support for extended mouse buttons is {@link Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled() enabled} by Java

     * @see #mousePress(int)

     * @see InputEvent#getMaskForButton(int)

     * @see Toolkit#areExtraMouseButtonsEnabled()

     * @see java.awt.MouseInfo#getNumberOfButtons()

     * @see java.awt.event.MouseEvent

     */

    public synchronized void mouseRelease(int buttons) {

        checkButtonsArgument(buttons);

        peer.mouseRelease(buttons);

        afterEvent();

    }

    private void checkButtonsArgument(int buttons) {

        if ( (buttons|LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK) != LEGAL_BUTTON_MASK ) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid combination of button flags");

        }

    }

    /**

     * Rotates the scroll wheel on wheel-equipped mice.

     *

     * @param wheelAmt  number of "notches" to move the mouse wheel

     *                  Negative values indicate movement up/away from the user,

     *                  positive values indicate movement down/towards the user.

     *

     * @since 1.4

     */

    public synchronized void mouseWheel(int wheelAmt) {

        peer.mouseWheel(wheelAmt);

        afterEvent();

    }

    /**

     * Presses a given key.  The key should be released using the

     * <code>keyRelease</code> method.

     * <p>

     * Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them

     * (e.g. <code>KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT</code> could mean either the

     * left or right shift key) will map to the left key.

     *

     * @param   keycode Key to press (e.g. <code>KeyEvent.VK_A</code>)

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if <code>keycode</code> is not

     *          a valid key

     * @see     #keyRelease(int)

     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent

     */

    public synchronized void keyPress(int keycode) {

        checkKeycodeArgument(keycode);

        peer.keyPress(keycode);

        afterEvent();

    }

    /**

     * Releases a given key.

     * <p>

     * Key codes that have more than one physical key associated with them

     * (e.g. <code>KeyEvent.VK_SHIFT</code> could mean either the

     * left or right shift key) will map to the left key.

     *

     * @param   keycode Key to release (e.g. <code>KeyEvent.VK_A</code>)

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if <code>keycode</code> is not a

     *          valid key

     * @see  #keyPress(int)

     * @see     java.awt.event.KeyEvent

     */

    public synchronized void keyRelease(int keycode) {

        checkKeycodeArgument(keycode);

        peer.keyRelease(keycode);

        afterEvent();

    }

    private void checkKeycodeArgument(int keycode) {

        // rather than build a big table or switch statement here, we'll

        // just check that the key isn't VK_UNDEFINED and assume that the

        // peer implementations will throw an exception for other bogus

        // values e.g. -1, 999999

        if (keycode == KeyEvent.VK_UNDEFINED) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid key code");

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns the color of a pixel at the given screen coordinates.

     * @param   x       X position of pixel

     * @param   y       Y position of pixel

     * @return  Color of the pixel

     */

    public synchronized Color getPixelColor(int x, int y) {

        Color color = new Color(peer.getRGBPixel(x, y));

        return color;

    }

    /**

     * Creates an image containing pixels read from the screen.  This image does

     * not include the mouse cursor.

     * @param   screenRect      Rect to capture in screen coordinates

     * @return  The captured image

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if <code>screenRect</code> width and height are not greater than zero

     * @throws  SecurityException if <code>readDisplayPixels</code> permission is not granted

     * @see     SecurityManager#checkPermission

     * @see     AWTPermission

     */

    public synchronized BufferedImage createScreenCapture(Rectangle screenRect) {

        checkScreenCaptureAllowed();

        checkValidRect(screenRect);

        BufferedImage image;

        DataBufferInt buffer;

        WritableRaster raster;

        if (screenCapCM == null) {

            /*

             * Fix for 4285201

             * Create a DirectColorModel equivalent to the default RGB ColorModel,

             * except with no Alpha component.

             */

            screenCapCM = new DirectColorModel(24,

                                               /* red mask */    0x00FF0000,

                                               /* green mask */  0x0000FF00,

                                               /* blue mask */   0x000000FF);

        }

        // need to sync the toolkit prior to grabbing the pixels since in some

        // cases rendering to the screen may be delayed

        Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();

        int pixels[];

        int[] bandmasks = new int[3];

        pixels = peer.getRGBPixels(screenRect);

        buffer = new DataBufferInt(pixels, pixels.length);

        bandmasks[0] = screenCapCM.getRedMask();

        bandmasks[1] = screenCapCM.getGreenMask();

        bandmasks[2] = screenCapCM.getBlueMask();

        raster = Raster.createPackedRaster(buffer, screenRect.width, screenRect.height, screenRect.width, bandmasks, null);

        SunWritableRaster.makeTrackable(buffer);

        image = new BufferedImage(screenCapCM, raster, false, null);

        return image;

    }

    private static void checkValidRect(Rectangle rect) {

        if (rect.width <= 0 || rect.height <= 0) {

            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Rectangle width and height must be > 0");

        }

    }

    private static void checkScreenCaptureAllowed() {

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();

        if (security != null) {

            security.checkPermission(AWTPermissions.READ_DISPLAY_PIXELS_PERMISSION);

        }

    }

    /*

     * Called after an event is generated

     */

    private void afterEvent() {

        autoWaitForIdle();

        autoDelay();

    }

    /**

     * Returns whether this Robot automatically invokes <code>waitForIdle</code>

     * after generating an event.

     * @return Whether <code>waitForIdle</code> is automatically called

     */

    public synchronized boolean isAutoWaitForIdle() {

        return isAutoWaitForIdle;

    }

    /**

     * Sets whether this Robot automatically invokes <code>waitForIdle</code>

     * after generating an event.

     * @param   isOn    Whether <code>waitForIdle</code> is automatically invoked

     */

    public synchronized void setAutoWaitForIdle(boolean isOn) {

        isAutoWaitForIdle = isOn;

    }

    /*

     * Calls waitForIdle after every event if so desired.

     */

    private void autoWaitForIdle() {

        if (isAutoWaitForIdle) {

            waitForIdle();

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.

     */

    public synchronized int getAutoDelay() {

        return autoDelay;

    }

    /**

     * Sets the number of milliseconds this Robot sleeps after generating an event.

     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException If <code>ms</code> is not between 0 and 60,000 milliseconds inclusive

     */

    public synchronized void setAutoDelay(int ms) {

        checkDelayArgument(ms);

        autoDelay = ms;

    }

    /*

     * Automatically sleeps for the specified interval after event generated.