src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/locks/AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code).
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
*
* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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/*
* This file is available under and governed by the GNU General Public
* License version 2 only, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
* However, the following notice accompanied the original version of this
* file:
*
* Written by Doug Lea with assistance from members of JCP JSR-166
* Expert Group and released to the public domain, as explained at
* http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
*/
package java.util.concurrent.locks;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool;
import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
/**
* A version of {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} in
* which synchronization state is maintained as a {@code long}.
* This class has exactly the same structure, properties, and methods
* as {@code AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} with the exception
* that all state-related parameters and results are defined
* as {@code long} rather than {@code int}. This class
* may be useful when creating synchronizers such as
* multilevel locks and barriers that require
* 64 bits of state.
*
* <p>See {@link AbstractQueuedSynchronizer} for usage
* notes and examples.
*
* @since 1.6
* @author Doug Lea
*/
public abstract class AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer
extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer
implements java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 7373984972572414692L;
/*
* To keep sources in sync, the remainder of this source file is
* exactly cloned from AbstractQueuedSynchronizer, replacing class
* name and changing ints related with sync state to longs. Please
* keep it that way.
*/
// Node status bits, also used as argument and return values
static final int WAITING = 1; // must be 1
static final int CANCELLED = 0x80000000; // must be negative
static final int COND = 2; // in a condition wait
/** CLH Nodes */
abstract static class Node {
volatile Node prev; // initially attached via casTail
volatile Node next; // visibly nonnull when signallable
Thread waiter; // visibly nonnull when enqueued
volatile int status; // written by owner, atomic bit ops by others
// methods for atomic operations
final boolean casPrev(Node c, Node v) { // for cleanQueue
return U.weakCompareAndSetReference(this, PREV, c, v);
}
final boolean casNext(Node c, Node v) { // for cleanQueue
return U.weakCompareAndSetReference(this, NEXT, c, v);
}
final int getAndUnsetStatus(int v) { // for signalling
return U.getAndBitwiseAndInt(this, STATUS, ~v);
}
final void setPrevRelaxed(Node p) { // for off-queue assignment
U.putReference(this, PREV, p);
}
final void setStatusRelaxed(int s) { // for off-queue assignment
U.putInt(this, STATUS, s);
}
final void clearStatus() { // for reducing unneeded signals
U.putIntOpaque(this, STATUS, 0);
}
private static final long STATUS
= U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "status");
private static final long NEXT
= U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "next");
private static final long PREV
= U.objectFieldOffset(Node.class, "prev");
}
// Concrete classes tagged by type
static final class ExclusiveNode extends Node { }
static final class SharedNode extends Node { }
static final class ConditionNode extends Node
implements ForkJoinPool.ManagedBlocker {
ConditionNode nextWaiter; // link to next waiting node
/**
* Allows Conditions to be used in ForkJoinPools without
* risking fixed pool exhaustion. This is usable only for
* untimed Condition waits, not timed versions.
*/
public final boolean isReleasable() {
return status <= 1 || Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted();
}
public final boolean block() {
while (!isReleasable()) LockSupport.park();
return true;
}
}
/**
* Head of the wait queue, lazily initialized.
*/
private transient volatile Node head;
/**
* Tail of the wait queue. After initialization, modified only via casTail.
*/
private transient volatile Node tail;
/**
* The synchronization state.
*/
private volatile long state;
/**
* Returns the current value of synchronization state.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read.
* @return current state value
*/
protected final long getState() {
return state;
}
/**
* Sets the value of synchronization state.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} write.
* @param newState the new state value
*/
protected final void setState(long newState) {
state = newState;
}
/**
* Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
* value if the current state value equals the expected value.
* This operation has memory semantics of a {@code volatile} read
* and write.
*
* @param expect the expected value
* @param update the new value
* @return {@code true} if successful. False return indicates that the actual
* value was not equal to the expected value.
*/
protected final boolean compareAndSetState(long expect, long update) {
return U.compareAndSetLong(this, STATE, expect, update);
}
// Queuing utilities
private boolean casTail(Node c, Node v) {
return U.compareAndSetReference(this, TAIL, c, v);
}
/** tries once to CAS a new dummy node for head */
private void tryInitializeHead() {
Node h = new ExclusiveNode();
if (U.compareAndSetReference(this, HEAD, null, h))
tail = h;
}
/**
* Enqueues the node unless null. (Currently used only for
* ConditionNodes; other cases are interleaved with acquires.)
*/
final void enqueue(Node node) {
if (node != null) {
for (;;) {
Node t = tail;
node.setPrevRelaxed(t); // avoid unnecessary fence
if (t == null) // initialize
tryInitializeHead();
else if (casTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
if (t.status < 0) // wake up to clean link
LockSupport.unpark(node.waiter);
break;
}
}
}
}
/** Returns true if node is found in traversal from tail */
final boolean isEnqueued(Node node) {
for (Node t = tail; t != null; t = t.prev)
if (t == node)
return true;
return false;
}
/**
* Wakes up the successor of given node, if one exists, and unsets its
* WAITING status to avoid park race. This may fail to wake up an
* eligible thread when one or more have been cancelled, but
* cancelAcquire ensures liveness.
*/
private static void signalNext(Node h) {
Node s;
if (h != null && (s = h.next) != null && s.status != 0) {
s.getAndUnsetStatus(WAITING);
LockSupport.unpark(s.waiter);
}
}
/** Wakes up the given node if in shared mode */
private static void signalNextIfShared(Node h) {
Node s;
if (h != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
(s instanceof SharedNode) && s.status != 0) {
s.getAndUnsetStatus(WAITING);
LockSupport.unpark(s.waiter);
}
}
/**
* Main acquire method, invoked by all exported acquire methods.
*
* @param node null unless a reacquiring Condition
* @param arg the acquire argument
* @param shared true if shared mode else exclusive
* @param interruptible if abort and return negative on interrupt
* @param timed if true use timed waits
* @param time if timed, the System.nanoTime value to timeout
* @return positive if acquired, 0 if timed out, negative if interrupted
*/
final int acquire(Node node, long arg, boolean shared,
boolean interruptible, boolean timed, long time) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
byte spins = 0, postSpins = 0; // retries upon unpark of first thread
boolean interrupted = false, first = false;
Node pred = null; // predecessor of node when enqueued
/*
* Repeatedly:
* Check if node now first
* if so, ensure head stable, else ensure valid predecessor
* if node is first or not yet enqueued, try acquiring
* else if node not yet created, create it
* else if not yet enqueued, try once to enqueue
* else if woken from park, retry (up to postSpins times)
* else if WAITING status not set, set and retry
* else park and clear WAITING status, and check cancellation
*/
for (;;) {
if (!first && (pred = (node == null) ? null : node.prev) != null &&
!(first = (head == pred))) {
if (pred.status < 0) {
cleanQueue(); // predecessor cancelled
continue;
} else if (pred.prev == null) {
Thread.onSpinWait(); // ensure serialization
continue;
}
}
if (first || pred == null) {
boolean acquired;
try {
if (shared)
acquired = (tryAcquireShared(arg) >= 0);
else
acquired = tryAcquire(arg);
} catch (Throwable ex) {
cancelAcquire(node, interrupted, false);
throw ex;
}
if (acquired) {
if (first) {
node.prev = null;
head = node;
pred.next = null;
node.waiter = null;
if (shared)
signalNextIfShared(node);
if (interrupted)
current.interrupt();
}
return 1;
}
}
if (node == null) { // allocate; retry before enqueue
if (shared)
node = new SharedNode();
else
node = new ExclusiveNode();
} else if (pred == null) { // try to enqueue
node.waiter = current;
Node t = tail;
node.setPrevRelaxed(t); // avoid unnecessary fence
if (t == null)
tryInitializeHead();
else if (!casTail(t, node))
node.setPrevRelaxed(null); // back out
else
t.next = node;
} else if (first && spins != 0) {
--spins; // reduce unfairness on rewaits
Thread.onSpinWait();
} else if (node.status == 0) {
node.status = WAITING; // enable signal and recheck
} else {
long nanos;
spins = postSpins = (byte)((postSpins << 1) | 1);
if (!timed)
LockSupport.park(this);
else if ((nanos = time - System.nanoTime()) > 0L)
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
else
break;
node.clearStatus();
if ((interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) && interruptible)
break;
}
}
return cancelAcquire(node, interrupted, interruptible);
}
/**
* Possibly repeatedly traverses from tail, unsplicing cancelled
* nodes until none are found.
*/
private void cleanQueue() {
for (;;) { // restart point
for (Node q = tail, s = null, p, n;;) { // (p, q, s) triples
if (q == null || (p = q.prev) == null)
return; // end of list
if (s == null ? tail != q : (s.prev != q || s.status < 0))
break; // inconsistent
if (q.status < 0) { // cancelled
if ((s == null ? casTail(q, p) : s.casPrev(q, p)) &&
q.prev == p) {
p.casNext(q, s); // OK if fails
if (p.prev == null)
signalNext(p);
}
break;
}
if ((n = p.next) != q) { // help finish
if (n != null && q.prev == p) {
p.casNext(n, q);
if (p.prev == null)
signalNext(p);
}
break;
}
s = q;
q = q.prev;
}
}
}
/**
* Cancels an ongoing attempt to acquire.
*
* @param node the node (may be null if cancelled before enqueuing)
* @param interrupted true if thread interrupted
* @param interruptible if should report interruption vs reset
*/
private int cancelAcquire(Node node, boolean interrupted,
boolean interruptible) {
if (node != null) {
node.waiter = null;
node.status = CANCELLED;
if (node.prev != null)
cleanQueue();
}
if (interrupted) {
if (interruptible)
return CANCELLED;
else
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
return 0;
}
// Main exported methods
/**
* Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode. This method should query
* if the state of the object permits it to be acquired in the
* exclusive mode, and if so to acquire it.
*
* <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing
* acquire. If this method reports failure, the acquire method
* may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
* signalled by a release from some other thread. This can be used
* to implement method {@link Lock#tryLock()}.
*
* <p>The default
* implementation throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is always the one
* passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
* to a condition wait. The value is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
* @return {@code true} if successful. Upon success, this object has
* been acquired.
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if acquiring would place this
* synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
* thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
* correctly.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
*/
protected boolean tryAcquire(long arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in exclusive
* mode.
*
* <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
*
* <p>The default implementation throws
* {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @param arg the release argument. This value is always the one
* passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
* entry to a condition wait. The value is otherwise
* uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.
* @return {@code true} if this object is now in a fully released
* state, so that any waiting threads may attempt to acquire;
* and {@code false} otherwise.
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if releasing would place this
* synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
* thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
* correctly.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if exclusive mode is not supported
*/
protected boolean tryRelease(long arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Attempts to acquire in shared mode. This method should query if
* the state of the object permits it to be acquired in the shared
* mode, and if so to acquire it.
*
* <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing
* acquire. If this method reports failure, the acquire method
* may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
* signalled by a release from some other thread.
*
* <p>The default implementation throws {@link
* UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is always the one
* passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
* to a condition wait. The value is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
* @return a negative value on failure; zero if acquisition in shared
* mode succeeded but no subsequent shared-mode acquire can
* succeed; and a positive value if acquisition in shared
* mode succeeded and subsequent shared-mode acquires might
* also succeed, in which case a subsequent waiting thread
* must check availability. (Support for three different
* return values enables this method to be used in contexts
* where acquires only sometimes act exclusively.) Upon
* success, this object has been acquired.
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if acquiring would place this
* synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
* thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
* correctly.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if shared mode is not supported
*/
protected long tryAcquireShared(long arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in shared mode.
*
* <p>This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
*
* <p>The default implementation throws
* {@link UnsupportedOperationException}.
*
* @param arg the release argument. This value is always the one
* passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
* entry to a condition wait. The value is otherwise
* uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.
* @return {@code true} if this release of shared mode may permit a
* waiting acquire (shared or exclusive) to succeed; and
* {@code false} otherwise
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if releasing would place this
* synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
* thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
* correctly.
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if shared mode is not supported
*/
protected boolean tryReleaseShared(long arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if synchronization is held exclusively with
* respect to the current (calling) thread. This method is invoked
* upon each call to a {@link ConditionObject} method.
*
* <p>The default implementation throws {@link
* UnsupportedOperationException}. This method is invoked
* internally only within {@link ConditionObject} methods, so need
* not be defined if conditions are not used.
*
* @return {@code true} if synchronization is held exclusively;
* {@code false} otherwise
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException if conditions are not supported
*/
protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented
* by invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquire},
* returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
* repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
* #tryAcquire} until success. This method can be used
* to implement method {@link Lock#lock}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
*/
public final void acquire(long arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg))
acquire(null, arg, false, false, false, 0L);
}
/**
* Acquires in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted.
* Implemented by first checking interrupt status, then invoking
* at least once {@link #tryAcquire}, returning on
* success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly repeatedly
* blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link #tryAcquire}
* until success or the thread is interrupted. This method can be
* used to implement method {@link Lock#lockInterruptibly}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final void acquireInterruptibly(long arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted() ||
(!tryAcquire(arg) && acquire(null, arg, false, true, false, 0L) < 0))
throw new InterruptedException();
}
/**
* Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted,
* and failing if the given timeout elapses. Implemented by first
* checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once {@link
* #tryAcquire}, returning on success. Otherwise, the thread is
* queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking
* {@link #tryAcquire} until success or the thread is interrupted
* or the timeout elapses. This method can be used to implement
* method {@link Lock#tryLock(long, TimeUnit)}.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquire} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
* @param nanosTimeout the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
* @return {@code true} if acquired; {@code false} if timed out
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final boolean tryAcquireNanos(long arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (!Thread.interrupted()) {
if (tryAcquire(arg))
return true;
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
return false;
int stat = acquire(null, arg, false, true, true,
System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout);
if (stat > 0)
return true;
if (stat == 0)
return false;
}
throw new InterruptedException();
}
/**
* Releases in exclusive mode. Implemented by unblocking one or
* more threads if {@link #tryRelease} returns true.
* This method can be used to implement method {@link Lock#unlock}.
*
* @param arg the release argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryRelease} but is otherwise uninterpreted and
* can represent anything you like.
* @return the value returned from {@link #tryRelease}
*/
public final boolean release(long arg) {
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
signalNext(head);
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Acquires in shared mode, ignoring interrupts. Implemented by
* first invoking at least once {@link #tryAcquireShared},
* returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
* repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking {@link
* #tryAcquireShared} until success.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
*/
public final void acquireShared(long arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
acquire(null, arg, true, false, false, 0L);
}
/**
* Acquires in shared mode, aborting if interrupted. Implemented
* by first checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once
* {@link #tryAcquireShared}, returning on success. Otherwise the
* thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
* invoking {@link #tryAcquireShared} until success or the thread
* is interrupted.
* @param arg the acquire argument.
* This value is conveyed to {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is
* otherwise uninterpreted and can represent anything
* you like.
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(long arg)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted() ||
(tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0 &&
acquire(null, arg, true, true, false, 0L) < 0))
throw new InterruptedException();
}
/**
* Attempts to acquire in shared mode, aborting if interrupted, and
* failing if the given timeout elapses. Implemented by first
* checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once {@link
* #tryAcquireShared}, returning on success. Otherwise, the
* thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
* invoking {@link #tryAcquireShared} until success or the thread
* is interrupted or the timeout elapses.
*
* @param arg the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
* @param nanosTimeout the maximum number of nanoseconds to wait
* @return {@code true} if acquired; {@code false} if timed out
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public final boolean tryAcquireSharedNanos(long arg, long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (!Thread.interrupted()) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) >= 0)
return true;
if (nanosTimeout <= 0L)
return false;
int stat = acquire(null, arg, true, true, true,
System.nanoTime() + nanosTimeout);
if (stat > 0)
return true;
if (stat == 0)
return false;
}
throw new InterruptedException();
}
/**
* Releases in shared mode. Implemented by unblocking one or more
* threads if {@link #tryReleaseShared} returns true.
*
* @param arg the release argument. This value is conveyed to
* {@link #tryReleaseShared} but is otherwise uninterpreted
* and can represent anything you like.
* @return the value returned from {@link #tryReleaseShared}
*/
public final boolean releaseShared(long arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
signalNext(head);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Queue inspection methods
/**
* Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire. Note that
* because cancellations due to interrupts and timeouts may occur
* at any time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee that any
* other thread will ever acquire.
*
* @return {@code true} if there may be other threads waiting to acquire
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
for (Node p = tail, h = head; p != h && p != null; p = p.prev)
if (p.status >= 0)
return true;
return false;
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads have ever contended to acquire this
* synchronizer; that is, if an acquire method has ever blocked.
*
* <p>In this implementation, this operation returns in
* constant time.
*
* @return {@code true} if there has ever been contention
*/
public final boolean hasContended() {
return head != null;
}
/**
* Returns the first (longest-waiting) thread in the queue, or
* {@code null} if no threads are currently queued.
*
* <p>In this implementation, this operation normally returns in
* constant time, but may iterate upon contention if other threads are
* concurrently modifying the queue.
*
* @return the first (longest-waiting) thread in the queue, or
* {@code null} if no threads are currently queued
*/
public final Thread getFirstQueuedThread() {
Thread first = null, w; Node h, s;
if ((h = head) != null && ((s = h.next) == null ||
(first = s.waiter) == null ||
s.prev == null)) {
// traverse from tail on stale reads
for (Node p = tail, q; p != null && (q = p.prev) != null; p = q)
if ((w = p.waiter) != null)
first = w;
}
return first;
}
/**
* Returns true if the given thread is currently queued.
*
* <p>This implementation traverses the queue to determine
* presence of the given thread.
*
* @param thread the thread
* @return {@code true} if the given thread is on the queue
* @throws NullPointerException if the thread is null
*/
public final boolean isQueued(Thread thread) {
if (thread == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev)
if (p.waiter == thread)
return true;
return false;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the apparent first queued thread, if one
* exists, is waiting in exclusive mode. If this method returns
* {@code true}, and the current thread is attempting to acquire in
* shared mode (that is, this method is invoked from {@link
* #tryAcquireShared}) then it is guaranteed that the current thread
* is not the first queued thread. Used only as a heuristic in
* ReentrantReadWriteLock.
*/
final boolean apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive() {
Node h, s;
return (h = head) != null && (s = h.next) != null &&
!(s instanceof SharedNode) && s.waiter != null;
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads have been waiting to acquire longer
* than the current thread.
*
* <p>An invocation of this method is equivalent to (but may be
* more efficient than):
* <pre> {@code
* getFirstQueuedThread() != Thread.currentThread()
* && hasQueuedThreads()}</pre>
*
* <p>Note that because cancellations due to interrupts and
* timeouts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not
* guarantee that some other thread will acquire before the current
* thread. Likewise, it is possible for another thread to win a
* race to enqueue after this method has returned {@code false},
* due to the queue being empty.
*
* <p>This method is designed to be used by a fair synchronizer to
* avoid <a href="AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.html#barging">barging</a>.
* Such a synchronizer's {@link #tryAcquire} method should return
* {@code false}, and its {@link #tryAcquireShared} method should
* return a negative value, if this method returns {@code true}
* (unless this is a reentrant acquire). For example, the {@code
* tryAcquire} method for a fair, reentrant, exclusive mode
* synchronizer might look like this:
*
* <pre> {@code
* protected boolean tryAcquire(long arg) {
* if (isHeldExclusively()) {
* // A reentrant acquire; increment hold count
* return true;
* } else if (hasQueuedPredecessors()) {
* return false;
* } else {
* // try to acquire normally
* }
* }}</pre>
*
* @return {@code true} if there is a queued thread preceding the
* current thread, and {@code false} if the current thread
* is at the head of the queue or the queue is empty
* @since 1.7
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() {
Thread first = null; Node h, s;
if ((h = head) != null && ((s = h.next) == null ||
(first = s.waiter) == null ||
s.prev == null))
first = getFirstQueuedThread(); // retry via getFirstQueuedThread
return first != null && first != Thread.currentThread();
}
// Instrumentation and monitoring methods
/**
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to
* acquire. The value is only an estimate because the number of
* threads may change dynamically while this method traverses
* internal data structures. This method is designed for use in
* monitoring system state, not for synchronization control.
*
* @return the estimated number of threads waiting to acquire
*/
public final int getQueueLength() {
int n = 0;
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (p.waiter != null)
++n;
}
return n;
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire. Because the actual set of threads may change
* dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
* collection is only a best-effort estimate. The elements of the
* returned collection are in no particular order. This method is
* designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
* more extensive monitoring facilities.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
public final Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
Thread t = p.waiter;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
return list;
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire in exclusive mode. This has the same properties
* as {@link #getQueuedThreads} except that it only returns
* those threads waiting due to an exclusive acquire.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
public final Collection<Thread> getExclusiveQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (!(p instanceof SharedNode)) {
Thread t = p.waiter;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire in shared mode. This has the same properties
* as {@link #getQueuedThreads} except that it only returns
* those threads waiting due to a shared acquire.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
public final Collection<Thread> getSharedQueuedThreads() {
ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (Node p = tail; p != null; p = p.prev) {
if (p instanceof SharedNode) {
Thread t = p.waiter;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
}
return list;
}
/**
* Returns a string identifying this synchronizer, as well as its state.
* The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "State ="}
* followed by the current value of {@link #getState}, and either
* {@code "nonempty"} or {@code "empty"} depending on whether the
* queue is empty.
*
* @return a string identifying this synchronizer, as well as its state
*/
public String toString() {
return super.toString()
+ "[State = " + getState() + ", "
+ (hasQueuedThreads() ? "non" : "") + "empty queue]";
}
// Instrumentation methods for conditions
/**
* Queries whether the given ConditionObject
* uses this synchronizer as its lock.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return {@code true} if owned
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public final boolean owns(ConditionObject condition) {
return condition.isOwnedBy(this);
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
* associated with this synchronizer. Note that because timeouts
* and interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return
* does not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken
* any threads. This method is designed primarily for use in
* monitoring of the system state.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if exclusive synchronization
* is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this synchronizer
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public final boolean hasWaiters(ConditionObject condition) {
if (!owns(condition))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
return condition.hasWaiters();
}
/**
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
* given condition associated with this synchronizer. Note that
* because timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the
* estimate serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of
* waiters. This method is designed for use in monitoring system
* state, not for synchronization control.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return the estimated number of waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if exclusive synchronization
* is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this synchronizer
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public final int getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject condition) {
if (!owns(condition))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
return condition.getWaitQueueLength();
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
* waiting on the given condition associated with this
* synchronizer. Because the actual set of threads may change
* dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
* collection is only a best-effort estimate. The elements of the
* returned collection are in no particular order.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return the collection of threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if exclusive synchronization
* is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this synchronizer
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(ConditionObject condition) {
if (!owns(condition))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not owner");
return condition.getWaitingThreads();
}
/**
* Condition implementation for a {@link AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer}
* serving as the basis of a {@link Lock} implementation.
*
* <p>Method documentation for this class describes mechanics,
* not behavioral specifications from the point of view of Lock
* and Condition users. Exported versions of this class will in
* general need to be accompanied by documentation describing
* condition semantics that rely on those of the associated
* {@code AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer}.
*
* <p>This class is Serializable, but all fields are transient,
* so deserialized conditions have no waiters.
*/
public class ConditionObject implements Condition, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1173984872572414699L;
/** First node of condition queue. */
private transient ConditionNode firstWaiter;
/** Last node of condition queue. */
private transient ConditionNode lastWaiter;
/**
* Creates a new {@code ConditionObject} instance.
*/
public ConditionObject() { }
// Signalling methods
/**
* Removes and transfers one or all waiters to sync queue.
*/
private void doSignal(ConditionNode first, boolean all) {
while (first != null) {
ConditionNode next = first.nextWaiter;
if ((firstWaiter = next) == null)
lastWaiter = null;
if ((first.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0) {
enqueue(first);
if (!all)
break;
}
first = next;
}
}
/**
* Moves the longest-waiting thread, if one exists, from the
* wait queue for this condition to the wait queue for the
* owning lock.
*
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
* returns {@code false}
*/
public final void signal() {
ConditionNode first = firstWaiter;
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
if (first != null)
doSignal(first, false);
}
/**
* Moves all threads from the wait queue for this condition to
* the wait queue for the owning lock.
*
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
* returns {@code false}
*/
public final void signalAll() {
ConditionNode first = firstWaiter;
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
if (first != null)
doSignal(first, true);
}
// Waiting methods
/**
* Adds node to condition list and releases lock.
*
* @param node the node
* @return savedState to reacquire after wait
*/
private long enableWait(ConditionNode node) {
if (isHeldExclusively()) {
node.waiter = Thread.currentThread();
node.setStatusRelaxed(COND | WAITING);
ConditionNode last = lastWaiter;
if (last == null)
firstWaiter = node;
else
last.nextWaiter = node;
lastWaiter = node;
long savedState = getState();
if (release(savedState))
return savedState;
}
node.status = CANCELLED; // lock not held or inconsistent
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
}
/**
* Returns true if a node that was initially placed on a condition
* queue is now ready to reacquire on sync queue.
* @param node the node
* @return true if is reacquiring
*/
private boolean canReacquire(ConditionNode node) {
// check links, not status to avoid enqueue race
return node != null && node.prev != null && isEnqueued(node);
}
/**
* Unlinks the given node and other non-waiting nodes from
* condition queue unless already unlinked.
*/
private void unlinkCancelledWaiters(ConditionNode node) {
if (node == null || node.nextWaiter != null || node == lastWaiter) {
ConditionNode w = firstWaiter, trail = null;
while (w != null) {
ConditionNode next = w.nextWaiter;
if ((w.status & COND) == 0) {
w.nextWaiter = null;
if (trail == null)
firstWaiter = next;
else
trail.nextWaiter = next;
if (next == null)
lastWaiter = trail;
} else
trail = w;
w = next;
}
}
}
/**
* Implements uninterruptible condition wait.
* <ol>
* <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
* <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
* throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
* <li>Block until signalled.
* <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
* {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
* </ol>
*/
public final void awaitUninterruptibly() {
ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
long savedState = enableWait(node);
LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(this); // for back-compatibility
boolean interrupted = false;
while (!canReacquire(node)) {
if (Thread.interrupted())
interrupted = true;
else if ((node.status & COND) != 0) {
try {
ForkJoinPool.managedBlock(node);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
interrupted = true;
}
} else
Thread.onSpinWait(); // awoke while enqueuing
}
LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(null);
node.clearStatus();
acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
if (interrupted)
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
/**
* Implements interruptible condition wait.
* <ol>
* <li>If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
* <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
* throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
* <li>Block until signalled or interrupted.
* <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
* {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
* <li>If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
* </ol>
*/
public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
long savedState = enableWait(node);
LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(this); // for back-compatibility
boolean interrupted = false, cancelled = false;
while (!canReacquire(node)) {
if (interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) {
if (cancelled = (node.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0)
break; // else interrupted after signal
} else if ((node.status & COND) != 0) {
try {
ForkJoinPool.managedBlock(node);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
interrupted = true;
}
} else
Thread.onSpinWait(); // awoke while enqueuing
}
LockSupport.setCurrentBlocker(null);
node.clearStatus();
acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
if (interrupted) {
if (cancelled) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters(node);
throw new InterruptedException();
}
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
/**
* Implements timed condition wait.
* <ol>
* <li>If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
* <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
* throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
* <li>Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
* <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
* {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
* <li>If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
* </ol>
*/
public final long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout)
throws InterruptedException {
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
long savedState = enableWait(node);
long nanos = (nanosTimeout < 0L) ? 0L : nanosTimeout;
long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanos;
boolean cancelled = false, interrupted = false;
while (!canReacquire(node)) {
if ((interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) ||
(nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime()) <= 0L) {
if (cancelled = (node.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0)
break;
} else
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
node.clearStatus();
acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
if (cancelled) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters(node);
if (interrupted)
throw new InterruptedException();
} else if (interrupted)
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
long remaining = deadline - System.nanoTime(); // avoid overflow
return (remaining <= nanosTimeout) ? remaining : Long.MIN_VALUE;
}
/**
* Implements absolute timed condition wait.
* <ol>
* <li>If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
* <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
* throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
* <li>Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
* <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
* {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
* <li>If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>If timed out while blocked in step 4, return false, else true.
* </ol>
*/
public final boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline)
throws InterruptedException {
long abstime = deadline.getTime();
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
long savedState = enableWait(node);
boolean cancelled = false, interrupted = false;
while (!canReacquire(node)) {
if ((interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) ||
System.currentTimeMillis() >= abstime) {
if (cancelled = (node.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0)
break;
} else
LockSupport.parkUntil(this, abstime);
}
node.clearStatus();
acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
if (cancelled) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters(node);
if (interrupted)
throw new InterruptedException();
} else if (interrupted)
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
return !cancelled;
}
/**
* Implements timed condition wait.
* <ol>
* <li>If current thread is interrupted, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>Save lock state returned by {@link #getState}.
* <li>Invoke {@link #release} with saved state as argument,
* throwing IllegalMonitorStateException if it fails.
* <li>Block until signalled, interrupted, or timed out.
* <li>Reacquire by invoking specialized version of
* {@link #acquire} with saved state as argument.
* <li>If interrupted while blocked in step 4, throw InterruptedException.
* <li>If timed out while blocked in step 4, return false, else true.
* </ol>
*/
public final boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
long nanosTimeout = unit.toNanos(time);
if (Thread.interrupted())
throw new InterruptedException();
ConditionNode node = new ConditionNode();
long savedState = enableWait(node);
long nanos = (nanosTimeout < 0L) ? 0L : nanosTimeout;
long deadline = System.nanoTime() + nanos;
boolean cancelled = false, interrupted = false;
while (!canReacquire(node)) {
if ((interrupted |= Thread.interrupted()) ||
(nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime()) <= 0L) {
if (cancelled = (node.getAndUnsetStatus(COND) & COND) != 0)
break;
} else
LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
}
node.clearStatus();
acquire(node, savedState, false, false, false, 0L);
if (cancelled) {
unlinkCancelledWaiters(node);
if (interrupted)
throw new InterruptedException();
} else if (interrupted)
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
return !cancelled;
}
// support for instrumentation
/**
* Returns true if this condition was created by the given
* synchronization object.
*
* @return {@code true} if owned
*/
final boolean isOwnedBy(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer sync) {
return sync == AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.this;
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads are waiting on this condition.
* Implements {@link AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer#hasWaiters(ConditionObject)}.
*
* @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
* returns {@code false}
*/
protected final boolean hasWaiters() {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
for (ConditionNode w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
if ((w.status & COND) != 0)
return true;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on
* this condition.
* Implements {@link AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer#getWaitQueueLength(ConditionObject)}.
*
* @return the estimated number of waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
* returns {@code false}
*/
protected final int getWaitQueueLength() {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
int n = 0;
for (ConditionNode w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
if ((w.status & COND) != 0)
++n;
}
return n;
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
* waiting on this Condition.
* Implements {@link AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer#getWaitingThreads(ConditionObject)}.
*
* @return the collection of threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if {@link #isHeldExclusively}
* returns {@code false}
*/
protected final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads() {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
ArrayList<Thread> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (ConditionNode w = firstWaiter; w != null; w = w.nextWaiter) {
if ((w.status & COND) != 0) {
Thread t = w.waiter;
if (t != null)
list.add(t);
}
}
return list;
}
}
// Unsafe
private static final Unsafe U = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
private static final long STATE
= U.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.class, "state");
private static final long HEAD
= U.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.class, "head");
private static final long TAIL
= U.objectFieldOffset(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.class, "tail");
static {
Class<?> ensureLoaded = LockSupport.class;
}
}