8029235: Update copyright year to match last edit in jdk8 jdk repository for 2013
Summary: updated files with 2011, 2012 and 2013 years according to the file's last updated date
Reviewed-by: tbell, lancea, chegar
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Defines buffers, which are containers for data, and provides an overview of the
other NIO packages.
<p> The central abstractions of the NIO APIs are: </p>
<ul>
<li><p> <a href="#buffers"><i>Buffers</i></a>, which are containers for data;
</p></li>
<li><p> <a href="charset/package-summary.html"><i>Charsets</i></a> and their
associated <i>decoders</i> and <i>encoders</i>, <br> which translate between
bytes and Unicode characters; </p></li>
<li><p> <a href="channels/package-summary.html"><i>Channels</i></a> of
various types, which represent connections <br> to entities capable of
performing I/O operations; and </p></li>
<li><p> <i>Selectors</i> and <i>selection keys</i>, which together with <br>
<i>selectable channels</i> define a <a
href="channels/package-summary.html#multiplex">multiplexed, non-blocking <br>
I/O</a> facility. </p></li>
</ul>
<p> The <tt>java.nio</tt> package defines the buffer classes, which are used
throughout the NIO APIs. The charset API is defined in the {@link
java.nio.charset} package, and the channel and selector APIs are defined in the
{@link java.nio.channels} package. Each of these subpackages has its own
service-provider (SPI) subpackage, the contents of which can be used to extend
the platform's default implementations or to construct alternative
implementations.
<a name="buffers"> </a>
<blockquote><table cellspacing=1 cellpadding=0 summary="Description of the various buffers">
<tr><th><p align="left">Buffers</p></th><th><p align="left">Description</p></th></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt>{@link java.nio.Buffer}</tt></td>
<td>Position, limit, and capacity;
<br>clear, flip, rewind, and mark/reset</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.ByteBuffer}</tt></td>
<td>Get/put, compact, views; allocate, wrap</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.MappedByteBuffer} </tt></td>
<td>A byte buffer mapped to a file</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.CharBuffer}</tt></td>
<td>Get/put, compact; allocate, wrap</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.DoubleBuffer}</tt></td>
<td> ' '</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.FloatBuffer}</tt></td>
<td> ' '</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.IntBuffer}</tt></td>
<td> ' '</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.LongBuffer}</tt></td>
<td> ' '</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt> {@link java.nio.ShortBuffer}</tt></td>
<td> ' '</td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><tt>{@link java.nio.ByteOrder}</tt></td>
<td>Typesafe enumeration for byte orders</td></tr>
</table></blockquote>
<p> A <i>buffer</i> is a container for a fixed amount of data of a specific
primitive type. In addition to its content a buffer has a <i>position</i>,
which is the index of the next element to be read or written, and a
<i>limit</i>, which is the index of the first element that should not be read
or written. The base {@link java.nio.Buffer} class defines these properties as
well as methods for <i>clearing</i>, <i>flipping</i>, and <i>rewinding</i>, for
<i>marking</i> the current position, and for <i>resetting</i> the position to
the previous mark.
<p> There is a buffer class for each non-boolean primitive type. Each class
defines a family of <i>get</i> and <i>put</i> methods for moving data out of
and in to a buffer, methods for <i>compacting</i>, <i>duplicating</i>, and
<i>slicing</i> a buffer, and static methods for <i>allocating</i> a new buffer
as well as for <i>wrapping</i> an existing array into a buffer.
<p> Byte buffers are distinguished in that they can be used as the sources and
targets of I/O operations. They also support several features not found in the
other buffer classes:
<ul>
<li><p> A byte buffer can be allocated as a <a href="ByteBuffer.html#direct">
<i>direct</i></a> buffer, in which case the Java virtual machine will make a
best effort to perform native I/O operations directly upon it. </p></li>
<li><p> A byte buffer can be created by {@link
java.nio.channels.FileChannel#map <i>mapping</i>} a region of a
file directly into memory, in which case a few additional file-related
operations defined in the {@link java.nio.MappedByteBuffer} class are
available. </p></li>
<li><p> A byte buffer provides access to its content as either a heterogeneous
or homogeneous sequence of <a href="ByteBuffer.html#bin">binary data</i></a>
of any non-boolean primitive type, in either big-endian or little-endian <a
href="ByteOrder.html">byte order</a>. </p></li>
</ul>
<p> Unless otherwise noted, passing a <tt>null</tt> argument to a constructor
or method in any class or interface in this package will cause a {@link
java.lang.NullPointerException NullPointerException} to be thrown.
@since 1.4
@author Mark Reinhold
@author JSR-51 Expert Group
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