/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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#ifndef SHARE_VM_OOPS_KLASS_HPP
#define SHARE_VM_OOPS_KLASS_HPP

#include "gc/shared/specialized_oop_closures.hpp"
#include "memory/iterator.hpp"
#include "memory/memRegion.hpp"
#include "oops/metadata.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.hpp"
#include "oops/oopHandle.hpp"
#include "trace/traceMacros.hpp"
#include "utilities/accessFlags.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"

//
// A Klass provides:
//  1: language level class object (method dictionary etc.)
//  2: provide vm dispatch behavior for the object
// Both functions are combined into one C++ class.

// One reason for the oop/klass dichotomy in the implementation is
// that we don't want a C++ vtbl pointer in every object.  Thus,
// normal oops don't have any virtual functions.  Instead, they
// forward all "virtual" functions to their klass, which does have
// a vtbl and does the C++ dispatch depending on the object's
// actual type.  (See oop.inline.hpp for some of the forwarding code.)
// ALL FUNCTIONS IMPLEMENTING THIS DISPATCH ARE PREFIXED WITH "oop_"!

// Forward declarations.
template <class T> class Array;
template <class T> class GrowableArray;
class ClassLoaderData;
class fieldDescriptor;
class KlassSizeStats;
class klassVtable;
class ModuleEntry;
class PackageEntry;
class ParCompactionManager;
class PSPromotionManager;
class vtableEntry;

class Klass : public Metadata {
  friend class VMStructs;
  friend class JVMCIVMStructs;
 protected:
  // If you add a new field that points to any metaspace object, you
  // must add this field to Klass::metaspace_pointers_do().

  // note: put frequently-used fields together at start of klass structure
  // for better cache behavior (may not make much of a difference but sure won't hurt)
  enum { _primary_super_limit = 8 };

  // The "layout helper" is a combined descriptor of object layout.
  // For klasses which are neither instance nor array, the value is zero.
  //
  // For instances, layout helper is a positive number, the instance size.
  // This size is already passed through align_object_size and scaled to bytes.
  // The low order bit is set if instances of this class cannot be
  // allocated using the fastpath.
  //
  // For arrays, layout helper is a negative number, containing four
  // distinct bytes, as follows:
  //    MSB:[tag, hsz, ebt, log2(esz)]:LSB
  // where:
  //    tag is 0x80 if the elements are oops, 0xC0 if non-oops
  //    hsz is array header size in bytes (i.e., offset of first element)
  //    ebt is the BasicType of the elements
  //    esz is the element size in bytes
  // This packed word is arranged so as to be quickly unpacked by the
  // various fast paths that use the various subfields.
  //
  // The esz bits can be used directly by a SLL instruction, without masking.
  //
  // Note that the array-kind tag looks like 0x00 for instance klasses,
  // since their length in bytes is always less than 24Mb.
  //
  // Final note:  This comes first, immediately after C++ vtable,
  // because it is frequently queried.
  jint        _layout_helper;

  // The fields _super_check_offset, _secondary_super_cache, _secondary_supers
  // and _primary_supers all help make fast subtype checks.  See big discussion
  // in doc/server_compiler/checktype.txt
  //
  // Where to look to observe a supertype (it is &_secondary_super_cache for
  // secondary supers, else is &_primary_supers[depth()].
  juint       _super_check_offset;

  // Class name.  Instance classes: java/lang/String, etc.  Array classes: [I,
  // [Ljava/lang/String;, etc.  Set to zero for all other kinds of classes.
  Symbol*     _name;

  // Cache of last observed secondary supertype
  Klass*      _secondary_super_cache;
  // Array of all secondary supertypes
  Array<Klass*>* _secondary_supers;
  // Ordered list of all primary supertypes
  Klass*      _primary_supers[_primary_super_limit];
  // java/lang/Class instance mirroring this class
  OopHandle _java_mirror;
  // Superclass
  Klass*      _super;
  // First subclass (NULL if none); _subklass->next_sibling() is next one
  Klass*      _subklass;
  // Sibling link (or NULL); links all subklasses of a klass
  Klass*      _next_sibling;

  // All klasses loaded by a class loader are chained through these links
  Klass*      _next_link;

  // The VM's representation of the ClassLoader used to load this class.
  // Provide access the corresponding instance java.lang.ClassLoader.
  ClassLoaderData* _class_loader_data;

  jint        _modifier_flags;  // Processed access flags, for use by Class.getModifiers.
  AccessFlags _access_flags;    // Access flags. The class/interface distinction is stored here.

  TRACE_DEFINE_TRACE_ID_FIELD;

  // Biased locking implementation and statistics
  // (the 64-bit chunk goes first, to avoid some fragmentation)
  jlong    _last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time;
  markOop  _prototype_header;   // Used when biased locking is both enabled and disabled for this type
  jint     _biased_lock_revocation_count;

  // vtable length
  int _vtable_len;

private:
  // This is an index into FileMapHeader::_classpath_entry_table[], to
  // associate this class with the JAR file where it's loaded from during
  // dump time. If a class is not loaded from the shared archive, this field is
  // -1.
  jshort _shared_class_path_index;

  friend class SharedClassUtil;
protected:

  // Constructor
  Klass();

  void* operator new(size_t size, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, size_t word_size, TRAPS) throw();

 public:
  enum DefaultsLookupMode { find_defaults, skip_defaults };
  enum OverpassLookupMode { find_overpass, skip_overpass };
  enum StaticLookupMode   { find_static,   skip_static };
  enum PrivateLookupMode  { find_private,  skip_private };

  bool is_klass() const volatile { return true; }

  // super
  Klass* super() const               { return _super; }
  void set_super(Klass* k)           { _super = k; }

  // initializes _super link, _primary_supers & _secondary_supers arrays
  void initialize_supers(Klass* k, TRAPS);
  void initialize_supers_impl1(Klass* k);
  void initialize_supers_impl2(Klass* k);

  // klass-specific helper for initializing _secondary_supers
  virtual GrowableArray<Klass*>* compute_secondary_supers(int num_extra_slots);

  // java_super is the Java-level super type as specified by Class.getSuperClass.
  virtual Klass* java_super() const  { return NULL; }

  juint    super_check_offset() const  { return _super_check_offset; }
  void set_super_check_offset(juint o) { _super_check_offset = o; }

  Klass* secondary_super_cache() const     { return _secondary_super_cache; }
  void set_secondary_super_cache(Klass* k) { _secondary_super_cache = k; }

  Array<Klass*>* secondary_supers() const { return _secondary_supers; }
  void set_secondary_supers(Array<Klass*>* k) { _secondary_supers = k; }

  // Return the element of the _super chain of the given depth.
  // If there is no such element, return either NULL or this.
  Klass* primary_super_of_depth(juint i) const {
    assert(i < primary_super_limit(), "oob");
    Klass* super = _primary_supers[i];
    assert(super == NULL || super->super_depth() == i, "correct display");
    return super;
  }

  // Can this klass be a primary super?  False for interfaces and arrays of
  // interfaces.  False also for arrays or classes with long super chains.
  bool can_be_primary_super() const {
    const juint secondary_offset = in_bytes(secondary_super_cache_offset());
    return super_check_offset() != secondary_offset;
  }
  virtual bool can_be_primary_super_slow() const;

  // Returns number of primary supers; may be a number in the inclusive range [0, primary_super_limit].
  juint super_depth() const {
    if (!can_be_primary_super()) {
      return primary_super_limit();
    } else {
      juint d = (super_check_offset() - in_bytes(primary_supers_offset())) / sizeof(Klass*);
      assert(d < primary_super_limit(), "oob");
      assert(_primary_supers[d] == this, "proper init");
      return d;
    }
  }

  // java mirror
  oop java_mirror() const;
  void set_java_mirror(Handle m);

  // Temporary mirror switch used by RedefineClasses
  // Both mirrors are on the ClassLoaderData::_handles list already so no
  // barriers are needed.
  void set_java_mirror_handle(OopHandle mirror) { _java_mirror = mirror; }
  OopHandle java_mirror_handle() const          { return _java_mirror; }

  // modifier flags
  jint modifier_flags() const          { return _modifier_flags; }
  void set_modifier_flags(jint flags)  { _modifier_flags = flags; }

  // size helper
  int layout_helper() const            { return _layout_helper; }
  void set_layout_helper(int lh)       { _layout_helper = lh; }

  // Note: for instances layout_helper() may include padding.
  // Use InstanceKlass::contains_field_offset to classify field offsets.

  // sub/superklass links
  Klass* subklass() const              { return _subklass; }
  Klass* next_sibling() const          { return _next_sibling; }
  InstanceKlass* superklass() const;
  void append_to_sibling_list();           // add newly created receiver to superklass' subklass list

  void set_next_link(Klass* k) { _next_link = k; }
  Klass* next_link() const { return _next_link; }   // The next klass defined by the class loader.

  // class loader data
  ClassLoaderData* class_loader_data() const               { return _class_loader_data; }
  void set_class_loader_data(ClassLoaderData* loader_data) {  _class_loader_data = loader_data; }

  int shared_classpath_index() const   {
    return _shared_class_path_index;
  };

  void set_shared_classpath_index(int index) {
    _shared_class_path_index = index;
  };

  // Obtain the module or package for this class
  virtual ModuleEntry* module() const = 0;
  virtual PackageEntry* package() const = 0;

 protected:                                // internal accessors
  void     set_subklass(Klass* s);
  void     set_next_sibling(Klass* s);

 public:

  // Compiler support
  static ByteSize super_offset()                 { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _super)); }
  static ByteSize super_check_offset_offset()    { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _super_check_offset)); }
  static ByteSize primary_supers_offset()        { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _primary_supers)); }
  static ByteSize secondary_super_cache_offset() { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _secondary_super_cache)); }
  static ByteSize secondary_supers_offset()      { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _secondary_supers)); }
  static ByteSize java_mirror_offset()           { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _java_mirror)); }
  static ByteSize modifier_flags_offset()        { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _modifier_flags)); }
  static ByteSize layout_helper_offset()         { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _layout_helper)); }
  static ByteSize access_flags_offset()          { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _access_flags)); }

  // Unpacking layout_helper:
  enum {
    _lh_neutral_value           = 0,  // neutral non-array non-instance value
    _lh_instance_slow_path_bit  = 0x01,
    _lh_log2_element_size_shift = BitsPerByte*0,
    _lh_log2_element_size_mask  = BitsPerLong-1,
    _lh_element_type_shift      = BitsPerByte*1,
    _lh_element_type_mask       = right_n_bits(BitsPerByte),  // shifted mask
    _lh_header_size_shift       = BitsPerByte*2,
    _lh_header_size_mask        = right_n_bits(BitsPerByte),  // shifted mask
    _lh_array_tag_bits          = 2,
    _lh_array_tag_shift         = BitsPerInt - _lh_array_tag_bits,
    _lh_array_tag_obj_value     = ~0x01   // 0x80000000 >> 30
  };

  static const unsigned int _lh_array_tag_type_value = 0Xffffffff; // ~0x00,  // 0xC0000000 >> 30

  static int layout_helper_size_in_bytes(jint lh) {
    assert(lh > (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be instance");
    return (int) lh & ~_lh_instance_slow_path_bit;
  }
  static bool layout_helper_needs_slow_path(jint lh) {
    assert(lh > (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be instance");
    return (lh & _lh_instance_slow_path_bit) != 0;
  }
  static bool layout_helper_is_instance(jint lh) {
    return (jint)lh > (jint)_lh_neutral_value;
  }
  static bool layout_helper_is_array(jint lh) {
    return (jint)lh < (jint)_lh_neutral_value;
  }
  static bool layout_helper_is_typeArray(jint lh) {
    // _lh_array_tag_type_value == (lh >> _lh_array_tag_shift);
    return (juint)lh >= (juint)(_lh_array_tag_type_value << _lh_array_tag_shift);
  }
  static bool layout_helper_is_objArray(jint lh) {
    // _lh_array_tag_obj_value == (lh >> _lh_array_tag_shift);
    return (jint)lh < (jint)(_lh_array_tag_type_value << _lh_array_tag_shift);
  }
  static int layout_helper_header_size(jint lh) {
    assert(lh < (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be array");
    int hsize = (lh >> _lh_header_size_shift) & _lh_header_size_mask;
    assert(hsize > 0 && hsize < (int)sizeof(oopDesc)*3, "sanity");
    return hsize;
  }
  static BasicType layout_helper_element_type(jint lh) {
    assert(lh < (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be array");
    int btvalue = (lh >> _lh_element_type_shift) & _lh_element_type_mask;
    assert(btvalue >= T_BOOLEAN && btvalue <= T_OBJECT, "sanity");
    return (BasicType) btvalue;
  }

  // Want a pattern to quickly diff against layout header in register
  // find something less clever!
  static int layout_helper_boolean_diffbit() {
    jint zlh = array_layout_helper(T_BOOLEAN);
    jint blh = array_layout_helper(T_BYTE);
    assert(zlh != blh, "array layout helpers must differ");
    int diffbit = 1;
    while ((diffbit & (zlh ^ blh)) == 0 && (diffbit & zlh) == 0) {
      diffbit <<= 1;
      assert(diffbit != 0, "make sure T_BOOLEAN has a different bit than T_BYTE");
    }
    return diffbit;
  }

  static int layout_helper_log2_element_size(jint lh) {
    assert(lh < (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be array");
    int l2esz = (lh >> _lh_log2_element_size_shift) & _lh_log2_element_size_mask;
    assert(l2esz <= LogBytesPerLong,
           "sanity. l2esz: 0x%x for lh: 0x%x", (uint)l2esz, (uint)lh);
    return l2esz;
  }
  static jint array_layout_helper(jint tag, int hsize, BasicType etype, int log2_esize) {
    return (tag        << _lh_array_tag_shift)
      |    (hsize      << _lh_header_size_shift)
      |    ((int)etype << _lh_element_type_shift)
      |    (log2_esize << _lh_log2_element_size_shift);
  }
  static jint instance_layout_helper(jint size, bool slow_path_flag) {
    return (size << LogBytesPerWord)
      |    (slow_path_flag ? _lh_instance_slow_path_bit : 0);
  }
  static int layout_helper_to_size_helper(jint lh) {
    assert(lh > (jint)_lh_neutral_value, "must be instance");
    // Note that the following expression discards _lh_instance_slow_path_bit.
    return lh >> LogBytesPerWord;
  }
  // Out-of-line version computes everything based on the etype:
  static jint array_layout_helper(BasicType etype);

  // What is the maximum number of primary superclasses any klass can have?
#ifdef PRODUCT
  static juint primary_super_limit()         { return _primary_super_limit; }
#else
  static juint primary_super_limit() {
    assert(FastSuperclassLimit <= _primary_super_limit, "parameter oob");
    return FastSuperclassLimit;
  }
#endif

  // vtables
  klassVtable vtable() const;
  int vtable_length() const { return _vtable_len; }

  // subclass check
  bool is_subclass_of(const Klass* k) const;
  // subtype check: true if is_subclass_of, or if k is interface and receiver implements it
  bool is_subtype_of(Klass* k) const {
    juint    off = k->super_check_offset();
    Klass* sup = *(Klass**)( (address)this + off );
    const juint secondary_offset = in_bytes(secondary_super_cache_offset());
    if (sup == k) {
      return true;
    } else if (off != secondary_offset) {
      return false;
    } else {
      return search_secondary_supers(k);
    }
  }

  // Is an oop/narrowOop null or subtype of this Klass?
  template <typename T>
  bool is_instanceof_or_null(T element);

  bool search_secondary_supers(Klass* k) const;

  // Find LCA in class hierarchy
  Klass *LCA( Klass *k );

  // Check whether reflection/jni/jvm code is allowed to instantiate this class;
  // if not, throw either an Error or an Exception.
  virtual void check_valid_for_instantiation(bool throwError, TRAPS);

  // array copying
  virtual void  copy_array(arrayOop s, int src_pos, arrayOop d, int dst_pos, int length, TRAPS);

  // tells if the class should be initialized
  virtual bool should_be_initialized() const    { return false; }
  // initializes the klass
  virtual void initialize(TRAPS);
  // lookup operation for MethodLookupCache
  friend class MethodLookupCache;
  virtual Klass* find_field(Symbol* name, Symbol* signature, fieldDescriptor* fd) const;
  virtual Method* uncached_lookup_method(const Symbol* name, const Symbol* signature, OverpassLookupMode overpass_mode) const;
 public:
  Method* lookup_method(const Symbol* name, const Symbol* signature) const {
    return uncached_lookup_method(name, signature, find_overpass);
  }

  // array class with specific rank
  Klass* array_klass(int rank, TRAPS)         {  return array_klass_impl(false, rank, THREAD); }

  // array class with this klass as element type
  Klass* array_klass(TRAPS)                   {  return array_klass_impl(false, THREAD); }

  // These will return NULL instead of allocating on the heap:
  // NB: these can block for a mutex, like other functions with TRAPS arg.
  Klass* array_klass_or_null(int rank);
  Klass* array_klass_or_null();

  virtual oop protection_domain() const = 0;

  oop class_loader() const;

  virtual oop klass_holder() const      { return class_loader(); }

 protected:
  virtual Klass* array_klass_impl(bool or_null, int rank, TRAPS);
  virtual Klass* array_klass_impl(bool or_null, TRAPS);

  void set_vtable_length(int len) { _vtable_len= len; }

  vtableEntry* start_of_vtable() const;
 public:
  Method* method_at_vtable(int index);

  static ByteSize vtable_start_offset();
  static ByteSize vtable_length_offset() {
    return byte_offset_of(Klass, _vtable_len);
  }

  // CDS support - remove and restore oops from metadata. Oops are not shared.
  virtual void remove_unshareable_info();
  virtual void remove_java_mirror();
  virtual void restore_unshareable_info(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, Handle protection_domain, TRAPS);

 protected:
  // computes the subtype relationship
  virtual bool compute_is_subtype_of(Klass* k);
 public:
  // subclass accessor (here for convenience; undefined for non-klass objects)
  virtual bool is_leaf_class() const { fatal("not a class"); return false; }
 public:
  // ALL FUNCTIONS BELOW THIS POINT ARE DISPATCHED FROM AN OOP
  // These functions describe behavior for the oop not the KLASS.

  // actual oop size of obj in memory
  virtual int oop_size(oop obj) const = 0;

  // Size of klass in word size.
  virtual int size() const = 0;
#if INCLUDE_SERVICES
  virtual void collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const;
#endif

  // Returns the Java name for a class (Resource allocated)
  // For arrays, this returns the name of the element with a leading '['.
  // For classes, this returns the name with the package separators
  //     turned into '.'s.
  const char* external_name() const;
  // Returns the name for a class (Resource allocated) as the class
  // would appear in a signature.
  // For arrays, this returns the name of the element with a leading '['.
  // For classes, this returns the name with a leading 'L' and a trailing ';'
  //     and the package separators as '/'.
  virtual const char* signature_name() const;

  // type testing operations
#ifdef ASSERT
 protected:
  virtual bool is_instance_klass_slow()     const { return false; }
  virtual bool is_array_klass_slow()        const { return false; }
  virtual bool is_objArray_klass_slow()     const { return false; }
  virtual bool is_typeArray_klass_slow()    const { return false; }
#endif // ASSERT
 public:

  // Fast non-virtual versions
  #ifndef ASSERT
  #define assert_same_query(xval, xcheck) xval
  #else
 private:
  static bool assert_same_query(bool xval, bool xslow) {
    assert(xval == xslow, "slow and fast queries agree");
    return xval;
  }
 public:
  #endif
  inline  bool is_instance_klass()            const { return assert_same_query(
                                                      layout_helper_is_instance(layout_helper()),
                                                      is_instance_klass_slow()); }
  inline  bool is_array_klass()               const { return assert_same_query(
                                                    layout_helper_is_array(layout_helper()),
                                                    is_array_klass_slow()); }
  inline  bool is_objArray_klass()            const { return assert_same_query(
                                                    layout_helper_is_objArray(layout_helper()),
                                                    is_objArray_klass_slow()); }
  inline  bool is_typeArray_klass()           const { return assert_same_query(
                                                    layout_helper_is_typeArray(layout_helper()),
                                                    is_typeArray_klass_slow()); }
  #undef assert_same_query

  // Access flags
  AccessFlags access_flags() const         { return _access_flags;  }
  void set_access_flags(AccessFlags flags) { _access_flags = flags; }

  bool is_public() const                { return _access_flags.is_public(); }
  bool is_final() const                 { return _access_flags.is_final(); }
  bool is_interface() const             { return _access_flags.is_interface(); }
  bool is_abstract() const              { return _access_flags.is_abstract(); }
  bool is_super() const                 { return _access_flags.is_super(); }
  bool is_synthetic() const             { return _access_flags.is_synthetic(); }
  void set_is_synthetic()               { _access_flags.set_is_synthetic(); }
  bool has_finalizer() const            { return _access_flags.has_finalizer(); }
  bool has_final_method() const         { return _access_flags.has_final_method(); }
  void set_has_finalizer()              { _access_flags.set_has_finalizer(); }
  void set_has_final_method()           { _access_flags.set_has_final_method(); }
  bool has_vanilla_constructor() const  { return _access_flags.has_vanilla_constructor(); }
  void set_has_vanilla_constructor()    { _access_flags.set_has_vanilla_constructor(); }
  bool has_miranda_methods () const     { return access_flags().has_miranda_methods(); }
  void set_has_miranda_methods()        { _access_flags.set_has_miranda_methods(); }
  bool is_shared() const                { return access_flags().is_shared_class(); } // shadows MetaspaceObj::is_shared)()
  void set_is_shared()                  { _access_flags.set_is_shared_class(); }

  bool is_cloneable() const;
  void set_is_cloneable();

  // Biased locking support
  // Note: the prototype header is always set up to be at least the
  // prototype markOop. If biased locking is enabled it may further be
  // biasable and have an epoch.
  markOop prototype_header() const      { return _prototype_header; }
  // NOTE: once instances of this klass are floating around in the
  // system, this header must only be updated at a safepoint.
  // NOTE 2: currently we only ever set the prototype header to the
  // biasable prototype for instanceKlasses. There is no technical
  // reason why it could not be done for arrayKlasses aside from
  // wanting to reduce the initial scope of this optimization. There
  // are potential problems in setting the bias pattern for
  // JVM-internal oops.
  inline void set_prototype_header(markOop header);
  static ByteSize prototype_header_offset() { return in_ByteSize(offset_of(Klass, _prototype_header)); }

  int  biased_lock_revocation_count() const { return (int) _biased_lock_revocation_count; }
  // Atomically increments biased_lock_revocation_count and returns updated value
  int atomic_incr_biased_lock_revocation_count();
  void set_biased_lock_revocation_count(int val) { _biased_lock_revocation_count = (jint) val; }
  jlong last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time() { return _last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time; }
  void  set_last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time(jlong cur_time) { _last_biased_lock_bulk_revocation_time = cur_time; }

  TRACE_DEFINE_TRACE_ID_METHODS;

  virtual void metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* iter);
  virtual MetaspaceObj::Type type() const { return ClassType; }

  // Iff the class loader (or mirror for anonymous classes) is alive the
  // Klass is considered alive.
  // The is_alive closure passed in depends on the Garbage Collector used.
  bool is_loader_alive(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive);

  static void clean_weak_klass_links(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive, bool clean_alive_klasses = true);
  static void clean_subklass_tree(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive) {
    clean_weak_klass_links(is_alive, false /* clean_alive_klasses */);
  }

  // GC specific object visitors
  //
#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  // Parallel Scavenge
  virtual void oop_ps_push_contents(  oop obj, PSPromotionManager* pm)   = 0;
  // Parallel Compact
  virtual void oop_pc_follow_contents(oop obj, ParCompactionManager* cm) = 0;
  virtual void oop_pc_update_pointers(oop obj, ParCompactionManager* cm) = 0;
#endif

  // Iterators specialized to particular subtypes
  // of ExtendedOopClosure, to avoid closure virtual calls.
#define Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL(OopClosureType, nv_suffix)                                           \
  virtual void oop_oop_iterate##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure) = 0;                        \
  /* Iterates "closure" over all the oops in "obj" (of type "this") within "mr". */                     \
  virtual void oop_oop_iterate_bounded##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure, MemRegion mr) = 0;

  ALL_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_CLOSURES_1(Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL)
  ALL_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_CLOSURES_2(Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL)

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#define Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL_BACKWARDS(OopClosureType, nv_suffix)                     \
  virtual void oop_oop_iterate_backwards##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure) = 0;

  ALL_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_CLOSURES_1(Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL_BACKWARDS)
  ALL_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_CLOSURES_2(Klass_OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL_BACKWARDS)
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

  virtual void array_klasses_do(void f(Klass* k)) {}

  // Return self, except for abstract classes with exactly 1
  // implementor.  Then return the 1 concrete implementation.
  Klass *up_cast_abstract();

  // klass name
  Symbol* name() const                   { return _name; }
  void set_name(Symbol* n);

 public:
  // jvm support
  virtual jint compute_modifier_flags(TRAPS) const;

  // JVMTI support
  virtual jint jvmti_class_status() const;

  // Printing
  virtual void print_on(outputStream* st) const;

  virtual void oop_print_value_on(oop obj, outputStream* st);
  virtual void oop_print_on      (oop obj, outputStream* st);

  virtual const char* internal_name() const = 0;

  // Verification
  virtual void verify_on(outputStream* st);
  void verify() { verify_on(tty); }

#ifndef PRODUCT
  bool verify_vtable_index(int index);
  bool verify_itable_index(int index);
#endif

  virtual void oop_verify_on(oop obj, outputStream* st);

  static bool is_null(narrowKlass obj);
  static bool is_null(Klass* obj);

  // klass encoding for klass pointer in objects.
  static narrowKlass encode_klass_not_null(Klass* v);
  static narrowKlass encode_klass(Klass* v);

  static Klass* decode_klass_not_null(narrowKlass v);
  static Klass* decode_klass(narrowKlass v);
};

// Helper to convert the oop iterate macro suffixes into bool values that can be used by template functions.
#define nvs_nv_to_bool true
#define nvs_v_to_bool  false
#define nvs_to_bool(nv_suffix) nvs##nv_suffix##_to_bool

// Oop iteration macros for declarations.
// Used to generate declarations in the *Klass header files.

#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL(OopClosureType, nv_suffix)                                    \
  void oop_oop_iterate##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure);                        \
  void oop_oop_iterate_bounded##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure, MemRegion mr);

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DECL_BACKWARDS(OopClosureType, nv_suffix)               \
  void oop_oop_iterate_backwards##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure);
#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS


// Oop iteration macros for definitions.
// Used to generate definitions in the *Klass.inline.hpp files.

#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DEFN(KlassType, OopClosureType, nv_suffix)              \
void KlassType::oop_oop_iterate##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure) {  \
  oop_oop_iterate<nvs_to_bool(nv_suffix)>(obj, closure);                        \
}

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DEFN_BACKWARDS(KlassType, OopClosureType, nv_suffix)              \
void KlassType::oop_oop_iterate_backwards##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure) {  \
  oop_oop_iterate_reverse<nvs_to_bool(nv_suffix)>(obj, closure);                          \
}
#else
#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DEFN_BACKWARDS(KlassType, OopClosureType, nv_suffix)
#endif

#define OOP_OOP_ITERATE_DEFN_BOUNDED(KlassType, OopClosureType, nv_suffix)                            \
void KlassType::oop_oop_iterate_bounded##nv_suffix(oop obj, OopClosureType* closure, MemRegion mr) {  \
  oop_oop_iterate_bounded<nvs_to_bool(nv_suffix)>(obj, closure, mr);                                  \
}

#endif // SHARE_VM_OOPS_KLASS_HPP